Jose Rizal Institute-Orion

San Vicente, Orion, Bataan

Competency-based Learning Module

Technology and Livelihood Education

TECHNICAL DRAFTING 8
Unit of Competency: Prepare Freehand Drawing

Module No.: 1 Module Title: COMMERCIAL ART

 HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
This Self-learning Module is designed to help JRI students to have learning continuity
amidst the COVID 19 pandemic. It presents the Most Essential Learning Competencies for
Technical Drawing 1.

Activities are properly arranged in this module to help you work on your own pace. This
module also covers the knowledge, skills, and desirable attitude you need in technical drawing.

A Pre-assessment precedes the learning activities in each module to determine your

learning level and need.

The Explore provides the informations necessary in learning the lesson being presented. It
helps the student explore the essential knowledge thus preparing them acquire the competencies
easier.

When you are able to accomplish all the tasks required, a post-assessment is given to
check if the student is understood the specified learning outcome/s and ready for the next task.

Activity sheet is given at the end of the learning outcome to firm-up and deepen
understanding of the lesson and the competency involved.

The teacher is more than willing to assist the students/guardians in cases like struggles in
the comprehension of lessons, clarifications and inquiries regarding the activities. You may call or
send a message to the teacher for any assistance needed. [Mr. Michael Tico- 09952624505]
Module Title : COMMERCIAL ART

INTRODUCTION
The Commercial Art Program spans a number of areas related to visual communications. Students
prepare layout and design artwork for magazines, newspapers, books, television, posters, and packaging. The
commercial art and graphic design industry encompasses the business of selling artwork for business
(promotional) purposes, rather than for strictly aesthetic purposes.
Typically, graphic design leans more commercial, while illustration is related to fine art. As more and more
commercial projects often require emotive and distinct visuals, those differences are becoming less obvious
over time.
Maybe you didn’t study art formally. If not, you’re probably only, at best, casually familiar with some of the
basic tenants of good design.
You’ve no doubt heard visual judges in the past make reference to the elements and principles of design, and
if you’ve never really fully understood what they meant, this module aims to help you.

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon the completion of this module, you will be able to:
LESSON 1 Apply the elements and principles of design
LESSON 2 Create posters
LESSON 3 Conceptualize monograms

PRE-ASSESSMENT:
Directions: Identify what is referred to in each item. Choose answer below.
COMPRESSED EXTENDED LINE SHADING TEXT LETTERING
HORIZONTAL LINE EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE SMUDGE SHADING
QUADRILATERAL
VERTICAL LINE SPEEDBALL PEN STIPLING GOTHIC
CAPLINE LETTER W SQUARE RECTANGLE

_________________1. It is the simplest form of lettering style.

_________________2. It is the most artistic and decorative of all lettering style.
_________________3. This lettering tool is commonly used in drawing Roman and Text lettering.
_________________4. This lettering guideline is where heads of the capital letters touch.
_________________5. This letter proportioning is used if the space for the lettering is ample or wide.
_________________6. This letter proportioning is done by drawing the letters narrower than normal.
_________________7. It is the widest letter in the alphabet.
_________________8. This quadrilateral has 4 equal sides and 4 right angles.
_________________9. It is a polygon with 5 sides.
_________________10.This geometrical figure has 4 straight sides.
_________________11.It is a triangle with 3 equal sides.
_________________12.It is a line parallel to the horizon or a line that form 180 deg. It is drawn from left to
right.
_________________13.A technique of showing the various shades of an object by using lines.
_________________14.This type of shading is done by dabbing the pencil point or pen to produce dots on
the surface of the object.
_________________15.This shading is done by using the powdered graphite or lead of a pencil.
LESSON 1 : Perform different lettering styles and techniquesAPPYING THE ELEMENTS
AND PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
Maybe you didn’t study art formally. If not, you’re probably only, at best, casually familiar with some of the
basic tenants of good design. You’ve no doubt heard visual judges in the past make reference to the elements
and principles of design, and if you’ve never really fully understood what they meant, this lesson is here to
explain the basics.
The first component to study are the seven elements of design. These are the basic building blocks of any
design or piece of art, and can be thought of as the ingredients used in your visual presentation. Whether well
done or not, all pieces of visual art will contain most, if not all, of these eleme nts of design. Some sources
may differ on their exact list of elements and definitions, but this will get you started.
Assessment Criteria
Importance of lettering is properly explained
Each style of letter is performed on commercial standards.
Care and maintenance of lettering instruments are properly observed and practiced.
Appropriate lettering instruments are correctly used.
Decorative letter styles are creatively done for a particular purpose.

References:
Technology ang Livelihood Education 8; Phoenix Publishing House; 2013
Carrer Pathways in TLE 9; Sunshine Interlinks Publishing House, Inc.; 2014
3. German M. Manaois. Drafting 1 and 2; Phoenix Publishing:1983
4. Norman Stirling. Introduction to Technical Drawing; Delmar Publishing: 1977

EXPLORE

DESIGN
In general, a technical design is a plan or drawing produced to show the look or function of
something. Graphic design is the process of visual communication through the use of different
elements.
To be able to make an effective and interesting design, we need to understand the elements
and principles involved in creating one. Elements of design refers to the materials used to build
designs with, while principles of design refers to the rules that help you organize and place the
materials.

