CRITICAL EVALUATION AND PROMOTION OF LOCAL AND ORAL

HISTORY OF THE MUSEUMS,HISTORICAL SHRINE,CULTURAL

PERFORMANCES,INDIGENOUS PRACTICES,RELIGIOUS RITES AND
RITUALS

The different museums found in the Philippines and its significance, the
historical shines found in the Philippines, cultural Performance, indigenous
practices and the religious rites and rituals. Some Museum’s that are found in
the Philippines that reflects the culture and tradition and the life style of the
Filipino: Aguinaldo Shrine, Baliuag Museum and Library, Capas National
Shrine, Casa Santa Museum, Expo Pilipino, Las Casas Filipinas de Acuzar,
Clark Museum and 4D Theater, Gen. Paciano Rizal Shrine, Marcelo H. Del
Pilar National Shrine, Marcos Museum and Mausoleum, Mount Samat
National Shrine,Museo de Iloko, Museum of the Women of Malolos, Villa
Escudero Museum, Balay Negrense,Bernardino Jalandoni Museum, Bohol
National Museum, Cathedral Museum of Cebu, Dizon-
Ramos Museum, Fort San Pedro, Jose R. Gullas Halad Museum, Jumalon
Museum, Butterfly Sanctuary and Art Gallery, Magdalena Jalandoni Museum
and Historical Shrine, Museo Iloilo,Museo Sugbo, Museo negrense de la
salle, Negros Museum, University of San Carlos Museum and Rizal Shrine.

The Idea and the short history excerpt from the work of Guyana Workshop,
Public Lecture, May 17, 1999 Museums, Peace, Democracy and Governance
in the 21st Century – Post Conference Workshop. The study shows the short
history of the museum and the functions and significance of the museum
today's and how it gives education from the past. “Museums have a long
history going back to the 3rd century B.C., when the first known museum was
opened in the University of Alexandria in Egypt. Over the years, however, the
museum culture has spread to nearly every part of the world and today it has
become uncommon to find any country that does not have a museum, no
matter how small it may be.This implies that the concept of the museum has
become a global concept that has survived the 20th century. The traditional
role of museums is to collect objects and materials of cultural, religious and
historical importance, preserve them, research into them and present them to
the public for the purpose of education and enjoyment. The early museums
were elitist, uninspiring and aloof as they encouraged only the educated
people to visit them. The general public were excluded. This focus has today
become too narrow and unacceptable in a changing world where there is
sustained glamour for more openness, pragmatism and collective involvement
in dealing with issues that impact on people, communities and nations”

“Education is critical for development. Education that is devoid of the

cultures of the people in the society is empty and incomplete. One of the
fundamental objectives of the museum is to educate, and it is only the
museum that has the capacity and the ability to impart cultural education
effectively as it houses the tools and materials for doing so in its collections. In
Modern society,museums enrich educational process by exposing children
and indeed the public in their history in a positive way“For a people to live in
peace and happiness, there must be unity. Museums do promote unity in the
society by using their resources to ensure understanding and appreciation for
the various groups and cultures that exist in that society. Peace is essential
for happiness and joy
in the family, in the community, in the society, in the nation and in the world.
Our world is troubled in many ways today and peace is threatened so often
because people do not understand their neighbor’s. Conflict resolution and
reconciliation are essential elements for the attainment of sustainable peace
and unity.” “Museums should use their collections in promoting a better
understanding of the collective heritage of the people in the Philippines, which
will have the effect of fostering the commonality of those things that unite the
nation and its people. They can, through their program mes and activities,
reconcile the various interests in the society for the collective good of the
nation; they can use their unique positions to reach the conscience of the
nation and to foster dialogue, and they can become rallying points for the
country in ensuring that peace is enthroned.“
“On a broader perspective, museums can promote cultural diplomacy that will
engender greater understanding between peoples and nations. A properly
packaged cultural diplomacy programme will promote the best in the
Philippines to the wider world and foster a free flow of knowledge and a
wholesome exchange of cultural materials and ideas with other nations of the
world. This programme will also create a sense of pride and purpose among
the people of the Philippines, who will better appreciate the fact that they too
have a contribution to make to encourage peace, unity and understanding in
the communities of the larger world.”
The Way Forward

