Number System 2023

Percentile Classes
Number System
Table of Content
Theory……………………………………..….01
Exercise 01 : Unit Digits………...…….33
Exercise 02 : Last Two Digits………..42
Exercise 03 : HCF LCM………..……….48
Exercise 04 : Remainders…………….65
Exercise 05 : Zeroes, Divisors, Base System,
Divisibility, Surds Indices……..……....80
Exercise 06 : HOTS………..………...…99
Exercise 07 : Short Answers………..108
Exercise 08 : Previous Year Questions…118
Page 1 of 125 Percentile Classes
Number System
The ten symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 are called digits, which can
represent any number.
Number System
It is a mathematical structure which includes natural numbers, whole
numbers, rational numbers, irrational numbers, etc.
Remember
• 1 is neither prime nor composite
• 1 is an odd integer
• 0 is neither positive nor negative.
• 0 is an even integer.
• 2 is prime & even both.
• All prime numbers (except 2) are odd.
No Substitute to Hardwork
Natural Numbers:
These are the number (1, 2, 3, etc.) that are used for counting.
It is denoted by N.
Even Numbers:
Natural numbers which are divisible by 2 are even numbers.
It is denoted by E.
𝐸 = 2, 4, 6, 8, …
Even Odd number are both negative and positive
Odd numbers:
Natural numbers which are not divisible/by late odd numbers.
It is denoted by O.
O = 1, 3, 5, 7,... Smallest odd number is 1.
✓ Based on divisibility, there could be two types of natural numbers: Prime

and Composite.
Prime Numbers:
Natural numbers which have exactly two factors, i.e., 1 and the number
itself are called prime numbers.
The lowest prime number is 2.
2 is also the only even prime number.
Composite Numbers:
It is a natural number that has at least one divisor different from unity and
itself
Every composite number can be factorized into its prime factors.
For Example: 24 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3. Hence, 24 is a composite number.
The smallest composite number is 4.
Whole Numbers:
The natural numbers along with zero (0), form the system of whole
numbers.
It is denoted by W.
There is no largest whole number and;
The smallest whole number is 0.
Integers:
The number system consisting of natural numbers, their negative and zero
is called integers.
It is denoted by Z or I.
The smallest and the largest integers cannot be determined.
The number line:

The number line is a straight line between negative infinity on the left to
positive infinity on the right.
Real Numbers:
All numbers that can be represented on the number line are called real
numbers. It is denoted by R.
R+: Positive real numbers and
R- : Negative real numbers.
Real numbers = Rational numbers + Irrational numbers.
𝑝
(A) Rational numbers: Any number that can be put in the form of , where p
𝑞
and q are integers and 𝑞 ≠ 0, is called rational number.
It is denoted by Q.
Every integer is a rational number.
Zero (0) is also rational number. The smallest and largest rational numbers
cannot be determined. Every fraction (and decimal fraction) is a rational
number.
𝑝 (𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟)
𝑄=
𝑞 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝑥+𝑦
• If x and y are two rational numbers, then is also a rational number
2
and its value lies between the given two rational numbers x and y.
• An infinite number of rational numbers can be determined between any
two rational numbers.
✓ Irrational numbers:
✓ The numbers which are not rational or which cannot be put in the form
𝑝
of , where p and q are intergers and 𝑞 ≠ 0, is called irrational number.
𝑞
It is denoted by Q’ or Qc
√2, √3, √5, 2 + √3, 3 − √5, 3√3 are irrational numbers
✓ Every real number is either rational or irrational
Fraction:
A fraction is a quantity which expresses a part of the whole.
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝐹𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟
Types of Fractions:
1. Proper fraction: If numerator is less than its denominator, then it is a
proper fraction.
2 6
For example: ,
5 18
2. Improper fraction: If numerator is greater than or equal to its
denominator, then it is a improper fraction.
5 18 13
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 ∶ , ,
2 7 13
Remainders
Division Algorithm:
Dividend = (Divisor × Quotient) + Remainder where,
Dividend = The number which is being divided
Divisor = The number which performs the division process
Quotient = Greatest possible integer as a result of division
Remainder= Rest part of dividend which cannot be further divided by the
divisor.
Complete remainder:
A complete remainder is the remainder obtained from a number by
the method of successive-division.
Complete remainder
𝐶. 𝑅. = 𝑑1 𝑟2 + 𝑟1
𝐶. 𝑅. = 𝑑1 𝑑2 𝑟3 + 𝑑1 𝑟2 + 𝑟1
✓ Two different numbers x and y when divided by a certain divisor

D leave remainder 𝑟1 and r2 respectively. When the sum of them
is divided by the same divisor, the remainder is 𝑟3 . Then,
𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝐷 = 𝑟1 + 𝑟2 − 𝑟3
1. The product of n consecutive natural numbers is always divisible by n!,

where n! = 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 ……x n
𝑛(𝑛+1)
Sum of first n natural numbers =
2
𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
Sum of squares of first n natural numbers =
6
𝑛(𝑛+1) 2
Sum of cubes of first n natural numbers = ( )
2
Number of single – digit natural numbers: 1-9 = 9
Number of two digit natural numbers: 10-99 = 90
Number of three digit natural numbers: 100-999 = 900
Square of every natural number can be written in the form 3n or 3n+1.
Square of every natural number can be written in the form 4n or 4n +1.
Square of a natural number can only end in 00, 1, 4, 5, 6, and 9. No
perfect square can end in 2, 3, 7, 8
Or a single 0.
The tens digit of every perfect square is even unless the square is
ending in 6 in which case the tens digit is odd.
2. To find whether a number N is prime or not

Find the root R (approximate) of the number N, i.e. R = √𝑁 . Divide N by
every prime number less than or equal to R. If N is divisible by at least
one of those prime numbers it is not a prime number. If N is not divisible
by any of those prime numbers, it is a prime number.
(Even)Odd = Even
Remember!
Even × Odd = Even
Odd + Odd = Even
Even × Even = Even
Even + Even = Even
Odd × Odd = Odd
Odd + Even = Odd
(Odd)Even × (Even)Odd = Even
(Odd)Even = Odd
(Odd)Even + (Even)Odd = Odd
3. Suppose the numbers N1, N2, N3… give quotients Q1, Q2, Q3… and
remainders R1, R2, R3..., respectively,
when divided by a common divisor D.
Therefore
N1 = D × Q1 + R1,
N2 = D × Q2 + R2,
N3 = D × Q3 + R3.. and so on.
Let P be the product of N1, N2, N3…

Therefore, P = N1N2N3.. = (D × Q1 + R1)(D × Q2 + R2)(D × Q3 + R3)..
= D × K + R1R2R3... where K is some number ---- (1)
In the above equation, since only the product R1R2R3… is free of D,

therefore
the remainder when P is divided by D is the remainder when the product
R1R2R3… is divided by D.
Let S be the sum of N1, N2, N3…

Therefore, S = (N1) + (N2) + (N3) +...
= (D × Q1 + R1) + (D × Q2 + R2) + (D × Q3 + R3)..
= D × K + R1 + R2 + R3… where K is some number--- (2)
Hence the remainder when S is divided by D is the remainder when R1

+ R2 + R3 is divided by D.
4. What is the remainder when the product 1998 × 1999 × 2000 is divided
by 7?
Answer: the remainders when 1998, 1999, and 2000 are divided by 7
are 3, 4, and 5 respectively.
Hence the final remainder is the remainder when the product 3 × 4 × 5 =
60 is divided by 7. Therefore,
remainder = 4
5. What is the remainder when 22004 is divided by 7?
Answer: 22004 is again a product (2 × 2 × 2... (2004 times)). Since 2 is

a number less than 7 we try to convert the product into product of
numbers higher than 7. Notice that 8 = 2 × 2 × 2. Therefore we convert
the product in the following manner- 22004 = 8668 = 8 × 8 × 8... (668
times).
The remainder when 8 is divided by 7 is 1. Hence the remainder when
8668 is divided by 7 is the remainder obtained when the product 1 × 1 ×
1... is divided by 7. Therefore, remainder = 1

Answer: This problem is like the previous one, except that 2006 is not
an exact multiple of 3 so we cannot convert it completely into the form
8x
. We will write it in following manner- 22006 = 8668 × 4.
Now, 8668 gives the remainder 1 when divided by 7 as we have seen in
the previous problem. And 4 gives a remainder of 4 only when divided
by 7. Hence the remainder when 22006 is divided by 7 is the remainder
when the product 1 × 4 is divided by 7. Therefore, remainder = 4

Answer: Again 2525 = (18 + 7)25 = (18 + 7)(18 + 7)...25 times = 18K +
725
Hence remainder when 2525 is divided by 9 is the remainder when 7 25
is divided by 9.
Now 725 = 73 × 73 × 73
.. (8 times) × 7 = 343 × 343 × 343... (8 times) × 7.
The remainder when 343 is divided by 9 is 1 and the remainder when 7

is divided by 9 is 7.
Hence the remainder when 725 is divided by 9 is the remainder we
obtain when the product 1 × 1 × 1... (8 times) × 7 is divided by 9. The
remainder is 7 in this case. Hence the remainder when 2525 is divided
by 9 is 7.
32
𝑧
Let me put up the steps for finding remainder when 𝑋 𝑌 is divided by D.
1. Divide X by D. let the remainder be r. therefore, you have to find the
𝑧
Remainder when 𝑅 𝑌 is divided by D. 32 gives a remainder 4 when
divided by 7. Therefore, you are trying to find the remainder when
32
432 is divided by 7.
2. Find a power of R that gives a remainder of + 1 or -1 with D, if you find a
power that gives a remainder – 1, twice of that power will give a
remainder of +1. Now I know that 43 = 64 gives a remainder 1 when
divided by 7.
3. Find the remainder when 𝑌 𝑧 is divided by that power. Here, find the
remainder when 3232 is divded by 3. The remainder is 1. Therefore, 3232
32
can be written as 3k +1 and 432 can be written as 43𝑘+1 or (43 )𝑘 x 4.
4. Now (43 ) gives a remainder 1 when divided by 7. Therefore, we need to

find the remainder when 4 is divided by 7. Therefore, the remainder is 4.
SOME SPECIAL CASES:
When both the dividend and the divisor have a factor in common.
Let N be a number and Q and R be the quotient and the remainder when N
is divided by the divisor D.
Hence, N = Q × D + R.
Let N = k × A and D = k × B where k is the HCF of N and D and k > 1.
Hence kA = Q × kB + R.
Let Q1 and R1 be the quotient and the remainder when A is divided by B.
Hence A = B × Q1 + R1.
Putting the value of A in the previous equation and comparing we get
k(B × Q1 + R1) = Q × kB + R ➔ R = kR1.
Hence to find the remainder when both the dividend and the divisor have a
factor in common,
• Take out the common factor (i.e. divide the numbers by the common
factor)
• Divide the resulting dividend (A) by resulting divisor (B) and find the
remainder (R1).
• The real remainder R is this remainder R1 multiplied by the common factor
(k).
What the remainder when 296 is divided by 96?
The common factor between 296 and 96 is 32 = 25

.
Removing 32 from the dividend and the divisor we get the numbers 291 and
3 respectively.
The remainder when 291 is divided by 3 is 2.
Hence the real remainder will be 2 multiplied by common factor 32.
Remainder = 64
The concept of negative remainder
15 = 16 × 0 + 15 or 15 = 16 × 1 – 1.
The remainder when 15 is divided by 16 is 15 the first case and −1 in the
second case. Hence, the remainder when 15 is divided by 16 is 15 or −1.
When a number N < D gives a remainder R (= N) when divided by D, it

gives a negative remainder of R − D.
For example, when a number gives a remainder of −2 with 23, it means that
the number gives a remainder of 23 – 2 = 21 with 23.
9. Find the remainder when 752 is divided by 2402.

Answer: 752 = (74)13 = (2401)13 = (2402 - 1)13 = 2402K + (-1)13 = 2402K-1.
Hence, the remainder when 752 is divided by 2402 is equal to −1 or 2402 – 1

= 2401.
Remainder = 2401.
When dividend is of the form an + bn or an – bn
Theorem1: an + bn is divisible by a + b when n is ODD.
Theorem 2: an – bn is divisible by a + b when n is EVEN.
Theorem 3: an – bn is ALWAYS divisible by a – b.
10. What is the remainder when 3444 + 4333 is divided by 5?

Answer: The dividend is in the form ax + by . We need to change it into the
form an + bn.
3444 + 4333 = (34 )111 + (43 )111 . Now (34 )111 + (43)111 will be divisible by 34 +
43 = 81 + 64 = 145. Since the number is divisible by 145 it will certainly be
divisible by 5. Hence, the remainder is 0.
11. What is the remainder when (5555)2222 + (2222)5555 is divided by 7?

Answer: The remainders when 5555 and 2222 are divided by 7 are 4 and
3 respectively. Hence, the problem reduces to finding the remainder when
(4)2222 + (3)5555 is divided by 7.
Now (4)2222 + (3)5555 = (42)1111 + (35)1111 = (16)1111 + (243)1111.
Now (16)1111 + (243)1111 is divisible by 16 + 243 or it is divisible by 259,

which is a multiple of 7. Hence the remainder when (5555)2222 + (2222)5555 is
divided by 7 is zero.
12. 202004 + 162004 – 32004 − 1 is divisible by:

(a) 317 (b) 323 (c) 253 (d) 91
Answer: 202004 + 162004 – 32004 – 1 = (202004 – 32004) + (162004 – 12004).

Now 202004 – 32004 is divisible by 17 (Theorem 3) and
162004 – 12004 is divisible by 17 (Theorem 2).
Hence the complete expression is divisible by 17.
202004 + 162004 – 32004 – 1 = (202004 – 12004) + (162004 – 32004).

Now 202004 – 12004 is divisible by 19 (Theorem 3)
and 162004 – 32004 is divisible by 19 (Theorem 2).
Hence the complete expression is also divisible by 19.
Hence the complete expression is divisible by 17 × 19 = 323.
13. When f(x) = a + bx + cx2 + dx3 +... is divided by x – a

The remainder when f(x) = a + bx + cx2 + dx3 +.. is divided by x – a is f(a).
Therefore, If f(a) = 0, (x− a) is a factor of f(x).
What is the remainder when x3 + 2x2 + 5x + 3 is divided by x + 1?

Answer: The remainder when the expression is divided by (x − (−1)) will
be f(−1). Remainder = (−1)3 + 2(−1)2
+ 5(−1) + 3 = −1
14. If 2x3 −3x2 + 4x + c is divisible by x – 1, find the value of c.

Answer: Since the expression is divisible by x – 1, the remainder f(1)
should be equal to zero ⇒ 2 – 3 + 4 + c = 0, or c = −3.
Euler’s Theorem
If M and N are two numbers coprime to each other, i.e. HCF(M,N) 1 and N =
𝑀𝛷(𝑁) 1 1 1
p q r
a b c ..., Remainder [ ] = 1, where 𝛷(𝑁) = N (1- ) (1- ) (1- ) … and is
𝑁 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
knows as Euler’s Totient function.. 𝛷(𝑁) is also the number of numbers less
than abc and prime

Answer: 5 and 63 are coprime to each other, therefore we can apply
Euler’s theorem here.
1 1
63 = 32 × 7 ⇒ Φ(63) = (63- ) (1- ) = 36
3 7
537 536 𝑥 5
Therefore, Remainder [ ] Remainder [ ]=5
63 63
16. Find the last three digits of 57802.

Answer: Many a times (not always), the quicker way to calculate the last
three digits is to calculate the
remainder by 1000. We can see that 57 and 1 000 are coprime to each
other. Therefore, we can use
Euler’s theorem here if it’s useful.
1 1
1000 = 23 × 53 ⇒ φ (1000) 1000(1 - )(1 - ) = 400
2 4
Therefore,
57400 57400 𝑥 57400 57800

Remainder [ ] = 1 ➔ Remainder [ ] = Remainder [ ]=1
1000 100 1000
57802 57800 𝑥 572

Remainder [ ] Remainder [ ] = 249
1000 1000
Hence, the last two digits of 57802 are 249.
Fermat’s Theorem
If p is a prime number and N is prime to p, then Np – N is divisible by p.
17. What is the remainder when n7 – n is divided by 42?

Answer: Since 7 is prime, n7 – n is divisible by 7.
n7 – n = n(n6 – 1) = n (n + 1)(n – 1)(n4 + n2 + 1).
Now (n – 1)(n)(n + 1) is divisible by 3! = 6. Hence n7 – n is divisible by 6 x 7

= 42. Hence the remainder is 0.
Fermat's Little Theorem

1
If N in the above Euler’s theorem is a prime number, then 𝛷 (N) = N(1 - ) =
𝑁
N – 1.
Therefore, if M and N are coprime to each other and N is a prime number,
𝑀𝑁−1
Remainder [ ]=1
𝑁

Answer: 31 is a prime number therefore φ(N) = 30. 52 and 31 are prime to
each other. Therefore, by Fermat’s theorem:
5230 5260
Remainder [ ] = 1 Remainder [ ]=1
31 31
Wilson’s Theorem
(𝑃 − 1)! + 1
If P is a prime number then [ ] = 0. In other words, (P - 1)! + 1 is
𝑃
divisible by P if P is a prime number. It also means that the remainder when
(P − 1)! Is divided by P is P − 1 when P is prime.
19. Find the remainder when 40! is divided by 41.

Answer: By Wilson’s theorem, we can see that 40! + 1 is divisible by 41 ⇒
40!
Remainder [ ] = 41 – 1 = 40
41
Chinese Remainder Theorem

This is a very useful result. It might take a little time to understand and
master Chinese remainder theorem completely but once understood, it is an
asset.
If a number N = a × b, where a and b are prime to each other, i.e., hcf(a, b)

𝑀
= 1, and M is a number such that MM M Remainder[ ] = r1 and
𝑎
𝑀 𝑀
Remainder[ ] = r2 then Remainder[ ] = ar2 x br1 y, where ax + by = 1
𝑏 𝑁
Confused?
Following example will make it clear.
Answer: 77 = 11 × 7.
3101 310
By Fermat’s little theorem, = 1 AND Remainder =1
7 11
3101 396 𝑥 35 (36 )16 𝑥 35
Remainder = Remainder [ ] = Remainder[ ] = Remainder
7 7 7
1 𝑥 35
= 5 = r1
7
3101 3100 𝑥 3 (310 )10 𝑥 3
Remainder = Remainder [ ] = Remainder[ ] = Remainder
11 11 11
1𝑥3
= 3 = r2
11
Now we will find x and y such that 7x + 11y = 1. By observation we can find
out, x = −3 and y = 2.
3101
Now we can say that Remainder [ ] = 7 x 3 x -3 + 11 x 5 x 2 = 47
77
Some Special Problems:
21. Find the remainder when 123456789101112……..40 is divided by 36.

Answer: 36 = 9 × 4. Therefore, we first find the remainders when this
number is divided by 9 and 4.
The remainder by 9 would be the remainder when the sum of digits is
divided by 9. Sum of digits = 4 × (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + … + 9) + 10 × (1 + 2 + 3) +
4 = 180 + 60 + 4 = 244 ⇒ remainder by 9 = 1.
The remainder by 4 would be the remainder when the last two digits are
divided by 4 ⇒ remainder by 4= 0.
Therefore, to find the remainder we need to find the smallest multiple of 4
that gives remainder 1 with 9.
The smallest such number = 28. Therefore, remainder = 28.
22. Find the remainder when 1121231234…12345678 is divided by 36.

Answer: 36 = 9 × 4. Therefore, we first find the remainders when this
number is divided by 9 and 4.
The remainder by 9 would be the remainder when the sum of digits is
divided by 9.
Sum of digits = 1 × 8 + 2 × 7 + 3 × 6 + … + 8 × 1 = 120 ⇒ remainder by 9 =
3.
The remainder by 4 would be the remainder when the last two digits are
divided by 4 ⇒ remainder by 4 = 2.
The overall remainder would be the smallest number that gives remainder 3
with 9 and remainder 2 with 4.
Therefore, the number would satisfy the equation 9a + 3 = 4b + 2 ⇒ 4b − 9a
= 1 ⇒ (a, b) = (3, 7) and the number = 30. Therefore, remainder = 30.
Let n! = 1 × 2 × 3 × … × n for integer n ≥ 1. If p = 1! + (2 × 2!) + (3 × 3!) + …

+ (10 × 10!), then p+2 when divided by 11! leaves a remainder of
1. 10 2. 0 3. 7 4. 1
Answer: nth term of the series = n × n! = (n + 1 − 1) × n! = (n + 1)! − n!