ELEMENTS OF DESIGN:
LINE- – is a continuous mark made on a surface or the edge created when two shapes meet. May
be actual, implied, vertical, horizontal, diagonal, and/or contour.
SHAPE/FORM- – is a self-contained defined area, either geometric or natural or abstract. Shape
refers to a two-dimensional element with area on a plane, while form refers to a three-dimensional
element with volume in space.

COLOR- – is the visible spectrum of radiation reflected from an object. Color is also sometimes
referred to as hue. It can generate emotion, create unity, make something standout, and create visual
interest.

VALUE- – refers to how light or dark an object, area, or element is, independent of its color. Value
is also sometimes referred to as tone.
TEXTURE- – is the surface quality of a shape, or how it appears to feel: rough, smooth, spiky, soft,
hard, and glossy, etc. Texture can be real or implied.

SIZE- – refers to the relationship of the area occupied by one shape to that of another. Size can
define the importance of the element on the design.

SPACE-– is the distance or area around or between elements in a work. It can be used to separate or
group elements in the design.
Positive space refers to the area occupied by the subject element.
Negative space refers to the area surrounding the subject.
TEXT- it is the lettering part of a design which is used to give information regarding the design or a
part of it. Different text have different moods. Try to match the font styles that you believe
complement each other.

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN:
CONTRAST- it is used to make elements in a design stand apart from each other and to make a
noticeable difference between them. It can be color contrast, value contrast, texture contrast, or size
contrast.

REPETITION- repeating elements in a design helps create patterns or/and cohesiveness.

IMPROPER PROXIMITY & GOOD PROXIMITY

PROXIMITY- it refers to how close or how far objects are from each other.

ALIGNMENT- it means that elements used in the design are visually connected so that nothing
feels out of place or disconnected.
 Remember this:Skill in lettering is a basic requirement for a student in drawing. He must be exposed
to the lettering activities to orient him on the quality standard in printing letters.
Lettering is used as a form of communication. As applied in drawing, it adds beauty if it is well-
printed. Likewise, it can destroy the appearance of the drawing once it is not done well. It’s important to
learn about the lettering when you are in the Drafting industry. It is needed to supply the informations of the
drawing being presented.
The Four Group of Lettering Styles
Gothic Letters. They are the most simple and readable among the four group of letters. It has a
uniform stem. It should be applied only for poster and advertisement purposes.

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq
Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy

Two forms of gothic letters:

a. Commercial Gothic. It is printed with heavy stem. It is used for advertisement purposes
only.

b. Single Stroke. It is printed with thin stem. It is used for engineering drawing purposes.
1. Roman Letters. The thickness of these letters is not uniform. they have pointed stem which is
called “serif”. They must be used for books, magazine, newspapers, and text matters.
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr
Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy
The Three Classics of Roman Letters:
a. Old Roman Letters. They are printed by means of layout form using the flexible lettering pen.
The thickness of the thin stem must be ½ from the thickness of the heavy stem.
b. Modern Roman Letters. They are printed in single stroke using the speedball pen.
c. Modified Roman. Similar to Modern Roman, they are printed in single stroke using the
speedball pen. However, this style must be printed in the absence of serif.

2. Script. It is considered as artistic letters. It is purposely used for certificates, diplomas, citations,
greetings and invitation cards.

3.
3.
3.
3.
Text or Old English. This style is the most artistic among the four groups of letter. Similar to Spanish
script, it is also used for certificates, diplomas, citations, greetings and invitation cards.

THINGS TO BE CONSIDERED IN LETTERING:

This refers to the standard rules to be considered in drawing the letters particularly on the following:

>USE OF GUIDELINES
To be able to align all the letters and to have uniformity in height, use of guidelines is primarily
considered. Guidelines to be used depends on the type of letters to be drawn, whether they are uppercase
letters or lowercase letters or combination of both.
Upper Case letters. They are letters which are printed in capital form. Three guidelines to be used when
drawing upper case letters are cap line, waist line, and base line.
Example: cap line

ABCDEFG
waist line
 base line

Lower Case Letters. These are the letters which are printed in small letters printed with the use of four
guidelines such as cap line, waist line, base line, and dropped line.
Example:
cap line

waist line

abcdfgy base line

dropped line

>GENERAL PROPORTION OF LETTERS

Proportioning of letter refers to the width of the letters which will depend on the space allocated for
the lettering.
Compressed or Condensed. This particular proportion should be applied only when the space is limited.
The letters are printed with closer distance and its width is narrower than the normal size.
Example:

COMPRESSED
Extended. This proportion is applied when there is a more space. The width of the letter is wider than the
height.
Example:

Normal. This proportion is applied when there is normal space. The letter is printed in the normal size.
Example:

NORMAL
The Two Proportion of Thickness
Boldface. This refers to the letters which are printed with heavy stem.
Example:

BOLDFACE
Lightface. This refers to the letters which are printed with thin stem.

