Seri 1 - 2 Pengertian & Lingkup Filsafat Ilmu New2022
Seri 1 - 2 Pengertian & Lingkup Filsafat Ilmu New2022
Seri 1 - 2 Pengertian & Lingkup Filsafat Ilmu New2022
PENGERTIAN &
LINGKUP FILSAFAT ILMU
Penyaji:
Rizal Mustansyir
PROBLEM INTI
Informal Formal
2/16/202
2
APA YG DIMAKSUD DNG ILMU?
Ilmu: Fenomena kompleks
• Sosiologi
Struktur:
Ilmu
• Substantif (objek)
• Etika ilmu
• Prosedural (metode)
Ilmu Secara Sistematis:
Proses Prosedur Produk
Penelitian Metode Pengetahuan
Ilmiah Ilmiah Ilmiah
• Software ➢ Ilmu sesuai
• Hardware ❖Kuantitatif dengan taraf
• SOP ❖Kualitatif realitas obyek
• Teknik Penelitian ❖Metode kajian
• Atmosfir ➢ Publikasi Ilmiah
akademik Campuran
• Etika Ilmiah
Problems
Effect Attitude
Karakteristik
ilmu
(Archie
Bahm)
Solutions Methods
Activity
8
What Science Aims To Do?
(Bryan Ellis, 1996: 167-169)
Teori
Ilmiah
Hukum Ilmiah
Pembentukan
Hipotesis
Definisi
How do these
problems arise
within different
scientific fields?
Hitchcock, 2004: 1-2
Philosophy of science deals with philosophical &
foundational problems that arise within science. It can be divided
into two majors stands:
(Statis Psillos,& Martin Curd, 2008: xix
General
Philosophy The philosophies of the individual sciences: Physics,
Biology, Psychology, Economics, etc
of science
What is
the
structure
&
What is a content How
scientific of are
What is What
theory & concepts What they
the aim role do
how do such as: rules, if related
of values
scientific causation any, to
science & play in
theories explanati govern social,
what is scientific
relate to on, theory- cultural
its decisions
the theory, change in &
method? ?
world? experime science? gender
nt, etc? factors?
MAPS OF PHILOSOPHY: Honderich, 1995,: p. 927
Aesthetics
Epistemology
Political Phil. Of Phil. Of
Metaphysics Language Phil. Of
Phil. Science
Logic History
Phil.
Phil. Of Phil. Of Mind Of
Religion Law
Phil. Of
Mathematics
Honderich, 1995, The
Oxford Companion to
Philosophy: 944 PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Methodology:
Nature Of Science: 1. Induction and its presuppositions;
1. Nature of Scientific Uniformity of nature
development 2. Hypothetico-deductive method
2. Aims of Science 3. Confirmation and Corroboration
3. Nature of scientific theories probability
4. Falsification
4. Science & Pseudoscience,
5. Observation & experiment
Science & Metaphysics; The 6. Observation and theory of question
problem of demarcation of priority
7. Problems of measurement
Ethical
issues in
Science
Implikasi dr
inovasi teknologi
menciptakan
kemungkinan
perubahan status
moral Problem etika
ilmu al:
Kloning, Bayi
tabung,
eksperimen yg Problem
menggunakan pendanaan dlm
mns, hewan, dll riset terkait dng
tension antara
kemurnian riset
dng kepentingan
di balik riset
Hitchcock, 2004: 4-5
Epistemological
Issues in Science
Source of
Knowledge:
Empirisisme
berpendirian bhw
sumber penget.
dijabarkan dr
pengalaman
inderawi Rasionalisme
berpendirian
bhw sumber
pengetahuan
dikonstruksi dr
model
matematik,
deduksi
Context of
justification
& context of
discovery
Hitchcock, 2004: 6-8
Metaphysical
Issues in
Science
LAW is regularity:
Hampir setiap
cabang filsafat
mengandung
prinsip dasar yg
mengacu pd
“Hukum ilmiah”
spt: Gravitasi,
Thermodinamika
Causation:
menggambarkan
relasi sebab
akibat antara satu Explanation:
peristiwa dng
peristiwa lain Menjelaskan alas
an terjadinya
suatu peristiwa.