Therefore, p = 2! − 1! + 3! − 2! + 4! − 3! + … + 11! − 10! = 11! − 1! ⇒ p + 2 =
11! + 1 ⇒ remainder by 11! = 1
Find the remainder when 1 × 2 + 2 × 3 + 3 × 4 + … + 98 × 99 + 99 × 100 is

divided by 101.
Answer: nth term of the series = n × (n + 1) = n2 + n.
𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1) 𝑛(𝑛+1) 𝑛(𝑛+1)(𝑛+2)
Therefore, sum of the series ∑(𝑛2 + 𝑛) = + =
6 2 6
99∗ 100∗ 101
= ➔ remainder by 101 = 0.
6
23. A number when divided by 8 leaves remainder 3 and quotient Q. The

number when divided by 5 leaves remainder 2 and quotient Q + 8. What
is the number?
Answer:
Let the number be N ⇒ N = 8Q + 3 and N = 5(Q + 8) + 2 = 5Q + 42
8Q + 3 = 5Q + 42 ⇒ Q = 13 ⇒ N = 107
24. Find the largest natural number that divides 364, 414, and 539 and
leaves the same remainder in each case.
Answer:
Let the divisor be D and the remainder be R. Therefore, 364 = Da + R, 414
= Db + R, 539 = Dc + R
Subtracting first equation from the second and the second equation from the
third we get
50 = D (b − a) and 125 = D (c − b). As D is the common factor in RHS of
both the equation, it should be the common factor on the LHS of both the
equation. The HCF of 50 and 125 is 25. Therefore, the highest number can
be 25.
What is the remainder when ⏟

11111. . .11111 is divided by 243 ?
243 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠
Answer: It can be proved that a number formed by writing any single digit
3n times will be divisible by 3n. This is left to students to check it out.
25. Find the remainder when 139 + 239 + 339 + 439 + ... + 1239 is divided by
39.
Answer: 1p + 2p + 3p + … np is divisible by 1 + 2 + 3 + … + n if p is odd.
Therefore, remainder = 0 as 1 + 2 + 3 + … + 12 = 78 which is a factor of 13.
Divisors of a Number
Divisors: For a natural number N, all the numbers, including 1 and N itself,
which divide N completely are called divisors of N.
Example: The number 24 is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24. Hence

all these numbers are divisors of 24.
How to find the number of divisors of a number:

Let us the find the number of divisors of 60.
60 = 22 × 3 × 5.
Any divisors of 60 will have powers of 2 equal to either 20 or 21 or 22.

Similarly, any divisor of 60 will have powers of 3 equal to either 3 0 or 31,
and powers of 5 equal to either 50 or 51
To make a divisor of 60, we will have to choose a power of 2, a power of 3

and a power of 5.
A power of 2 can be chosen in 3 ways out of 20 or 21, or 22.
Similarly, a power of 3 can be chosen in 2 ways and a power of 5 can be
chosen in 2 ways.
Therefore, the number of divisors = 3 × 2 × 2 = 12.
Notice that we have added 1 each to powers of 2, 3 and 5 and multiplied.
Now for the formula:
Let N be a composite number such that N = (x)a(y)b(z)c.. where x, y, z.. are

prime factors. Then, the number of divisors of N = (a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1)..
26. If N is Natural number, N has 4 factors, and summation of factors

excluding N is 31, how many values for N are possible?
Answer: Let N be a composite number such that N = (2)a (y)b(z)c..
where y, z.. are prime factors. Then, the number of even divisors of N =
(a)(b + 1)(c + 1) and number of odd divisors of N = (b + 1)(c + 1)
27. How many divisors of 21600 are perfect squares?

Answer: In a perfect square, all the prime factors have even powers.
For example, 25 × 68 will not be a perfect square as the power of 2 is odd
whereas 24 × 68 will be a perfect square because all the prime factors have
even powers. 21600 = 25 × 33 × 52 therefore, all the divisors made by even
powers of 2, 3 and 5 will be perfect squares.
The even powers of 2 are 20, 22, 24, even powers of 3 are 30 and 32, and
even powers of 5 are 50 and 52
We can select an even power of 2 in 3 ways, even power of 3 in 2 ways,
and even power of 5 in 2 ways.
Therefore, the number of combinations = 3 × 2 × 2 = 12.
Sum of Divisors
prime factors.
𝑥 𝑎+1 𝑦 𝑏+1 𝑧 𝑐+1
Then, the sum of divisors of N = x x …..
𝑥−1 𝑦−1 𝑧−1
28. What is the sum of divisors of 60?

2 23 −1 32 −1 52 −
Answer: 60 = 2 × 3 × 5 ⇒ Sum of the divisors = 2−1
x
3−1
x
5−1
= 168
29. Find the sum of even divisors of 25 × 35 × 54

Answer: All the even divisors of the number will have powers of 2 equal to
one of 2, 22, 23, 24, or 25.
Therefore, sum of even divisors = (2 + 22 + 23 + 24 + 25) × (1 + 3 + 32 + 33 +
34 + 35) × (1 + 5 + 52+ 53 + 54)
2(25 −1) 36 −1 55 −1
= x x = 17625608
2−1 3−1 5−1
Product of Divisors
prime factors.
Then, the product of divisors of
(𝑎+1)(𝑏+1)(𝑐+1) (𝑎+1)(𝑏+1)(𝑐+1)
N = (n) = (xaybzc)
2 2
What is the product of divisors of 60?

3𝑥2𝑥2
Answer: 60 = 22 × 3 × 5 ⇒ product of divisors of 60 = (60) 2 = 606 =
212 x 36 x 56

prime factors.
If N is not a perfect square, then, the number of ways N can be written as a
product of two numbers
(𝑎 + 1)(𝑏 +1)(𝑐 + 1) 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑠
= =
2 2
If N is a perfect square, then, the number of ways N can be written as a

product of two numbers
(𝑎 + 1)(𝑏 +1)(𝑐 + 1)+1 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑠+1
= =
2 2
REMEMBER!
A perfect square has odd number of factors. In other words, any number
which has odd number of factors is a perfect square.
For example, the divisors of 60 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, and
60. Now,
60 = 1 × 60 = 2 × 30 = 3 × 20 = 4 × 15 = 5 × 12 = 6 × 10. Therefore, divisors
occur in pairs for numbers which are not perfect squares.
The divisors of 36 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 36.

36 = 1 × 36 = 2 × 18 = 3 × 12 = 4 × 9 = 6 × 6. Therefore, divisors occur in
pairs except for the square root for numbers which are perfect squares.
How many ordered pairs of integers, (x, y) satisfy the equation xy = 110?
Answer: 110 = 2 × 5 × 11. Hence, the number of divisors of 110 is = 2 × 2 ×
2 = 8. Hence, the number of positive ordered pairs of x and y = 8 (as (2, 55)
is not same as (55, 2)). Also, since we are asked for integers, the pair
consisting of two negative integers will also suffice. Hence the total number
of ordered pairs = 2 × 8 = 16.
The number of ways in which a composite number can be resolved into two
factors which are prime to each other = 2n – 1, where n is the number of
different prime factors of the number.
For example, let the number N = 210 × 37 × 56 × 74. We have to assign these
prime factors and their powers to one of the two factors. As the two factors
will be prime to each other, we will have to assign a prime factor with its
power (for example 210) completely to one of the factors. For every prime
factor, we have two ways of assigning it. Therefore, the total number of
ways = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 16. As we are not looking for ordered pairs, the
16
required number of ways = = 8.
2
Number of numbers less than or prime to a given number:
If N is a natural number such that N = ap × bq × cr, where a, b, c are different

prime factors and p, q, r are positive integers, then the number of positive
1 1 1
integers less than and prime to N = (1 − ) (1 − ) (1 − ). Therefore,
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
1 1 1
N(1 − ) (1 − ) (1 − ) number have no factor in common with N.
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
Unit’s Digit
30. To find the units digit of xy we only consider the units digits of the
number x.
To calculate units digit of 237234 we only consider the units digit of 237.
Hence, we find the units digit of 7234.
To find the units digit of a × b, we only consider the units digits of the
numbers a and b.
To calculate units digit of 233 × 254, we only consider the units digit of 233
and 254 i.e. 3 and 4, respectively. Hence, we find the units digit of 3 x 4,
respectively.
To calculate units digit of xy where x is a single digit number
To calculate units digit of numbers in the form xy such 7253, 893, 374 etc.
Case 1: When y is NOT a multiple of 4
We find the remainder when y is divided by 4. Let y = 4q + r where r is the
remainder when y is divided by 4, and
0 < r < 4. The units digit of xy is the units digit of xr
Case 2: When y is a multiple of 4

We observe the following conditions:
Even numbers 2, 4, 6, 8 when raised to powers which are multiple of 4 give
the units digit as 6.
Odd numbers 3, 7, and 9 when raised to powers which are multiple of 4 give
the units digit as 1.
31. Find the units digit of 733.

Answer: The remainder when 33 is divided by 4 is 1. Hence the units digit
of 733 is the unit digit of 71 =7
32. Find the units digit of 4347.

Answer: The units digit of 4347 can be found by finding the units digit of
347. 47 gives a remainder of 3 when divided by 4. Hence units digit = units
digit of 33 = 7
33. Find the units digit of 2828 – 2424.

Answer: We have to find the units digit of 828 – 424. Since 28 and 24 are
both multiples of 4, the unit digits of both 828 and 424 will be 6. Hence the
units digit of the difference will be 0.
34. Find the units digit of 4343 – 2222.

Answer: Unit digit of 4343 is 7 and units digit of 2222 is 4. Hence the units
digit of the expression will be 7 – 4 = 3.
3
35. Find the units digit of 33
Answer: Again, we find the remainder when the power is divided by 4.

Therefore, we find the remainder when 33 is divided by 4. Now, 33 = 27,
remainder by 4 = 3.
3
Therefore, units digit of 33 = units digit of 33 = 7.
1317
36. Find the units digit of 711 .
Answer: Again, we find the remainder when the power is divided by 4.
Therefore, we find the remainder when
17
1113 is divided by 4. Now 11 = 12 − 1 ⇒ Remainder [11Odd] =
Remainder[(−1)Odd] = −1 = 3.
1317
Therefore, units digit of 711 = units digit of 73 = 3.
37. Find the units digit of 13 + 23 + 33 + … + 983 + 993

Answer: Unit digit of 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73, 83, 93 are 1, 8, 7, 4, 5, 6, 3, 2,
and 9, respectively. The sum of these units digits gives a unit digit of 5. Now
these units digit will repeat 10 times each. Therefore, units digit of the sum =
5 × 10 = 0.
Last Two Digits

Before we start, let me mention binomial theorem in brief as we will need it
for our calculations.
𝒏!
(𝒙 + 𝒂)𝒏 = 𝒏 𝑪𝟎 𝒂𝒏 + 𝒏 𝑪𝟏 𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒏 𝑪𝟐 𝒂𝒏−𝟐 𝒙𝟐 + ⋯ 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒏 𝑪𝒓 =
𝒓! (𝒏 − 𝒓)!
Last two digits of numbers ending in 1

Let’s start with an example.
What are the last two digit of 𝟑𝟏𝟕𝟖𝟔 ?

Solution:
31786 = (30 + 1)786 = 786 𝐶0 × 1786 + 786 𝐶1 × 1785 × (30) + 786 𝐶2 × 1784 ×
302 + ⋯,
Note that all the terms after the second term will end in two or more zeroes.
The first two terms are 786 𝐶0 × 1786 and 786 𝐶1 × 1785 × (30). Now, the
second term will end with one zero and the tens digit of the second term will
be the product of 786 and 3 i.e., 8.
Therefore, the last two digit of the second term will be 80. The last digit of
the first term is 1.
So the last two digits of 31786 are 81.
Now, here is the shortcut:

Multiply the tens digit of the number (3 here) with the last digit of the
exponent (6 here) to get the tens digit. The units digit is equal to one.
Here are some more examples:
Find the last two digits of 412789

In no time at all you can calculate the answer to be 61(4 × 9 = 36 .
Therefore, 6 will be the tens digit and one will be the units digit)
Find the last two digit of 7156747

Last two digits will be 91 (7 × 7 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 9 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1 𝑎𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡)
Find the last two digits of 51456 × 61567
The last two digits of 51456 will be 01 and the last two digits of 61567 will be
21. Therefore, the last two digits of 51456 × 61567 will be the last two digits of
01 × 21 = 21
Last two digits of numbers ending in 3, 7 or 9
Find the last two digits of 19266 .

19266 = (192 )133 . Now, 192 ends in 61(192 = 361) therefore, we need to
find the last two digits of (61)133 .
Once the number is ending in 1 we can straight away get the last two digits
with the help of the previous method. The last two digits are 81(6 × 3 = 18,
𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 1)

33288 = (334 )72 . Now 334 ends in 21(334 = 332 × 332 = 1089 × 1089 =
xxxxx21) therefore, we need to find the last two digits of 2172 . By the
previous method, the last two digits of 2172 = 41 (𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡 = 2 × 2 =
4, 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡 = 1)
So here’s the rule for finding the last two digits of numbers ending in 3, 7
and 9:
Convert the number till the number gives 1 as the last digit and then
find the last two digits according to the previous method.
Now try the method with a number ending in 7:

87474 = 87472 × 872 = (874 )118 × 872 = (69 × 69)118 × 69
(The last two digits of 872 are 69) = 61118 × 69 = 81 × 69 = 89
If you understood the method then try your hands on these questions:
Find the last two digits of:

1. 27456
2. 7983
3. 583512
Last two digits of number ending in 2, 4, 6 or 8
There is only one even two-digit number which always ends in itself (last
two digits) – 76 i.e. 76 raised to any power gives the last two digits as 76.
Therefore, our purpose is to get 76 as last two digits for even numbers.
We know that 242 ends in 76 and 210 ends in 24.
Also, 24 raised to an even power always ends with 76 and 24 raised to an
odd power always ends with 24.
Therefore, 2434 will end in 76 and 2453 will end in 24.

2543 = (210 )54 × 23 = (24)54 (24 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟) × 23 = 76 × 8 =
80
(Note: Here if you need to multiply 76 with 2𝑛 , then you can straightaway
write the last two digits of 2𝑛 because when 76 is multiplied with 2𝑛 the last
two digits remain the same as the last two digits of 2𝑛 . Therefore, the last
two digits of 76 × 27 will be the last two digits of 27 = 28.
Note this works only for powers of 2 ≥ 2)
Same method we can use for any number which is of the form 2𝑛 . Here is
an example:
Find the last two digits of 64236

64236 = (26 )236 = 21416 = (210 )141 × 26 = 24141 (24 raised to odd power)
× 64 = 24 × 64 = 36
Now those numbers which are not in the form of 2n can be broken down
into the form 2𝑛 × 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟. We can find the last two digits of both the
parts separately.
Here are some examples:

62586 = (2 × 31)586 = 2586 × 3586 = (210 )58 × 26 × 31586 = 76 × 64 × 81 =
84
54380 = (2 × 33 )380 = 2380 × 31140 = (210 )38 × (34 )285 = 76 × 81285 =

76 × 01 = 76.

56283 = (23 × 7)283 = 2849 × 7283 = (210 )84 × 29 × (74 )70 × 73 =
76 × 12 × (01)70 × 43 = 16

78379 = (2 × 39)379 = 2379 × 39379 = (210 )37 × 29 × (392 )189 × 39 =
24 × 12 × 81 × 39 = 92
Power of a number contained in a factorial

𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
Highest power of prime number p in 𝑛! = [ ] + [ 2 ] + [ 3 ] + [ 4 ] +
𝑝 𝑝 𝑝 𝑝
⋯ 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 [𝑥] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x.
Find the highest power of 2 in 50!

50 50 50 50 50
The highest power of 2 in 50! = [ ] + [ ] + [ ] + [ ] + [ ] = 25 + 12 +
2 4 8 16 32
6 + 3 + 1 = 47

30 = 2 × 3 × 5 . Now 5 is the largest prime factor of 30, therefore, the
powers of 5 in 50! Will be less than those of 2 and 3. Therefore, there
cannot be more 30s than there are 5 in 50! So we find the highest power of
50 50
5 in 50! The highest power of 5 in 50! = [ ] − [ ] = 10 + 2 = 12. Hence
5 25
the highest power of 30 in 50! = 12
Find the number of zeroes present at the end of 100!

We get a zero at the end of a number when we multiply that number by 10.
So, to calculate the number of zeroes at the end of 100!, we have to find the
highest power of 10 present in the number.
Since 10 = 2 × 5, we have to find the highest power of 5 in 100! The highest
100 100
power of 5 in 100! = [ ] + [ ] = 20 + 4 = 24
5 25
Therefore, the number of zeroes at the end of 100! = 24
What is the rightmost non-zero digit in 15!?

Answer: We saw that 15! = 211 × 36 × 53 × 72 × 11 × 13. Now 23 × 53 will
give 103 𝑜𝑟 3 zeroes at the end.
Removing 23 × 53 , we will be left with 28 × 36 × 72 × 11 × 13. Calculating
units digit of each prime factor separately, the units digit of the product
28 × 36 × 72 × 11 × 13 = units digit of 6 × 9 × 9 × 1 × 3 = 8.
Therefore, rightmost non-zero digit = 8
To find the powers of 𝑝𝑎 in n! where p is a prime number and a is a natural

number.
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
[𝑝]+[ 2 ]+[ 3 ]+[ 4 ]+⋯
𝑝 𝑝 𝑝
Highest power of prime number 𝑝𝑎 in n! = [ ] where p is a
𝑎
prime number, a is a natural number and [x] denotes the greatest integer
less than or equal to x.

72 = 8 × 9. Therefore, we need to find the highest power of 8 and 9 in 72!.
100 100 100 100 100 100
[ ]+[ ]+[ ]+[ ]+[ ]+[ ]
8 = 23 ⇒ highest power of 8 in 100! = [ 2 4 8 16 32 64
] = 32
3
100 100 100 100
[ ]+[ 9 ]+[ 27 ]+[ 81 ]
2
9 = 3 ⇒ highest power 9 in 100! = [ 3 ] = 24
2
As power of 9 are less, powers of 72 in 100! = 24
Divisibility Rule
Divisibility by 2, 4, 8, 16, 32..
A number is divisible by 2, 4, 8, 16, 32,.. 2𝑛 when the number formed by the
last one, two, three, four, five… n digits is divisible by 2, 4, 8, 16, 32,.. 2𝑛
respectively.
Example: 1246384 is divisible by 8 because the number formed by the last
three digits i.e., 384 is divisible by 8. The number 89764 is divisible by 4
because the number formed by the last two digits, 64 is divisible by 4.
A 101 digit number is formed by writing first 55 natural numbers next to

each other. Find the remainder when the number is divided by 16.
Answer: to find remainder by 16 we only divide the number formed by the
last 4 digits by 16. The last 4 digits would be 5455⇒ remainder by 16 = 15.
Divisibility by 3 and 9
A number is divisible by 3 or 9 when the sum of the digits of the number is
divisible by 3 or 9 respectively.
Example: 313644 is divisible by 3 because the sum of the digits:- 3 + 1 +
3 + 6 + 4 + 4 = 21 is divisible by 3.
The number 212364 is divisible by 9 because the sum of the digit:- 2 + 1 +
2 + 3 + 6 + 4 = 18 is divisible by 9.
The six – digit number 73A998 is divisible by 6. How many values of A are
possible?
Answer: Since the number is ending in an even digit, the number is divisible
by 2. To find divisibility by 3, we need to consider sum of the digits of the
number. The sum of the digits = 7 + 3 + 𝐴 + 9 + 9 + 8 = 36 + 𝐴.
For the number to be divisible by 3, the sum of the digits should be divisible
by 3. Hence A can take values equal to 0, 3, 6, and 9. Therefore, number of
values possible = 4
Divisibility by 6, 12, 14, 15, 18..

Whenever we have to check the divisibility of number N by a composite
number C, the number N should be divisible by all the prime factors (highest
power of every prime factor) present in C.
Divisibility by 6: the number should be divisible by both 2 and 3.
Base System
Suppose you have a 1000 L tank to be filled with water. The buckets that
are available to you all have sizes that are powers of 3, i.e., 1, 3, 9, 27, 81,
243, and 729 L. Which buckets do you use to fill the tank in the minimum
possible time?
You will certainly tell me that the first bucket you will use is of 729L. That will
leave 271 L of the tank still empty. The next few buckets you will use will
243L, 27L and 1L. The use of buckets can be shown as below.
We can say that 1000 = 729 + 243 + 27 + 1

= 1 × 36 + 1 × 35 + 0 × 34 + 1 × 33 + 0 × 32 + 0 × 31 + 0 × 30 .
The number 1000 has been written in increasing powers of 3. Therefore, 3

is known as the ‘base’ in which we are expressing 1000.
For example, The number 7368 can be written as 8 + 6 × 10 + 3 × (10)2 +
7 × (10)3 .
The number 10 is called the ‘base’ in which this number was written.
Let a number abcde be written in base p, where a, b, c, d and e are single

digits less than p. The value of the number abcde = 𝑒 + 𝑑 × 𝑝 + 𝑐 × 𝑝2 +
𝑏 × 𝑝3 + 𝑎 × 𝑝4
For example, if the number 7368 is written in base 9,

The value of (7368)9 = 8 + 6 × 9 + 3 × 92 + 7 × 93 = 5408 (this value is in
base 10).
There are two kinds of operations associated with conversion of bases:
Conversion from any base to base ten

The number (𝑝𝑞𝑟𝑠𝑡𝑢)𝑏 is converted to base 10 by finding the value of the
number. i.e., (𝑝𝑞𝑟𝑠𝑡𝑢)𝑏 = 𝑢 + 𝑡𝑏 + 𝑠𝑏 2 + 𝑟𝑏 3 + 𝑞𝑏 4 + 𝑝𝑏 5 .
Convert (21344)5 to base 10.

Answer: (21344)5 = 4 + 4 × 5 + 3 × 25 + 1 × 125 + 2 × 625 = 1474
Conversion from base 10 to any base

A number written in base 10 can be converted to any base ‘b’ by first
dividing the number by ‘b’, and then successively dividing the quotients by
‘b’. The remainders, written in reverse order, give the equivalent number in
base ‘b’.
Write the number 25 in base 4.
Writing the remainders in reverse order the number 25 in base 10 is the

number 121 in base 4.
Addition, subtraction and multiplication in bases:

Add the numbers (4235)7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2354)7
Answers: The numbers are written as
4 2 3 5
2 3 5 4
The addition of 5 and 4 (at the units place) is 9, which being more than 7
would be written as 9 = 7 × 1 + 2. The Quotient is 1 and written is 2. The
Remainder is placed at the units place of the answer and the Quotient gets
carried over to the ten’s place. We obtain
+1 +1
4 2 3 5
2 3 5 4
6 6 2 2
At the tens place: 3 + 5 + 1 (carry) = 9

Similar procedure is to be followed when multiply numbers in the same base
Multiply (43)8 × (67)8

Answer:
7 × 3 = 21 = 8 × 2 + 5 ⇒ we write 5 and carry 2 × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 (8)
7 × 4 + 2 (𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑦) = 30 = 8 × 3 + 6 we write 6 and carry 3 × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 (8)
6 × 3 = 18 = 8 × 2 + 2 ⇒ we write 2 and carry 2 × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒(8)
6 × 4 + 2(𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑦) = 26 = 8 × 3 + 2 ⇒ we write 2 and carry 3 × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 (8)
(4 3)8
(6 7)8
365
322
3605
For subtraction the procedure is same for any ordinary subtraction in base
10 except for the fact that whenever we need to carry to the right we carry
the value equal to the base.
Subtract 45026 from 51231 in base 7.

