1 More about Factorization of Polynomials

Solutions (Basic)
14. 25 p − 20 pq + 4q = (5 p ) − 2(5 p)(2q) + (2q)
2 2 2 2
1 More about Factorization of
= (5 p − 2q) 2
Polynomials
Basic Worksheet 1.1 15. 50 x 2 − 98 y 2 = 2(25 x 2 − 49 y 2 )
1. 10ab − 2bc = 2b(5a) − 2b(c) = 2[(5 x) 2 − (7 y ) 2 ]
= 2b(5a − c) = 2(5 x + 7 y )(5 x − 7 y )

2. 22 x 2 − 33 x 3 = 11x 2 (2) − 11x 2 (3 x) 16. 48m 2 + 72mn + 27n 2 = 3(16m 2 + 24mn + 9n 2 )

= 11x (2 − 3 x)
2
= 3[(4m) 2 + 2(4m)(3n) + (3n) 2 ]
= 3(4m + 3n) 2
3. 12a b + 6a b = 6a b(2) + 6a b(b)
2 2 2 2 2

= 6a 2b(2 + b) 17. (a) 4 x 2 − 20 x + 25 = (2 x) 2 − 2(2 x)(5) + 52

= (2 x − 5) 2
4. 16st − 4s + 12s = 4s(4t ) − 4s( s) + 4s(3)
2

= 4s(4t − s + 3) (b) Let x = p + 3.

4( p + 3)2 − 20( p + 3) + 25 = 4 x 2 − 20 x + 25
5. b(a − 4) + 3(a − 4) = (a − 4)(b + 3) = (2 x − 5) 2
= [2( p + 3) − 5]2
6. x( y − 7) − 6(7 − y ) = x( y − 7) + 6( y − 7)
= (2 p + 1) 2
= ( y − 7)( x + 6)

7. 6 − 9m + 4n − 6mn = (6 − 9m) + (4n − 6mn) Basic Worksheet 1.2A

= 3(2 − 3m) + 2n(2 − 3m)
1. (a) +1 –1
= (2 − 3m)(3 + 2n) +3 –3

12a + 8ab + 6 + 4b = 2(6a + 4ab + 3 + 2b) (b) x +1

8.
x (+3)
= 2[(6a + 4ab) + (3 + 2b)] +x (+3x) = (+4x)
= 2[2a (3 + 2b) + (3 + 2b)]
= 2(3 + 2b)(2a + 1) x (–1)
x (–3)
(–x) (–3x) = (–4x)
9. 10 x 2 − 7 y + 10 xy − 7 x = (10 x 2 + 10 xy ) − (7 x + 7 y ) ∴ x2 − 4 x + 3 = ( x − 1)( x − 3)
= 10 x( x + y ) − 7( x + y)
= ( x + y )(10 x − 7) 2. x (+1)
x (+4)
(+x) (+4x) = (+5x)
10. r + 4r − 2r s − 8s = (r + 4r ) − (2r s + 8s)
3 2 3 2
∴ x2 + 5x + 4 = ( x + 1)( x + 4)
= r (r 2 + 4) − 2s (r 2 + 4)
= (r 2 + 4)(r − 2s ) 3. x –1
x –13
11. 9 x 2 − 100 = (3x)2 − 102 –x –13x = –14x
= (3x + 10)(3x − 10) ∴ x2 − 14x + 13 = ( x − 1)( x −13)

4. x –2
12. 121a 2 − 4b2 = (11a) 2 − (2b) 2 x –5
= (11a + 2b)(11a − 2b) –2x –5x = –7x
∴ x − 7 x + 10 = ( x − 2)( x − 5)
2

13. a + 18ab + 81b = a + 2( a)(9b) + (9b)

2 2 2 2

= ( a + 9b) 2

Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 1 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2022

 1 More about Factorization of Polynomials
5. x +3 5. x –2
x +6 5x –1
+3x +6x = +9x –10x –x = –11x
∴ x2 + 9 x + 18 = ( x + 3)( x + 6) ∴ 5x 2 − 11x + 2 = ( x − 2)(5x – 1)

