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Arduino - Serial Peripheral Interface

Radio waves propagate through the atmosphere in several ways: ground wave, skywave, and line-of-sight. Ground waves follow the Earth's curvature, providing short to medium-range coverage. Skywaves reflect off the ionosphere, allowing long-distance transmission. Line-of-sight propagation requires a clear path between the transmitter and receiver, often utilized in microwave and satellite communications. Antenna Tuning and Matching: Proper tuning and impedance matching between the antenna and the

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willingcoder.billionaire
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34 views

Arduino - Serial Peripheral Interface

Radio waves propagate through the atmosphere in several ways: ground wave, skywave, and line-of-sight. Ground waves follow the Earth's curvature, providing short to medium-range coverage. Skywaves reflect off the ionosphere, allowing long-distance transmission. Line-of-sight propagation requires a clear path between the transmitter and receiver, often utilized in microwave and satellite communications. Antenna Tuning and Matching: Proper tuning and impedance matching between the antenna and the

Uploaded by

willingcoder.billionaire
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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17/11/2020 Arduino - Serial Peripheral Interface - Tutorialspoint

Arduino - Serial Peripheral Interface

A Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus is a system for serial communication, which uses up to
four conductors, commonly three. One conductor is used for data receiving, one for data
sending, one for synchronization and one alternatively for selecting a device to communicate
with. It is a full duplex connection, which means that the data is sent and received
simultaneously. The maximum baud rate is higher than that in the I2C communication system.

Board SPI Pins


SPI uses the following four wires −
SCK − This is the serial clock driven by the master.
MOSI − This is the master output / slave input driven by the master.

MISO − This is the master input / slave output driven by the master.
SS − This is the slave-selection wire.
The following functions are used. You have to include the SPI.h.

SPI.begin() − Initializes the SPI bus by setting SCK, MOSI, and SS to outputs, pulling
SCK and MOSI low, and SS high.
SPI.setClockDivider(divider) − To set the SPI clock divider relative to the system
clock. On AVR based boards, the dividers available are 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 or 128. The
default setting is SPI_CLOCK_DIV4, which sets the SPI clock to one-quarter of the
frequency of the system clock (5 Mhz for the boards at 20 MHz).
Divider − It could be (SPI_CLOCK_DIV2, SPI_CLOCK_DIV4, SPI_CLOCK_DIV8,
SPI_CLOCK_DIV16, SPI_CLOCK_DIV32, SPI_CLOCK_DIV64, SPI_CLOCK_DIV128).
SPI.transfer(val) − SPI transfer is based on a simultaneous send and receive: the
received data is returned in receivedVal.
SPI.beginTransaction(SPISettings(speedMaximum, dataOrder, dataMode)) −
speedMaximum is the clock, dataOrder(MSBFIRST or LSBFIRST),
dataMode(SPI_MODE0, SPI_MODE1, SPI_MODE2, or SPI_MODE3).
We have four modes of operation in SPI as follows −
Mode 0 (the default) − Clock is normally low (CPOL = 0), and the data is sampled on
the transition from low to high (leading edge) (CPHA = 0).

Mode 1 − Clock is normally low (CPOL = 0), and the data is sampled on the transition
from high to low (trailing edge) (CPHA = 1).
Mode 2 − Clock is normally high (CPOL = 1), and the data is sampled on the transition
from high to low (leading edge) (CPHA = 0).

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17/11/2020 Arduino - Serial Peripheral Interface - Tutorialspoint

Mode 3 − Clock is normally high (CPOL = 1), and the data is sampled on the transition
from low to high (trailing edge) (CPHA = 1).
SPI.attachInterrupt(handler) − Function to be called when a slave device receives
data from the master.
Now, we will connect two Arduino UNO boards together; one as a master and the other as a
slave.

(SS) : pin 10
(MOSI) : pin 11
(MISO) : pin 12
(SCK) : pin 13
The ground is common. Following is the diagrammatic representation of the connection
between both the boards −

Let us see examples of SPI as Master and SPI as Slave.

SPI as MASTER

Example

#include <SPI.h>

void setup (void) {


Serial.begin(115200); //set baud rate to 115200 for usart
digitalWrite(SS, HIGH); // disable Slave Select
SPI.begin ();
SPI.setClockDivider(SPI_CLOCK_DIV8);//divide the clock by 8
}

void loop (void) {


char c;
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17/11/2020 Arduino - Serial Peripheral Interface - Tutorialspoint

digitalWrite(SS, LOW); // enable Slave Select


// send test string
for (const char * p = "Hello, world!\r" ; c = *p; p++) {
SPI.transfer (c);
Serial.print(c);
}
digitalWrite(SS, HIGH); // disable Slave Select
delay(2000);
}

SPI as SLAVE

Example

#include <SPI.h>
char buff [50];
volatile byte indx;
volatile boolean process;

void setup (void) {


Serial.begin (115200);
pinMode(MISO, OUTPUT); // have to send on master in so it set as output
SPCR |= _BV(SPE); // turn on SPI in slave mode
indx = 0; // buffer empty
process = false;
SPI.attachInterrupt(); // turn on interrupt
}
ISR (SPI_STC_vect) // SPI interrupt routine {
byte c = SPDR; // read byte from SPI Data Register
if (indx < sizeof buff) {
buff [indx++] = c; // save data in the next index in the array buff
if (c == '\r') //check for the end of the word
process = true;
}
}

void loop (void) {


if (process) {
process = false; //reset the process
Serial.println (buff); //print the array on serial monitor
indx= 0; //reset button to zero
}
}

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