Answer:
5 1 2 3 1
- 4 5 0 2 6
3 2 0 2
In the units column since 1 is smaller than 6, we carry the value equal to the
base from the number on the left. Since the base is 7 we carry 7. Now, 1 +
7 = 8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 8 − 6 = 2. Hence we write 2 in the units column. We proceed
the same way in the rest of the columns.
Important rules about bases

A number in base N is divisible by N – 1 when the sum of the digits of the
number in base N is divisible by N – 1.
When the digits of a k – digit number 𝑁1 , written in base N are rearranged in

any order to form a new k – digit number 𝑁2 , the difference 𝑁1 − 𝑁2 is
divisible by N – 1.
If a number has even number of digits in base N, the number is divisible by

base 𝑁 + 1 if the digits equidistant from each end are the same, i.e., the
number is a palindrome.
A palindromic number reads the same forward and backward.
HCF and LCM

What is highest common factor (HCF) and least common multiple (LCM)?
How do you calculate HCF and LCM of two or more numbers? Are you
looking for problems on HCF and LCM? This chapter will answer all these
questions.
Highest Common Factor (HCF)

The largest number that divides two or more given numbers is called the
highest common factor (HCF) of those numbers. There are two methods to
find HCF of the given numbers:
Prime Factorization Method:- When a number is written as the product of

prime numbers, the factorization is called the prime factorization of that
number. For example, 72 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 23 × 32
To find the HCF of given numbers by this method, we perform the prime
factorization of all the numbers and then check for the common prime
factors. For every prime factor common to all the numbers, we choose the
least index of that prime factor among the given number. The HCF is
product of all such prime factors with their respective least indices.
Find the HCF of 72, 288, and 1080

Answer: 72 = 23 × 32 , 288 = 25 × 32 , 1080 = 23 × 33 × 5
The prime factors common to all the numbers are 2 and 3. The lowest
indices of 2 and 3 in the given numbers are 3 and 2 respectively.
Hence, HCF = 23 × 32 = 72.
Find the HCF of 36𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 24𝑥 4 𝑦.

Answer: 36𝑥 3 𝑦 2 = 22 ∙ 32 ∙ 𝑥 3 ∙ 𝑦 2 , 24𝑥 4 𝑦 = 23 ∙ 3 ∙ 𝑥 4 ∙ 𝑦. The least index of
2, 3, x and y in the numbers are 2, 1, 3 and 1 respectively. Hence the HCF
= 22 ∙ 3 ∙ 𝑥 2 ∙ 𝑦 = 12𝑥 2 𝑦.
Division method:- To find HCF of two numbers by division method, we

divide the higher number by the lower number. Then we divide the lower
number by the first remainder, the first remainder by the second
remainder… and so on, till the remainder is 0. The last divisor is the
required HCF.
Find the HCF of 288 and 1080 by the division method.

Answer:
Hence, the last divisor 72 is the HCF of 288 and 1080.
Exercise – 01
Unit Digit
1. If x is an even number, then x4n, where n is a positive integer, will

always have
(a) zero in the unit's place (b) 6 in the unit's place
(c) either 0 or 6 in the unit's place (d) None of these
2. Find the units digit of the expression 256251 + 36528 + 7354.

(a) 4 (b) 0 (c) 6 (d) 5
3. Find the unit digit of

1324 × 6857 + 2413 × 5768 + 1234 + 5678.
4. The last digit of the following expression is:

(1!)1 + (2!)2 + (3!)3 + (4 !)4 + ... + (10!)10
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7
5. Find the unit digit of 36 × 47 × 63 ×74 × 82 × 95.
6. Find the unit digit of (12)78 .
7. Find the unit digit of the product, of all the odd prime numbers.
8. In the product 459 × 46 × 28𝑥 × 484, the digit in the unit place is 8. The
digit to come in place of x is
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) None of these
9. The digit in the unit's place of [(251)98 + (21)29 – (106)100 + (705)35 – 164
+ 259] is
(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
10. Find the unit digit of the product of all the elements of the set which
consists all the prime numbers greater than 2 but less than 222.
11. Find the last digit of the expression :
12 + 22 + 32 + 42 + ⋯ + 1002 .
12. Find the unit digit of 123 + 345 + 780 + 65 + 44.?
1 2000
13. The last digit in the decimal representation of ( ) is
5
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
14. 432 × 532 + 532 × 974 + 537 × 531 + 947 × 997

(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 8
15. 8243 × 8344 × 8497 × 8698 × 87105 × 8894

(a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) 8
16. The last digit of the number obtained by multiplying the numbers
81 × 82 × 83 × 84 × 85 × 86 × 87 × 88 × 89 will be
(a) 0 (b) 9 (c) 7 (d) 2
17. The last 5 digits of the following expression will be

(1!)5 + (2!)4 + (3!)3 + (4!)2 + (5!)1 + (10!)5 + (100!)4 + (1000!)3 + (10000!)2
+ (100000!)
(a) 45939 (b) 00929 (c) 20929 (d) can't be determined
18. 67 × 37 × 43 × 91 × 42 × 33 × 42
(a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 4
19. 1255/311 + 848/1618 will give the digit at-units place as

(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 0
20. Unit's digit in (784)126 + (784)127 is

(a) 0 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
21. The digit in the unit's place of the product (2464)1793 × (615)317 ×
(131)491 is
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 5
22. Find the last digit of the number 13 + 23+ 33 + 43... + 993
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 5
23. Find the units digit of the expression 111 + 122 + 133 + 144 + 15s + 166.
(a) 1 (b) 9 (c) 7 (d) 0
24. Find the unit of 676 × 543 × 19.
25. Find the unit digit of 135 × 361 × 970.
26. Find the unit digit of 235 .
27. Find the unit digit of (33)123.
28. Find the unit digit of 347 + 752.
29. Find the unit digit of 111! (factorial 111).
30. Find the unit digit of the product of all the prime number between 1 and
(11)11.
31. Find the last digit of 222888 + 888222.
32. Find the unit digit of 11 + 22 + 33 + … 1010.
33. Find the unit digit of the expression

8889235! + 2229235! + 6662359! + 9999999!.
34. 67 × 35 × 43 × 91 × 47 × 33 × 49
(a) 1 (b) 9 (c) 5 (d) 6
35. 67 × 35 × 45 + 91 × 42 × 33 × 82
(a) 8 (b) 7 (c) 0 (d) 5
36. (52)97 × (43)72

(a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 4
37. (55)75 × (93)175 × (107)275

(a) 7 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 0
38. (173)45 × (152)77 × (777)999
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 6
39. Find the last digit of the number 12 + 22 +...+ 992.

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
40. Find the units digit of the expression 55725 + 735810 + 22853.
(a) 4 (b) 0 (c) 6 (d) 5
41. Find the units digit of the expression 11'.122.133. 144.155.166.

(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) 0
42. The unit digit in the expression 36234*33512*39180 − 5429*25123*31512 will

be
(a) 8 (b) 0 (c) 6 (d) 5
43. The unit's digit of 132003 is

(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) 9
44. The digit in the unit's place of the number 12311 is

(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 7 (d) 8
45. The digit in the unit's place of the number (67)25 – 1 must be
46. The unit's digit in the product 274 × 318 × 577 × 313 is
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
47. The digit in the unit place of the number represented by (795 – 358) is
(a) 0 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 7
48. If m and n are positive integers, then the digit in the unit's place of 5n +
6m is always
(a) 1 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) n + m
Exercise – 01
Unit Digit
Solutions
Solutions
1. (c)
2. (b) The units digit would be given by 5 + 6 + 9 (numbers
ending in 5 and 6 would always end in 5 and 6 irrespective of the
power and 354 will give a units digit equivalent to 34n+2 which would
give us a unit digit of 32 i.e.9).
3. The unit digit of 324 is 1

The unit digit of 857 is 8
The unit digit of 7 68 is 1
So the resultant value of the unit digits
=1×8+4×1+4+8
= 8 + 4 + 4 + 8 = 24
Thus the unit digit of the whole expression is 4.
4. The unit digit of the given expression will be equal to the unit digit of the
sum of the unit digits of every term of the expression.
Now,
The unit digit of (1!)2 = 1
The unit digit of (2!)2= 4
Thus the last digit of the (7!)7, (8!)8, (9!)9, (10 !)10 will be zero. So, the
unit digit of the given expression = 7
(∵ 1 + 4 + 6 + 6 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 17)
5. The unit digit of 36 is 9


Therefore the unit digit of the given expression is 6, (since 9 × 4 × 6 ×
1 × 4 × 9 = 7776
6. The unit digit of (12)78 will be same as (2)78. Now since we know that the
cyclic period of unit digit of 2 is 4. The remainder when 78 is divided by
4 is 2. Hence the unit digit of 278 will be same as 22 which is 4. Thus the
unit digit of 1278 is 4.
7. The prime numbers are 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19...etc.

Now we know that if 5 is multiplied by any odd number it always gives
the last digit 5. So the required unit digit will be 5.
8. (a)
9. (b)
10. The set of required prime number = {3, 5, 7, 11, . . . }

Since there is no any even number in the set so when 5 will multiply with
any odd number, it will always give 5 as the last digit.
Hence the unit digit will be 5.
11. Solution……………… 0 (zero).
12. We can find the unit digit just by adding the unit digits 3, 5, 0, 5, 4 as
3 + 5 + 0 + 5 + 4 = 17
So the unit digit (or the last digit) of the resultant value of the expression
123 + 345 + 780 + 65 + 44 will be 7. (you can verify it by doing the
whole sum)
1 2000
13. ( ) = (0.2)2000 .
5
Last digit of (0.2)2000 = Last digit of (0.2)4 = 6.
14. (d)
15. (b)
16. (a) The units digit in this case would be ‘0’ because the
given expression has a pair of 2 and 5 in it’s prime factors.
17. (b) The last digit of (1!)5 = 1

The last digit of (2!)4 = 16
The last 5 digit of (10!)5 = 00000
The last 5 digit of (100!)4 = 00000
(1000!)3 = 00000
(10000!)2 = 00000
(100000!)1 = 00000
Thus the last 5 digits of the given expression = 00929
[∵ 1 + 16 + 216 + 576 + 120 + 00000 + 00000+ 00000 + 00000 +
00000 = 00929]
18. (d) The unit digit would be given by the units digit of the
multiplication of 4 × 6 × 6 × 6 = 4
1255
19. (d) 11 = 344 . 455 → 4 as units place.
3
Similarly, 8 /1618 = 272 → 6 as the unit place.
48
Hence, 0 is the answer.

20. (a)
21. (a)
22. (a)
23. (b) The respective units digits for the six parts of the
expression would be:
1 + 4 + 7 + 6 + 5 + 6 + = 29 → required answer is 9. Option (b) is
correct.
24. We can find the unit digit of the product of the given expression just by
multiplying the unit digits (6, 3, 9) instead of doing the whole sum.
Thus 6 × 3 × 9 = 162
Hence, the unit digit of the product of the given expression will be 2,
(you can verify it by doing the complete sum)
25. The unit digit can be obtained by multiplying the unit digits 5, 1, 0. then
5 × 1 × 0 = 0 thus the unit digit will be zero.
26. Answer……….. is 8.
27. Since we know that the unit digit of (33)123 will be same as (3)123. Now
the unit-digit of 3123 will be 7 since it will be equal to the unit digit of 33.
Thus the unit digit of (3)123 is 7.
28. The unit digit of the given expression will be equal to the unit digit of the
sum of the unit digits of both the terms individually.
Now, unit digit of 347 is 7 (since it will be equal to 33) and the unit digit of
752 is 1 (since it will be equal to 74)
Thus the unit digit of 347 + 752 is 7 + 1 = 8.
29. 111! = = 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 × … × 110 × 111

Since there is a product of 5 and 2 hence it will give zero as the unit
digit.
Hence the unit digit of 111! is 0 (zero).
30. The set of prime number 𝑆 = {2, 3,5, 7,11,13, . . . }

Since there is one 5 and one 2 which gives 10 after multiplying mutually,
it means the unit digit will be zero.
31. The last digit of the expression will be same as the last digit of 2888 +
8222 .
Now the last digit of 2888 is 6 and the last digit of the 8222 is 4.
Thus the last digit of 2888 + 8222 is 0 (zero), since 6 + 4 = 10.
32. The unit digit of 11 = 1

The unit digit of 22 = 4
Thus the unit digit of the given expression will be 7: (∵ 1 + 4 + 7 +
6 + 5 + 6 + 3 + 6 + 9 = 47)
33. Answer : 9
First of all we find the unit digit individually of all the four terms,
So, the unit digit of 8889235! is equal to the unit digit of 89235!
Now, the unit digit of 89235! is equal to the unit of 84 (since 9235! is
divisible by 4), which is 6.
34. (c)
35. (b)
36. (a)
37. (c)
38. (c)
39. (a)
40. (c) The respective units digit for the three parts of the
5 + 9 + 2 = 16 → required answer is 6. Option (c) is correct.
41. (d) The respective unit digits for the six parts of the
1 × 4 × 7 × 6 × 5 × 6 → required answer is 0. Option (d) is correct.
42. (c) It can be seen that the first expression is larger than the
second one. Hence, the required answer would be given by the (units
digits of the first expression – units digit of the second expression) =
6 − 0 = 6. Option (c) is correct.
43. (c)
44. (c)
45. (b)
46. (a)
47. (b)
48. (a)
Exercise – 02
Last Two Digit
1. Find the last two digits of 412789 ?
……………………………
2. Find the last two digits of 7156747?

……………………………
3. Find the last two digits of 51456 × 61567 ?

……………………………
4. Find the last two digits of 19266 .

……………………………

……………………………
6. Find the last two digits of 87474 .?

……………………………

……………………………

……………………………
9. Find the last two digits of (51)2008

……………………………

……………………………
11. Find the last two digits of 77214

……………………………

……………………………

……………………………

……………………………

……………………………

……………………………

……………………………
18. Find the last two digits of 7(81!)

……………………………

……………………………
20. Find the last two digits of 9! + 99! + 999! + 9999! + 99999!
……………………………
21. Find the last two digits of 5! + 55! + (555)! + (5555)!

……………………………

……………………………
23. What are the last two digits of 31786 ?

……………………………

……………………………
25. Find the last two digit of 54380 .

……………………………

……………………………

……………………………
28. Find the last two digits of 1! + 11! + 111! + (1111)! + (11111)!
……………………………

……………………………

……………………………

……………………………

……………………………

……………………………

……………………………

……………………………

……………………………
……………………………

……………………………

……………………………

……………………………

……………………………
42. Find the last two digits of (1!)1 + (2!)2 + (3!)3 + (4!)4 + (5!)5 + (6!)6 +
(7!)7 + (8!)8 + (9!)9 + (10!)10
……………………………
Exercise – 02
Last Two Digit
Solutions/Hints
1. In no time at all you can calculate the answer to be 61(4 × 9 = 36.
Therefore, 6 will be the tens digit and one will be the units digit)
2. Last two digits will be 91(7 × 7 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 9 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1 𝑎𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡)
3. The last two digits of 51546 will be 01 and the last two digits of 61567 will
be 21. Therefore, the last two digits of 51456 × 61567 will be the last two
digits of 01 × 21 = 21.
4. 19266 = (192 )133 . Now, 192 ends in 61 (192 = 361) therefore, we need
to find the last two digits of (61)133 .
Once the number is ending in 1 we can straight away get the last two
digits with the help of the previous method. The last two digits are
81(6 × 3 = 18, so the tens digit will be 8 and last digit will be 1).
5. 33288 = (334 )72 . Now 334 ends in 21 (334 = 332 × 332 = 1089 × 1089 =
××××× 21) therefore, we need to find the last two digits of 2172 . By the
previous method, the last two digits of 2172 = 41 (tens digit = 2 × 2 = 4,
unit digit = 1)
So here’s the rule for finding the last two digits of numbers ending in 3, 7
and 9:
6. 87474 = 87472 × 872 = (874 )118 × 872 = (69 × 69)118 × 69 (The last two
digits of 872 are 69)= 61118 × 69 = 81 × 69 = 89.
7. 64236 = (26 )236 = 21416 = (210 )141 × 26 = 24141 (24 raised to odd
power) × 64 = 24 × 64 = 36
Now those numbers which are not in the form of 2n can be broken down
into the form 2n × odd number. We can find the last two digits of both
the parts separately.
8. 56283 = (23 × 7)283 = 2849 × 7283 = (210 )84 × 29 × (74 )70 × 73 =

76 × 12 × (01)70 × 43 = 16
9. 01
10. 81
11. 49
12. 43
13. 76
14. 24
15. 52
16. 72
17. 41
18. 01
19. 01
20. 80
21. 20
22. 25
23. Solution: 31786 = (30 + 1)786 = 786 𝐶0 × 1786 + 786 𝐶1 × 1785 ×
(30)+ 786 𝐶2 × 1784 × 302 + ⋯, Note that all terms after the second term
will end in two or more zeroes. The first two terms are 786 𝐶0 × 1786 and
786
𝐶1 × 1785 × (30). Now, the second term will end with one zero and the
tens digit of the second term will be the product of 786 and 3 i.e. 8.
Therefore, the last two digits of the second term will be 80. The last digit
of the first term is 1. So the last two digits of 31786 are 81.
24. 2543 = (210 )54 × 23 = (24)54 (24 raised to an even power) × 23 =
76 × 8 = 08
25. 54380 = (2 × 33 )380 = 2380 × 31140 = (210 )38 × (34 )285 = 76 × 81285 =
76 × 01 = 76.
26. 711=73=43
27. 7216=74=01
28. 01
29. 75
30. 78379 = (2 × 39)379 = 2379 × 39379 = (210 )84 × 29 × (392 )189 × 39 =
24 × 12 × 81 × 39 = 92 .
31. 81
32. 91
33. 07
34. 41
35. 61
36. 81
37. 62586 = (2 × 31)586 = 2586 × 3586 = (210 )58 × 26 × 31586 = 76 × 64 ×
81 = 84 .
38. 64
39. 25
40. 25
41. 25
42. 97
Exercise – 03
H.C.F. & L.C.M.
Directions: Mark (√) against the correct answer:
1. Find the factors of 330.
(a) 2 × 4 × 5 × 11 (b) 2 × 3 × 7 × 13
(c) 2 × 3 × 5 × 13 (d) 2 × 3 × 5 × 11
2. Find the factors of 1122.

(a) 3 × 9 × 17 × 2 (b) 3 × 11 × 17 × 2
(c) 9 × 9 × 17 × 2 (d) 3 × 11 × 17 × 3
3. 252 can be expressed as a product of primes as

(a) 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7 (b) 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 7
(c) 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 7 (d) 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 7
4. The H.C.F. of 22 × 33 × 55, 23 × 32 × 52 × 7 and 24 × 34 × 5 × 72 × 11 is

(a) 22 × 32 × 5 (b) 22 × 32 × 5 × 7 × 11
(c) 24 × 34 × 55 (d) 24 × 34 × 55 × 7 × 11
5. The H.C.F. of 24 × 32 × 53 × 7, 23 × 33 × 52 × 72 and 3 × 5 × 7 × 11 is

(a) 105 (b) 1155 (c) 2310 (d) 27720
6. H.C.F. of 4 × 27 × 3125, 8 × 9 × 25 × 7 & 16 × 81 × 5 × 11 × 49 is

(a) 180 (b) 360 (c) 540 (d) 1260
7. Find the highest common factor of 36 and 84.

(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 12 (d) 18
8. Even numbers are formed by taking at least two at a time from the
numbers 0, 4, 8, 9. Their H.C.F. is
9. Which of the following is a pair of co-primes?

(a) (16, 62) (b) (18, 25) (c) (21, 35) (d) (23, 92)
10. The H.C.F. of 2923 and 3239 is
(a) 37 (b) 47 (c) 73 (d) 79
11. The L.C.M. of 23 x 32 x 5 x 11, 24 x 34 x 52 x 7 and 25 x 33 x 53 x 72 x 11

is
(a) 23 × 32 × 5 (b) 25 × 34 × 53
(c) 23 × 32 × 5 × 7 × 11 (d) 25 × 34 × 53 × 72 × 11
12. Find the lowest common multiple of 24, 36 and 40.