Example:

>SPACING OF LETTERS
The spacing between words are effectively done by visual spacing or calculated by the eye. Some
people mistakenly apply mechanical spacing or box method thus resulting to visual improximity [see figure
1a]. This is because some letters are wide on the upper part and narrow on the lower or vise-versa.
 The spacing between words is done as if a letter O appears in between each word [see figure 1b].

>UNIFORMITY
Letters should be uniform in all aspects such as height, style, proportion, stem, etc. Non-uniformity
will result in a poor lettering work.

Below are the suggested lettering tools and instruments and their uses:
1. Speed Ball - used in writing different various styles ofletters
2. Lettering Brush - used for sign painting
3. Felt Point Pen - used for sign painting
4. Letter Template - used as guide for letter transfer
5. Letter Transfer - used to direct letter transfer
6. Pencil - used for lettering and sketching
7. Technical Pen - used for Gothic letters
8. Leroy Lettering Pen - used for engineering and architectural
lettering

Standards of Letters [based on ANSI]

There is a standard in drawing the letters in engineering practices and this is bases on the American National
Standard Institute [ANSI].
The first letters that should be studied are I, L, T, F, E, H. These letters are the easiest to draw because the
basic strokes are vertical and horizontal. Letters A, K, M, N, V, X, and Z are drawn with combination of
vertical, horizontal, and inclined lines. You should practice making these letters according to the models.
The next group P, R, B, U and J requires close study because of the introduction of the curved line aside
from the three already given.
The last group of letters is C, G, O, Q, D and S which are based on the circle.
 The letter W must be printed wider than the other letters. It is suggested therefore that its width
should be greater than the other letters by 25 percent. The letter I is the thinnest letter.
According to ANSI, letters TOMQVAXY are drawn with a height of 6 units and width of 6 units as well.
The letter W is drawn with a height of 6 units and width of units. Other letters are drawn with a height of 6
units and width od 5 units only.[ see figure 1.1 ]

Making Numerals
All mechanical drawings involve the use of numerals, hence, they should be studied closely. Notice that in
the figures below are all 6 units and 5 units wide except 1. All figures are composed of the essential strokes
found in the letters which are straight and curved. [ See Figure 1.1 ]

_________________1. informations.
_________________2. This element refers to how dark or light an object l

Single stroke vertical upper case letters and numerals

Figure 1.1

Single stroke vertical lower case letters

Figure 1.2
 Jose Rizal Institute
San Vicente, Orion, Bataan
Contact Numbers: (047) 244-4311/0905 361 4184
Website: http://jrischools.com
Email Address: joserizalinstitute@gmail.com
Post Assessment
LO1: PRINCIPLES AND ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

Name____________________________ Gr./Section________________ Date ___________

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answerIdentify the following. (Pick your answers from the pool of
words below)
DESIGN PRINCIPLES SHAPE COLOR VALUE
LINE TEXTURE SIZE TEXT SPACE
ELEMENTS REPETITION CONTRAST ALIGNMENT PROXIMITY

_________________1. It is the lettering on the design which can be used to express the mood of the
theme.
_________________2. These are materials you build your designs with.
_________________3. These are the rules that help you organize the elements on your design.
_________________4. This element can generate emotions and create visual interest.
_________________5. This element defines the importance of the object on the design.
_________________6. This element gives an impression of what the surface feels and looks like or
what it is made of.
_________________7. This element is created by putting up lines together to create height and
width.
_________________8. This element of design can be used to connect content to one another, to
create movement, or divide spaces.
_________________9. This element of design is used to group or separate informations.
_________________10. This element refers to how dark or light an object looks.
_________________11. This is the space occupied by the subject on your design.
_________________12. This principle of design helps create cohesiveness and produce pattern.
_________________13. This principle of design is applied to make each elements stand apart from
one another.
_________________14. This principle of design is considered to make visual connection so that
nothing is disconnected or out of place.
_________________15. This principle of design refers to how close or how far each element are
from one another to express their relationship.
EXPLORE
THE PROPERTIES OF COLOR
In using the element of color on your design, one must be familiar with the basic properties of color to be
able to effectively use it to achieve the purpose of its application. Colors are better understood by looking at
them on the color wheel. A color wheel was the first organized system of colors. It clearly shows the
relationship of colors.
In traditional color theory, it all starts with the three colors which is known as the primary colors:
PRIMARY COLORS- are the red, blue and yellow. They cannot be produced by mixing any color. They
are positioned equidistantly on the color wheel.

SECONDARY COLORS- are the orange, green, and violet. They are produced by mixing two primary
colors. In the color wheel, they are positioned in the middle of the two primary color which are mixed to
produce them.
I. Multiple Choice. On the space provided before each item, write the letter of the word or group of

words that will make the statement complete and correct.

