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Introduction To C Programming

C programming is a general-purpose programming language that allows programmers to create executable programs and libraries. It includes standard programming elements like variables, data types, operators, flow control statements, functions and arrays. A basic C program includes header files, main function, and return statement. C code is typically compiled into binary machine code before execution. Common operators include arithmetic, relational, logical and bitwise operators.

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19 views

Introduction To C Programming

C programming is a general-purpose programming language that allows programmers to create executable programs and libraries. It includes standard programming elements like variables, data types, operators, flow control statements, functions and arrays. A basic C program includes header files, main function, and return statement. C code is typically compiled into binary machine code before execution. Common operators include arithmetic, relational, logical and bitwise operators.

Uploaded by

Sovann Doeur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is C programming?

C programming
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()

printf("Hello world!\n");

return 0;

}
Source Binary
Compiler
Code Code

.
Operator Action
– Subtraction

+ Addition

* Multiplication

/ Division

% Modulus

–– Decrement

++ Increment
Operator Action

> Greater than

>= Greater than or equal

< Less than

<= Less than or equal

== Equal

!= Not equal
Logical Operators Bitwise Operators

Operator Action Operator Action

&& AND & AND

|| OR | OR

! NOT ^ Exclusive OR (XOR)

~ One's complement (NOT)

>> Shift right

<< Shift left


Data_type varible1;
int number;
Data_type variable2;
Example
char character;
Data_type variable3;
: :
float weight;
: :
: :
Data_type variable n;
Conversion Character Displays Argument (Variable’s Contents) As
%c Single character
%d Signed decimal integer (int)

%e Signed floating-point value in E notation

%f Signed floating-point value (float)

%g Signed value in %e or %f format, whichever is shorter

%i Signed decimal integer (int)

%o Unsigned octal (base 8) integer (int)

%s String of text
%u Unsigned decimal integer (int)

%x Unsigned hexadecimal (base 16) integer (int)

%% (percent character)
1. If()…..else Statement

if (condition 1 is met)
{
do Task A
}
else if (condition 2 is met)
{
do Task B
}
else if (condition 3 is met)
{
do Task C
}
else
{
do Task D
}
If()….else Demo
2. The ternary operator (?)

The ? : operator is just like an if ... else statement

? : takes the following form:

? : is a ternary operator in that it takes three values

if condition is true ? then X return value : otherwise Y value


The ternary operator (?) test code
3. Switch Statement

The syntax of a switch statement is as follows:


switch (variable used for switching)
{
case firstCase:
do A;
break;

case secondCase:
do B;
break;

default:
do C;
break;
}
Switch Statement Demo
There are 3 types of loop in C programming language, namely:

1. for loop

2. while loop

3. do…while loop
1. for( ) loop
The for statement executes a block of code repeatedly until the test condition
is no longer valid.

The syntax for a for statement is as follows:

for (initial value ; test condition ; update)

//Do Some Task

}
for( ) loop Demo
while (condition test) { //Statements to be executed repeatedly // Increment (++) or Decrement (--) Operation }

2. while( ) loop

A while statement repeatedly executes instructions inside the loop while a certain

condition remains valid.


The structure of a while statement is as follows:

while (condition test)


{
//statement to be executed
//increment / decrement
}
while( ) loop Demo
3. do…while( ) loop

The do-while statement is similar to the while statement with one main

difference - the code within the curly braces of a do-while statement is

executed at least once.

do{

//Statements

while(condition test);
do…while loop Demo
The general form of a function is :

Return_Type Function_Name (Parameters)


{
Local Variable Declaration;

Logic;

Executable Statement 1;

……
}
There are two methods to pass the data into the function in C language :

1. Pass by value

In pass by value method, the value of the actual parameters is copied into the formal

parameters. In other words, we can say that the value of the variable is used in the

function call in the call by value method.

2. Pass by referent

In call by reference, the address of the variable is passed into the function call as the actual

parameter.
Pass by value example
Pass by referent example
Arrays a kind of data structure that can store a fixed-size sequential collection of

elements of the same type.

The general form for declaring a single-dimension array is :

data_type array_name [size]

Example : int number[20];

char letter[30];
Single dimension array code example
The general form for declaring a two-dimension array is :

data_type array_name [row][column];

Example :

int grades [5][5];


Research yourself for more information

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