Historical Shrines

“Shrines are found in many country in the world’s religions, including

Christianity,Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Chinese folk religion, Shinto, and
Asatru as well as in secular and non-religious settings such as a war
memorial. Shrines can be found in various settings, such as churches,
temples, cemeteries, museums, or in the home, although portable shrines are
also found in some cultures.” “National Shrines are historic sites or objects
hallowed or honored for their history or association.”
“The Philippines is full of museums caring for the collection of artifacts and
other objects of scientific, artistic, cultural, or historical importance which
makes them available for public viewing through exhibits. The largest and
most visited museums in the Philippines are located in major cities of Metro
Manila, although there are also interesting museums in some provinces. Here
is the list of the top ten most visited museums in the Philippines.”

UST Museum

“Started as Gabinete de Fisica, an observation of mineral, botany, and biology

collections in the 17th century, it is used as classroom materials for the
courses in science especially in Medicine and Pharmacy.
The University of Santo Tomas Museum, known to be the oldest existing
museum in the Philippines, is proud of its vast collection. Preserved for over
three
hundred years in the Main Building, the collections grew with the inclusion of
significant cultural objects and artifacts. UST Museum is honored to present
cultural artifacts considered indigenous to the Philippines. These are
categorized into tribal musical instruments; three dimensional artifacts; house
hold wares and daily life; weaponry; brass and metal crafts; wares and burial
jars.”
Rizal Shrine’s

Are you familiar with Cultural Performance in the Philippines?

Nations on the planet have their own societies made more vivid, delightful and
lively as a result of Folk Dances that are impression of their identity. In the
east, the Chinese have their emblematic Dragon Dance, the Japanese have
the genealogical move Bon Odori. In the west the Americans have their
Square Dance. Then again, the Philippines won't be deserted. "The Pearl of
The Orient" gloat of an assortment of Filipino Folk Dances. The Philippines
comprise of 7107 islands, and is separated in three gatherings of islands. The
Luzon, Mindano, and Visayas. Every one of these areas contain distinctive
dialects, history, religion, and customs. With every district having diverse
impact in their specialties, artworks,and precursor moves. We should travel
through every area and investigate the diverse styles,ensembles, Dances and
Talents from Each Region. As we investigate every one of the areas and
styles, please recollect a great deal of these Cultural and Folk moves speaks
to hardships and day by day extremely difficult assignments that has
transformed into a fine art. A considerable lot of the moves you will read about
here were genuine exercises or tasks that the Filipino persevered to survive
the poor economy and condition of the country.

Traditions and Heritage - Luzon Region

Luzon is comprising of the clans, for example, Ifugao,

Benquet,Kalinga,Bontoc, Apayo,Kalinga, some of the time these are call
Igorot. “But some of the time that is viewed as corrupting." Cordillerea name
additionally utilized for a few sections the Luzon Region.Northern most locale
of the Philippines, Luzon gets its Cultural impact from Hindu-Buddist,Spanish
and numerous ethnic regions clans. All with contrasts and convictions. Be that
as it may, in all the Cultural and Folk Dances from this district speaks to every
single distinctive group in one way or the other.
* Dance: Idaw

“This move in some cases has numerous names and distinctive variants.
Most regular is this move delineates the chasing custom performed before an
ancestral war. The clan's men would go out and gaze upward and look for the
terrified Idaw Birds. Which is said to lead the clan to triumph. Likewise take a
gander at the garments, Philippines being an exceptionally hot atmosphere, in
addition to the utilization of as meager material as could reasonably be
expected, the conventional garments was not made to cover a significant part
of the body.”

* Dance: Banga

”This move shows the Igorot ladies on their way to the stream to bring the day
by day water supply for their families. It demonstrates the aptitude and quality
of the ladies as they would convey overwhelming loaded mud pots (Banga)
brimming with water. Their elegance and dexterity while adjusting the
overwhelming pots, once in a while stacks 5 high, is a confirmation of the
Filipino and how hardships turn into a fine art and ability. As a young
lady you would begin with just a single pot. Obviously as you wind up more
seasoned and more experienced, alongside the way that you could give more
water to your family in one trek. Pots could be stacked as high as 5 or 6. The
more pots you could convey demonstrated your expertise and furthermore
you remaining among the ladies of that zone. They would all accumulate and
walk to the stream every day, singing a local melody which is spoken to by the
flute and slamming of bamboo into press pots in the dance.”

