2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Section 2

Structure and Written Expression

Time: 25 minutes (including the reading of the
directions) Now set your clock for 25 minutes.
The Structure and Written Expression section is designed to measure your ability to
recognize language that is appropriate for standard written English. There are two types of
questions in this section, with special directions for each type.

Structure
Directions: Questions 1–15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see
four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that
best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question
and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Example I Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes -------

both emit hot liquids from below Earth’s surface.
(A) despite
(B) because
(C) in regard to
(D) as a result of
The sentence should read: “Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes because both
emit hot liquids from below Earth’s surface.”
Therefore, you should choose (B).

Example II

During the early period of ocean navigation, ------- any need for sophisticated instruments
and techniques.
(A) so that hardly
(B) when there hardly was
(C) hardly was
(D) there was hardly
The sentence should read: “During the early period of ocean navigation, there was hardly
any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques.” Therefore, you should choose (D).

NOW BEGIN WORK ON THE QUESTIONS.

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1. Simple photographic lenses cannot 7. By tracking the eye of a hurricane,
------- sharp, undistorted images over forecasters can determine the speed at
a wide field. which -------.
(A) to form (A) is a storm moving
(B) are formed (B) a storm is moving
(C) forming (C) is moving a storm
(D) form (D) a moving storm

2. Of all the factors affecting 8. The publication of Adventures of

agricultural yields, weather is the one Huckleberry Finn helped make
------- the most. Mark Twain one of America’s -------
(A) it influences farmers literary figures.
(B) that influences farmers (A) most famous
(C) farmers that it influences (B) the most famous
(D) why farmers influence it (C) are most famous
(D) and most famous
3. Beverly Sills, -------, assumed
directorship of the New York City 9. Technology will play a key role in
Opera in 1979. ------- future lifestyles.
(A) be a star soprano (A) to shape
(B) was a star soprano (B) shaping
(C) a star soprano and (C) shape of
(D) a star soprano (D) shaped

4. ------- of tissues is known as 10. The computer has dramatically

histology. affected ------- many products are
(A) Studying scientific designed.
(B) The scientific study (A) is the way
(C) To study scientifically (B) that the way
(D) That is scientific studying (C) which way do
(D) the way
5. With the exception of mercury, ------- at
standard temperature and pressure.
(A) the metallic elements are solid (B)
which is a solid metallic element (C)
metallic elements being solid (D)
since the metallic elements are solid
6. Dehydration is ------- that a land
animal faces.
(A) the often greatest hazard
(B) the greatest often hazard
(C) often the greatest hazard
(D) often the hazard greatest
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11. The early railroads were ------- the (A) the African American who first
existing arteries of transportation: roads, (B) the first African American
turnpikes, and canals and other (C) was the first African American (D)
waterways. the first and an African American who
(A) those short lines connected 14. During the flood of 1927, the Red
(B) short lines that connected Cross, ------- out of emergency
(C) connected by short lines headquarters in Mississippi, set up
(D) short connecting lines temporary shelters for the homeless.
(A) operates
12. ------- as a masterpiece, a work of art (B) is operating
must transcend the ideals of the period in (C) has operated
which it was created. (D) operating
(A) Ranks
(B) The ranking 15. In bacteria and in other organisms,
(C) To be ranked ------- is DNA that provides the
(D) For being ranked genetic information.
(A) both
13. Jackie Robinson, ------- to play baseball (B) which
in the major leagues, joined the Brooklyn (C) and
Dodgers in 1947. (D) it

SECTION 2 CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGE.

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Written Expression
Directions: In questions 16–40, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The
four underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one
underlined word or phrase that must be changed for the sentence to be correct. Then, on
your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to
the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Example I Guppies are sometimes call rainbow fish

due to the bright colors of the males. A B C D

The sentence should read: “Guppies are sometimes called rainbow fish due to the bright
colors of the males.” Therefore, you should choose (A).

Example II Serving several term in the United States Congress,

Shirley Chisholm became a respected A B C United States politician.
D
The sentence should read: “Serving several terms in the United States Congress, Shirley
Chisholm became a respected United States politician” Therefore, you should choose (B).

NOW BEGIN WORK ON THE QUESTIONS.

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16. Twenty to thirty year after a mature forest is cleared away, a nearly impenetrable
ABC
thicket of trees and shrubs develops.
D
17. The first national park in world, Yellowstone National Park, was established in
1872. A B C D
18. Because it does not have a blood supply, the cornea takes their oxygen directly from
A B C D the air.
19. Magnificent mountains and coastal scenery is British Columbia’s chief tourist
ABCD
attractions.
20. Scientists at universities are often more involved in theoretical research than in
ABC
practically research.
D
21. John Rosamond Johnson he composed numerous songs, including Lift Every Voice
ABC
and Sing, for which his brother, James Weldon Johnson, wrote the
words. D
22. Nylon, a synthetic material done from a combination of water, air, and a by-product
AB
of coal, was first introduced in 1938.
CD
23. Ornithology, the study of birds, is one of the major scientific fields in which amateurs
AB
play a role in accumulating, researching, and publish data.
CD
24. Animation is a technique for creativity the illusion of life in inanimate things.
ABCD
25. The nonviolent protest advocated by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., proving highly
AB
effective in an age of expanding television news coverage.
CD
26. On December 7, 1787, Delaware became a first state to ratify the United
ABCD
States Constitution.

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27. Nutritionists believe what diet affects how one feels physically and emotionally.
 ABCD
28. Mealii Kalama, creator of over 400 Hawaiian quilts, was granted a National Heritage
AB
Fellowship in 1985 for herself contributions to folk art.
CD
29. A jetty serves to define and deepen a channel, improve navigate, or protect a harbor.
ABCD
30. Minoru Yamasaki achieved a reputation as an architect which works departed from
AB
the austerity frequently associated with architecture after the Second World
War. C D
31. Chemical research provides information that is useful when the textile industry in the
ABC
development of new fabrics.
D
32. Because of its vast tracts of virtually uninhabited northern forest, Canada has one of A
B C the lowest population density in the world.
D
33. Bromyrite crystals have a diamond-like luster and are usually colorless, but they dark
ABC
to brown when exposed to light.
D
34. Stars in our universe vary in temperature, color, bright, size, and mass.
ABCD
35. Ice is less denser than the liquid from which it is formed.
ABCD
36. The 1983 Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to Barbara McClintock for her
A
experiments with maize and her discoveries regardless the nature of
DNA. B C D
37. In 1866 to 1883, the bison population in North America was reduced from an
AB
estimated 13 million to a few hundred.
CD

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38. Most of the damage property attributed to the San Francisco earthquake of 1906
ABC
resulted from the fire that followed.
 D
39. James Baldwin’s plays and short stories, which are to some degree autobiographical,
AB
established them as a leading figure in the United States civil rights
movement. C D
40. Thunder can be listened from a maximum distance of about ten miles except under
ABC
unusual atmospheric conditions.
D

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