ST.

XAVIER’S COLLEGE
MAITIGHAR, KATHMANDU, NEPAL
DEDICATED TO EXCELLENCE,
LEADERSHIP, SERVICE

Report On
Role of Botanical Garden in Conservation of Plant

Roll NO: 023NEB325

Submitted To:
Biology Department
Date of Submission: November 30th
Letter of approval
This is to certify that Krishna Dev Yadav, student of Grade 11
(C), 2023 has successfully completed the report on the title
“BOTANICAL GARDEN IN CONSERVATION” and forwarded to
the examination.

Mr. Brajesh Shrestha Supervisor

Subject Coordinator Department of Biology
Department of Biology Date: 2023-11-30
Date: 2023-11-30
ABSTRACT
A botanical garden is an area set aside and maintained by an
organization for protecting and conserving various groups of
plants for economic, educational, recreational and scientific
purposes. These gardens serve as living museums, showcasing
the richness of flora from various ecosystems worldwide.
Botanical gardens play crucial roles in education, conservation,
and scientific research, preserving biodiversity while offering a
calm escape into the heaven of nature. It is estimated that one
third of all plant species are threatened with extinction and yet
plant continue to be underrepresented in conservation debates
and policies. In this era, Humans are being developed or being
raised without humanity. In such condition, botanical garden
has been an important aspect for survival of human in this
planet.
There are 11 botanical gardens in different ecological regions of
Nepal under Department of Plant Resources (DPR) which has
been leading an effective role in nature balancing process, After
the study for this report, it was found that botanical gardens
helps in protection and promotion of plant diversity by making
the world’s plant species known to the public.
Acknowledgement
A lot of support, guidance and assistance from large number of
platforms either physically or virtually made the final outcome of this
report possible and successful. I would like to thank Department of
Biology of st.xavier’s college, Maitighar which provided me chance to
interact with nature by organizing a field visit to National Botanical
Garden, Godawari and encouraged me to prepare a research report on
such an important subject i.e. Role of Botanical Garden in
conservation .Through this field visit I got to know about the
importance of botanical Garden in the preservation and promotion of
nature. I also came to know about the present condition of some plants
which are in the verge of extinction. I came to know the scientific name
of some plants and became familiar with new plants which I have never
seen in my life yet through this field visit.

Name of student: Krishna Dev Yadav

Class: 11
Section: C
Roll No: 023NEB325
Table of Content
1.Introduction
• History of Botanical Garden in world
• History of botanical Garden in Nepal
• Criteria Necessary for Botanical Garden
• List of Botanical Garden in Nepal
• Objectives of Botanical Garden
• Limitations of study
• Rational of the project

2.Materials and methods

• Areas of study
• Materials used in study
• Sources of Data
• Method of study
• Study of Design
3. Results / finding
• Conservation of different plants
• Introduction on different plant species

4. Conclusion and discussion

 Introduction
A botanical garden is a specialized garden dedicated to cultivating and
displaying a wide variety of plants, often organized by taxonomy or
geographic origin, for conservation, research, and recreation. These
gardens serve as living museums that educate visitors about plant life
and its importance to our world.

History of Botanical Garden in World

Botanical gardens have a rich global history that dates back centuries.
The first recorded botanical garden was created in the 16th century in
Italy, focusing on the cultivation of medicinal plants. As explorers
travelled to different lands, these gardens became museum for exotic
species brought back from around the world. Throughout time,
botanical gardens have evolved into centers for scientific research,
conservation, and education, preserving biodiversity and contributing
the study of plant life. Today, they stand as living museums,
representing diverse flora and serving as essential place for
understanding, promoting, and protecting the natural world.

History of Botanical Garden in Nepal

Nepal's botanical history is connected with its rich cultural and natural
heritage. The Garden of Dreams, also known as Swapna Bagaicha,
stands as one of Kathmandu's renowned botanical sites, initially
designed in the early 20th century. However, the formal establishment
of a botanical garden in Nepal took shape with the establishment of the
National Botanical Garden in Godavari, Kathmandu, in 1962
inaugurated by King Mahendra on Kartik 12, 2019. The landscape of this
exquisite botanical garden was designed by two British architects,
Geoffrey Herklots and Tony Schilling. It covers an area of 82 hectares
with varying topography, 40 hectares of which have been transformed
into various thematic garden units. It is surrounded by a natural
evergreen forest. A natural stream, Godavari, runs through the middle
of the garden, adding to its beauty. This garden serves as a center for
plant conservation, research, and education, showcasing the country's
diverse flora. With its collection of native species, medicinal plants, and
educational programs, Nepal's botanical gardens contribute
significantly to the understanding and preservation of the Nepal's
unique plant life and ecosystems.
This is the oldest and largest botanical garden of the nation. It is also an
internationally recognized botanical garden and a member of Botanic
Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) since 2015 AD. It has a
natural plant landscape having 30 different thematic gardens. Over
1000 plant species, including angiosperms, gymnosperms,
pteridophytes and bryophytes, are conserved in this botanical garden.
This garden has also conserved about 150 species of medicinal plants,
50 species of cactus and succulent plants, 35 species of climbers
and 60 species of orchids.
 Criteria Necessary for Botanical Garden
The criteria necessary for Botanical Garden are:
• Adequate labeling of the plants
• An underlying scientific basis for the collections.
• Communication of information to other gardens,
institutions, organizations and the public.
• Exchange of seeds or other materials with other botanic
gardens, arboreta or research.
• Stations (within the guidelines of international convention
and national law and customs regulations.)
• Long term commitment to and responsibility for the
maintenance of plant collections.
• Maintenance of research program in plant taxonomy in
associated herbaria.
• Monitoring of the plants in the collection.
• Open to the public.
• Promoting conservation through extensions and
environmental activities.
• Proper document of the collection, including wild origin
• Undertaking scientific or technical research on plants in
the collections.
(Source: IUCN-BGCS and WWF 1989, p5)
 List of Botanical Gardens of Nepal
• National Botanical Garden,Godawari,lalitpur (1515m)

