Aims: [1] To understand BJT differential amplifier configurations: CS, CG, CD and their characteristic parameters: Ad, Acm and CMRR (Common-Mode Rejection Ratio). [2] To understand how to increase the CMRR value. [3] To measure characteristic parameters (Ad, Acm, CMRR) of BJT differential amplifier circuits and to draw the conclusion about the effects of emitter resistor on CMRR.
1. Background - Consider the circuit on figure H1.1, write the formulas for vid, vicm, Ad, Acm, CMRR in two modes: difference-mode and common-mode (output voltage is the voltage at C- terminal of one BJT). Then write the formulas for vo1 (voltage at C-terminal of Q1) and vo2 (voltage at C-terminal of Q2) with respect to v1, v2, Ad and Acm.
- Redo previous steps for the circuit in figure H1.2.
- Based on above formulas, compare two amplifier circuits shown in figure H1.1 and H1.2.
2. Experiment preparation - Review the BJT Differential Pair theories: Microelectronic Circuits 6th Edition, Sedra/Smith, pages 612-628. - Read the Experiment procedure carefully. - Download the datasheet of BJT 2SD468, read it carefully. - Write the experiment preparation, including: Principle schemes of all experiment circuits. Formulas and calculated results (if available). Method for measuring circuit parameters. Photo all the tables in lab manual (in order to record or draw the results immediately while doing the experiments).
4. Experiment procedure 4.1 Determine quiescent point and β - Construct the circuit on figure H3.1a using module BJT differential AMP as shown on figure H3.1b.
- Measure the parameters and fill in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1 - Biasing parameters
VC1 VC2 VB1 VB2 VE IB1 IB2 IC1 IC2 1 2
[V] [V] [mV] [mV] [V] [A] [A] [mA] [mA]
4.2 Differential Amplifier with emitter resistor RE
a. Construct the circuit on figure H3.2a (difference-mode) using module BJT differential AMP as shown on figure H3.2b. b. The frequency of function generator is set to 1kHz, adjust the amplitude to achieve v1pp = v2pp = 50mV. Use the oscilloscope to watch the waveform then fill in Table 4.2a.
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Electronic Circuit Labs Differential Amplifiers
Table 4.2a - Differential Amplifier with emitter resistor - Difference-Mode
v1p-p [mV]
v2p-p [mV] AC
Phase v1 vs v2 [degree] AC
vidp-p [mV]
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Electronic Circuit Labs Differential Amplifiers
Table 4.2a - Differential Amplifier with emitter resistor - Difference-Mode
vicmp-p [mV]
vo1p-p [V] AC
Phase v1 vs vo1 [degree] AC
vo2p-p [V]
Phase vo1 vs vo2 [degree]
Ad AC [V/V]
AC
c. Construct the circuit on figure H3.2c (common-mode) using module BJT differential AMP as shown on figure H3.2d. d. The frequency of function generator is set to 1kHz, adjust the amplitude to achieve v1pp = v2pp = 1V. Use the oscilloscope to watch the waveform then fill in Table 4.2b. e. From the measured results, calculate CMRR (dB).
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Electronic Circuit Labs Differential Amplifiers
Table 4.2b - Differential Amplifier with emitter resistor - Common-Mode
v1p-p [V]
v2p-p [V] AC
Phase v1 vs v2 [degree] AC
vidp-p [mV]
vicmp-p [mV]
vo1p-p AC [V]
Phase v1 vs vo1 [degree] AC
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Electronic Circuit Labs Differential Amplifiers
Table 4.2b - Differential Amplifier with emitter resistor - Common-Mode
vo2p-p [V]
Phase vo1 vs vo2 AC [degree]
Acm [V/V] AC
4.3 Differential Amplifier with Constant Current Source
a. Construct the circuit on figure H3.3a using module BJT differential AMP as shown on figure H3.3b.
b. Adjust VR1 so that the voltages at C-terminals of Q1 and Q2 are equal to those measured in Table 4.1 (in order to keep the quiescent point unchanged). Keep the value of VR unchanged during the rest of this experiment.
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Electronic Circuit Labs Differential Amplifiers
c. Construct the circuit on figure H3.3c (difference-mode) using module BJT differential AMP as shown on figure H3.3d.
d. The frequency of function generator is set to 1kHz, adjust the amplitude to achieve v1pp = v2pp = 50mV. Use the oscilloscope to watch the waveform then fill in Table 4.3a.
Table 4.3a - Differential Amplifier with Constant Current Source - Difference-Mode
v1p-p [mV]
v2p-p [mV] AC
Phase v1 vs v2 [degree] AC
vidp-p [mV]
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Electronic Circuit Labs Differential Amplifiers
Table 4.3a - Differential Amplifier with Constant Current Source - Difference-Mode
vicmp-p [mV]
vo1p-p [V] AC
Phase v1 vs vo1 [degree] AC
vo2p-p [V]
Phase vo1 vs vo2 [degree]
Ad AC [V/V]
AC
e. Construct the circuit on figure H3.3e (common-mode) using module BJT differential AMP as shown on figure H3.3f. f. The frequency of function generator is set to 1kHz, adjust the amplitude to achieve v1pp = v2pp = 1V. Use the oscilloscope to watch the waveform then fill in Table 4.3b. g. From the measured results, calculate CMRR (dB).
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Electronic Circuit Labs Differential Amplifiers
Table 4.3b - Differential Amplifier with Constant Current Source - Common-Mode
v1p-p [V]
v2p-p [V] AC
Phase v1 vs v2 [degree] AC
vidp-p [mV]
vicmp-p [mV]
vo1p-p AC [V]
Phase v1 vs vo1 [degree] AC
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Electronic Circuit Labs Differential Amplifiers
Table 4.3b - Differential Amplifier with emitter resistor - Common-Mode
vo2p-p [V]
Phase vo1 vs vo2 AC [degree]
Acm [V/V] AC
5. Further questions for the experiment report
- Analysis and compare experiment results with calculated results. - Compare two types of bias circuits: with emitter resistor and with constant current source.
