THE NATURE OF PHILOSOPHY highest synthesis of all sciences dealing

- Mother of all sciences with man, nature and God. It is also

- The love of wisdom considered as the mother of all sciences
- Question is important- dun nag start because of its very vast scope and subject
ang lahat, dito maintindihan natin matter.
ang mga branches kung saan 3. IN THEIR ULTIMATE CAUSE, because
makakatulong as student is asks and answers not only facts and
proximate causes but also the deepest
causes of things.- MAY MALALIM NA
DAHILAN BAT INAARAL NATIN ISANG
BAGAY

4. THROUGH THE AID OF THE HUMAN

INTELLECT ALONE, because philosophy
uses natural reason and not Divine
Revelation of the recourse to the Bible; it is
- Distinguish character as we
the product of one's own thinking and
verbalize our thought
not of imagination or fantasy.- HINDI
PWEDE SPIRITUALIZE ANG LAHAT NG
Nominal Definition of Philosophy
BAGAY
•Philosophy comes from the Greek word
philo, meaning friend and Sophia, meaning
THE RELATIONSHIP OF PHILOSOPHY
wisdom. It means "the love of wisdom,"
TO SCIENCE.
or "a friend of wisdom."
• Philosophy and Science are alike. They
Gentles (more on wisdom) and jews
are both interested in knowledge. Both of
(science and wonders)
them are fields on inquiry and
investigation. Both seek to ask questions
Real Definition
and determine answers to these questions.
- Philosophy is the science of all that
A. SCIENCE- seeks knowledge of facts.
exist in their ultimate cause through
B. PHILOSOPHY - seeks ultimate
the aid of the human intellect alone.-
knowledge
hindi lang mapupulot kung saan
Therefore, Philosophy takes full awareness
saan. may systematic body and
in the findings of science because Science
knowledge
seeks to determine facts and facts are its
end products.
ELEMENTS IN THE DEFINITION OF
PHILOSOPHY
VALUE OF PHILOSOPHY
• The value of philosophy is in fact to be
1. IT IS SCIENCE, a systematic body of
sought largely in its very uncertainty.
knowledge which is not only based on
Philosophy is to be studied, but not for the
opinions, hypothesis and theories, but ideal
sake of finding definite answers to its
knowledge.
questions, since no definite answer can, as
2. OF BEINGS, Everything that exists, or
a rule, be known to be true. Rather, it is
may exist, of everything knowable. It is the
studied for the sake of the question - Arts of correct thinking
themselves, because these questions
enlarge our conception of what is possible "The problem with humans are they seldom
and thus enrich our intellectual imagination. think, remember that humans are not only
plain thinking but thinking correctly and
logically."
TYPES OF PHILOSOPHY
PHILOSOPHY is basically divided into two NOMINAL DEFINITION
major types: PURE Philosophy and LOGIC comes from the Greek word logos,
applied Philosophy which means thought, word, speech or
science.
I. Pure Philosophy
REAL DEFINITION
1. Metaphysics - The philosophical LOGIC is order and consistency. It is the
study of essence & existence of science of those principles, laws and
beings. Saan nagsimula lahat methods which the mind of man must
2. Cosmology - The philosophical follow in its thinking for the secure and
study of the material world in accurate attainment of truth.
connection to the order of the
universe. Di lang basta andyan, may In short, "LOGIC IS THE SCIENCE AND
beauty ART OF CORRECT THINKING"
3. Anthropology - The philosophical
study of man with regard to the
union of the body & soul. Kultura ng THINKING
tao • LOGIC deals with the acts of mind - the
4. Rational Psychology - The mental process THINKING. most of the
philosophical study of the immaterial time, it is associated with some mental
soul as the life principle of every processes like memorizing, recall and the
living being. We try to explain things like. Others may say that imagining and
5. Theodicy - The philosophical study daydreaming are thinking, but these are not
of God. the kind of thinking that we consider in
6. Epistemology - The philosophical LOGIC.
study of human knowledge with
regard to the certainty of truth. According to Corazon Cruz (1995), there
Sariling paniniwala, dapat may basis are two criteria for a mental process to be
para maprove ang sariling considered thinking:
paniniwala 1.When the objective is TRUTH
7. Ethics - the philosophical study of 2. When the truth we have becomes the
morality. nucleus of further knowledge
8. Logic - The science and art of THINKING is the process of drawing out
correct thinking. conclusions from previously known data.
We call it REASONING or INFERENCE
CHAPTER 2: THE BASIC OF LOGIC
- Fundamental
CORRECT THINKING is the process of
thinking or reasoning that follows the right
procedure. However, this reasoning may not
always be true. Logic does not investigate
the truth as the certainty of the data but
rather focuses on the correct operation of
thinking. CORRECT THINKING and TRUE
KNOWLEDGE are two different things.
TRUE KNOWLEDGE deals with knowledge
which conforms to reality.

THE FORMAL OBJECT OF LOGIC

Logic deals with reasoning. The soundness
or reasoning is the one that is important.
The first concern of logic is validity. It leads
man in the search for truth from the known
towards the unknown and from the easiest
towards the most difficult. An argument is
sound when it is both valid and true.