________ 1. Which of the styles of letter is applicable for engineering drawing?
a. Single stroke gothic letters
b. Commercial gothic letters
c. Modified roman letters
d. Modern roman letters
________ 2. This proportion of letters is only used when the space is enough.
a. compressed
b. extended
c. normal
d. lightface
________ 3. Among the letters below, identify which of them has widest width?
a. M
b. W
 c. X
d. A
________ 4. Which of the statements below clearly define the meaning of letter proportioning?
a. This refers to the standard rules to be considered in printing the letters
b. This refers to the styles and methods of printing the letters.
c. This refers width of letters that depends on the space provided.
d. It is a standard guideline to be observed in using the different lettering tools.

________ 5. Which of the proportion of letters below is applicable for limited space?
a. compressed proportion
b. extended proportion
c. normal proportion
d. boldface proportion
II. Identify the style of lettering used in graphics below:

1 ___________________ 2 _________________ 3 ________________

4 ____________________ 5 _________________
III. Answer the following questions briefly:

1. Discuss the effect of the lettering on the drawing when it is not properly printed.
2. How important is lettering in the drawing?

TERTIARY COLORS- are the red-orange, red-violet, blue-violet, blue-green, yellow-green, and yellow-
orange. They are produced by mixing a primary and a secondary color. In the color wheel, they are
positioned in between the colors which are used to produce them.
THE PRANG COLOR WHEEL CHART

NEUTRAL COLORS
- neutral colors are black and white,and sometimes gray and brown are also considered as neutral
colors. They are not actually colors but they can be added to other hues to produce other colors or to change
the tone, tint, and shade.

WARM COLORS
 -these are colors found on one side of the color wheel which are said to be the colors of the fire or
sun. Warm colors make the objects on the painting looks closer.

COOL COLORS
-these are colors found on the other side of the color wheel. They are the colors found in the ice or
snow. Cool colors tend to recede in the composition.

THE THREE ELEMENTS OF COLORS:

HUE – refers to the actual color such as green, yellow, orange, etc.
CHROMA- refers to the intensity of the color such as making it bright or dull.
TONE – refers to the amount of black or white in the color.

The colors on the color wheel can also be changed by tint, tone, and shade.

TINT- is a hue blended with white.

TONE- is a hue blended with gray.
SHADE- is a heu blended with black.
Firm-up Activity
To firm up your learning on the colors, make a color wheel to show the relationship of colors on a
systematic presentation. It is not enough that you learned the concepts in lettering. Be sure you are also
able to demonstrate the skills. So do this activity on an oslo paper with title block as shown on the sample.
ies:
Activity 1
Direction: Draw all the letters of the alphabet based on the ANSI. Do these on a graphing paper as shown in
the figure below.

EXPLORE
COLOR SCHEMES
Color schemes are systematic way of using the color wheel to put colors together. The color scheme or color harmony
is combining the use of colors in an artwork or design express moods or theme.
MONOCHROMATIC COLOR SCHEME
 it is derived from the word “mono” which means one, and “chroma” which means color.
 This color scheme uses only one color and its values.Activity 2
  Direction: Draw the numerals 0-9 based on the ANSI. Do these on a graphing paper as shown in
figure below.


ANALOGOUS COLOR SCHEME-
 uses colors that are next to each other on the color wheel. They usually match well and create serene and
comfortable designs.
 Analogous color schemes are often found in nature and are harmonious and pleasing to the eye.
 Make sure you have enough contrast when choosing an analogous color scheme.
 Choose one color to dominate, a second to support. The third color is used (along with black, white or gray) as
an accent.

In this artwork, yellow-orange, yellow, and yellow green is used.

TRIADIC COLOR SCHEME
 A triadic color scheme uses colors that are evenly spaced around the color wheel.
 To use a triadic harmony successfully, the colors should be carefully balanced - let one color dominate and use
the two others for accent.

COMPLEMENTARY COLOR SCHEME

 Colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel are considered to be complementary colors (example:
red and green).
 The high contrast of complementary colors creates a vibrant look especially when used at full saturation.
Complementary colors are tricky to use in large doses, but work well when you want something to stand out.
SPLIT COMPLEMENTARY SCHEME

 The split-complementary color scheme is a variation of the complementary color scheme. In addition to the
base color, it uses the two colors adjacent to its complement.
 This color scheme has the same strong visual contrast as the complementary color scheme, but has less
tension.
DOUBLE COMPLEMENTARY COLOR SCHEME
 The Double-complementary color scheme is a variation of the complementary color scheme. It uses the two
adjacent colors and their opposites.
 This color scheme has the same strong visual contrast as the complementary color scheme.

Processing:
Now that you have done the activity, try to evaluate your output.
Have you done it according to the standard given on the sample?
Did you finished the job neatly or full of erasures and smudges?
To be able to create a good lettering, it is important to pay attention on the form and structure of the letter.

Deepen Activity
After paying attention to the form and structure of the letterslearning the properties of colors and the
color harmonies, let us now deepen our understanding and skill by putting them into practice of
creativeness. Do these coloring is activitiesy applying the color schemes required for each drawing.:
MONOCHROMATICActivity 3
A Gothic lettering can be done a simple way using a column method. Let’s try to draw a simple build-up
Gothic lettering by doing the following procedures:
1 Make the guidelines. But in doing this, make each guide line double.
ANALOGOUS
TRIADIC
SPLIT COMPLEMENTARY
2 Next is to draw a column. The thickness of the column should the same as the guidelines. As an example,
one column is used for drawing capital letter I.

