Urban Development

URBAN DEVELOPMENT
 The center of jobs, education, and health needs ay primarily nasa cities. When you’re able
to understand how cities work then you’re also able to understand yung trajectory ng
development ng isang bansa.
ONE OF THE CHALLENGES: UNEVEN URBANIZATION
 “uneven urbanization, growing decentralization, expanding informal settlements, record
high inequality, forced migration, and rising urban insecurity” as key trends that describe
urban development in the past decades-Gabriela Rico, UN-HABITAT World Cities
Report
 Most of the services and opportunities ay nasa cities lang. Kaya naman in-eexpect pa na
maraming tao ang mag-fflock sa cities. And that creates the challenge of UNEVEN
URBANIZATION.
 Maraming tao ang nasa cities pero hindi lahat ay mayroong access o ma-enjoy ‘yung
benefits of the cities. Marami ang nakatira sa fringes ng cities o laylayan ng siyudad.
Tulad ng sa BGC, isa sa pinakamayamang siyudad pero kapag lumabas ka doon nakatira
yung mga nagseserbisyo sa loob ng BGC.
INVISIBLE STRING: URBANIZATION, POPULATION GROWTH, AND MIGRATION
 Lumalaki ‘yung ating populasyon at malaking bahagi ng population na ‘yon ay
napupunta sa mga siyudad.
 On 1999, meron tayong 14 megacities, pero nung 2015, naging 29 na.
 59% of the world population is now in cities and growing at a faster rate.
GROWING DECENTRALIZATION
 Decentralization has increased the importance of local administrators, particularly
mayors, while in some places strengthening local systems of finance.
 Yung value ngayon ng local governments ay much more important than before lalo na
sila ang provider ng basic services. Sila ang nagpprovide ng specific resources to support
the health, agriculture, and environment services. Nadagdag ang urban development,
education, drrm, at transportation.
 Ang problema sa metro manila cities ay sobrang fragmented ng ibang services like public
transportation at disaster preparedness. ‘Yung ibang cities ay may flood control program
pero kapag hindi napigilan yung flood ay magsspill over ito sa ibang lugar. Kaya
mahalaga na may collaboration sa mga cities. Dito sana papasok ang MMDA kaso wala
silang teeth.
 Kailangan ng better role for MMDA for decentralization to work in favor of people who
live in cities
EXPANDING INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS
 Isa ito sa mga malalakin challenges. Saan titira yung mga tao. Maraming housing around
the metro pero not everybody can afford it.
 Na-rerelocate ‘yung mga hindi maka-afford ng mga housing around metro far from their
work.
 Key talaga ay dapat ayusin ang public transportation. Yung makakarating yung mga tao
from province to city in 20-30 minutes para okay lang sakanila na manatili sa karatig
lugar ng mga siyudad.
UNEQUAL ACCESS TO URBAN SERVICES
 Pag marami kang informal settlements at uneven and services na binibigay mo, you
would expect unequal access to urban services tulad ng basic education, health,
sanitation, and public transportation.
LAGGING LOCAL CLIMATE ACTION
 Importante sa usapin yung climate change because that exacerbate much of the problems
that we face today. Nagkakaroon ng mga sea level rises kaya ‘yung mga lugar na dati na
hindi binabaha at binabaha na ngayon. And kapag dense ito with population and houses,
lulubog ito.
 Dapat din magkaroon ng maayos na waste management para hindi binabaha ang mga
lugar.
RECORD-HIGH INEQUALITY
 For example, yung coffin homes. Pwedeng maganda siya, gentrified, tulad ng sa Japan na
pwede mong bayaran kapag tourist ka. Pero hindi yon comfortable kapag don ka talaga
nakatira.
FORCED MIGRATION
 More likely na nangyayari ‘to sa mga tension field or conflict areas, many of which are in
Africa and Middle East. It’s a challenge for cities because yung mga tao sa conflict area
ay nag-ttransfer to cities.
 Ang paboritong lipatan nila dito sa Southeast Asia ay Thailand at Indonesia. Yung mga
muslims from Myanmar ay ino-oppress sila sa kanilang lugar dahil muslims sila. So, they
are force to travel by sea kasi di sila makapag-travel by land. And they go to refugee
camps sa Thailand at Indonesia.
 Pumupunta sila sa cities para makapaghanap ng trabaho. Ang kaso lang hindi sila ganoon
ka educated kaya they work on informal economy or illegal jobs, which further creates
precarious conditions for these people.
 Nag-oopen din ito ng bigger problems like racism kasi sasabihin ng mga locals ay
inaagawan sila ng jobs ng mga nag-migrate.
RISING URBAN INSECURITY
 Traffic, congestion, the tyranny of cars, and peace and order.
THINGS TO RETHINK:
 What is the relationship between urbanization and employment? How about with human
capital and welfare?
 Why should we invest in our cities?
 What makes for a good city?
 Good urban design should always be in favor of the pedestrian / the people. This means
walkability, accessibility, and healthy environments.
 “Eudaimonia” means the potentials and talents of every person is optimally harnessed
and realized.
 It is difficult to balance the social aspects (participation, inclusion, & interaction) with
physical aspects (connectivity, safety, & order).
 Cities should have narratives / lived experiences. How do we best support / address
informal economies?

Urban Development

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URBAN DEVELOPMENT

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