• Maipokhari Botanical Garden,Ilam (1212m)

• Dhanushadham Botanical Garden,Dhanusha (107m)

 Objectives of Botanical Garden :
• To know the role of botanical garden in
environmental conservation.
• To know the present condition of botanical Garden in
Nepal.
• To know about different species of plants along with
their morphology.
• To have a critical view of plants which are in the verse
of extinction.
Limitations of the study
• Limited time for proper and overall analysis
• Lack of experimental and analyzing resources.
Rationale of the project
The following are the rationale of the report :
• To have our research analaysis
• To know about different species of plants and their
morphology.
• To group similar and dissimilar species
• To have different ideas about conserving plants
• To know about comparative study of flora.
Material and methods
Area of study:
Location : Godawari Botanical Garden
Altitude: 2765m
 Area : 82 hectare of varying topography (1500-
2000m)
Road Map:

Materials used in study: Camera, Notebook

Sources of data:
Primary : own observation,teacher’s guide
Seconday : Internet, notes and sample reports.

Method of study
• Field visit
• Direct observation
• Visit information centre of garden to fulfill objectives
• Questionnaire with teachers
• Taking photographs regarding the role of garden
• Also getting secondary data through internet,journals
Study design
A half day visit to National Botanical Garden,Godawari.
Result and Findings
Botanical gardens play a important role in safeguarding,
cultivating, and promoting diverse plant species. They
serve as bank for medicinal, exotic, ornamental, tropical,
and various other types of plants, acting as living libraries
for researchers, botanists, and conservationists. These
gardens facilitate the preservation of endangered or rare
species, offering controlled environments conducive to
their growth. They also serve as educational hubs, sharing
knowledge about the uses, conservation, and cultivation of
these plants. Additionally, botanical gardens often engage
in scientific research, contributing to advancements in
medicine, agriculture, and environmental conservation by
studying these plant varieties, ultimately contributing
significantly to the protection and promotion of a wide
variety of plants globally.It was found that Botanical
Garden conserve different plants by following ways:
1. Medicinal plants
 It Provides suitable conditions like temperature
and adequate amount of water to the plant.
 It plays important role in germination of seed and
thus helps in continuation of germination.
 It preserves different rare and threatened species
of medicinal plants
2. Exotic plant
 Botanical Garden converses all those rare plants
that are not found in any other parts of our country
 It has provided proper topographical maintenance
for survival of those plants.
 Botanical garden provides all those extra nutrients
for their production and continuation.
3. Ornamental plants
 Botanical garden provides appropriate arrangement of
ornamental plants in order to seem it as the decorative
one.
 Botanical garden helps in production of different types
and different species of botanical plants with different
changes like genetic one and so on.
 Time and again supervision is done to these plants.
4. Xerophytic plants
 Botanical garden provides suitable condition like
soil types,amount of water required for xerophytic
plants.
 It also provides suitable temperature required for
its proper growth and development.
5. Tropical plants
 It provides suitable fertile soil required for tropical
plants.
  It also provides different organic fertilizers for
proper growth and development .
6. Maintaining aquatic life
 Botanical garden makes the water resources for
survival of aquatic life.
 It makes connection of different water resources to
the botanical garden.
 Cleanliness of pond and water resources is done
time and again.
SOME PLANTS SPECIES OBSRVED IN
NATIONAL BOTANICAL GARDEN
1. Nepalese Alder:
The Nepalese Alder, scientifically also known as Alnus nepalensis, is a
deciduous tree native to the Himalayas. It's renowned for its
environmental significance, often found at altitudes between 500 to
2600 meters. With a rapid growth rate, it
plays a vital role in stabilizing soil in its
native regions. The tree's bark possesses
medicinal properties, used in traditional
remedies. Its distinctive heart-shaped
leaves and conical clusters of flowers
make it a visually striking species in its
natural habitat.
2. Sauraula nepalensis DC.(Gogan)
Saurauia nepalensis DC, commonly known as
Nepal Saurauia, is a flowering shrub endemic to
the Himalayas. Growing in moist, shady areas at
elevations between 1200 to 2400 meters, it
thrives in Nepal, Bhutan, and parts of India. Its
 clusters of small, fragrant white flowers bloom amidst its deep green
foliage, adding to its ornamental appeal. This shrub holds cultural
significance in traditional medicine, where parts of the plant are used
for various medicinal purposes. Nepal Saurauia's adaptability and
hardiness make it a valued plant in local ecosystems and horticulture.
3. Gomphrena globosa( Amaranthaceae)
Gomphrena globosa, commonly known as globe
amaranth, is an edible plant from the family
Amaranthaceae. The round-shaped flower
inflorescences are a visually dominant feature and
cultivars have been propagated to exhibit shades of
magenta, purple, red, orange, white, pink, and lilac.
Within the flowerheads, the true flowers are small
and inconspicuous.

4.