The number of columns to make depends on the structure of the letter. For capital letters C, E, F,and L, use
1column and a line. The distance between column and line depends on the width of the letter. Look at the
sample below.

For capital letters B,D,G,H,J, K,N, O, P, Q, R, S, U, X,and Z, use only 2 columns. Below is a sample for
letters B and S.

For capital letters A,M,T,Y, and V, use 3 columns. Look at the samples below.

3 Now using this technique, try to draw the letters of your nickname. Use only pencil to prepare the
guidelines and columns, then finalize it using a techpen. It’s your option if you like to render your lettering
with colors. Do this on an oslo paper.

Performance Assessment
You activity will be rated based on the following rubric:
Criteria Score
(Tick the
 corresponding pts.)
Accuracy
50
45
40
Speed
10
6
8
Neatness
25
20
15
Lettering/Labeling
15
12
10
8
Total

Performance Criteria:

Accuracy
50 pts - The output is accurately done.
45 pts - Two to five errors are observed on the output.
40 pts. - Six to ten errors are observed on the output.
Speed
10 pts - The output is done 5 minutes before the time.
8 pts - The output is done on time.
6 pts. - The output is done after the allotted time.
Neatness
25 pts. - No errors made on the output.
20 pts - Two to three erasures made on the output.
15 pts - Four or more erasures made on the output.
Lettering/Labeling
15 pts. - All information must be completely indicated and legibly
printed.
10 pts. - Pieces of information are legibly printed but some are
missing.

LESSON 2 : Sketch simple objects

Assessment Criteria
Principle of sketching objects is properly discussed.
Different shapes of objects are correctly identified.
All principles of proportion in sketching simple objects based on commercial standards are explained.
Procedure in sketching is correctly followed.

References:
Technology ang Livelihood Education 8; Phoenix Publishing House; 2013
Carrer Pathways in TLE 9; Sunshine Interlinks Publishing House, Inc.; 2014
3. German M. Manaois. Drafting 1 and 2; Phoenix Publishing:1983
4. Norman Stirling. Introduction to Technical Drawing; Delmar Publishing: 1977

EXPLORE
Sketching is a basic skill to be learned by the student before he will be exposed to higher level of drawing
activities.
Sketching is a preliminary layout or draft before making it into final drawing. This can be done in a light line
forms with the use of sketching tools and materials.
Principles of Sketching Objects
Before doing sketching activities, it is important to know the basic principles in sketching. The following
are:
• Analyze the proportions of the subject.
• Mentally picture out the basic shape of subject.
• Determine the small details on the subject.
• Establish height and width of the subject to be sketched.
• Use the appropriate sketching materials.

The Two Basic Proportions of Object

• Height. It is the distance elevation from bottom to top. Height must be proportioned to the width of
the subject.
• Width. It is the distance from front to rear. Likewise, it should be
proportioned to the height of the subject.

Basic Shapes of Objects

1. Triangle- a closed plane figure bounded by straight sides.
Equilateral- An equilateral triangle has three equal sides and angles. It will always have angles of 60° in
each corner.
Isosceles- An isosceles triangle can be drawn in many different ways. It can be drawn to have two equal
sides and two equal angles or with two acute angles and one obtuse angle.
Scalene- A scalene triangle has three different angles and none of its sides are equal in length.
Right-angled triangle- A right-angled triangle has one 90° angle. That 90° angle is shown as a small
square where two sides of the triangle join.
Obtuse- An obtuse triangle has three different angles, with one angle greater than 90°. None of its sides
are equal in length.
Acute- An acute triangle has angles, each of which measures less than 90°.

2. Quadrilaterals - refers to any four sided plane figures

Parallelogram- a four-sided plane rectilinear figure with opposite sides parallel.
Rectangle- a plane figure with four straight sides and four right angles, especially one with unequal adjacent
sides, in contrast to a square.
Square- a plane figure with four equal straight sides and four right angles.
Rhombus- a parallelogram with opposite equal acute angles, opposite equal obtuse angles, and with unequal
adjacent sides.
Rhomboid- a parallelogram with opposite equal acute angles, opposite equal obtuse angles, and four equal
sides
Trapezoid- a quadrilateral with only one pair of parallel sides.
Trapezium- a quadrilateral with no parallel sides.
Deltoid [kite]- is a quadrilateral with pairs of equal sides.
3. Polygon- it is a plane figure bounded by many sides. A polygon is considered regular if all its sides are of
equal length and all angles are also equal. The name of the polygon depends on the number of sides.
Generally accepted names:

4. Circle. A plane figure bounded by a uniformly curved line equidistant from a common center.

5. Oval. An elliptical figure which shapes originates from the circle.

Jose Rizal Institute
San Vicente, Orion, Bataan
Contact Numbers: (047) 244-4311/0905 361 4184
Website: http://jrischools.com
Email Address: joserizalinstitute@gmail.com
Post Assessment

Name____________________________ Gr./Section________________ Date ___________

Direction: A. Identify the terms referred in the following.