Mis: apa penyebab
meledaknya
pesawat Ruang
angkasa
Challenger?
Filsafat Ilmu juga mengkaji Ilmu antar Bidang (Interdisciplinary
Sciences) (The Liang Gie,2003: 182-183)
KATEGORI
PELENGKAP
KATEGORI
SEKUNDER
KATEGORI
UTAMA
MAIN ROLE
SECONDARY ROLE
THIRD ROLE
KATEGORI UTAMA FILSAFAT ILMU
M Hakikat Ilmu
A
I
N
Makna Ilmu
Bagi Mns
R
O
L KesejahteraanKes
ehatan,
E Keamanan,
Kebahagiaan
KATEGORI SEKUNDER:
Cabang filsafat khusus yg mendukung pengembangan Filsafat Ilmu
MORAL PHILOSOPHY
SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY
I
R PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION
D
Apa kompetensi yg hrs dimiliki ilmuwan profesional dlm
pendidikan?
R
O PHILOSOPHY OF LAW ?
L
E Apa yg hrs diketahui ilmuwan profesional yg terkait dng
hub antara etika & hukum? Apa perbedaan antara
pelanggaran etik dan pelanggaran hukum?
TEROBOSAN MASY. ILMIAH INDIA DLM PENERAPAN ILMU
(Soerjanto & A. Seran, 2015: 317)
Science is best, defined as careful, disciplined, logical search for knowledge about any
& all aspects of the universe, obtained by examination of the best available evidence &
always subject to correction & improvement upon discovery of better evidence
1. Mengembangkan area pemikiran ilmiah dan logis (To cultivate scientific and
logical faculty of mind)
2. Membantu perkembangan kesadaran utk menentang kepercayaan yg tdk
ilmiah, takhayul, fanatisisme, komunalisme, kasta (To foster consciousness
against unscientific beliefs, superstitions, fanaticism, communalism, casteism,
etc)
3. Menyebarkan & memopulerkan temuan2 yg berbeda dan kemajuan2 ilmu (To
disseminate and popularize different discoveries and advancements of
science);
4. Mengembangkan studi sejarah & Fils. Ilmu (To cultivate the study of history &
philosophy of science).
5. Menanamkan nilai-nilai etis & tgjwb sosial di semua bidang ilmiah (To
inculcate ethical values & social responsibility in all fields of scientific
endeavour);
LANJUTAN:
6. Memikirkan & memperkenalkan metode yg tepat dlm mengajar & mempelajari
ilmu (To devise & introduce correct method of teaching and learning of science).
7. Mengampanyekan pengenalan kebijakan yg bersifat sekuler, ilmiah & demokratis
(To conduct campaign for the introduction of a secular, scientific and democratic
education policy);
8. Menggerakkan pengenalan kebijakan2 pemerintah yg memihak rakyat dlm
kaitannya dng riset, pengembangan dan penerapan ilmu & teknologi utk
kepentingan rakyat (To move for the introduction of pro-people government
policies in regard to research, development, and application of science & technology
for the benefit people)
9. Membangun Gerakan utk menyosialisasikan SDA & penggunaan ilmu & teknologi
scr tepat utk menjamin pembangunan yg berkelanjutan & perlindungan thd
lingkungan (To build up movement for the socialization of natural resources and for
the correct use of science & technology to ensure sustainable development and
protection of environment); and
10. Menentang penyalahgunaan ilmu yg merusak nilai2 kemanusiaan
(To fight against the misuse of science for the destruction of humanity)
TREND PERKEMBANGAN KE ARAH POST-POSITIVISME
(Soerjanto & Seran, 2015: 261-262)