6. x +2 6. x +2
x +10 3x +2
+2x +10x = +12x +6x +2x = +8x
∴ x 2 + 12 x + 20 = ( x + 2)( x + 10) ∴ 3x 2 + 8x + 4 = ( x + 2)(3x + 2)

7. x +1 7. x –5
x –7 7x +2
+x –7x = –6x –35x +2x = –33x
∴ x2 − 6 x − 7 = ( x + 1)( x − 7) ∴ 7 x2 − 33x − 10 = ( x − 5)(7 x + 2)

8. x –1 8. x +4
x +11 2x –3
–x +11x = +10x +8x –3x = +5x
∴ x 2 + 10x − 11 = ( x − 1)( x + 11) ∴ 2 x + 5x − 12 = ( x + 4)(2 x − 3)
2

9. x +2 9. 2x +3
x –4 3x –1
+2x –4x = –2x +9x –2x = +7x
∴ x − 2 x − 8 = ( x + 2)( x − 4)
2 ∴ 6 x 2 + 7 x − 3 = (2 x + 3)(3x − 1)

10. x –7 10. 2x +5
x +4 5x –3
–7x +4x = –3x +25x –6x = +19x
∴ x2 − 3x − 28 = ( x − 7)( x + 4) ∴ 10 x2 + 19 x − 15 = (2 x + 5)(5x − 3)

11. x –2 11. 2 x2 + 14 − 11x = 2 x2 − 11x + 14

x +8 x –2
–2x +8x = +6x 2x –7
∴ x2 + 6x −16 = ( x − 2)( x + 8) –4x –7x = –11x
∴ 2x2 + 14 − 11x = ( x − 2)(2 x − 7)

Basic Worksheet 1.2B 12. −2 + 9 x2 − 3x = 9 x2 − 3x − 2

1. x (+1) 3x +1
3x (+1) 3x –2
(+3x) (+x) = (+4x) +3x –6x = –3x
∴ 3x 2 + 4 x + 1 = ( x + 1)(3x + 1) ∴ −2 + 9 x2 − 3x = (3x + 1)(3x − 2)

2. x –3 Basic Worksheet 1.2C

2x –1
–6x –x = –7x 1. x +y
x +2y
∴ 2 x − 7 x + 3 = ( x − 3)(2 x − 1)
2
+xy (+2xy) = (+3xy)
∴ x2 + 3xy + 2 y 2 = ( x + y)( x + 2 y)
3. x –1
2x +5
–2x +5x = +3x 2. x –y
x +7y
∴ 2 x 2 + 3x − 5 = ( x − 1)(2 x + 5)
–xy +7xy = +6xy
∴ x 2 + 6 xy − 7 y 2 = ( x − y)( x + 7 y)
4. x –7
3x +1
–21x +x = –20x 3. x –5y
x +y
∴ 3x 2 − 20x − 7 = ( x − 7)(3x + 1)
–5xy +xy = –4xy
∴ x 2 − 4 xy − 5 y 2 = ( x − 5 y)( x + y)

Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 2 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2022

 1 More about Factorization of Polynomials
4. x –4y 2. 3( s − 6) + s 2 = 3s − 18 + s 2
x –2y
= s 2 + 3s − 18
–4xy –2xy = –6xy
s –3
∴ x 2 − 6 xy + 8 y 2 = ( x − 4 y)( x − 2 y)
s +6
–3s +6s = +3s
5. x +2y ∴ 3(s − 6) + s 2 = (s − 3)(s + 6)
x –5y
+2xy –5xy = –3xy
∴ x2 − 3xy − 10 y 2 = ( x + 2 y)( x − 5 y) 3. −q(q + 2) + 8 = −q 2 − 2q + 8
= −(q 2 + 2q − 8)
6. x +2y q –2
x +6y q +4
+2xy +6xy = +8xy –2q +4q = +2q
∴ − q (q + 2) + 8 = −(q − 2)(q + 4)
∴ x + 8xy + 12 y 2 = ( x + 2 y)( x + 6 y)
2