____________________1. It is a preliminary layout or draft before making it into final drawing

____________________2.A polygon with six equal sides.
_____________________3. A quadrilateral with four equal sides and four equal
right angles.
____________________4.A plane figure bounded by a uniformly curved line equidistant from a common
center.
____________________5. A quadrilateral with no parallel sides.
____________________6. A quadrilateral with only one pair of parallel sides..
____________________7. A triangle where all sides and angles are equal.
___________________ 8. A quadrilateral with 2 pairs of sides are equal.
____________________9. This proportion of the object refers to the distance from front to rear.
____________________10. This proportion of the object refers to the distance elevation from bottom to top.

Direction: B. Make a sketch of the following geometrical shapes.

EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE

DELTOID

HEXAGON

CIRCLE
ELLIPSE

LESSON 3 : Perform freehand sketches

Assessment Criteria
Drawing pencils are selected based on specific job requirements.
Proper care and manipulation of drawing tools, materials and equipment are observed and practiced.
Techniques on line exercises are demonstrated according to standard procedure.
Shading techniques are applied making use of appropriate standard specification.
Pencil rendering techniques are applied according to appropriate drawing materials.
Creativity on value scale in shading is applied.

References:
Technology ang Livelihood Education 8; Phoenix Publishing House; 2013
Carrer Pathways in TLE 9; Sunshine Interlinks Publishing House, Inc.; 2014
3. German M. Manaois. Drafting 1 and 2; Phoenix Publishing:1983
4. Norman Stirling. Introduction to Technical Drawing; Delmar Publishing: 1977

EXPLORE
Drawing Principles Freehand and Sketching
Freehand sketches are of great assistance to the designers in organizing their thought and recording
their ideas. They are effective and economical means of formulating various solutions to a given problem so
that a choice can be made between them at the outset. Often, much time can be made between them at the
outset. Much time can be lost if the designer starts his scaled layout before adequate preliminary study with
the aid of sketches. Information concerning changes design, covering replacement of broken parts or lost
drawing, is usually conveyed through sketches.
It is important to select the proper material and tool that depends on the nature of work or type of
drawing presentation you will make.
Drawing Paper- is manufactured in four colors, namely: white, cream, light green and buff. It comes in
different sizes of various sheet thickness.
Pencil- is manufactured in various grades of hardness ranging from 9H, the hardest down to 8B which is the
softest. The lead of pencil is a mixture graphite, clay and wax. The clay makes the lead hard. The harder the
pencil is, the lighter the line is produced.

Pencil points
Pencil points can be shaped into three different points using a sandpaper pad:
Conical Point- it has a pointed tip which can be
used for ordinary sketches of fine lines.
Elliptical Point- it has a rounded tip and is
effectively used for shading or rendering.
Chisel Point- it has flat broad tip especially used for drawing thick lines.

Proper Care and Maintenance of Drawing Tools and Instruments

Keep your instruments and equipment clean.
Wipe the pencil point with a piece of cotton and not with your finger.
keep your drawing tools and instruments in proper places before and
after using.
Basic consideration in freehand sketches
It is necessary to expose the learner in the different line exercises as basic activities in freehand
sketches. The following are the forms of lines:
Horizontal line. It is a line parallel to the horizon or a line that form 180 deg. It is drawn from left to right.

Vertical line. Is a line that can be obtained by suspending plumb and this line form 90 degrees from the
horizontal line. It is drawn from top to bottom.

Inclined line. It is neither horizontal nor vertical line.

Curve line. A line produced by a circular movement.

Importance of Shading in freehand drawing and sketches

Shading is the process of making the visible surfaces of a 3D object by expressing the light exposure and
facing of each surface. It is applied in a variety of tones or values.
The following are the tones or values of shading:
Light Values. This represents the
surface which receive greatest
amount of light.
The Medium Values. This
represents the surface which
receives less amount of light.
Dark Values. This represents the
surface very little amount of
light.
In shading application, the source of light is assumed to be coming
from the upper left-hand corner of the drawing paper and rays of light
are imagined to be inclining at an angle of 45 degrees.

Techniques in Shading Application

Apply the lightest shading on the part of a surface which receives more light.
Shade the portion of a surface which receives less light with medium values.
Shade the portion of a surface which receives little amount of light with a heavy shade.
Methods of shading application
Line shading. A technique of showing the various shades of an
object by using lines.
Stippling. It is applied by dabbing the pencil point or pen to produce
dots on the surface of the object.

Mixed shading. It is called mixed because it applies both the line

and dotted shading. However, the lines and dotted shading must not be
applied to the same surface of the object.

Continuous Tone Shading or Smudge Shading. This is applied by

using the powdered graphite or lead of a pencil.

Note:
Refer to Activity No. 6 for the application of this activity.