(a) 120 (b) 240 (c) 360 (d) 480
13. The L.C.M. of 22, 54, 108, 135 and 198 is

(a) 330 (b) 1980 (c) 5940 (d) 11880
14. The L.C.M. of 148 and 185 is

(a) 680 (b) 740 (c) 2960 (d) 3700
𝑎 𝑐 𝑒
15. The H.C.F. of , , is equal to
𝑏 𝑑 𝑓
𝐿.𝐶.𝑀.𝑜𝑓 𝑎,𝑐,𝑒 𝐻.𝐶.𝐹.𝑜𝑓 𝑎,𝑐,𝑒
(a)
𝐻.𝐶.𝐹 𝑜𝑓 𝑏,𝑑,𝑓
(b) 𝐿.𝐶.𝑀.𝑜𝑓 𝑏,𝑑,𝑓
𝐻.𝐶.𝐹.𝑜𝑓 𝑎,𝑐,𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑒
(c) (d)
𝐻.𝐶.𝐹.𝑜𝑓 𝑏,𝑑,𝑓 𝑏𝑑𝑓
2 8 64 10
16. The H.C.F. of , , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 is :
3 9 81 27
2 2 160 160
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 81 3 81
9 12 18 21
17. The H.C.F. of , , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 is
10 25 35 40
3 252 3 63
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 1400 700
1 5 2 4
18. The L.C.M. of , , , is
3 6 9 27
1 10 20
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
54 27 3
2 3 4 9
19. The L.C.M. of , , , is
3 5 7 13
1 1 12
(a) 36 (b) (c) (d)
36 1365 455
20. The G.C.D. of 1.08, 0.36 and 0.9 is
(a) 0.03 (b) 0.9 (c) 0.18 (d) 0.108
21. H.C.F. of 3240, 3600 and a third number is 36 and their L.C.M. is
24 × 35 × 52 × 72. The third number is
(a) 22 × 35 × 72 (b) 22 × 53 × 72
(b) 25 × 52 × 72 (d) 23 × 35 × 72
22. Three numbers are in the ratio 1: 2: 3 and their H.C.F. is 12. The
numbers are
(a) 4, 8, 12 (b) 5, 10, 15 (c) 10, 20, 30 (d) 12, 24, 36
23. The ratio of two numbers is 3: 4 and their H.C.F. is 4. Their L.C.M. is
(a) 12 (b) 16 (c) 24 (d) 48
24. The sum of two numbers is 216 and their H.C.F. is 27. The numbers are
(a) 27, 189 (b) 81, 189 (c) 108, 108 (d) 154, 162
25. The sum of two numbers is 528 and their H.C.F. is 33. The number of
pairs of numbers satisfying the above conditions is
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 12
26. The number of number-pairs lying between 40 and 100 with their H.C.F.
as 15 is
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
27. The H.C.F. of two numbers is 12 and their difference is 12. The
numbers are
(a) 66, 78 (b) 70, 82 (c) 94, 106 (d) 84, 96
28. The product of two numbers is 2028 and their H.CF. is 13. The number
of such pairs is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
29. Three numbers which are co-prime to each other are such that the
product of the first two is 551 and that of the last two is 1073. The sum
of the three numbers is
(a) 75 (b) 81 (c) 85 (d) 89
30. The ratio of two numbers is 13: 15 and their L.C.M. is 39780. The
numbers are
(a) 884, 1020 (b) 884, 1040 (c) 670, 1340 (d) 2652, 3060
31. The L.C.M. and ratio of four numbers are 630 and 2: 3: 5: 7 respectively.
The difference between the greatest and least numbers is
(a) 6 (b) 14 (c) 15 (d) 21
32. The H.C.F. and L.C.M. of two numbers are 12 and 336 respectively. If
one of the numbers is 84, the other is
(a) 36 (b) 48 (c) 72 (d) 96
33. If the product of two numbers is 324 and their H.C.F. is 3, then their
L.C.M. will be
(a) 972 (b) 327 (c) 321 (d) 108
34. If H.C.F. of p and q is x and 𝑞 = 𝑥𝑦, then the L.C.M. of p and q is

(a) pq (b) qy (c) xy (d) py
35. The H.C.F. and L.C.M. of two numbers are 21 and 84 respectively. If the
ratio of the two numbers is 1: 4, then the larger of the two numbers is
(a) 12 (b) 48 (c) 84 (d) 108
36. If the sum of two numbers is 36 and their H.C.F. and L.C.M. are 3 and
105 respectively, the sum of the reciprocals of the two numbers is
2 3 4
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
35 35 35
37. The L.C.M. of two numbers is 12 times their H.C.F. The sum of H.C.F.
and L.C.M. is 403. If one number is 93, find the other.
38. The L.C.M. of three different numbers is 120. Which of the following
cannot be their H.C.F.?
(a) 8 (b) 12 (c) 24 (d) 35
39. The H.C.F. and L.C.M. of two numbers are 21 and 4641 respectively. If
one of the numbers lies between 200 and 300, the two numbers are
(a) 273, 357 (b) 273, 359 (c) 273, 361 (d) 273, 363
40. 21 mango trees, 42 apple trees and 56 orange trees have to be planted
in rows such that each row contains the same number of trees of one
variety only. Minimum number of rows in which the trees may be planted
is:
(a) 3 (b) 15 (c) 17 (d) 20
41. The greatest possible length which can be used to measure exactly the
lengths 7 m, 3 m 85 cm, 12 m 95 cm is:
(a) 15 cm (b) 25 cm (c) 35 cm
(d) 42 cm
42. The capacity of two pots is 120 litres and 56 litres respectively. Find the
capacity of a container which can exactly measure the contents of the
two pots.
(a) 7500 cc (b) 7850 cc (c) 8000 cc (d) 9500 cc
43. A daily wage labourer was engaged for a certain number of days for
`5750, but being absent on some of those days he was paid only `5000.
What was his maximum possible daily wage?
(a)125 (b) 250 (c) 375 (d) 500
44. A person has to completely put each of three liquids: 403 litres of petrol,
465 litres of diesel and 496 litres of Mobil Oil in bottles of equal size
without mixing any of the above three types of liquids such that bottle is
completely filled. What is the least possible number of bottles required?
45. The least number of square tiles required to pave the ceiling of a room
15 m 17 cm long and 9 m 2 cm broad is
(a) 656 (b) 738 (c) 814 (d) 902
46. Three sets of English, Mathematics and Science books containing 336,
240 and 96 books respectively have to be stacked in such a way that all
the books are stored subject wise and the height of each stack is the
same. Total number of stacks will be
(a) 14 (b) 21 (c) 22 (d) 48
47. Four metal rods of lengths 78 cm, 104 cm, 117 cm and 169 cm are to be
cut into parts of equal length. Each part must be as long as possible.
What is the minimum number of pieces that can be cut?
(a) 27 (b) 36 (c) 43 (d) 480
48. Let N be the greatest number that will divide 1305, 4665 and 6905,
leaving the same remainder in each case. Then sum of the digits in N is
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 8
49. A milkman has 3 jars containing 57 litres, 129 litres and 177 litres of
pure milk respectively. A measuring can, after a different number of
exact measurements of milk in each jar, leaves the same amount of milk
unmeasured in each jar. What is the volume of the largest such can?
(a) 12 litres (b) 16 litres (c) 24 litres (d) None of these
50. Which greatest number will divide 3026 and 5053 leaving remainders 11
and 13 respectively?
(a) 15 (b) 30 (c) 45 (d) 60
51. Find the greatest number that will divide 964, 1238 and 1400 leaving
remainders 41, 31 and 51 respectively.
(a) 61 (b) 71 (c) 73 (d) 81
52. What is the least natural number which leaves no remainder when
divided by all the digits from 1 to 9?
(a) 1800 (b) 1920 (c) 2520 (d) 5040
1
53. The sum of two numbers is 45. Their difference is of their sum. Their
9
L.C.M. is:
(a) 100 (b) 150 (c) 200 (d) 250
54. The number between 4000 and 5000 which is divisible by 12, 18, 21
and 32 is
(a) 4023 (b) 4032 (c) 4203 (d) 4302
55. The number nearest to 43582 divisible by each of 25, 50 and 75 is

(a) 43500 (b) 43550 (c) 43600 (d) 43650
56. The greatest number which when subtracted from 5834, gives a number
exactly divisible by each of 20, 28, 32 and 35 is
(a) 1120 (b) 4714 (c) 5200 (d) 5600
57. A number less than 500, when divided by 4, 5, 6, 7 leaves remainder 1

in each case. The number is
(a) 211 (b) 420 (c) 421 (d) 441
58. What is the greatest number of 3 digits which when divided by 6, 9 and
12 leaves a remainder of 3 in each case?
(a) 903 (b) 939 (c) 975 (d) 996
59. Let the least number of six digits, which when divided by 4, 6, 10 and
15, leaves in each case the same remainder of 2, be N. The sum of the
digits in N is
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
60. Find the least number which when divided by 12 leaves a remainder of
7; when divided by 15, leave-a remainder of 10 and when divided by 16,
leaves a remainder of 11.
(a) 115 (b) 235 (c) 247 (d) 475
61. The least number, which when divided by 48, 60, 72, 108 and 140
leaves 38, 50, 62, 98 and 130 as remainders respectively is
(a) 11115 (b) 15110 (c) 15120 (d) 15210
62. What is the third term in a sequence of numbers that leave remainders
of 1, 2 and 3 when divided by 2, 3 and 4 respectively?
(a) 11 (b) 17 (c) 19 (d) 35
63. Find the greatest number of 4 digits which when divided by 4, 5, 6, 7

and 8 leaves 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 as remainders.
(a) 9237 (b) 9240 (c) 9840 (d) 9999
64. The least number which when divided by 5, 6, 7 and 8 leaves a

remainder 3, but -when divided by 9 leaves no remainder, is
(a) 1677 (b) 1683 (c) 2523 (d) 3363
65. A gardener has to plant trees in rows containing equal number of trees.
If he plants in rows of 6, 8, 10 or 12, then five trees are left unplanted.
But if he plants in rows of 13 trees each, then no tree is left. What is the
number of trees that the gardener plants?
66. When Seeta made necklaces of either 16 beads, 20 beads or 36 beads,

not a single bead was left over. What could be the least number of
beads Seeta had?
(a) 700 (b) 720 (c) 750 (d) 780
67. An electronic device makes a beep after every 60 sec. Another device
makes a beep after every 62 sec. They beeped together at 10 a.m. The
next time, when they would beep together at the earliest is
(a) 10.30 a.m. (b) 10.31 a.m. (c) 10.59 a.m. (d) 11 a.m.
68. Six bells commence tolling together and toll at intervals of 2,4, 6, 8,10
and 12 seconds respectively. In 30 minutes, how many times do they
toll together?
(a) 4 (b) 10 (c) 15 (d) 16
69. Four bells begin to toll together and toll respectively at intervals of 6, 7,
8 and 9 seconds. In 1.54 hours, how many times do they toll together
and in what interval (seconds)?
(a) 14, 504 (b) 14, 480 (c) 12, 504 (d) 16, 580
70. Three girls start jogging from the same point around a circular track and
each one completes one round in 24 seconds, 36 seconds and 48
seconds respectively. After how much time will they meet at one point?
(a) 2 minutes 20 seconds (b) 2 minutes 24 seconds
(c) 3 minutes 36 seconds (d) 4 minutes 12 seconds
71. Find the HCF of 132, 204 and 228.

(a) 12 (b) 18 (c) 6 (d) 21
72. If three numbers are 2a, 5a and 7a, what will be their LCM?
(a) 70a (b) 65a (c) 75a (d) 70a3
73. The product of two whole numbers is 1500 and their HCF is 10. Find the
LCM.
(a) 15000 (b) 150 (c) 140 (d) 15
74. A number x is divided by 7. When this number is divided by 8, 12 and

16. It leaves a remainder 3 in each case. The least value of x is:
(a) 148 (b) 149 (c) 150 (d) 147
75. The number of pair of positive integers whose sum is 99 and HCF is 9 is
(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 2
76. The ratio of two numbers is 3 : 4 and their LCM is 120. The sum of
numbers is
(a) 70 (b) 140 (c) 35 (d) 105
77. The greatest four digit number which is exactly divisible by each one of
the numbers 12,18, 21 and 28
(a) 9288 (b) 9882 (c) 9828 (d) 9928
78. The traffic lights at three different signal points change after every 45
seconds, 75 seconds and 90 seconds respectively. If all change
simultaneously at 7 : 20 : 15 hours, then they will change again
simultaneously at
(a) 7 : 28 : 00 hours (b) 7 : 27 : 45 hours
(b) 7 : 27 : 30 hours (d) 7 : 27 : 50 hours
79. The least number which is a perfect square and is divisible by each of
the numbers 16, 20 and 24, is
(a) 1600 (b) 3600 (c) 6400 (d) 14400
80. The smallest number which when diminished by 7, is divisible by 12, 16,
18, 21 and 28 is
(a) 1008 (b) 1015 (c) 1022 (d) 1032
81. The least number which when increased by 5 is divisible by each one of
24, 32, 36 and 54 is
(a) 427 (b) 859 (c) 869 (d) 4320
82. The least number, which when divided by 12, 15, 20 and 54 leaves in
each case a remainder of 8 is
(a) 504 (b) 536 (c) 544 (d) 548
83. Find the least multiple of 23, which when divided by 18, 21 and 24
leaves remainders 7, 10 and 13 respectively.
(a) 3002 (b) 3013 (c) 3024 (d) 3036
84. Find the least number which when divided by 16, 18, 20 and 25 leaves 4
as remainder in each case, but when divided by 7 leaves no remainder.
(a) 17004 (b) 18000 (c) 18002 (d) 18004
85. Four different electronic devices make a beep after every 30 minutes, 1
1
hour, 1 hour and 1 hour 45 minutes respectively. All the devices
2
beeped together at 12 noon. They will again beep together at
(a) 12 midnight (b) 3 a.m. (c) 6 a.m. (d) 9 a.m.
86. Three persons walking around a circular track complete their respective
1 1 2
single revolutions in 15 seconds, 16 seconds and 18 seconds
6 4 3
respectively.
They will be again together at the common starting point after an hour
and
(a) 10 seconds (b) 20 seconds (c) 30 seconds (d) 40 seconds
87. A, B and C start at the same time in the same direction to run around a
circular stadium. A completes a round in 252 seconds, B in 308 seconds
and C in 198 seconds, all starting at the same point. After what time will
they meet again at the starting point?
(a) 26 minutes 18 seconds (b) 42 minutes 36 seconds
(c) 45 minutes (d) 46 minutes 12 seconds
88. Three wheels can complete 40,24 and 16 revolutions per minute
respectively. There is a red spot on each wheel that touches the ground
at time zero. After how much time, all these spots will simultaneously
touch the ground again?
(a) 7.5 sec (b) 18 sec (c) 7 min (d) 18 min
89. A pendulum strikes 5 times in 3 seconds and another pendulum strikes

7 times in 4 seconds. If both pendulums start striking at the same time,
how many clear strikes can be listened in 1 minute?
(a) 195 (b) 199 (c) 200 (d) 205
90. The LCM of two numbers is 936. If their HCF is 4 and one of the
numbers is 72, the other is:
91. Two alarm clocks ring their alarms at regular intervals of 50 seconds
and 48 seconds. If they first beep together at 12 noon, at what time will
they beep again for the first time?
(a) 12:10 P.M. (b) 12:12 P.M. (c) 12:11 P.M. (d) None of these
92. 4 Bells toll together at 9:00 A.M. They toll after 7, 8, 11 and 12 seconds
respectively. How many times will they toll together again in the next 3
hours?
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
93. On Ashok Marg three consecutive traffic lights change after 36, 42 and
72 seconds, respectively. If the lights are first switched on at 9:00 A.M.
sharp, at what time will they change simultaneously?
(a) 9 : 08 : 04 (b) 9 : 08 : 24 (c) 9 : 08 : 44 (d) None of these
94. Two equilateral triangles have the sides of lengths 34 and 85,
respectively.
(a) The greatest length of tape that can measure both of them exactly is:
(b) How many such equal parts can be measured?
95. A forester wants to plant 44 apple trees, 66 banana trees and 110
mango trees in equal rows (in terms of number of trees). Also, he wants
to make distinct rows of trees (i.e. only one type of tree in one row). The
number of rows (minimum) that are required are:
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 10 (d) 11
96. Three runners running around a circular track can complete one
revolution in 2, 4 and 5.5 hours, respectively. When will they meet at the
starting point?
(a) 22 (b) 33 (c) 11 (d) 44
97. The HCF and LCM of two numbers are 33 and 264, respectively. When
the first number is divided by 2, the quotient is 33. The other number is?
(a) 66 (b) 132 (c) 198 (d) 99
98. Find the greatest number, which will divide 215, 167 and 135 so as to
leave the same remainder in each case.
(a) 64 (b) 32 (c) 24 (d) 16
99. Find the L.C.M of 2.5, 0.5 and 0.175.

(a) 2.5 (b) 5 (c) 7.5 (d) 17.5
100. The L.C.M of 4.5; 0.009; and 0.18 = ?

(a) 4.5 (b) 45 (c) 0.225 (d) 2.25
101. What is the greatest possible rate at which a man can walk 51 km
and 85 km in an exact number of minutes?
(a) 11 km/min (b) 13 km/min (c) 17 km/min (d) None of these
102. The LCM of 5, 8,12, 20 will not be a multiple of

(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 8 (d) 5
103. Find the number of divisors of 720 (including 1 am 720).

(a) 25 (b) 28 (c) 29 (d) 30
104. The LCM of (16 – x2 ) and (x2 + x – 6) is

(a) (x – 3)(x + 3)(4 – x2) (b) 4(4 - x2)(x + 3)
(c) (4 – x2) (x – 3) (d) None of these
105. GCD of x2 – 4 and x2 + x – 6 is

(a) 𝑥 + 2 (b) 𝑥 − 2 (c) 𝑥 2 − 2 (d) 𝑥 2 + 2
106. Find the GCD of the polynomials (𝑥 + 3)2 (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1)2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑥 +
1)3 (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 4).
(a) (𝑥 + 3)3 (𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 4)
(b) (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 4)
(c) (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 1)2
(d) (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 3)2
107. Find the LCM of (x + 3)(6x2 + 5x + 4)and(2x2 + 7x + 3) (x + 3)

(a) (2x + 1) (x + 3)(3x + 4) (b) (4x2 – l)(x + 3)2(3x + 4)
(c) 2(x + 3)2(6x2 + 5x + 4)(x + 1/2) (d) (2x – l)(x + 3)(3x + 4)
108. The least multiple of 7 which leaves a remainder of 4 when divided by

6, 9, 15 and 18 is
(a) 94 (b) 184 (c) 364 (d) 74
109. What is the least 3 digit number that when divided by 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6

leaves a remainder of 1?
110. The highest common factor of 70 and 245 is equal to

(a) 35 (b) 45 (c) 55 (d) 65
111. The product of two numbers is 7168 and their HCF is 16. How many
pairs of numbers are possible such that the above conditions are
satisfied?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 6
112. HCF of 315 – 1 & 325 – 1 is ……….
113. The HCF of two natural numbers a, b is 10 & LCM of these numbers
is 45. If a = 15 then b = ?
(a) 210 (b) 220 (c) 310 (d) Can’t be Determined
114. LCM and HCF of 10! and 15! are respectively

(a) 5! & 25! (b) 5! & 30! (c) 10! & 30! (d) 15! & 10!
115. The L.C.M of two numbers is 1890 and their H.C.F is 30. If one of
them is 270, the other will be
(a) 210 (b) 220 (c) 310 (d) 320
Exercise – 03
H.C.F. & L.C.M.
Answers Key
1. D 2. b 3. a 4. a 5. a
6. a 7. a 8. a 9. b 10. d
11. d 12. c 13. c 14. b 15. b
16. b 17. c 18. c 19. a 20. c
21. a 22. d 23. d 24. a 25. a
26. b 27. d 28. b 29. c 30. d

31. c 32. b 33. d 34. d 35. c
36. c 37. a 38. d 39. a 40. c
41. c 42. c 43. b 44. b 45. c
46. a 47. b 48. a 49. c 50. c
51. b 52. c 53. a 54. b 55. d

56. b 57. c 58. c 59. c 60. b
61. b 62. d 63. a 64. b 65. c
66. b 67. b 68. d 69. c 70. b
71. a 72. a 73. b 74. d 75. a
76. a 77. c 78. b 79. b 80. b

81. b 82. d 83. b 84. d 85. d
86. d 87. d 88. a 89. b 90. b

91. d 92. c 93. b 94. 17,21 95. c
96. d 97. b 98. d 99. d 100. a
101. c 102. b 103. d 104. d 105. b

106. c 107. c 108. c 109. c 110. a
111. a 112. 242 113. d 114. d 115. a
Hints
𝐻.𝐶.𝐹.𝑜𝑓 2,8,64,10 2
16. Required H.C.F. = = .
𝐿.𝐶.𝑀. 𝑜𝑓 3,9,81,27 81
𝐻.𝐶.𝐹 𝑜𝑓 9,12,18,21 3
17. Required H.C.F. = = .
𝐿.𝐶.𝑀 𝑜𝑓 10,25,35,40 1400
20. Given numbers are 1.08, 0.36 and 0.90 H.C.F. of 108, 36 and 90 is 18.
∴ H.C.F. of given numbers = 0.18.
22. Let the required numbers be 𝑥, 2𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3𝑥. Then, their H.C.F. = 𝑥. So,
𝑥 = 12.
∴ The number are 12, 24 and 36.
23. Let the number be 3𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4𝑥. Then, their H.C.F. = 𝑥. So, 𝑥 = 4.
So, the numbers are 12 and 16
L.C.M. of 12 and 16 = 48.
29. Since the numbers are co-prime, they contain only 1 as the common
factor.
Also, the given two products have the middle number in common
So, middle number = H.C.F. of 551 and 1073 = 29;
551
First number = ( ) = 19;
29
1073
Third number = ( ) = 37.
29
∴ 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑚 = (19 + 29 + 37) = 85
324
35. 𝐿. 𝐶. 𝑀. = = 108.
3
49. Required volume
= [𝐻. 𝐶. 𝐹. 𝑜𝑓 (129 − 57), (177 − 129) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (177 − 57)]𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠
= (𝐻. 𝐶. 𝐹. 𝑜𝑓 72,48 𝑎𝑛𝑑 120) 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 = 24 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠.
50. Required Number

= 𝐻. 𝐶. 𝐹. 𝑜𝑓 (3026 − 11) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (5053 − 13) =
𝐻. 𝐶. 𝐹. 𝑜𝑓 3015 𝑎𝑛𝑑 50540 = 45
57. L.C.M OF 4, 5, 6, 7 = 420. ∴ Required number = 420 + 1 = 421.
60. Here (12 − 7) = 5, (15 − 10) = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (16 − 11) = 5.

