Philosophy 1
Philosophy 1
Philosophy 1
History:
Journey from myth to logical reasoning started from 387
BCE Aristotle’s Academy.
The earliest Greek philosophers were not known as
philosophers; they were simply known as sages. The sage
tradition provides an early glimpse of philosophical
thought in action. Sages are sometimes associated with
mathematical and scientific discoveries and at other times
with their political impact. What unites these figures is
that they demonstrate a willingness to be skeptical of
traditions, a curiosity about the natural world and our
place in it, and a commitment to applying reason to
understand nature, human nature, and society better.
It depicts a scene from the Matsya Purana, where Manu,
the first man whose succession marks the prehistorical
ages of Earth, sits with the Seven Sages in a boat to
protect them from a mythic flood that is said to have
submerged the world. The king of serpents guides the
boat, which is said to have also contained seeds, plants,
and animals saved by Manu from the flood.
The first and most important sage is pre Socrates
Thales of Miletus (624 BC-547 BC). Thales
traveled to Egypt to study with the Egyptian
priests, where he became one of the first Greeks
to learn astronomy.
Academy
Arts Philosophy
Sciences
Visual
Natural
Approaches of philosophy
Performing
Social
Literary Physics,
a) Philosophy is a set of views or beliefs about life and the universe which are oftenChemistry, Biology
held uncritically.
b) Anthropology,
Philosophy is a process of reflecting and criticizing our most deeply held conceptions and beliefs. 2 sense of philosophy
Sociology, Geography, History
“Having and Doing”, Having is not sufficient rather philosophical attitude should critical, open minded, tolerance, prejudice
free, skills of argumentation, analysis and interpretation using common sense and background knowledge.
c) Philosophy is a rational attempt to look at the world as a whole. C.D Broad says: its object to take over the results of the
various sciences, to add to them the results of the religious and ethical experiences of mankind, and then to reflect upon
the whole. The hope is that , by this means, we may be able to reach some general conclusions as to the nature of the
universe, and as to our position and prospects in it.
d) Philosophy is the logical analysis of language and the clarification of the meaning of words and concepts.
e) Philosophy is a group of perennial problems that interest people and for which philosophers always have sought answers.
What is truth? What is life and why am I here ? Why do people struggle for their rights? Is there a possibility of a life after
death?
Metaphysics General Metaphysics Ontology
Meta Phusika
beyond, above Things object
Cosmology,
Psychology or
Special Metaphysics Anthropology,
Theology or
Theodicy
Onto
Logos
Ontology Being or that which is
Knowledge or study
Pattern Formulate
recognition hypothesis
Ex: All men are mortal and “Socrates” is a man. Do/ don’t
reject
hypothesis