Jose Rizal Institute

San Vicente, Orion, Bataan
Contact Numbers: (047) 244-4311/0905 361 4184
Website: http://jrischools.com
Email Address: joserizalinstitute@gmail.com
Post Assessment

Name____________________________ Gr./Section________________ Date ___________

Direction: A. Identification: Write the correct answer in each blank.
____________________1. It is the softest grade of pencil.
____________________2. It is the hardest grade of pencil.
____________________3. It is a line drawn from left to right parallel to the lower edge of the paper.
____________________4. It is a line drawn from top directly downward.
____________________5. This pencil point is used for ordinary sketching purposes.
____________________6. This pencil point is used for drawing thick lines.
B. Enumeration:
7-10 Four methods of shading
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Firm-up Activity
Skill in line exercises is a basic requirement prior to exposing the learner to higher drawing activities
considering that all forms of drawing emanates from a line, it might be horizontal, vertical, inclined, and
curve lines. Do the following activity to practice drawing them by freehand.
Activity 4
Follow these procedures in sketching horizontal, vertical, inclined, and curve lines
Sketch a rectangle at 120 mm x 160 mm.
Divide the rectangle into four equal parts.
Sketch horizontal lines on the first part of the rectangle, start at the left going to the right. You may use ruler,
triangle, or t-square in drawing light lines then draw over them with a heavy line by freehand. (Each line
must have 5mm gap distance).
Sketch vertical lines on the second part of the rectangle. Start at the top down to the bottom. (Each line must
have 5mm gap distance).
Sketch inclined lines on the third part of the rectangle with a downward stroke. (Each line must have 5mm
gap distance).
Sketch curve lines from left to right. (Each line must have 5mm gap distance).
(See figure 3.5)
 Figure 3.5

Deepen Activity
This time let us apply the use of basic lines and shapes to sketch a simple object. Do this activity.
Activity 5
Freehand drawing is executed without the use of mechanical drawing instruments. It is purely done by means
of sketching. Follow these procedures in making freehand drawing:
Prepare the model/object.

Imagine the basic shape from which the model originates and sketch on the appropriate drawing paper.

Analyze the proportion and sketch the temporary line ( width).

WIDTH
Complete the freehand drawing activity.

Darken the final edges and erase the sketching lines. Apply shading.

Name____________________________ Gr./Section________________ Date ___________

Activity 6
DIRECTION: Apply shading on the drawings below.

LINE SHADING

STIPLING

SMUDGING
Performance Assessment
You activity will be rated based on the following rubric:
Criteria Score
(Tick the
corresponding pts.)
Accuracy
50
45
40
Speed
10
6
8
Neatness
25
20
15
Total
LESSON 2 : CREATING POSTERS
Posters are mass produced advertisements or announcements, usually printed on large sheets of paper, for
public display. They usually have commercial purpose to advertise products or publicize entertainment events. They
also occasionally appear as informative public announcements, propaganda instruments, or pure work of arts with no
overt message.
Have you ever wondered how posters came about?

EXPLORE
Posters came into existence in the 15 th century with the invention of the printing press. Usually unillustrated, the
earliest posters carried royal proclamations, municipal decrees, announcement of fairs and markets, and occasionally
advertisements of books. Small woodcut illustrations were used somewhat more frequently in later centuries but in the
19th century, posters began to assume their modern work.

Poster production boomed throughout the first half of the 19 th century, partly due to the development of high
speed printing presses, and posters were used to advertise everything from railroad to corsets to department stores. Also
at this time theatrical posters first appeared often with realistic illustrations of scenes from the advertised plays, operas,
or burlesques.
Other types of posters also became popular as years went by. These include movie and travel posters, non-
commercial posters, and propaganda posters. The principal artistic innovation of the postwar era has been the purely
pictorial poster, which has no advertising or commercial purpose but carries an artistic and aesthetic message.

POSTERS
 It is a designed layout with letterings, illustrations and background.
 Posters ordinarily consists of colorful pictures or pictures along with a short identifying text or trademark.
 It is used either to give a message, instructions, or information which can be interpreted at a glance.
Informative posters:

Commercial posters:

Art (theme) posters:

Propaganda posters:

Promotional posters:

A good poster illustration has the following characteristics:

1. A poster should tell a story.
2. Text and visual message are related.
3. Its center of interest shows action or movement.
4. There should be a minimum of clutter and a maximum of pithy, informative statements, and attractive,
enlightening graphics.
5. The principle of design such as harmony, balance, emphasis, rhythm and proportion are properly applied: the
colors are harmonious; there is a center of interest; the lines and shapes are rhythmical and balanced, and the
parts of the figures are proportional to one another.
6. The poster should not contain a lot of details but rather should be brief. It should leave the reader with a clear
message to take away.
7. If the illustrations are in black and white, they are done with pen-and-ink or with diluted black pigment.