∴ Required number = (𝐿. 𝐶. 𝑀 𝑜𝑓 12, 15, 16) − 5 = 240 − 5 = 235.
64. L.C.M. of 5,6,7,8 = 840. ∴ Required number is of the form 840𝑘 + 3

Least value of 𝑘 for which (840𝑘 + 3) is divisible by 9 is 𝑘 = 2.
∴ Required number = (840 × 25 + 3) = 1683.
67. Interval of change = (𝐿. 𝐶. 𝑀. 𝑜𝑓 60 𝑎𝑛𝑑 62) sec = 1860 𝑠𝑒𝑐 = 31𝑚𝑖𝑛.
So, the devices would beep together 31 min after 10 a.m., i.e., at 10.31
a.m.
72. The given three numbers are 2𝑎, 5𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 7𝑎. 𝐿𝐶𝑀 𝑜𝑓 2𝑎, 5𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 7𝑎 =
2 × 5 × 7 × 𝑎 = 70𝑎
73. Product of two numbers = 1500, 𝐻𝐶𝐹 = 10

𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝐿𝐶𝑀 =
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑟 𝐻𝐶𝐹
1500
= = 150
10
Required LCM is 150.
77. LCM of 12, 18, 21, 28 = 252

Largest divisible number = 252 × 39 = 9828.
84. 𝐿. 𝐶. 𝑀. 𝑜𝑓 16, 18, 20, 25 = 3600.

Required number is of the form 3600𝑘 + 4
Least value of 𝑘 for which (3600𝑘 + 4) is divisible by 7 is 𝑘 = 5.
∴ Required number = (3600 × 5 + 4) = 18004.
92. [The LCM of 7, 8, 11 and 12 is 1848. Hence, the answer will be got by
the quotient of the ratio (10800)/(1848) → 5.]
94. (a) HCF of 34 and 84 is 17.

34 85
(b) [ ×3+ × 3 = 2 × 3 + 5 × 3 = 21]
17 17
103. 720 = 24 × 32 × 51 . Number of factors = 5 × 3 × 2 = 30. Option (d) is

correct
104. 𝑥 2 − 4 = (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6 = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 2) GCD or HCF

of these expressions = (𝑥 − 2)
Option (b) is correct.
106. For the LCM of polynomials write down the highest powers of all
available factors of all the polynomials .
1
The correct answer could be 2(𝑥 + 3)2 (6𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 4) (𝑥 + )
2
Exercise – 04
(Remainders)
1. Find the remainder when the number 9100 is divided by 8.

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) 4
2. Find the remainder of 2100 when divided by 3

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 6
3. A hundred and twenty digit number is formed by writing the first x

natural numbers in front of each other as 12345678910111213….find
the remainder when this number is divided by 8.
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 2 (d) 0
4. A number when divided by 84 leaves a remainder of 57. What is the

remainder when the same number is divided by 12?
(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) cannot be determined
5. 511 and 667 when divided by the same number, leave the same
remainder, how many numbers can be used as the divisor in order to
make this occur?
(a) 14 (b) 12 (c) 10 (d) 8
6. The remainder when (20)23 is divided by 17 is:

(a) 11 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) can’t be determine
7. When we divide 15192327 by 99 the remainder will be:

(a) 98 (b) 84 (c) 30 (d) none of these
636
8. What is the remainder of ?
215
9. For what values of x is (25x + 1) divisible by 13?

(a) All real values of x
(b) Odd natural values of x
(c) Even values of x

(d) All the integral values of x

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 5 (d) 4
11. The number 444,444…(999 times) is definitely divisible by:

(a) 22 (b) 44 (c) 222 (d) all of these
12. What is the remainder when (1! + 2! + 3! + …..1000!) is divided by 5?

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
13. Manish was dividing two numbers by a certain divisor and obtained
remainders as 437 and 298, respectively. When he divides the sum of the
two numbers by the same divisor, the remainder is 236. What is the
divisor?
14. 182000 + 122000 – 52000 – 1 is divisible by

(a) 323 (b) 221 (c) 299 (d) 237
15. (1721 + 1921) is not divisible by

(a) 36 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 18
16. X is a number formed by writing 9 for 99 times. What will be the

remainder of this number when divided by 7?
241
17. Find the remainder of .
41
18. Find the remainder when 40! Is divided by 41.
19. Find the remainder when x4 + 3x3 + 4 is divided by x +3.
20. 165 + 215 is divisible by

(a) 31 (b) 13 (c) 27 (d) 33
21. The expression 333555 + 555333 is divisible by

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 37 (d) all of these
22. What is the remainder when 9 + 92 + 93 + ….92n+1 is divided by 6?

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
23. The remainder when the number 123456789101112……..484950 is

divided by 16 is ?
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
24. What is the remainder when (1!)3 + (2!)3 + (3!)3 + (4!)3 + …..(1152!)3 is
divided by 1152?
(a) 125 (b) 225 (c) 325 (d) 205
25. What will be the value of remainder when (111111111……64terms) *

(22222222…….55terms) is divided by 18?
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 17
75
26. The remainder when 7575 is divided by 37:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 5 (d) 7
27. 86 – 56 is divisible by individually:

(a) 91 (b) 49 (c) 129 (d) all of these
28. If the number 2332 – 9 is divided by 16, then the remainder is:
29. What is the remainder when 7 + 77 + 777 + 7777 + …. (till 100 terms) is
divided by 8?
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 6
30. The remainder obtained when 43101 + 23101 is divided by 66 is

(a) 2 (b) 10 (c) 5 (d) 0
31. When 22225555 + 55552222 is divided by 7 the remainder is

(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 5
32
3232
32. will leave a remainder
9
(a) 4 (b) 7 (c) 1 (d) 2
33. Find the remainder of 2100 when divided by 3.

(a) 3 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
34. Find the remainder when the number 31989 is divided by 7.

(a) 1 (b) 5 (d) 6 (d) 4
35. The remainder when 1010 + 10100 + 101000 + ……+ 1010000000000 is divided
by 7 is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 5
52
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 3
87
(a) 5 (b) 9 (c) 6 (d) 3
62
38. Find the remainder when 5056 𝑖𝑠 divided by 11.
(a) 7 (b) 5 (d) 9 (d) 10
35
(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 2
40. If A and B are divided by D, then the remainder obtained are 13 and 31
respectively where A, B, D are natural numbers. Further A+ B is divided
by the same divisor D the remainder is 4, then the divisor D is:
(a) 14(b) 23(c) 40(d) 18
41. The remainder when (888!)9999 is divided by 77 is:

42. The remainder when 40 + 41+ 42 + 43 +….+440 is divided by 17 is:

(a) 0 (b) 16(c) 4 (d) none of these
43. What is the remainder when the number 123123123 … … . .123123 is

divided by 99?
300digits
A. 18B. 27C. 33D. 36
44. If x = (163 + 173 + 183 + 193), then x divided by 70 leaves a remainder of

(CAT 2005)
A. 69B. 35C. 0 D. 1
45. What is the remainder when 496 is divided by 6? (CAT 2003)

A. 0 B. 3 C. 2 D. 4
46. What is the remainder when (17)36 + (19)36 is divided by 111?

A. 0 B. 2 C. 36D. 110
47. Find the largest positive integer n such that n3 +100 is divisible by (n +
10)
48. Let P be a prime number greater than 3. Then, when P2 + 17 is divided

by 12, the remainder is
49. A 101 digit number is formed by writing first 55 natural numbers next to
each other. Find the remainder when the number is divided by 16.
32
Exercise – 04
Solutions
1. Ans. (a)
Solution: 9100/8 = (8 + 1)100/8 → since this is of the form (a + 1)n/a, the
remainder = 1 option (a) is correct.
2. Ans. (a)
Solution: 21000/3 is of the form (a)EVEN POWER / (a + 1) the remainder = 1 in
this case as the power is even, option (a) is correct
3. Ans. (a)
Solution: The last 3 digits of the number would determine the remainder
when it is divided by 8. The number upto the 12 th digit would be
1234567891011..646 646 divided by 8 gives us a remainder of 6. the
answer is (a)
4. Ans. (c)
Solution: Since 12 is a divisor of 84, the required remainder would be got by
dividing 57 by 12. The required answer is 9. Option (c) is correct.
5. Ans. (b)
Solution: The numbers that can do so are going to be factors of the
difference between 511 and 667 i.e. 156. the factors 156 are
1,2,3,4,6,12,13,26,39,52,78,156. There are 12 such numbers. Option (b) is
correct.
6. Ans. (a)
(20)23 (3)23 (33 )7 × 33 277 𝑥 9 (10)7 𝑥 9
Solution: → → → →
17 17 17 17 17
(102 )3 𝑥 90 (15)3 𝑥 5 225 x 75 4x7

➔ → → → → 11
17 17 17 17
Hence the required remainder is 11.
7. Ans. (b)
Solution: Go through options: consider option (b)
15192327 – 84 = 15192243
Now, (3+2+9+5) - (4+2+1+1) = 11
And 1+5+1+9+2+2+4+3 = 27
Thus 15192243 is divisible by both 11 and 9 hence by 99.
Thus the presumed remainder 84, is correct.
8. Ans. (b)
636 (63 )12 (216)12 (1)12
Solution: → → → → 1 is the remainder.
215 215 215 215
9. Ans. (b)
25𝑥 +1 (−1)𝑥 1
Solution: =
13 13 13
Hence for odd natural values of x, 25x + 1 will be divisible.
10. Ans. (c)

Solution: Using Fermat’s Theorem
579 578 𝑥 5 56|3| 𝑥 5 15
= = = =5
7 7 7 7
11. Ans. (c)

Solution: Since there are 999 terms in the number, then it is divisible by 222.
Because every term will be divisible by 222, and therefore, all 999 terms will
also be divisible by 222
12. Ans. (c)

Solution: We know that 5! Or greater than 5! Will be divisible by 5.
Therefore, when (1! + 2! + 3!…….1000!) is divisible by 5 equals to when
(1!+2!+3!+4!) is divided by 5, we get the remainder as
1!+2!+ 3!+4! 33 3
= =
5 5 5
Hence remainder obtained = 3
13. Ans. (a)

Solution: let the number be x.
It is given that if we divide the sum of two numbers, then the remainder is
236.
Hence it means when we divide (437 + 298) by x then the remainder is 236.
From here, the number x should be 499.
14. Ans. (B)

Solution: an − bn is divisible by both a + b and a − b when n is even.
182000 + 122000 – 52000 – 1 = 182000 – 52000 + 122000 – 12000 ⇒ 182000 – 52000 is
divisible by 13 and 23.
Similarly, 122000 – 12000 is divisible by 11 and 13. As 13 is the common
factor, the whole expression is divisible by 13.
182000 + 122000 – 52000 – 1 = 182000 – 1 + 122000 – 52000 ⇒ 182000 – 1 is
divisible by 17 and 19.
Similarly, 122000 – 52000 is divisible by 7 and 17. As 17 is the common factor,
the whole expression is divisible by 17.
As the expression is divisible by both 13 and 17, it is divisible by 221.
15. Ans. (b)

Solution: We know that (an + bn) is divisible by (a+b) if n is an odd number. It
means (1721 + 1921) is divisible by 36 and all the factors of 36.
Therefore the answer is 8 because 8 is not a factor of 36.
16. Solution: 5
999999 is divisible by 7. It mean 999999…….99 (6 x 16) times is divisible by
7.
999
So the required remainder = Remainder of =5
7
17. Solution: 2
We know that Ap-1 + p leave a remainder of 1, when p is a prime number
240
Here 41 is a prime number. Hence, leaves a remainder 1 thus the
41
remainder of 241 + 41 would be equal to the remainder of 21 + 41 → 2
(required remainder).
18. Solution: 40
According to the Wilson theorem if p is a prime number then (p - 1)! + 1 is
a multiple of p. here 41 is a prime number so 40! + 1 is completely divisible
by 41. This means that 40! Leaves a remainder – 1 when we divide it by 41
or it leaves a remainder 41 – 1 = 40.
19. X + 3 = 0 for x = -3
20. Ans. (d)

Solution: 165 + 215 = 220 + 215 = 215 (25+1) → Hence is divisible by 33.
21. Ans. (d)

Solution: Both 333555 and 555333 are divisible by 3,37 and 111. Further, the
sum of the two would be an even number and hence divisible by 2. Thus all
the four option divide the given number.
22. Ans. (c)

Solution: The remainder of each power of 9 when divided by 6 would be 3.
Thus for (2n+1) powers of 9, there would be an odd number of 3’s hence
the remainder would be 3.
23. Ans. (d)

Solution: The remainder when a number is divided by 16 is given by the
remainder of the last 4 digits divided by 16 because 10000 is a multiple of
16. This principle is very similar in logic to why we look at last 2 digits for
divisibility by 2 and the last 3 digits for divisibility by 8. Thus the required
answer would be the remainder of 4950/16 which is 6.
24. Ans. (b)

Solution: 1152 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 3 x 3 = 27 x 32
Essentially every number starting from 4!3 would be divisible perfectly by
1152 since each number after that would have at least 7 twos and 2 threes.
Thus, the required remainder is got by the first three terms;
(1+8+216)/1152 = 225/1152 gives us 225 as the required remainder.
25. Ans. (c)

Solution: Remainder of
[111111111……..64 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠] 𝑥 [22222222…..55 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠]
18
= 2 x remainder of
[(111111111……64 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠) 𝑥 (111111……55𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠)]

9
➔ Remainder = 1
So, required remainder = 2 x 1 =2
26. Ans. (b)

75 75
7575 175
Solution: = → remainder is 1.
37 37
27. Ans. (d)

Solution: 86 – 56 = (82)3 – (52)3 = (64)+ – (25)3
= (64-25) (642 + 252 + 64 x 25) = 39 x 6321
= 13 x 3 x 3 x 7 x 7 x 43
So it can be divided by 13 x 7 = 91, 7 x 7 = 49, 3 x 43 = 129
Hence all of these are possible.
28. Ans. (a)

2332 −9 2332 9 732 9 (75 )16 9 116 9
Solution: →( - )→( − )→[ - ]→ -
16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
1−9 −8 16−8 8
➔ → → → →8
16 16 16 16
29. Ans. (d)

7+7+777…….(𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑙 100 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠) 7 77 777
Solution: = + + ….(till 100 terms)
8 8 8 8
7+5+1+1+1…..(𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑙 100 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠) 7+5+98 6
= =
8 8 8
Hence, remainder = 6
30. Ans. (d)

Solution: 43101 + 23101 is of the form an + bn with n odd. Such a number can
be written to be a multiple of (a+b). thus the given expression is a multiple of
(43+23) = 66. Hence the required remainder would be 0.
31. Ans. (a)

Solution: 22225555 ÷ 7 → 35555 ÷ 7 → 35 ÷ 7 → Remainder = 5;
55552222 ÷ 7 → 42222 ÷ 7 → 42 ÷ 7 → remainder = 2.
Hence the required remainder would be (5+2) ÷ 7 = 0.
32. Ans. (a)

32 32
Solution: 3232 ÷ 9 → 532 ÷ 9 = 56n+x ÷ 9.
We write this in the form of 56n+x because 56 leaves a remainder of 1 when
divided by 9. When we try to see 3232 as 6n + x, we can find the value of x
as the remainder of 232 when divided by 6. The following thought process

would help us find this value;
232 ÷ 6 = 231 ÷ 3 → remainder = 2 (by the an ÷ (a+1)rule) thus, 232 ÷ 6
would have a remainder of 2 x 2 = 4
Hence the required remainder would be 54 ÷ 9, which is 4.
33. Ans. (c)

Solution: Since the power on 2 is even, the remainder would be 1.
34. Ans. (c)

Solution: 36 ÷ 7 leaves a remainder of 1. If we look at the power 1989 as 6n
+x, we will get x as 3. Hence the remainder of 31989 ÷ 7 would be the same
as the remainder of 33 ÷ 7, i.e. 6.
35. Ans. (d)

Solution: The remainder of (1010 + 10100 101000 + …….+1010000000000) ÷ 7 →
(310 + 3100 + 31000 + …….+310000000000) ÷ 7 →
(34+34+34+34+34+34+34+34+34+34) ÷ 7 = remainder of 40 ÷ 7 → 5.
36. Ans. (b)

52 52
5051 651 610𝑥 𝑥 61
Solution: → = → remainder = 6.
11 11 11
37. Ans. (a)

87 87 87 87 8
3072 872 810𝑥 + 82 1 X 82 810𝑥 + 82
Solution: → = → → → Remainder = 5
11 11 11 11 11
38. Ans. (b)

62 62
5056 656 610𝑥 +66
Solution: → → → remainder = 5
11 11 11
39. Ans. (d)

35 35
3334 534 56𝑥 𝑋 54
Solution: → = → remainder = 2.
7 7 7
40. Ans. (c)

Solution: If you go through option, then you will find option (c) is correct.
Since divisor is always greater than remainder.
𝐴
Alternatively : → Remainder 13
𝐷
𝐵
→ Remainder 31
𝐷
𝐴+𝐵
→ remainder should be 44
𝐷
But it is given that the remainder is 4.
Hence the divisor must be 40 (=44 - 4)
41. Ans. (d)

Solution: (888!)999 = (1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x…….x 76 x 77 x 78x ….x 888)999
Since it has a factor as 77. Thus it has no remainder.
42. Ans. (d)

Solution: Let the sum of the expression be Sn then
Sn = 40 + 41 + 42 + 43 + ….+ 440
 Sn = (1 + 4 + 16 + 64) + 44 (1+4+16+64) + ….+ 436 (1+4+16+64) + 440
Since (1+4+16+64) = 85 is divisible by 17
hence except 440 remaining expression is divisible by 17.
440 (440 )10 110
( 17 ) → ( 17 ) → ( 17 )
Hence the required remainder is 1.
43. Ans. (C)

Solution: 123123123 … … . .123123 = 1231001001 … … . .1001 123(10297 +
10294 +10291 + …..103 + 1). gives
300digitseas 298 digits

even
a remainder of 10 with whereas 10 gives a remainder of 1 with 99.
Therefore in the expression 10 + 10 + 10291 ….+103 + 1, we will get 50
297 294
10 therefore remainder = 24 (50x 10 +50) = = remainder when 24 x 550 is

divided by 99 = 33.
44. Ans. (C)

Solution 163 + 193 is divisible by 16 + 19 = 35, (an + bn) is divisible by a + b
is n is ODD). Similarly, 173 + 183 is divisible by 35. Also, the expression
contains two even and two odd terms. Therefore, the sum is even.
Therefore, the whole expression is also divisible by 2 ⇒ it is divisible by 70:
45. Ans. (D)
46. Ans. (B)
Solution: 111 = 37 × 3. Therefore we find the remainder when the

expression is divided by both 3 and 37. Now we know that if x is prime to p,
where p is a prime number, (x)p − 1 − 1 is divisible by p. In other words, (x)p −
1
gives remainder 1 when divided by p. Therefore, both 1736 and 1936 will
give remainder 1 with 37. Therefore, total remainder with 37 = 1 + 1 = 2.
Also, 1736 = (1718) 2 ⇒ will give remainder 1 with 3. Therefore, both 1736 and
1936 will give remainder 1 with 3. Therefore, total remainder with 37 = 1 + 1
= 2. Therefore, remainder with 111 = 2.
47. Solution: We know that (n3 + 103) which is nothing but (n3 + 1000) in
divisible by (n+10) now, (n3 + 1000)
= (n3 + 100 + 900) Since (n3 + 100 + 900) is divisible by (n +10) for any
value of n which means. (n3 +100) & 900
should be divisible by (n+10) now the largest possible value of (n+10) which
can satisfy this in 900
∴ largest possible value of n = 900-10 = 890
48. Solution: We know that all prime number greater than 3 can be
expressed as 6n = 1
𝑃2+17 (6𝑛+1)2 17 36𝑛2 +1+12𝑛+17
= =
12 12 12
36n2 in divisible by 12
+ 12n in divisible by 12
1+17
Remainder for the above exp = Rem
12
18
= Rem
12
= Rem 6
49. Solution: the last 4 digit of the given sequence in 5455 the remainder of
the given sequence would be same as he remainders when we divide
5455 by 16
5455
Remainder = Rem
10
= 15
𝑧
Let me put up the steps for finding remainder when 𝑋 𝑌 is divided by D.
50. Divide X by D. let the remainder be r. therefore, you have to find the
𝑧
Remainder when 𝑅 𝑌 is divided by D. 32 gives a remainder 4 when
divided by 7. Therefore, you are trying to find the remainder when
32
432 is divided by 7.
Find a power of R that gives a remainder of + 1 or -1 with D, if you find
a power that gives a remainder – 1, twice of that power will give a
remainder of +1. Now I know that 43 = 64 gives a remainder 1 when
divided by 7.
Find the remainder when 𝑌 𝑧 is divided by that power. Here, find the
remainder when 3232 is divded by 3. The remainder is 1. Therefore,
32
3232 can be written as 3k +1 and 432 can be written as 43𝑘+1 or (43 )𝑘
x 4.
Now (43 ) gives a remainder 1 when divided by 7. Therefore, we need
to find the remainder when 4 is divided by7. Therefore, the remainder
is 4.
Exercise – 5
No. of Zeroes; No. of Divisors; Base System;
Divisibility Rule; Surds Indices
Number of trailing Zeroes
1. Find the number of zeroes at the end of 1090!