* Dance: Idudu

“The family is the fundamental structure of family life among the

Itneg/Tinggian people. The watching over the Children is shared by both the
mother and father. While the men are clearing the fields, breaking the dirt with
bamboo and their feet, the ladies watch the youngsters. Before long as the
men are done, they deal with the kids while the ladies do extremely difficult
work. You can find in the move how the ladies will take the bamboo
containers in a shaking style like drying the rice, while the men are going in
hovers in foundation like they are drudging the land. At that point you will see
the ladies put down the
bushels overlap the material into an infant while the spouse stands aside. At
that point the ladies will turn over the infant to the spouse, get the bamboo
and begin worked the land while the men hold and support the babys.”

* Dance: Ragsaksakan
“The word signifies "Merriment". This move would be performed after an
effective scout and furthermore for a peace settlement between waring tribles.
The beautiful hand woven "covers of life" are worn around the neck while
bushels to convey create or rice are worn upon the head. A few variants of
this move utilize the "Banga" rather than the crate.”

Pride and Honor - Mindanao Region

Mindanao is the southernmost district of The Philippines. Being the second

biggest island inthe Philippines, its Culture comprises of generally Muslium or
“Moro " individuals, likewise made out of other ethnic gatherings, for example,
the Maranao, Tausug, Banguingui, and indigenous clans known as Lumad.
You will see a lot of Arabian, and Middle Eastern impact in their ensembles
and moves.

* Dance : Singkil

“Sinkil move takes its name from the rings worn on the lower legs of the
Muslim princess.Perhaps a standout among the most prepared of really
Filipino moves, the Singkil relates the epic legend of the "Darangan" of the
Maranao people of Mindanao. This epic, made sooner or later in the
fourteenth century, relates the basic story of Princess Gandingan, who was
gotten in the midst of a woods in the midst of a tremor caused by the diwatas,
or sprites
or pixie of the Bamboo“The musical applauding of bungled bamboo posts
speak to the trees that were falling, which she smoothly stays away from. Her
slave steadfastly goes with her all through her trial. At last, she is spared by
the ruler. Artists wearing grave faces and keeping up a noble posture being
moving at a moderate pace which soon advances to a quicker rhythm skillfully
control apir, or fans which speak to the breezes that turn out to be favorable.
The artists weave expertly through crisscrossed bamboos.”
* Dance : Kini Kini

“Kini implies the Royal Walk. Maranao ladies played out this hit the dance
floor with scarves.The excellence of the scarve and the ability and elegance in
which it is shown. Demonstrates their world class social childhood.”

* Dance : Pangalay

“A pangalay native to the Badjao, sometimes known as the "Sea Gypsies."

Pangalay is a move that emphasizes the deftness of the stomach zone. The
melodic skip of the shoulder with simultaneous trading waving of arms are the
fundamental advancement of this move. The pangalay is normally performed
at weddings and different gatherings. You will in like manner watch a couple
of segments of the Sinkgil in this move besides. Another bit of this move is in
like manner called the Muslium four Bamboos.”

* Dance : Asik

“This is performed by a performance madien, enhanced with fine dabs and

make up, long head scarf. She would move to win the support of her Sultan
ace. Numerous time the young ladies would move to win the hearts of her lord
or to compensate for a wrong she had done. She would give her entire
essence into this execution to mellow the core of her lord to
acknowledge her.”

LOVE OF LIFE AND COUNTRY - VISAYAS REGION

Visayas being the Central Island of The Philippines, Visayas is likewise

separated into three areas. Focal, Eastern, Western. Comprising of
Austronesians, Negritos, these we Animist Tribal Group. Numerous others
clans from around encompassing island would come after the destruction or
separate of thier clans. Visayas turned into a mixture for a wide range of
Tribes
and Cultural backgrounds. You will discover Arbian, Spanish, and some
Western impacts in the moves of this locale. You will see that the moves of
the Visayas are more playful and energizing, less in Drama and innate
implications as different districts.

* Dance : Sayaw Sa Banko

“This move is local to the barrio of Pangapisan, Lingayen, Pangasinan, and
requests aptitude from its entertainers who must move over a seat about six
inches wide.”