Jose Rizal Institute

San Vicente, Orion, Bataan
Contact Numbers: (047) 244-4311/0905 361 4184
 Website: http://jrischools.com
Email Address: joserizalinstitute@gmail.com
Post Assessment
LO 2: CREATING POSTERS

Name____________________________ Gr./Section________________ Date ___________

I. Direction: Write T if the statement is true or and write M if the statement is false then underline
the word/words which made it false.
A poster is a designed layout with letterings, illustrations and background.
Posters can be used to give a message, instructions, or information which can be interpreted after a thorough
analysis.
Explanatory text should be close to the figure it is explaining.
Text must dominate and graphics should augment rather than overwhelm.
A poster should contain a lot of details.

II. Direction: Write whether the poster is INFORMATIVE, COMMERCIAL, ART,

PROMOTIONAL OR PROPAGANDA.

________________________ ___________________________ _________________________

_____________________________________ _______________________________

Deepen Activity
Using the knowledge acquired in the Elements and Principles of Design and the skills acquired the
Properties of Colors, create a poster expressing your thoughts about the celebration of Christmas in the
midst of the pandemic. Do this activity on an oslo paper with a landscape orientation. You are allowed to
use any coloring medium most comfortable for you. (crayon, oil pastel, colored pencil, colored pen,
watercolor, etc)
 Performance Criteria:

Accuracy
50 pts - The output is accurately done.
45 pts - Two to five errors are observed on the output.
40 pts. - Six to ten errors are observed on the output.
Speed
10 pts - The output is done 5 minutes before the time.
8 pts - The output is done on time.
6 pts. - The output is done after the allotted time.
Neatness
25 pts. - No errors made on the output.
20 pts - Two to three erasures made on the output.
15 pts - Four or more erasures made on the output.

Reflection of Understanding:
I learned that _________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
___ Now I can
_____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
___

ANSWER KEY
Pre-assessment
GOTHIC.
TEXT LETTERING
SPEEDBALL PEN
CAPLINE
EXTENDED
COMPRESSED
Letter W
SQUARE
PENTAGON
QUADRILATERAL
EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE
HORIZONTAL LINE
LINE SHADING
STIPLING
SMUDGE SHADING

Post Assessment
Lesson 1
I.
A
C
W
C
A
II.
Script
Gothic
Roman
Roman
Text
III.[To be checked by the teacher]
Lesson 2
A.
Sketching
Hexagon
Square
Circle
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Equilateral triangle
Rectangle
Width
Height
B.[ To be checked by teacher ]
Lesson 3
8B
9H
Horizontall
Vertical
Conical
Chisel
7-10. Line shading, Stipling, Smudging, Mixed shading

This module is prepared by:

MR. MICHAEL TICO

TLE Teacher
RUBRIC
COLOR
RELEVANCE TO THE THEME
ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF ART
ORIGINALITY

LESSON 3 : CREATING MONOGRAM

How do you tell a story in as little words — or letters — as possible? By creating a
monogram logo!
You surely have seen logo of famous product brands and you can easily identify them even if
they made up only of letters as few as 2-3 letters. What’s interesting about a monogram design is
the sentimental value it carries — the use of letters forms memorable acronyms and a deeper
connection to the company name.
Even you can make your own personalized monogram design carrying your identity once it is
seen by your friends. Let us discover what a monogram is all about.

EXPLORE

MONOGRAM
 motif made by overlapping or combining two or more letters or other graphemes to form one
symbol.
 often made by combining the initials of an individual or a company, used as recognizable
symbols or logos.
  commonly used to represent the initials of a person or business.

What’s interesting about a monogram design is the sentimental value it carries — the use of
letters forms memorable acronyms and a deeper connection to the company name.

TIPS TO REVIEW
GENERAL BEFORE CREATING
ELECTRIC Minnesota Mining
A MONOGRAM LOUIS
LOGO:
Find a distinct typeface and Manufacturing VUITTON
GENERAL
This style ofELECTRIC
logo design requires attentiveness to the typeface you choose. Monogram logos
CorporationHONDA
are all about the letters, so it’s critical to find a typeface that reflects your brand’s personality and
your target audience. MOTORS

Mix it up with a character feature

With a two or three-letter monogram, you can play with the idea of a character feature.

Choose color wisely

Less is more when it comes to the creation of monogram logos. Limit the number of colors
and use no more than two to make the letters of your monogram stand strong.

Experiment with shape and layout

Sure, monogram logos consist of only letters for the most part, but shape does play a
significant role in their overall design — it comes down to the layout of the letters used in a
monogram.
SAMPLE MONOGRAM LAYOUTS:
 HORIZONTAL

 VERTICAL

 INTERLOCKED

 STACKED

 SHAPED

 MIRRORED
FIRM-UP ACTIVITY:
Collect as many monogram logo as you can of famous product brand. Print or cut out and paste them
on any hard paper to make them as a cards. Then find a partner that you will challenge to guess the
brand. The person who gets the highest number of correct answers wins the game.

DEEPEN ACTIVITY:
Now that you have learned the definition, characteristics, and tips in creating a monogram logo, it
now your turn to make your own personalized monogram logo. You may create it by manual
drawing or computer-aided drawing.Here are the samples of my monogram logo which stands for my
name MICHAEL C. TICO.