(a) 270 (b) 268 (c) 269 (d) 271
2. If 146! Is divisible by 5. Then find the maximum value of n.

(a) 34(b) 35(c) 36(d) 37
3. If A = 10! + 12! + 14! + 16! +…………100!, then the highest power of 2 in

A is
A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10
4. Find the number of zeros at the end of 100!

(a) 20(b) 23(c) 24(d) 25

(a) 20(b) 23(c) 24(d) 28

(a) 90(b) 91(c) 94(d) 95
7. The highest power of 3 that completely divides 40! Is

(a) 18(b) 15(c) 16(d) 17
8. The highest power of 7 that completely divides 80! Is:

(a) 12(b) 13(c) 14(d) 15
9. How many zeroes will be there at the end of 25 x 35 x 40 x 50 x 60 x 65?

(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 5 (d) 7
10. How many zeroes will be there at the end of the expression N = 2 x 4 x
6 x 8 x…….x 100?
(a) 10(b) 12(c) 14(d) none of these
11. How many zeroes will be there at the end of the expression N = 10 x 20
x 30 ….x 1000?
(a) 1280 (b) 1300 (c) 1320 (d) none
of these
12. How many zeroes will be there at the end of N = 18! + 19!?
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) cannot be
determined
13. How many zeroes will be there at the end of 36!36! ?

(a) 7 x 6! (b) 8 x 6! (c) 7 x 36! (d)
8 x 36!
14. The highest power on 990 that will exactly divide 1090! Is
(a) 101 (b) 100 (c) 108 (d) 109
15. Find the number of zeros in the product 11 x 22 x 33 x 44 x ….9898 x 9999

x 100100
(a) 1200 (b) 1300 (c) 1050 (d) 1225
16. The highest power of 45 that will exactly divide 123! Is

(a) 28(b) 30(c) 31(d) 59
17. How many number of zeroes will be there eat the end of 12! Expressed
in base 6?
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7
18. In the value of the number 30!, all the zeroes at the end are erased.
Then, the unit digit of the number that is left is
A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8
19. How many zeroes are present at the end of 25! + 26! + 27! + 28! + 30!?
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8
20. (3132!)10 = (x)34, then what will be the number of consecutive zeros at the
end of ‘x’?
(a) 124 (b) 167 (c) 194 (d) none
of these
2002!
21. In how many zeroes does end in?
(1001!)2
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
22. How many zeroes will be at the end of 27!27! ?

A. 36B. 627! C. 6 × 27! D. 6! ×
27!
23. The number 2006! is written in base 22. How many zeroes are there at
the end?
A. 500 B. 450 C. 200 D. 199
Number of Divisors
24. All the divisors of 72 are multiplied. The product can be written in the
form 2a * 3b. Then the value of a + b is
A. 28 B. 30 C. 34 D. 40
25. How many divisors will be there of the number 1020?

(a) 12(b) 20(c) 24(d) 36
26. The number of ways of expressing 72 as a product of 2 factors is
27. What is the total number of divisors of the number 1233 x 3423 x 270?
(a) 4658 (b) 9316 (c) 2744 (d) none
of these
28. The sum of all the factors of 45000 which are exactly the multiples of 10
is:
(a) 152295 (b) 14196 (c) 600 (d) none

of these
29. How many divisors of 105 end with a single zero?

(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 9 (d) 16
30. How many factors of 19! are there, whose unit digit is 5?
31. How many factors of 1010 end with a zero?

A. 21B. 90C. 100 D. 121
32. Find the number of divisors of 1420.

(a) 14(b) 15(c) 13(d) 12
33. Find the number of divisors of 10800.

(a) 57(b) 60(c) 72(d) 64
Base System
34. The number 6162 in base 10 is written as (222)b. Then, the base b is
equal to
A. 60B. 55C. 45D. 42
35. If in some base x, (563)x + (544)x + (433)x = (2203)x then x is equal to

A. 6 B. 7 C. 9 D. 11
36. How many times would I be used while writing all the natural numbers
from 8 to 127 in the Binary number system?
(a) 212 (b) 218 (c) 424 (d) 436
37. What is the value of N in the following expression 3456 + 6327 + 4879 =
(N)5?
(a) 11,412 (b) 11,214 (c) 10,412
(d) 21,412
Divisibility Rule
38. If A381 is divisible by 11, find the value of the smallest natural number
A.
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 9
39. If 381A is divisible by 9, find the value of smallest natural number A.

(a) 5 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 6
40. XYZ is a 3 digit number such that when we calculate the difference
between the two three digit numbers XYZ – YXZ the difference is
exactly 90. How many possible values exist for the digits X and Y?
(a) 9 (b) 8 (c) 7 (d) 6
41. The least number which can be subtracted from 763 so that it is
completely divisible by 57 is.
(a) 35(b) 22(c) 15(d) 25
42. The least number which can be added to 8441 so that it is completely
divisible by 57 is.
(a) 42(b) 15(c) 5 (d) 52
43. Find the least number of 5 digits that is exactly divisible by 79.
(a) 10003 (b) 10033 (c) 10043 (d)
none of these
44. A six digit number abcabc such that a,b,c 𝜖 N, then which is the most
correct statement is:
(a) it is divisible by 91 (b) it can be
divided by 143
(c) it is divisible by 6 (d) only a and b are
correct
45. Find the sum of all three digit numbers that give a remainder of 4 when
they are divided by 5.
(a) 98, 270 (b) 99,270 (c) 1,02,090
(d) 90,270
46. Find the sum of all odd three digit numbers that are divisible by 5.
(a) 50,500 (b) 50,250 (c) 50,000
(d) 49,500
47. The number 523abc is divisible by 7, 8 and 9. Then the value of a × b ×

c
A. is 10 B. is 60 C. is 180 D.
cannot be determined
48. A three-digit number abc is divisible by 7 if

A. 3a + b + c is divisible by 7
B. a + 2b + c is divisible by 7
C. 2a + 3b + c is divisible by 7
D. 2a + 2b + c is divisible by 7
49. The digits 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are each used once to compose a five-digit
number abcde such that the three-digit number abc is divisible by 4, bcd
is divisble by 5, and cde is divisble by 3. Find the digit a.
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
50. Find the smallest number n such that n! is divisible by 990.
Surds Indices : Square Roots

x +2 2− 2 x
2 3
51. If   =  , then x=
3 2
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 0
52. The greatest number among 3

9, 4 11, 6 17 is
(a) 3
9 (b) 4
11 (c) 6
17 (d)
Cannot be determine
53. 4 (17 + 12 2 ) =
(a) 2 +1 (b) 21/4 ( 2 +1 ) (c) 2 2 +1
(d) None of these
3/2
( ) ( )
2/3  1
4/9 
1/3
54. x5 16 x 3  x  =
 4 
(a) ( x / 4 )3 (b) ( 4x )3 (c) 8x 3 (d)

None of these
55. If a1/ x = b1/ y = c1/ z and b2 = ac , then x + z =

(a) y (b) 2y (c) 2xyz (d) None of these
56. If x 2 = bc, b y then

= ca, c z = ab, xyz =
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) x+y +z (d) x+y +z+2
57. If a x = ( x + y + z )y ,a y = ( x + y + z )z ,az = ( x + y + z )x , then,

(a) x = y = z =a/3
(b) x +y +z+a/3
(c) x+y +z =0
(d) None of these
58. If x = 7+ 3 and xy = 4, then x4 + y 4 =
(a) 400 (b) 368 (c) 352 (d) 200
59. Which one of the following sets of surds is in correct sequence of

ascending order of their values?
4 3 4 3
(a) √10, √6, √3 (b) √3, √10, √6
3 4 4 3
(c) √3, √6, √10, (d) √10, √3, √6
3
33 3 33
60. Which of the following is correct if A = 3 , B = 333 , C = 33 , and D =
3333 ?
(a) A>B=C>D (b) C>A>B>D
(c) A>C>D>B (d) C>B>D>A
61. N2 = 12345678987654321. Find N.

(a) 101010101 (b) 11111 (c) 111111111
(d) 1000000001
62. Find the value of x in √𝑥 + 2√𝑥 + 2√𝑥 + 2√3𝑥 = x.
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 12 (e) 9

𝑥 𝑥
63. If 327 = 273 , then x is equal to
A. −1 B. ½ C. 1 D. 2
1 1 1 1
64. If S = - + - ……- , then the value of S is
√2−√1 √3−√2 √4−√3 √121−√120
A. 12 B. 11 C. 10 D. −10
65. Which of the following is the smallest?

(a) 51/2 (b) 61/3 (c) 81/4 (d) 121/6
Exercise – 5
Solutions
1. Ans. (a)
Solution: The number of zeros would be given by adding the quotients when
we successively divide 1090 by 5. 1090/5 + 218/5 +43/5 + 8/5 = 218 + 43 +
8 + 1 = 270. Option (a) is correct.
2. Ans. (b)
Solution: The number of 5’s in 146! Can be got by [146/5]+ [29/5] + [5/5] =
29+5+1 = 35
3. Ans. (B)
Solution: A= (10! + 12! + 14!+ 16!+ …..100!)
=10! [1 + e1 +e2 +e3 +….. e99]
= 10! × k
Since e1, e2, e3,……e99 each of them is even
∴ 1+ e1+ e2+ e3+….e99 = k = odd
The highest power of 2 is A in same as highest power of 2 in 10!
10
10 = 5,
2
∴ highest power of 2 in 10! In = 5+2+1= 8
4. Ans. (c)
Solution: The answer would be given by the quotients of 100/5 + 100/25 =
20 + 4 = 24 option (c) is correct.
5. Ans. (d)
Solution: 24 + 4 = 28 option (d) is correct.
6. Ans. (c)
Solution: 76 + 15 + 3 = 94 option (c) is correct.
7. Ans. (a)
Solution: 13 + 4 + 1 = 18. Option (a) is correct.
8. Ans. (a)
Solution: 11 + 1 = 12 = option (a) is correct.
9. Ans. (a)
Solution: 25 x 35 x 40 x 50 60 x 65 = (5)2 x (5 x 7) x (5 x 8) x (52 x 2) x (5 x
12) x (5 x 13)
= 58 x 26 x 3 x 7 x 13.
Therefore are eight 5s and six 2s.
Number of zeroes = umber of sets of 2 and 5 = minimum of (number of 2s
and number of 5s) = 6
10. Ans. (b)

Solution: N = 2 x 4 x 6 x 8 x ….100
Count the number of 5s in N, which is 12. Therefore, number of zeroes are
12.
11. Ans. (d)

Solution: N = 10 x 20 x 30 ….x 1000
There is one 5 in the multiple of 10.
There are two 5 in the multiple of 25 and three 5s in the multiple of 125.
Now, count the multiple of 5s in the expression which are (100 + 20 + 4) =
124
12. Ans. (b)

18 19
Solution: The number of 5s in 18! = = 3 and in 19! = = 3
5 5
Therefore number zeroes in 18! Is 3 and in 19! Is 3.
Hence number of zeroes in 18! (19+1) = 4 zeroes
13. Ans. (d)

36 36
Solution: Number of 5s in 36! = [ ] + [ ] = 7 + 1 = 8
5 25
36!
Therefore zeros in (36!) = 8 x 36!
14. Ans. (c)

Solution: 990 = 11 x 32 x 2 x 5. The highest power of 9990 which would
divide 1090! Would be the power of 11 available in 1090. This is given by
[1090/11] + [1090/121] = 99+9 = 108
15. Ans. (b)

Solution: The number of zeroes would be given by counting the number of
5s the relevant number of counting the number of 5s’ in the product would
be given by:
55; 1010; 1515; 2020; 2525……and so on till 100100

The number of 5s’ in these values would be given by:
(5+10+15+20+5030+35+40+45+100+55+60+65+70+150+80+85+90+95+20
0)
This can also be written as:
(5+10+15+20+25+30+35+40+45+50+55+60+65+70+75+80+8590+95+100)
+ (25+50+75+100)
= 1050 + 250 = 1300
16. Ans. (a)

Solution: 45 = 33 x 5. Hence we need to count the number of 32’s and 5’s
that can be made out of 123!
Number of 3’s = 41+13+4+1 = 59 → number of 32’s = 29
Number of 5’s = 24 + 4 = 28
The Required answer is the lower of the two (viz. 28 and 29) hence option
(a) 28 is correct.
17. Ans. (b)

Solution: In the case of decimal system we obtain 10 by multiplying 5 and 2.
And then, to find the number of zeroes we search the exponents of 5. In the
case of base 6, 10 will be obtained by multiplying 3 and 2 therefore, here,
we will check for the exponents of 3 to know about the number of zeroes,
obviously it is 5[12/3+12/9]
18. Ans. (D)

Solution: Finding the powers of all the prime factors in 30! We obtain, 30! =
226 × 314 × 57 × 74 × 112 × 132 × 17 × 19 × 23 × 29. Removing 27 × 57 for
the number of zeroes, we obtain 219 × 314 × 74 × 112 × 132 × 17 × 19 × 23 ×
29. We need to find the units digit of this product to find the rightmost non-
zero digit. The units digit of the product = units digit of 8 × 9 × 1 × 1 × 9 × 7
× 9 × 3 × 9 = 8.
19. Ans. (B)

Solution: 25! + 26! + 27! + 28! + 30! = 25! (1 + 26 + 27 × 26 + 28 × 27 × 26)
+ 30! = 25! × a number ending in 5 + 30! ⇒ 6 zeroes.
20. Ans. (c)

Solution: in base 34, 10 means 34, in base 10, 10 is obtained by multiplying
2 and 5 in base 34, it is obtained by multiplying 2 and 17. Number of
consecutive zeroes in base 34 at the end of the number is same as the

number of 2’s and 17 in 3132! Since the number of 2’s is much more than
number of 17’s so we count number of 17’s in 3132!
3132 3132
Maximum power of 17 in 3132! = [ ] + [ 2 ] = 184 + 10 = 194.
17 17
21. Ans. (A)

2002!
Solution: 2002! Ends in 499 zeroes. (1001!)2 ends in 498 zeroes (1001!)2
Ends in a single zero.
22. Ans. (C)

Solution: 6 x 27!
23. Ans. (D)

Solution: When we write 2006! In base 22, we successively divide 2006! by
22 and keep writing down the remainders. The first remainder will become
the units digit, the second remainder will become the tens digit, the third
remainder will become the hundreds digit and so on. Therefore, the number
of zeroes that 2006! written in base 22 will have will be equal to the number
of times 22 divides 2006! completely. The number of times 22 divides 2006!
completely is equal to the highest power of 22 in 2006! or equal to highest
power of 11 in 2006!.
2006 2006 2006
The highest power of 11 in 2006! = [ ]+ [ ]+ [ ] = 182 + 16 + 1 =
11 11 1331
199
24. Ans. (B)

Solution: When the divisors of N XaYbZc = are multiplied the product is equal
(𝑎+1)(𝑏+1)(𝑐+1)
to (N) . When the divisors of 72 = 23 × 32 are multiplied, the
2
(2+1)(3+1)
product is equal to (23 x 32) - 218 x 312. Therefore, a+ b =30
2
25. Ans. (c)

Solution: Factors of 1020 will divide 1020 properly therefor factors of 1020 =
22 x 3 x 5 x 7
= (2+1) (1+1) (1+1) (1+1) = 24
26. Solution: 6
72 = 23 x 32
Total number of factors of 72 = (3 + 1) (2 + 1) = 12

12
Total number of ways of expressing 72 as a product. Of two factors = =6
2
27. Ans. (d)

Solution: 1233 x 3423 x 270 = 2159 x 333 x 1723.
The number of factors would be 160 x 34 x 24 = 130560. Thus, option (d) is
correct.
28. Ans. (b)

Solution: since 45000 = = 10 x 4500
So, the sum of all the factors of 45000 which are the multiples of 10 will be
same as sum of all the factors of 4500
Multiple by 10.
Now, 4500 = 22 x 32 x 53
Therefore the sum of all the factors of
(23 −1)𝑥 (33 −1)(54 −1)

4500 =
(2−1)(3−1)(5−1)
7 𝑥 26 𝑥 624
= = 14196
1 𝑥 2 𝑥4
Hence the sum of all the products of 45000 which are the multiples of 10 =
10 x 14196 = 141960.
29. Ans. (c)

Solution: 105 = 25 x 55
Now, all the factors of 105 that will end in one zero will be one power of 2
and (1-5) powers of 5 and vice versa
This will be equal to 9.
30. Solution: 1296

In order to solve this question, you would need to find the odd factors of 19!
That are also multiples of 5.
19! = 216 x 38 x 53 x 72x 111 x 131x 171 x 191.
The required answer would be 1 x 9 x 3 x 3 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 81 x 16 =
1296.
31. Ans. (C)
Solution: 1010 = 210 × 510 A factor will end in a zero if it has both 2 and 5 in it.
Therefore we cannot take 20 or 50
in fornins the factors. Therefore, total number of factors having both 2 and 5
in it = 10×10 = 100
32. Ans. (d)

Solution: 1420 = 142 x 10 = 22 x 711 x 5x.
Thus, the number of factors of the number would be (2+1)(1+1)(1+1) = 3 x 2
x 2 = 12.
33. Ans. (b)

Solution: 10800 = 108 x 100 = 33 x 24 x 52
The number of divisors would be : (3 + 1) (4 + 1) (2 + 1) = 4 x 5 x 3 = 60
divisors. Option (b) is correct.
34. Ans. (B)

Solution: (222)n = 6162 ➔ 2b2 + 2b + 2 = 6162 ➔ b = 55
35. Ans. (B)

Solution: Adding the unit digit of the numbers on L.H.S., we get 3 + 4 + 3 =
10. But the unit digit is 3. Therefore, base x is 3 less than 10 (the sum of
units digit) or x = 7.
36. Ans. (d)

Solution: we need to look at writing the binary number system from 8 =
(1000)2 to 127 = (1111111)2
There are 64 7-digit numbers in binary system are from 1000000 to
1111111. There are six digits after the leftmost 1. Each of these 6 digits can
be filled by either 0 or 1 and both are equally probable in any position so the
number of 1 from 1000000 to
1
1111111 = 64 + 64 x x 5 = 32 + 80 = 112.
2
16
Similarly, from 10000 to 11111 there are 16 + x 4 = 16 + 32 = 48.
2
1
Similarly, from 1000 to 1111 there are 8 + 8 x x 3 = 20
2
So total 1s = 20 + 48 + 112 + 256 = 436.
37. Ans. (a)
Solution: (N)5 = 3456 = 6327 + 4879 = 13710 + 31710 + 40310 = 85710 =

11,412
38. Ans. (c)

Solution: for the number A381 to be divisible by 11, the sum of the even
placed digits and the odds placed digits should be either 0 or a multiple of
11. This means that (A+B) – (3+1) should be multiple of 11-as it is possible
to make it zero. Thus, the smallest value that A can take (and in fact the
only value it can take) is 7. Option (c) is correct.
39. Ans. (d)

Solution: for 381A to be divisible by 9, the sum of the digits 3+8+1+A
should be divisible by 9. For that in happen A should be 6. Option (d) is
correct.
40. Ans. (b)

Solution: This occurs for values such as 213 – 123; 324 – 234 etc where it
can be seen that the value of X is 1 more than Y. the possible pairs of X and
Y are: 2,1;3,2….9.8 – a total of eight pairs of values option (b) is correct.
41. Ans. (b)

Solution: Since, 763/57 leaves a remainder of 22, we would need to subtract
22 from 763 in order to get a number divisible by 57. Option (b) is correct.
42. Ans. (d)

Solution: 8441/57 leaves remainder of 5. Thus, if we were to add 52 to this
number the number we obtain would be completely divisible by 57. Option
(d) is correct.
43. Ans. (b)

Solution: 10000 divided by 79 leaves a remainder of 46. Hence, if we were
to add 33 to 10000 we would get a number divisible by 79. The correct
answer is 10033. Option (b) is correct.
44. Ans. (d)

Solution: Any number of the form abcabc must be divisible by 1001 or its
factors i.e. 1001 = 7 x 13 x 11
Hence (a) and (b) are correct, thus (d) is the most appropriate statement.
45. Ans. (b)

Solution: the required numbers would be numbers in the arithmetic
progression 104, 109,114,119,……999 the sum of this series would be
1103
given as n x average = 180 x = 99270
2
46. Ans. (d)

Solution: the required numbers would be numbers in the arithmetic
progression 105, 115, 125,…..995. the sum of this series would be given as
1100
n x average = 90 x = 49500
2
47. Ans. (A % C)
Solution: LCM of 7, 8, and 9 is 504. 523 abc when divided by 504 gives 19
abc= 19000 + abc. The remainder when 19000 is divided by 504 is 352 ⇒
352 + abc is divided by 504 is 352.
⇒ 352 + abc = 504 or 504×2
⇒ abc = 152 or 656
⇒a×b×c
= 10 or 180
48. Ans. (C)

Solution: a b c = 100a + 10b + c = 98a + 2a + 7b + 3b + c = 7k + 2a + 3b +
c.
49. Ans. (A)

Solution: . bcd is divisible by 5 ⇒ d = 5. abc is divisible y 4 ⇒ bc = 12, 32,
52 or 24. As b cannot be equal to 5, only options are 12, 32, or 24 ⇒ c can
be 2 or 4. cde is divisible by 3 ⇒ c5e is divisible by 3 ⇒ (c, e) = (1, 3), (3,
1), (3, 4) or (4, 3). Only the last value satisfies the condition that c can be 2
or 4. Therefore, c = 4 and e = 3. Also, this gives b = 2. Therefore, a = 1
50. Solution: 990= 2×32 × 5×11

We have to select n! in such a way that it should consist of 11, 5, 32 , and 2
∴ n= 11
And 11! = 28 ×34 ×52 ×71 ×11
∴ the smallest possible value of n = 11
x +2 2− 2 x
2 3
51. (c)   = 
3 2
x +2 2 x −2
2 2
  = 
3 3
Clearly x + 2 = 2x − 2
x=4
52. (a) 3 9, 4 11, 6 17

 L.C.M of of 3, 4, 6 is 12
( ) = ( 6561)1/12 ,
1/12
 3 9 = 91/3 = 94
11 = (11) = (113 )
1/12
= (1331)
4 1/4 1/12
,
17 = (17 ) = (172 )
1/12
= ( 289 )
6 1/6 1/12
,
Hence, 3
9 is the greatest number.
53. (a) (17 + 12 2 ) = (32 + (2 2)2 + 2.3.2 2)
(
 4 17 + 12 2 = ) (3 + 2 2 ) = 2 + 1.
−3/2
( x5 ) (16x3 )
2/3  1
4/9 
1/3
54. (d)  x 
4 
5 2 43 2 17
+3 − . .4+3
= x 3 3 9 2 23 = 2 3 x3.
55. (b) a1/ x = b1/ y = c1/ z = k ( say )  a = k x , b = k y , c = k z
( )
2
b2 = ac  k y = k x , k z  k 2 y = k x + z  x + z = 2y .
56. (d) a x .b y .c z = bc.ca.ab = a 2b 2c 2
 a x −2 b y −2c z −2 = 1 = a0 b0 c 0
x = y = z = 2
 xyz = 23 = 8 = x + y + z + 2.
y +z+ x
57. (a) a x .a y .a z = ( x + y + z )
x + y +z
 a x + y +z = ( x + y + z )
 x+y +z =a
ax = ( x + y + z ) = ay
y
Now,
 x = y, similarly y =z
a
x = y = z =
3
58. (b) y =
4
=
4
=
4 7− 3
= 7− 3
( )
x 7+ 3 7−3
( )
2
x2 + y 2 = x2 + y 2 − 2x 2 y 2
2

( ) 
2 2
= ( x + y ) − 2xy  − 2 ( xy ) = 2 2 7
2 2
− 8  − 2.42 = 368.
   