* Dance : Tinikling

“Tinikling is viewed as the national folkdance with a couple of artists bouncing

between two bamboo posts held simply over the ground and struck together
so as to music. Begun from Leyte Province, this move is in truth a copy
development of "tinikling flying creatures"bouncing over trees, grass stems or
over bamboo traps set by ranchers. Artists play out this hit the dance floor
with noteworthy elegance and speed hopping between bamboo shafts.”

* Dance : Subli

“The expression "subli" is from two tagalog words "subsub" which means
falling on head and "bali", which implies broken. Subsequently, the artists give
off an impression of being faltering and abnormal all through the move. This
variant is initially a custom move of the locals of Bauan, Batangas, which is
appeared amid holidays as a stately love move to the town's symbol, the
blessed cross.”

* Dance : Maglalatik

“Initially performed in Binan, Laguna as a deride war move that exhibits a

battle between the Moros and the Christians over the prized latik or coconut
meat amid the Spanish administer, this move is likewise appeared to pay
tribute to the town's supporter holy person, San Isidro Labrador. It has a four-
section execution, for example, the palipasan and the baligtaran
demonstrating the extreme fight, the paseo and the escaramusa-the
compromise.
Moro artists wear read pants while the Christian artists appear in blue. All
artists are male;with bridles of coconut shells connected on their chests,
backs, thighs and hips.”

Philippine Culture: Tribal Groups of the Philippines

Badjao

The clan of Badjao dwells in the islands of Sulu, one of the islands in
Mindanao. They are ocean faring individuals. They are known for their
imaginatively woven, beautiful sails. A greater part of the Badjaos rehearse
Islam, while a couple of them have carnal convictions. Regardless they have
confidence in a medium, a man interceding amongst them and the divine
beings.

Igorots

The Igorots are contained numerous clans that live in the Cordillera mountain
ranges. They are known to be rice-cultivators. Truth be told, the Ifugaos, an
assortment of the Igorot clan assembled the Banaue Rice Terraces, a
standout amongst the most well known recorded and building attract Ilongot
This clan lives in the east heaps of Luzon called Sierra Madre. Numerous
anthropologists and history specialists observe the Ilongot society to intrigue.
There is uniformity amongst people, and the two guardians for the most part
take protective parts.

Lumad
Lumad is a term used to allude to the clans containing the eastern parts of
Mindanao. They are known for inborn music that influences utilization of
special instruments they to have developed.

Mangyan

The Mangyans of Mindoro are a standout amongst the most well known clans
in the Philippines. Among all the current clans in the Philippines, they have
the biggest populace. They hone antiquated chasing and animalist religious
perspectives, albeit around 10% have been changed over to Christianity.

Palawan Tribes

The locale of Palawan is house to various clans. Palawan is one of the areas
in the Philippines that has not totally grasped urbanism, hence influencing it to
flawless as living arrangement to a considerable lot of the indigenous
individuals. The majority of the Palawan clans live on angling and chasing.

Tumadok
The Tumadok clan is likely one of the not very many clans existing in the
Visayas district. They for the most part dwell in the Panay Island. They have
kept their conventions entirely up to this point, likely in view of their
topographical area. They are isolated from alternate occupants with a
progression of mountain ranges.
It is awesome to see that there are as yet a significant number of these
existent clans in the Philippines. While they become less and less in number
since some clan individuals grasp advancement, a considerable lot of these
clans endeavor to keep their social conventions alive. A large portion of the
clans keep their conventions through workmanship. For example, the Igorots
still do cultivating and development, and a large portion of them wear their
woven material outfit. The Ifugaos are particularly appealing to numerous
Filipinos and outsiders in light of their surprising outfit, particularly the guys
who wear something like a G-string.
The Badjaos are known for their vivid sails and even as of not long ago, you
would see their water crafts imaginatively cruising in the The Philippine
government applied exertion in ensuring the recorded terrains of these
clans.Amid the late World War time frame, a considerable lot of these clans
lost their properties to real estate brokers. Along these lines, their populace
made a sudden drop. So as to hold their wonderful culture, the legislature
expanded help in protecting ancient rarities and proceeding with their
conventions. In the past it was very difficult to do, yet with the assistance of
Non-government associations (NGOs), the clans could join advancement and
still keep their conventions alive.
On the off chance that you are flying out to the Philippines, you presumably
would see a couple of these clans. The Igorots of the Cordillera normally
connect with individuals. Be that as it may, a few clans like the Mangyans of
Mindoro are separated in their properties and you need to movement to them
on the off chance that you need to see their methods for living.Numerous
outsiders appreciate submerging in their uncommon culture due to its
multifaceted nature and uniqueness. The Philippines is comprised of more
than 7,100 islands. With such a large number of islands and more than 16
locales, we have various types of social practices. Despite the fact that we
customarily take after most practices since the pre-Spanish period however
stay aware of the cutting edge rehearses, a few indigenous clans have figured
out how to keep their social character alive.
A significant number of the clans in the Philippines still live in their unique
genealogical land and practice customs, while most present day Filipinos
keep just the qualities like accommodation, cherish for family and God. Here
are a couple of the indigenous clans that have kept the way of life of the
Filipinos.