7. p –q 4. x( x − 1) − 10( x − 3) = x 2 − x − 10 x + 30
2p –5q = x 2 − 11x + 30
–2pq –5pq = –7pq x –5
∴ 2 p 2 − 7 pq + 5q 2 = ( p − q)(2 p − 5q) x –6
–5x –6x = –11x
∴ x( x − 1) − 10( x − 3) = ( x − 5)( x − 6)
8. p –q
3p +7q
–3pq +7pq = +4pq 5. 2( x 2 − 1) − 3 x = 2 x 2 − 2 − 3 x
∴ 3 p 2 + 4 pq – 7q 2 = ( p − q)(3 p + 7q) = 2 x 2 − 3x − 2
x –2
9. a –7b 2x +1
7a +b –4x +x = –3x
–49ab +ab = –48ab ∴ 2( x2 − 1) − 3x = ( x − 2)(2 x + 1)
∴ 7a 2 − 48ab – 7b 2 = (a − 7b)(7a + b)
6. 3 x 2 + 5(5 − 4 x) = 3 x 2 + 25 − 20 x
10. 2a +b = 3 x 2 − 20 x + 25
4a –b x –5
+4ab –2ab = +2ab 3x –5
∴ 8a 2 + 2ab – b 2 = (2a + b)(4a − b) –15x –5x = –20x
∴ 3x2 + 5(5 − 4 x) = ( x − 5)(3x − 5)
11. h +5k
4h +3k 7. (a) x –3
+20hk +3hk = +23hk x +8
∴ 4h2 + 23hk + 15k 2 = (h + 5k )(4h + 3k ) –3x +8x = +5x
∴ x2 + 5x − 24 = ( x − 3)( x + 8)
12. 2h –3k
3h +7k (b) Let x = a + 2.
–9hk +14hk = +5hk
(a + 2) 2 + 5(a + 2) − 24
∴ 6h2 + 5hk − 21k 2 = (2h − 3k )(3h + 7k )
= x 2 + 5 x − 24
= ( x − 3)( x + 8) (from (a))
= [(a + 2) − 3][(a + 2) + 8]
Basic Worksheet 1.3 = (a − 1)(a + 10)
1. x2 + 2x − 40 + x = x2 + 3x − 40
x –5 8. (a) x +3
x +8 x –15
–5x +8x = +3x +3x –15x = –12x
∴ x2 + 2 x − 40 + x = ( x − 5)( x + 8) ∴ x2 − 12 x − 45 = ( x + 3)( x − 15)

Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 3 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2022

 1 More about Factorization of Polynomials
(b) Let x = z − 5.
( z − 5) 2 − 12( z − 5) − 45
= x 2 − 12 x − 45
= ( x + 3)( x − 15) (from (a))
= [( z − 5) + 3][( z − 5) − 15]
= ( z − 2)( z − 20)

9. (a) x +2
x –9
+2x –9x = –7x
∴ x2 − 7 x − 18 = ( x + 2)( x − 9)

(b) x 2 − 7 x − 18 + ( x + 2) 2
= ( x + 2)( x − 9) + ( x + 2) 2 (from (a))
= ( x + 2)[( x − 9) + ( x + 2)]
= ( x + 2)(2 x − 7)

10. (a) 6 x − 18 y = 6( x) − 6(3 y )

= 6( x − 3 y )

(b) x –3y
x –11y
–3xy –11xy = –14xy
∴ x2 − 14 xy + 33 y 2 = ( x − 3 y)( x − 11y)

(c) x 2 − 14 xy + 33 y 2 + 6 x − 18 y
= ( x − 3 y )( x − 11y ) + 6( x − 3 y ) (from (a) and (b))
= ( x − 3 y )( x − 11y + 6)

11. (a) x +5
2x –3
+10x –3x = +7x
∴ 2 x2 + 7 x − 15 = ( x + 5)(2 x − 3)

5 x + 25 5 x + 25
(b) = (from (a))
2 x + 7 x − 15 ( x + 5)(2 x − 3)
2

5( x + 5)
=
( x + 5)(2 x − 3)
5
=
2x − 3

12. (a) x –2
3x –1
–6x –x = –7x
∴ 3x2 − 7 x + 2 = ( x − 2)(3x − 1)

(b) 3 x − 7 x + 2 = ( x − 2)(3 x − 1)
2
(from (a))
6 x − 12 6 x − 12
( x − 2)(3 x − 1)
=
6( x − 2)
3x − 1
=
6

Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 4 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2022