59. Ans. (b)

4
Solution: √10 = (10)1/4 = (10)3/12 = (1000)1/12
3
√6 = (6)1/3 = (6)4/12 = (1296)1/12
√3 = (3)1/2 = (3)6/12 = (729)1/12
4 3
√3 < √10 < √6 is the correct order and hence (b) is correct.
60. Ans. (b)

33 27
Solution: 𝐴 = 33 = 33
33 33
C = 33 = 33
Hence C > A.
Hence either (b) or (d) option is correct.
3
33 27
Now A = 3 = 33
And D = 3333 (Since 327>333)
Thus the correct relation is C > A > B > d/
Hence option (b) is correct.
61. Ans. (c)

Solution: Following patterns can be observed:
(11)2 = 121
(111)2 = 12, 321
(1111)2 = 12, 34, 321
(111111111)2 = 12,345,678,987,654,321
62. Ans. (b)

Solution: the value of x should be such that the left hand side after
completely removing the square root sings should be an integer for this to
happen, first of all the square root of 3x should be an integer. Only 3 and 12
from the option satisfy this requirement. If we try to put x as 12, we get the
square root of 3x as 6. Then the next point at which we need to remove the
square root sing would be 12 + 2(6) = 24 whose square root would be an
irrational number. This leaves us with only 1 possibly value (x = 3) checking
for this value of x we can see that the expression is satisfied as LHS = RHS.
63. Ans. (B)

𝑥 3𝑥 3𝑥
Solution: 327 = 3(3) = 33
𝑥 3𝑥 𝑥 𝑥+1
273 = (33) = 33𝑥3 = 33
 3x = x + 1 ➔ = ½.
64. Ans. (D)

1 1 √2+√1
Solution: = == x= = √2 + √1
√2−√1 √2−√1 √2+√1
1 1 1 1
- + - ….. √1 + √2 - √2 - √3 + √3 + √4 - √4 - √5 +
√2−√1 √3−√2 √4−√3 √121−√120
….√121 - √120 = - 11+ 1 = -10
65. Ans. (d)

Solution: Number are 51/2, 61/3, 81/4, and 121/6
To solve such questions, we raise each number to a common ower so that
the powers of the numbers are natural numbers.
In this case, raise each number to the power 12 (LCM of 2, 3, 4 and 6).
Therefore numbers obtained = (51/2)12, (61/3)12, (81/4)12 and (121/6)12 = 56, 64,
83, and 122
Exercise – 6
HOTS (High Order Thinking Skills)
1. If the sum of two numbers added to the sum of their squares is 42 and
the product of these numbers is 15, then the numbers are:
15 1
(a) 15, 1 (b) , 6 (c) 2 , 6 (d) 5, 3
6 2
1 1 1 1
2. The expression (1 + ) (1 + ) (1 + )…..(1 + ) 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖fies to:
3 4 5 𝑛
𝑛+1 𝑛 3 111 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1 + …..
3 𝑛+1 𝑛 345 𝑛
3. If p be a prime number, then p2 + 1 can not have its unit digit is:
(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 7 (d) all of these
4. Which is not a prime number?

(a) 97 (b) 1001 (c) 127 (d) 101
1 1 1 1 1
5. The value of (1 − ) (1- ) (1- ) (1 − ) …..(1-- ) is :
2 3 4 5 𝑛
1 n 1
(a) 1 (b) (1- ) (c) (d) can’t be determined
𝑛 𝑛
6. The number N is divisible by 6 but not divisible by 4. Which of the

following will not be an integer?
(a) N/3 (b) N/2 (c) N/6 (d) N/12
7. If n2 is a perfect cube, then which of the following statements is always

true?
(a) n is odd (b) n is even
3
(c) n is a perfect square (d) n is a perfect cube
8. The value of x + y such that x2 – y2 = 343, is

A. 343 B. 49 C. 7 D. A or B
9. The following is known about three real numbers, x, y and z.

-4 ≤ x ≤ 4, - 8 ≤ y ≤ 2 and -8 ≤ z ≤ 2. Then the range of values that M
= xz/y can take is best represented by:
(a) -∞<x<∞ (b) -16 ≤ x ≤ 8 (c) -8 ≤
x ≤ 8 (d) -16 ≤ x ≤ 16
10. The mean of 1, 2, 22 ……231 lies in between

(a) 224 to 225 (b) 225 to 226 (c) 226 to 227
(d) 229 to 230
11. Find the number of solutions of the equation x2 – y2 = 777314:
12. Find the lower of the two successive natural numbers if the square of
the sum of those numbers exceeds the sum of their squares by 112.
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9
13. If 4 is added to the numerator of a fraction, it becomes 1/3 and if 3 is

added to the denominator of the same fraction it becomes 1/6 then the
sum of the numerator and denominator is:
(a) 32(b) 7 (c) 4 (d) 3
14. What is the sum of the following series?

1 1 1 1
+ + + ⋯ …+
1𝑥2 2𝑥3 3𝑥4 100 𝑥 101
100 1 101
(a) (b) (c) (d) 101!
101 101 100
15. Which one of the following is greatest one?

(a) 33322 (b) 33322 (c) 33332 (d)
22333
16. Let n be the smallest positive number such that the number S =
(8n)(5600) has 604 digits. Then the sum of the digits of S is
A. 19B. 8 C. 10D. 11
17. How many prime numbers are there which when divided by another
prime number, gives a quotient which is same as the remainder?
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) more than 2
18. When a certain two digit number is added to another two digit
number having the same digits in reverse order, the sum is a perfect
square. How many such two digit numbers are there?
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 10
19. If p, (p+2), and (p+4) are prime numbers, then the number of possible
solutions for p is:
20. How many pairs of natural numbers are there the difference of whose
squares is 45?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
21. If x is a number of five digits which when divided by 8, 12, 15 and 20

leaves respectively 5, 9, 12 and 17 as remainders then find x such that it
is the lowest such number.
(a) 10017 (b) 10057 (c) 10097 (d)
10077
16!
22. The smallest natural number n such that is a perfect square is
𝑁
23. A nine digit number abcdefghi is such that a is divisible by 1. Ab is

divisible by2, abc is divisible by 3 and abcd is divisible by 4 and so on
where none of a, b, c, d…. is same and every digit is a non zero digit
such a number is:
(a) 123456789 (b) 381654729 (c)
126453789 (d) 826435791
24. A number ‘p’ is such that it is divisible by 7 but not b 2. Another

number ‘q’ is divisible by 6 but not by 5, then the following expression
which necessarily be an integer is:
7𝑝+ 6𝑞 5𝑝+6𝑞 6𝑝+7𝑞
(a) (b) (c) (d)
42 71 42
none of these
25. Capt. Mano Pandey once decided to distribute 180 bullets among his
36 soldiers. But he gave n bullets to a soldier of nth row and there were
same number of soldiers in each row. Thus he distributed all his 180
bullets among his soldiers. The number of soldiers in (n-1) the row was:
26. All the page numbers from a book are added, beginning at page 1.
However, one page number was added twice by mistake. The sum
obtained was 1 000. Which page number was added twice?
A. 44 B. 45 C. 10 D. 12
27. The number of integer solutions of the equation x2 + 12 = y4 is
5200
28. If {x} denotes fractional part of x then { } is
8
1 1 3 5
A. B. C. D.
8 4 8 8
Exercise – 6
Solutions
1. Ans. (d)
Solution: Check through options: As
(5+3) + (52 + 32) = 42
And 5 x 3 = 15
2. Ans. (a)
1 1 1 1
Solution: (1 + ) (1 + ) (1 + )…..(1 + )
3 4 5 𝑛
4 5 6 𝑛 𝑛+1 𝑛+1
= x x x …. x =
3 4 5 (𝑛+1) 𝑛 3
Hence (a) is the correct option.
3. Ans. (d)
Solution: Since the unit digit of primes number = 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9
So, the unit digit of the squares of prime number = 1, 4, 9, 5, 9, 1
Thus 1 + 1 = 2, 4+1=5, 9+1=10, 5+1=6, 9+1=10 and 1+1=2
Hence the possible unit digits are 2, 5, 6, 0
Thus, 3 , 7 or 9 are not possible hence (d) is correct.
4. Ans. (b)
Solution: 1001 = 7 x 11 x 13
Hence (b)
5. Ans. (c)
1 1 1 1 1
Solution: (1 − ) (1- ) (1- ) (1 − ) …..(1 - - )
2 3 4 5 𝑛
1 2 3 4 (𝑛−2) (𝑛−1) 1
= x x x x …..x x =
2 3 4 5 (𝑛−1) 𝑛 𝑛
6. Ans. (d)
𝑁 𝑁 𝑁
Solution: = x .
12 3 4
𝑁 𝑁
However it is given that is not an integer and there fore, will not be an
4 12
integer.
7. Ans. (d)
Solution: If n is a perfect cube, then n2 will also be a perfect cube, therefore,
the answer is option (d).
8. Ans. (D)
Solution: (x + y)(x − y) = 343
9. Ans. (a)
Solution: Since the value of y varies between -8 to 2. It is evident that if we
take a very small value for y. say 0.000000000000000000000000, and we
take normal integral values for x and z, the expression xz/y would become
either positive or negative infinity (depending on how you manage the signs
of the number x, y and z). the answer is (a)
10. Ans. (c)

Solution: 1 + 2 + 22 + …..+ 2n = 232 – 1
232 −1
Hence the average will be; = 227 - 1/25
32
Which lies between 226 and 227.
11. Solution: 0
We can see from the expression that (x-y) (x+y) is an even number both x –
y and x + y are even is an even number both (x – y)(x+y) must be divisible
by 4. But 777314 is not divisible by 4. So it it has no solution. The correct
answer would be 0.
12. Ans. (b)

Solution: Again, spotting this with options is quite easy as we can see that
72 + 82 = 113 and that is 112 less than the value of (7+8)2 = 225, without
option here you can think of a2 + b2 + 112 = (a+b)2 → 2ab = 112 or ab = 56.
Since, the numbers are consecutive, sifting through the factor pairs of 56 we
can see the numbers as 7 and 8, respectively.
13. Ans. (a)

𝑥
Solution: Let be the fraction, then
𝑦
𝑥+4 1
=
𝑦 3
𝑥 1
And =
𝑦+3 6
 3x + 12 = y
 6x = y + 3
 X = 5 and y = 27
Thus, x + y = 32
14. Ans. (a)

1 1 1 1
Solution: + + + ⋯ …+
1𝑥2 2𝑥3 3𝑥4 100 𝑥 101
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
=( − )+( − ) + (3 − ) + (4 − ) + ⋯ …+ (100 − )
1 2 2 3 4 5 101
1 100
= 1- =
101 101
15. Ans. (a)

Solution: 33322 and 33332
 (34)830 x 32 and 33332

Thus (81)830 x 32 > 33332
Again 33322 and 33322
 (36)553 x 34 and (333)22
Thus (729)553 x 34 > (333)22
Again 33322 and 22333
 (33)1107 x 3 and 22333
Thus (27)1107 x 3 > 22333
Hence (a)
16. Ans. (A)

Solution: 2600 × 5600 will have 601 digits (1 followed by 600 zeroes). To get
604 digits we will have to increase the power of 2 such that we get a four
digit number followed by 600 zeroes. The power should also be a multiple of
3 as 8 = 23. The smallest such power is 212 = 84. Therefore, S = 8204 × 5600 =
4096000000… (604 digits). The sum of the digits of S = 19.
17. Ans. (b)

Solution: There is only one set of prime number that satisfies the given
condition, and the set of prime number is (2,3)
18. Ans. (c)

Solution: Let the number is AB
For perfect square = AB + Ba = (10A + B) + (10B + A) = 11(A+B)

For being a perfect square, (A+B) should be equal to 11.
Then(A+B) = 11 now find the sets of values of A and B.
19. Ans. (b)

Solution: There is only one set possible where p = 3, (p+2) = 5. And (p+4) =
7
In every other set, one number will be divisible by 3 and hence that number
will not be a prime number.
20. Ans. (c)

Solution: (x + y) (x + y) = 45 working through factor pairs of 45, we get 15 x
3; 45 x 1 and 9 x 5 as the three factor pairs here. The numbers are 9 & 6;
22& 23; 7&2.
21. Ans. (d)

Solution: Since the LCM of 20, 15, 12 and 8 is 120 we need the smallest
120n – 3 number is 5 digits 120 x 84 = 10080. Thus the required number is
10080 – 3 = 10077.
22. Solution: 16! = 215 ×36 ×53 ×72 ×111 ×131

16!
Since has to be a perfect square, which means all prime factors should
𝑁
have even power.
∴ n = 2× 5×11×13
= 1430
23. Ans. (b)

Solution: No explanations available
24. Ans. (c)

Solution: Go through option
6𝑝+7𝑞 6𝑝 7𝑞
→ +
42 42 42
Since p is divisible by 7 and q is divisible by 6 thus

6𝑝 7𝑞 6 𝑥 7𝑚+7 𝑥 6𝑛
+ →
42 42 42
42(𝑚+𝑛)
= = (m + n)
42
25. Ans. (d)

36
Solution: let there be n rows, then the number of soldier in each row =
𝑛
(since the number of soldier in each row is same) now the number of bullets
he gave to the first row = 1 bullet x number of soldiers
And the number of bullets he gave to the second row = 2 bullets x number
of soldiers
And the number of bullets he gave to the third row = 3 bullet x number of
soldiers
Hence total number of bullets
36 36 36 36
= 1 x + 2 x + 3 x + …+n x
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
36
180 = (1+2+3+….+n)
𝑛
36 𝑛(𝑛+1)
Or 180 = x
𝑛 2
36(𝑛+1)
Or 180 =
2
 (n+1) = 10
N=9
36
Thus the number of soldiers in each row = = 4
9
th
Hence, there are 4 soldiers in 8 row.
26. Ans. (C)

Solution: The actual sum would be less then 1000. Let’s find out the nearest
value of the sum n(n+1) = 1000
𝑛(𝑛+1)
⇒ )= 2000. We take the roots both sides to arrive at x as n and n+1
2
are two consecutive numbers and their product = x2 =2000 ⇒ n = 44. For
n=44, sum = 44X45 = 990. Therefore, page number 10 was added twice.
27. Ans. (4)

Solution: . y4-x2 = 12
⇒ (y2+x) (y2-x)
= 12.
y2-x and y2+x are two numbers at a difference of 2x, i.e an even number.
Therefore we need to break 12 into product of two number the difference
between then being even
⇒ (y2 + x) (y2 – x) = 2×6 ⇒ x = ± 2⇒ y = ± 2
28. Ans. 1/8

5200 (52 )100
Solution: = = remainder → 1
8 8
Exercise – 7
TITA (Short Answers)
1. The sum of 100 terms of the series (only write positive value of final
answer)
1-3+5-7+9-11+13-15+….is
2. How many prime numbers are there between 80 and 105?
3. In 1936, my age was equal to the last two digits of my birth year. My
grandfather said that it was
true for him also. Then, the sum of my age and my grandfather’s age in
1936 was
4. If n is a natural number such that 1012 < n < 1013 and the sum of the
digits of n is 2, then the number of values n can take is
5. The squares of the natural numbers are written in a straight line

149162536… to form a 200-digits number. What is the 100th digit from
the left?
6. How many natural numbers between 1 and 900 are NOT multiples of
any of the numbers 2, 3, or 5?
7. The numbers 123 456 789 and 999 999 999 are multiplied. How many
times does digit ‘9’ come in the product?
8. In the nineteenth century a person was X years old in the year X2 . How
old was he in 1884?
9. How many positive integers less than or equal to 120 are relatively
prime to 120?
10. The difference between the cubes of two consecutive positive

integers is 1027. Then the product of these integers is
11. The total number of integer pairs (x, y) satisfying the equation x + y =
xy
45
12. What is the units digit of 23 ?
2233
13. What is the units digit of 711 ?
14. How many numbers between 200 and 400 are divisible by 13?
15. If | x -4| + |y – 4| = 4, then how many integer values can the set (x, y)
have?
16. Find the 28383rd term of the series:

123456789101112….
17. The series of number (1,1/2, 1/3, ¼……..1/1972) is taken. Now two
numbers are taken from this series (the first two) say a, b. the n the
operation a + b + a. b is performed to get a consolidated number. The
process is repeated. When will be the value of the set after all the
numbers are consolidated into one number?
18. When the natural numbers 1, 2, 3….,500 a written, then the digit 3 is
ued n times in this way. The value of n is:
19. A stairway of 20 ft height is such that each step account for half a foot
upward and one foot forward. What distance will an ant travel if it starts
from ground level to reach the top of the stairway?
20. Paltry and Sundry, the two bird hunters went to woods paltry fires 5
shots when sundry fires 7 shots but paltry kills 2 out of 5 while sundry
kills 3 out of 7. When sundry has missed 32 shots. Then how many birds
has paltry killed?
21. 12 – 22 + 32 – 42 + ….-1992 :
22. What is the value of n such that n! = 3! × 5! × 7!
23. When asked about his date of birth in 1996, Mayank replied that last
two digits of my birth year stands for my age. When siddharth was asked
about his age, he also replied the same, however, siddharth is older to
mayank. What is the difference in their age?
24. How many integer values of x and y satisfy the expression 4x + 7y =

3 where |x| < 1000 and |y| < 1000?
25. There are six locks exactly with one key for each lock. All the keys
are mixed to each other. The maximum number of attempts needed to
get the correct combination is:
26. The sum of :

(22 + 42 + 62 + ….+1002) - (12 + 32 + 52 +….+992) is:
5𝑛+23
27. For how many integers n is also an integer?
𝑛−7
28. Let S = (3 + 32 + 33 + … + 3400) – (7 + 72 + 73 + … + 7201). The last

two digits of S are
29. How many positive integers less than or equal to 120 are relatively
prime to 120?
30. X! is completely divisible by 1151 but not by 1152. What is the sum of
digits of largest such number X?
17
1516
31. What is the unit digit of 7 ?
Exercise – 7
Solution
1.
Solution: 1-3 + 5 – 7 + 9 – 11 + …+197- 199
= (-2) + (-2) + (-2) + …..+(-2) [50 times]
= 50 x (-2) = -100. Hence 100
2. Ans. 3
Solution: 83,89,97
3. Ans. 86
Solution: The ages will be lying on either side of 1900 for us to have two
solutions to same situation. Let the birth year of grandfather be 18ab.
Therefore, his age in 1936 = 1936 − 18ab = 36 + 1900 − 18ab = 36 + 100 −
ab. This should be equal to ab ⇒ ab = 36 + 100 − ab ⇒ ab = 68. Similarly,
the birth year for grandson is 1918. The sum of ages = 68 + 18 = 86
4. Ans. 13
Solution: 1012 = 1 000 000 000 000. Since the number is greater than 1012
and the sum of the digits is 2, one of the zeroes in 1 000 000 000 000 will be
replaced by 1. Therefore, there will be 12 numbers generated this way.
Apart from this, the number 2 000 000 000 000 also satisfies the criterion.
Hence, 13 numbers are possible.
5. Ans. 9
Solution: 1 digit squares (1 to 3 = 3) = 1, 4, 9
2 digit squares (4 to 9 = 6) = 16, 25 ... 81
3 digit squares (10 to 31 = 22) = 100, 121... 961

Number of digits covered till now = 1*3 + 2*6 + 3*22 = 3 + 12 + 66 = 81
We need 19 more digits to reach 100.
Now, the perfect squares are 4 digits each. They are