Religious Rites and Rituals

The Philippines gladly gloats to be the main Christian country in Asia. In

excess of 86 percent of the populace is Roman Catholic, 6 percent have a
place with different nationalized Christian factions, and another 2 percent
have a place with well more than 100 Protestant categories. Notwithstanding
the Christian lion's share, there is an enthusiastic 4 percent Muslim minority,
focused on the southern islands of Mindanao, Sulu, and Palawan. Scattered
in separated uneven locales, the rest of the 2 percent take after non Western,
indigenous convictions and practices. The Chinese minority, albeit
measurably irrelevant, has been socially compelling in shading Filipino
Catholicism with a significant number of the convictions and practices of
Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. The pre-Hispanic conviction
arrangement of Filipinos comprised of a pantheon of divine beings, spirits,
animals, and men that watched the streams, fields, trees, mountains,
backwoods, and houses.
Bathala, who made earth and man, was better than these different divine
beings and spirits.

General penances and supplications were offered to assuage these divinities

and spirits-some of which were generous, some malignant. Wood and metal
pictures spoke to genealogical spirits, and no refinement was made between
the spirits and their physical image. Reward or discipline after death was
needy upon conduct in this life. Any individual who had presumed control over
the heavenly and regular was naturally raised to a place of unmistakable
quality. Each town had its offer of shamans and ministers who intensely
utilized their abilities and carried on custom curing. Numerous picked up
prestige for their capacityo create anting, an appeal ensured to make a man
invulnerable notwithstanding humanfoes. Different magicians devised love
mixtures or created talismans that made their proprietors imperceptible. Upon
this indigenous religious base two remote religions were presented - Islam
and Christianity - and a procedure of social adjustment and union started that
is as yet developing. Spain acquainted Christianity with the Philippines in
1565 with the landing of Miguel Lopez de Legaspi. Prior, start in 1350, Islam
had been spreading northward from Indonesia into the Philippine archipelago.
When the Spanish touched base in the sixteenth century, Islam was solidly
settled on Mindanao and Sulu and had stations on Cebu and Luzon. At the
season of the Spanish entry, the Muslim regions had the most astounding and
most politically incorporated culture on the islands and, given additional time,
would
likely have brought together the whole archipelago. Carrying on their recorded
convention of removing the Jews and Moros [Moors] from Spain (a pledge to
dispensing with any non Christians), Legaspi immediately scattered the
Muslims from Luzon and the Visayan islands and started the procedure of
Christianization. Strength over the Muslims on Mindanao and Sulu,
nonetheless, was never accomplished amid three centuries of Spanish run
the show.Amid American control in the principal half of this century the
Muslims were never completely placated amid the supposed "Moro Wars."
Since freedom, especially in the most recent decade, there has been
opposition by vast sections of the Muslim populace to national mix. Numerous
vibe, with worthy motivation, that reconciliation adds up to social and mental
destruction. For more than ten years the Moro National Liberation Front has
been pursuing a war of severance against the Marcos government. While
Islam was contained in the southern islands, Spain vanquished and changed
over the rest of the islands to Hispanic Christianity.