32^2 = 1024
33^2 = 1089
34^2 = 1156
35^2 = 1225
These are 16 digits.
Number of digits covered till now = 81 + 16 = 97
Next perfect square is 36^2 = 1296

1 of 1296 is the 98th digit from the left.
So, the digit that we are looking for is 9
6. Ans. 240
1
Solution: The number of numbers prime to and less than 900 = 900(1- )(1 -
2
1 1
)(1- ) = 240
3 5
7. Ans. 0
Solution: 123456789*(1000000000-1)= 123456788876543211
8. Ans. 1884
Solution: There is only one perfect square in the nineteenth century 432 =
1849. Therefore, the man was 43 years old in 1849. Therefore, he was 78
years old in 1884.
9. Ans. 32
1
Solution: The number of numbers less than and prime to 120 = 120 (1- ) (1-
2
1 1
) (1- ) = 32
3 5
10. Ans. 18
Solution: (n + 1)3 − n3 = 1027 ⇒ 3n2 + 3n −1026 = 0 ⇒ n2 + n − 342 = 0 ⇒
n = 18.
11. Ans (2) ; (0,0) and (2,2)
12. Ans. 2
Solution: We know that 21 = 2, 22 = 4, 23 = 8, 24 = 16 and 25 = 32
Therefore cycle of 2 is 4.
5 5
34 (−1)4 1
now, = =
4 4 4
Therefore remainder is 1, so units digit = 21 = 2
13. Ans. 71=7

Solution: We know that 71 = 7, 72 = 9, 73 = 3 and 74 = 1, therefore, the cycle
of 7 is four.
33
Now divide 1122 by 4.
33 33
1122 (−1)22 1
= =
44 4 4
14. Solution: 15
15. Ans. 16
Solution: The expression would have solution based on a structure of:
4 + 0; 3+1; 2+2; 1+3 or 0+4
There will be 2 x 1 = 2 solutions for 4+0 as in this case x can take the values
of 8 and 0. While y can take a value of 4;
Similarly there would be 2 x 2 = 4 solutions for 3 + 1 as in this case x can
take the values of 7 or 1, while y can take a value of 5 or 3.
Thus, the total number of solutions can be visualized as:
2 (for 4 +0) + 4 (for 3 + 1) + 4 (for 2 +2) + 4 (for 1+3) +2(for 0+2) = 16
solutions for the set (x,y) where both x and y are integers.
16. Ans. (3)

Solution: There will be 9 single digit numbers using 9 digits, 90 two digit
numbers using 180 digits, 900 three digit numbers using 2700 digits. Thus,
when the number 999 would be written, a total of 2889 digits would have
been used up thus, we would need to look for the 25494 th digit when we
write all 4 digit numbers. Since 25494/4 = 6373.5 we can conclude that the
first 6373 four digit numbers would be used up for writing the first 25492
digits the second digit of the 6374th four digit number would be the required
answer since the 6374th four digit number is 7373, the required digit is 3.
17. Ans. (1972)
Solution: It can be seen that for only 2 number (1 and ½ ) the consolidated
number would be 1+½ + ½ = 2
For 3 numbers, (1, ½, 1/3) the number would be 3. Thus for the given series
the consolidated number would be 1972.
18. Ans. (3)

Solution: 5 x (3, 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73, 83, 93) + 5 x (30, 31, 32, 33, 34,
35, 36, 37, 38, 39) + (301, 302, 303, 304, ….., 399)
= 5 x 10 + 5 x 10 + 100 = 200
Explanations: In every set of 100 numbers there are 10 numbers whose
unit digit is 3. Similarly in every set of 100 number there are 10 numbers
whose tens digit is 3 and there are total 100 numbers whose hundreds digit
is 3.
19. Ans. (59)

Solution: Total distance to be covered = total horizontal
movement
+ total upward movement
= (20x 2- 1) + (20)
= 39 + 20 = 59 feet
20. Ans. (16)

Solution: Paltry Sundry
Fire shots 5 7
Hit shots 2 3
Missed shots 3 4
When Sundry missed 32 shots it means paltry missed 24 shots when paltry
missed 24 shots it means paltry hit 16 shots.
21. Ans. (19900)

Solution: 12 – 22 + 32 – 42 + 52 – 62 +…..-1982 + 1992
= (12-22) + (32-42) + (52-62)+……..+(1972 - 1982) + 1992
= (-3) + (-7) + (-11) + (-15) + …….+ (-395) + (199) 2

3+395
= [− ( ) 𝑥 99] + 39601
2
= (-199 x 99) + 39601

= (-19701) + 39601 = 19900
22. Ans. (10)
23. Ans. (1898)

Solution: Mayank DOB = 1948 and Siddharth DOB = 1898
24. Ans. (285)

Solution: The first solution easily visibly here would be at x = -1 and y = 1 in
such equations, we should know that the value of x would change with the
coefficient of y, while the value of y would change with the coefficient of x (&
the two values would move in the middle). Thus the series of values of x
from its highest positive value below 1000 to the lower limit of being just
above – 1000 would be 993, 986,…..13,6-1,-8,-15,…-995. The number of
1988
terms in this series = + 1 = 285.
7
25. Ans. (15)

Solution: Let there be six locks A, B, C, D, E and F.
Then we need maximum 5 attempts to know the right ‘A’. again we need
maximum 4 attempts to know the right key for ‘B’. similarly we need 3, 2 and
1 attempts to know the proper key for the locks C, D and E. Now 1 key is
automatically left for the lock ‘F’. Thus the total number attempts required =
5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 15
26. Ans. (5050)

Solution: (22 + 42 + 62 + 82 + ….+ 1002) - (12 + 32 + 52 + …+ 992)
= (22 + 42 + 62 +……+ 1002) = [(12 +22 + 32 + 42+ …..+992 + 1002)]
= 2 (22 + 42 + ……1002) – (12 + 22 + 32 +…..+1002)
= 8 (12 + 22 + 32 + ……+ 502) – (12 +22 + 32 + 42 + ……1002)
50 𝑥 51 𝑥 101 100 𝑥 101 𝑥 201
=8( ) -( )
6 6
101 𝑥 100 10100
=( ) (51 x 4 - 201) = ( ) x (3) = 5050,
6 6
Alternatively:
(22 + 42 + 62 + 82 + ….+ 1002) - (12 + 32 + 52 + …+ 992)

= [(4 + 16 + 36 + 64 + ……+ 10000) – (1 + 9 + 25 + ….+ 9801)]
3+199
= 3 + 7 + 11 + 15 + ….+199 = ( ) x 50
2
202 𝑥 50
= ( ) = 101 x 50 = 5050
2
27. Ans. (8)

5𝑛+23 5(𝑛+7)+58
Solution: =
𝑛−7 𝑥−7
55 58
5+ . For this to be integer should be an integer ⇒ 58 is divisible by
𝑥−7 𝑧−7
x-7 ⇒ x-7 = -58, -29, -2, -1, 1, 2, 29, 58 ⇒ We have corresponding 8 value
for n.
28. Ans. (93)

Solution: Let’s see the last two digits of summation in the groups of 4.
3 + 32 + 33 + 34 = 03 + 09 + 27 + 81 = 20
35 + 36 + 37 + 38 = 43 + 29 + 87 + 61 = 20
39 + 310 + 311 + 312 = 83 + 49 + 47 + 41 = 20
Similarly, for 7,
7 + 72 + 73 + 74 = 07 + 49 + 43 + 01 = 00
75 + 76 + 77 + 78 = 07 + 49 + 43 + 01 = 00
(3 + 32 + 33 + 34)+ (35+ 36 + 37 + 38)+ … + 3400 = (20) + (20) + … + 20 = 00
(7 + 72 + 73 + 74) + (75 + 76 + 77 + 78) + …+ 7200) + 7201 = 00 + 00 + 00 +
…+ 00 + 07 = 07
Therefore, difference = 00 − 07 = 93.
29. Ans. (32)

1
Solution: The number of numbers less than and prime to 120 = 120 (1 − )
2
1 1
(1 − 3) (1 − 5) = 32
30. Solution: 14
X! is completely divisible by 1151 so the value of X should be less than 11 x
51 = 561
561 561
Highest power of 11 in 561! [ ] + [ 2 ] + ….. = 51 + 4 = 55
11 11
If we subtract 11 x 3 = 33 from 561 we get 561 – 33 = 528 highest power of

528 528
11 in 528! Is [ ] + [ 2 ] = 52
11 11
527 527
Highest power of 1 in 528 – 1 = 527! Is = [ ] + [ 2 ] = 47 + 4 = 51
11 11
So the required number is 527.
Sum of the digits = 5 + 2 + 7 = 14.
31. Ans. (7)

Solution: Remainder of 15, 16, 17 with 4=1
Unit digit = 7
Percentile Classes
OLD is GOLD 06
Number System; Simplification; Surds Indices
Exam IPM (I) IPM (I) 2020 IPM (I) 2021 IPM (I) JIPMAT JIPMAT Total
2019 2022 2021 2022
Number of 08 04 03 04 08 08 35
Questions
Important Note:
Before solving past year questions, complete your class
sheets and Super 300 Series (Part 10,11,12 and Part 13).
Download pdf from Percentile Telegram Channel
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Name of file: OLD is GOLD 06 IPM 2023
All Percentile Classes eBooks are updated, now you can find
last exercise of all chapters as Past Year Questions
(Previous Year Questions)
1. If |x|<100 and |y|<100, then the number of integer solutions of (x, y)
satisfying the equation 4x + 7y = 3 is (IPM Indore 2019)
2. Assume that all positive integers are written down consecutively from left
to right as in 1234567891011……... The 6389th digit in this sequence is
(IPM Indore 2019)
3. The number of pairs of integers whose sums are equal to their products
is (IPM Indore 2019)
4. You have been asked to select a positive integer N which is less than
1000 , such that it is either a multiple of 4, or a multiple of 6, or an odd
multiple of 9. The number of such numbers is (IPM Indore 2019)
5. The maximum value of the natural number n for which 21n divides 50! Is
(IPM Indore 2019)
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9
6. The remainder when (2929)29 is divided by 9 is (IPM Indore 2019)

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
7. Placing which of the following two digits at the right end of 4530 makes
the resultant six digit number divisible by 6,7 and 9? (IPM Indore 2019)
(a) 96 (b) 78 (c) 42 (d) 54
8. Determine the greatest number among the following four numbers

(IPM Indore 2019)
(a) 2300 (b) 3200 (c) 2100 + 3100 (d) 4100
9. In a division problem, product of quotient and the remainder is 24 while

their sum is 10. If the divisor is 5 then dividend is__(IPM Indore 2020)
10. In a four-digit number, the product of thousands digit and units digit is
zero while their difference is 7. Product of the middle digits is 18. The
thousands digit is as much more than the units digit as the hundreds digit
is more than the tens digit. The four-digit number is (IPM Indore 2020)
11. The probability that a randomly chosen factor of 1019 is a multiple

of 1015 is (IPM Indore 2020)
1 1 1 1
(𝑎) (b) (c) (d)
25 12 20 16
12. In a class, students are assigned roll numbers from 1 to 140. All
students with even roll numbers opted for cricket, all those whose roll
numbers are divisible by 5 opted for football, and all those whose roll
numbers are divisible by 3 opted for basketball. The number of students
who did not opt for any of the three sports is (IPM Indore 2020)
(a) 102 (b) 38 (c) 98 (d) 42
13. The number of positive integers which divide (1890) ∙ (130) ∙ (170) and
are not divisible by 45 is __________________ (IPM Indore 2021)
14. What is the minimum number of weights which enable us to weigh any
integer number of grams of gold from 1 to 100 on a standard balance with
two pans? (Weights can be placed only on the left pan.)
(IPM Indore 2021)
15. The unit digit in (743)85 − (525)37 + (987)96 IS ___(IPM Indore 2021)
(a) 9 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 5
16. A new sequence is obtained from the sequence of positive integers (1,
2, 3,...) by deleting all the perfect squares. Then the 2022nd term of the
new sequence is (IPM Indore 2022)
17. The number of four-digit integers which are greater than 1000 and
divisible by both 2 and 3, but not by 5, is (IPM Indore 2022)
(a) 1333 (b) 1500 (c) 1666 (d) 1200
18. If the five-digit number abcde is divisible by 6, then which of the

following numbers is not necessarily divisible by 6? (IPM Indore 2022)
(a) eee (b) edcba (c) cdbae (d) bbadcacede
19. When the square of the difference of two natural numbers is subtracted
from the square of the sum of the same two numbers and the result is
divided by four, we get (IPM Indore 2022)
(a) the LCM of the two numbers
(b) the product of the LCM and HCF of the two numbers
(c) the HCF of the two numbers
(d) the square of the product of the two numbers
20. A number consists of two digits whose sum is 8. If 18 is added to the

number, its digits are interchanged. The number is (JIPMAT 2021)
(a) 26 (b) 35 (c) 53 (d) 62
21. The digit in the unit's place of the number represented by (795-358) is
(JIPMAT 2021)
(a) 0 (b)4 (c) 6 (d)7
9 12 18 21
22. Question The H.C.F of , , , is (JIPMAT 2021)
10 25 35 40
3 252 63 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 700 1400
23. The value of (25.732)2-(15.732)2 is (JIPMAT 2021)

(a) 4.1464 (b) 41.464 (c) 414.64 (d)4146.4
24. A train starts full of passengers. At the first station, it drops one third of
passengers and takes 280more. At the second station, it drops one half o
f the new total and takes 12 more. On arriving at third station, it is
found to have 248 passengers The number of passengers in the
beginning was (JIPMAT 2021)
(a) 156 (b) 288 (c) 564 (d) 608
1 1 1 1 1
25. The value of ( − + − + ) 𝑖𝑠 (JIPMAT 2021)
√9−√8 √8−√7 √7−√6 √6−√5 √5−√4
1
(𝑎) (𝑏) 0 (c) 1 (d) 5
5
4 1
26. of a pole is in the mud. When of it is pulled out, 250 cm of the pole
7 3
is still in the mud. The full length of the pole is (JIPMAT 2021)
(a) 1050 cm (b) 1350 cm (c) 437.5 cm (d) 750 cm
1 1 1
27. If 2x = 3y = 6−z , then ( + + ) is equal to (JIPMAT 2021)
x y z
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4
28. Which of the following is the value of m for which the polynomial x4
+ 10x3 + 25x2 + 15x + m is exactly divisible by +7 ? (JIPMAT 2022)
(a)-91 (b) -101 (c) 15 (d) 115
29. Given below are two statements:

Statement I : The sum of exponents of prime factors in the prime
factorization of 392 is 5.
13
Statement II : The decimal representation will terminate after 2
23 ×5
decimal places.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the
options given below: (JIPMAT 2022)
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true ,
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
30. Floor of a room is 15 m 17 cm long and 9 m 2 cm broad. What

is the least number of square tiles required to pave the ﬂoor?
(JIPMAT 2022)
(a) 768 (b) 906 (c) 814 (d) 652
31. If LCM of two numbers is 12 times HCF and the sum of LCM and HCF
is 403, if one number is 93, ﬁnd the other number (JIPMAT 2022)
(a) 124 (b) 114 (c) 128 (d) 96
√5+√3 √11+2√30
32. + (JIPMAT 2022)
√8−2√15 √6−√5
(𝑎)25 + √10 + 2√30
(𝑏)40 + √10 + 2√30
(𝑐)30 + √20 + 2√30
(𝑑)15 + √15 + 2√30
33. If 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 2𝑎 – 3𝑏 + ab, then 3 × 5 + 5 × 3 is equal to
(JIPMAT 2022)
(a) 26 (b) 24 (c) 22 (d) 20
325×325×325+175×175×175
34. The value of is (JIPMAT 2022)
325×325−325×175+175×175
(a) 143755 (b) 1125 (c) 9575 (d) 500
35. A two digit number is 7 times the sum of its two digits. The number that
is formed by reversing its digits is 18 less than original number. What is
the number? (JIPMAT 2022)
(a) 24 (b) 42 (c) 36 (d) 63
(Note: Some JIPMAT questions language are doubtful but we have taken exact same question as
came in the exam.)
Answer Key
1. 29 2. 4 3. 2 4. 388 5. c
6. b 7. a 8. b 9. 34 10. 7920
11. d 12. b 13. 320 14. 7 15. a
16. 2067 17. d 18. b 19. B 20. b
21. b 22. d 23. c 24. B 25. d
26. a 27. A 28. Drop 29. C 30. c
31. a 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. b
Super 300 Series

Important Questions for CAT | IPMAT| XAT |CMAT | IIFT | Du-JAT | All
BBA MBA exams
S. No. Topics
1 Logarithms
2 AP GP HP – 01
3 AP GP HP – 02
4 Special Series
5 SET Theory
6 Quadratic Equations
7 Inequalities
8 Maxima Minima
9 Functions
10 Number System 01
11 Number System 02
12 Number System 03
13 Number System 04
14 Combinations
15 Permutations
16 Probability
17 Geometry 01
18 Geometry 02
19 Coordinate Geometry/ Mensuration 03
20 Averages
21 Allegations
22 Profit Loss
23 SI CI
24 Ratio/Variations
25 Time Work
26 Time Distance Speed 01
27 Time Distance Speed 02
28 Binomial Trigonometry
29 Determinants
30 Matrices
OLD is GOLD Series 2023

Percentile Classes YouTube Channel
S. No. Topics
1 Quadratic Equations + Inequalities
2 AP GP HP + Special Series
3 Logarithms
4 Para Jumbles
5 Function Maxima Minima
6 Number System
7 Geometry
8 Grammar
9 Percentage + Profit Loss + SI CI + Ratio + Partnership
10 Averages + Alligations
11 Time and Work
12 Critical Reasoning
13 Time Distance Speed
14 SET Theory
15 Permutation Combination Probability
16 Vocab
17 Trigonometry
18 Data Interpretation
19 Matrices and Determinants
20 Reading Comprehensions
21 Miscellaneous (Conic + Binomial + Clocks etc)

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Percentile Classes

✓ Based on divisibility, there could be two types of natural numbers: Prime

The number line:

✓ Two different numbers x and y when divided by a certain divisor

1. The product of n consecutive natural numbers is always divisible by n!,

2. To find whether a number N is prime or not

Let P be the product of N1, N2, N3…

In the above equation, since only the product R1R2R3… is free of D,

Let S be the sum of N1, N2, N3…

Hence the remainder when S is divided by D is the remainder when R1

5. What is the remainder when 22004 is divided by 7?

Answer: 22004 is again a product (2 × 2 × 2... (2004 times)). Since 2 is

6. What is the remainder when 22006 is divided by 7?

7. What is the remainder when 2525 is divided by 9?

The remainder when 343 is divided by 9 is 1 and the remainder when 7

4. Now (43 ) gives a remainder 1 when divided by 7. Therefore, we need to

SOME SPECIAL CASES:

k(B × Q1 + R1) = Q × kB + R ➔ R = kR1.

What the remainder when 296 is divided by 96?

The common factor between 296 and 96 is 32 = 25

The concept of negative remainder

When a number N < D gives a remainder R (= N) when divided by D, it

9. Find the remainder when 752 is divided by 2402.

Hence, the remainder when 752 is divided by 2402 is equal to −1 or 2402 – 1

When dividend is of the form an + bn or an – bn

Theorem1: an + bn is divisible by a + b when n is ODD.

Theorem 2: an – bn is divisible by a + b when n is EVEN.

Theorem 3: an – bn is ALWAYS divisible by a – b.

10. What is the remainder when 3444 + 4333 is divided by 5?

11. What is the remainder when (5555)2222 + (2222)5555 is divided by 7?

Now (4)2222 + (3)5555 = (42)1111 + (35)1111 = (16)1111 + (243)1111.

Now (16)1111 + (243)1111 is divisible by 16 + 243 or it is divisible by 259,

12. 202004 + 162004 – 32004 − 1 is divisible by:

Answer: 202004 + 162004 – 32004 – 1 = (202004 – 32004) + (162004 – 12004).

202004 + 162004 – 32004 – 1 = (202004 – 12004) + (162004 – 32004).

Hence the complete expression is divisible by 17 × 19 = 323.

13. When f(x) = a + bx + cx2 + dx3 +... is divided by x – a

What is the remainder when x3 + 2x2 + 5x + 3 is divided by x + 1?

14. If 2x3 −3x2 + 4x + c is divisible by x – 1, find the value of c.

15. Find the remainder when 537 is divided by 63.

16. Find the last three digits of 57802.

57400 57400 𝑥 57400 57800

57802 57800 𝑥 572

Hence, the last two digits of 57802 are 249.

17. What is the remainder when n7 – n is divided by 42?

Now (n – 1)(n)(n + 1) is divisible by 3! = 6. Hence n7 – n is divisible by 6 x 7

Fermat's Little Theorem

18. Find the remainder when 5260 is divided by 31.

19. Find the remainder when 40! is divided by 41.

Chinese Remainder Theorem

If a number N = a × b, where a and b are prime to each other, i.e., hcf(a, b)

20. Find the remainder when 3101 is divided by 77.

Some Special Problems:

21. Find the remainder when 123456789101112……..40 is divided by 36.

22. Find the remainder when 1121231234…12345678 is divided by 36.

Let n! = 1 × 2 × 3 × … × n for integer n ≥ 1. If p = 1! + (2 × 2!) + (3 × 3!) + …

Answer: nth term of the series = n × n! = (n + 1 − 1) × n! = (n + 1)! − n!

Find the remainder when 1 × 2 + 2 × 3 + 3 × 4 + … + 98 × 99 + 99 × 100 is

23. A number when divided by 8 leaves remainder 3 and quotient Q. The

What is the remainder when ⏟