The Spanish only from time to time needed to fall back on military power to
prevail upon changes over, rather the great show of ceremony and condition,
administrative clothing, pictures, supplications, and sacrament pulled in the
provincial people. To shield the populace from Muslim slave bandits, the
general population were resettled from detached scattered villages and
brought "debajo de las companas" (under the ringers), into Spanish
composed
pueblos. This set an example that is apparent in current Philippine Christian
towns. These pueblos had both common and religious expert; the
predominant power amid the Spanish time frame was in the hands of the ward
minister. The congregation, arranged on a focal-court, turned into the locus of
town life. Masses, admissions, immersions, funerals, relational unions
punctuated the dreariness of regular schedules. The congregation timetable
set the pace and cadence of day by day life as indicated by celebration and
formal seasons. Commercial centers and cockfight pits jumped up close
church dividers. Talk and merchandise were traded and villagers discovered
"both limitation and discharge under the ringers." The aftereffects of 400 long
periods of Catholicism were blended - running from a profound religious
comprehension by the informed tip top to a more shallow comprehension by
the rustic and urban masses. The last is usually alluded to as Filipino people
Christianity, joining a surface facade of Christian monotheism and creed with
indigenous animism. It might show itself in agriculturists looking for religious
gifts on their rice seed before planting or in the arrangement of a bamboo
cross at the comer of a rice field to avert harm by creepy crawlies. It might
likewise appear as a society healer utilizing Roman Catholic images and
sacrament blended with pre-Hispanic ceremonies. At the point when the
United States assumed control over the Philippines in the principal half of the
century, the defenses for colonizing were to Christianize and democratize.
The inclination was
that these objectives could be accomplished just through mass training (up
until the point when then instruction was saved for a little world class). A large
portion of the educators who went to the Philippines were Protestants,
numerous were even Protestant priests. There was a solid bias among a
portion of these educators against Catholics. Since this Protestant gathering
founded and controlled the arrangement of state funded training in the
Philippines amid the American provincial time frame, it applied a solid impact.
In this way they adjust has moved to reflect significantly more grounded
impact by the Catholic lion's share. Amid the time of furnished defiance to
Spain, a nationalized church was sorted out under Gregorio Aglipay, who was
made "Otherworldly leader of the Nation under Arms." Spanish religious
administrators were ousted and captured, and church property was swung
over to the Aglipayans. In the early piece of the twentieth century the
quantities of Aglipayans crested at 25 to 33 percent of the populace. Today
they have declined to around 5 percent and are related with the Protestant
Episcopal Church of the United States. Another powerful nationalized
Christian organization is the lglesia ni Kristo, started around 1914 and
established by Felix Manolo Ysagun. Alongside the Aglipayans and Iglesia ni
Kristo, there have been a multiplication of Rizalist factions, guaranteeing the
martyred legend of Philippine patriotism, Jose B. Rizal as the second child of
God and a rebirth of Christ. Pioneers of these orders themselves frequently
claim to be resurrections of Rizal, Mary, or pioneers of the transformation;
assert that the end of the world is within reach for non adherents; and claim
that one can discover salvation and paradise by joining the gathering. These
gatherings run
from the Colorums of the 1930s to the advanced P.B.M.A. (Philippine
Benevolent Missionary Association, headed by Ruben Ecleo). A large portion
of the individuals who take after these factions are poor people, confiscated,
and separated and feel estranged from the CatholicChurch. The present test
to the matchless quality of the Catholic church originates from an assortment
of little factions - from the fundamentalist Christian gatherings, for example,
Jehovah's Witnesses and Seventh Day Adventists, to the lglesia ni Kristo and
Rizalists. The Roman Catholics experience the ill effects of an absence of
faculty (the cleric to individuals proportion is exceedingly low), putting them off
guard in picking up and keeping up prominent help. The Catholic Church is
looking to address this difficulty by setting up an undeniably local pastorate
and by participating in programs adapted to social activity and human rights
among the country and urban poor. By and large this action has prompted
grinding between the congregation and the Marcos government, bringing
about captures of clerics, nuns, and laypeople on charges of subversion. In
the "war for spirits" this might be an essential forfeit. At display the biggest
developing religious area falls inside the region of these littler, grass roots
orders; yet the truth will surface eventually where the rates will at
last

Submitted to: Ms. Cristy Magtolis

Submitted by: Em Regonel, BSTM 3rd yr.