DIFFERENTIATION OF ALGEBRAIC FUNCTION AND TRANSCENDENTALS

Differentiation is a method used to compute the rate of change of a function f(x)

with respect to its input x . This rate of change is known as the derivative of f with
respect to x .

The derivative of f(x) with respect to x is the function f’(x) and is defined as,

f ( x+ h )−f ( x )
f ' ( x )=li mh →0
h

THEOREM:
DEFINITION:
If f(x) is
The derivative tells us the slope of the
differentiable at a, then
function f(x) at any point.
f(x) is continuous at a .

DIFFERENTIATION FORMULAS

CONSTANT RULE - The derivative of any constant term is always 0 .

d
c=0
dx
d
Prove that 5=0
dx

By definition:

f ( x+ h )−f ( x )
f ' ( x )=li mh →0
h Therefore, we can say that the
derivative of a constant term c is
( c+ h )−( c ) equal to 0.
li mh →0
h

c+ h−c
li m h →0
h

h 0
li mh →0 = =¿
h 0
ADDITION / SUM RULE – The derivative of the functions f(x) and g(x) is the sum of
their derivatives.

d d d
Formula:
dx
[ f ( x ) + g ( x ) ]= f ( x ) + g ( x )
dx dx

d
Prove that ( 2 x 2+12 x ) + ( 3 x 2−2 x+3 )=10 x+ 10
dx

(2 ( x+ h ) + 12 ( x +h )+3 ( x +h ) −2 ( x +h ) +3)−( ( 2 x 2+12 x ) + ( 3 x 2−2 x+3 ))

2 2
li m h →0
h
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 x +4 xh+ h +12 x +12 h+3 x + 6 xh+h −2 x−2 h+3−2 x −12 x−3 x + 2 x−3
li mh →0
h
2
10 xh+10 h+ 2 h
li m h →0
h

li mh →0 10 x+10+ 2 ( 0 )=10 x+ 10

SUBTRACTION / DIFFERENCE RULE - The derivative of the functions f(x) and g(x) is
the difference of their derivatives.

d d d
Formula:
dx
[ f ( x )−g ( x ) ] = f ( x ) − g ( x )
dx dx

d
Prove that ( 12 x3 +2 x )−( 3 x 2 +4 x ) =36 x 2−6 x−2
dx

( 12 ( x +h )3 +2 ( x +h ) ) −( 3 ( x +h )2 +4 ( x+ h ) )−( ( 12 x ³+ 2 x )−( 3 x 2 +4 x ) )
li mh →0
h

2 2 3 2
36 x h+36 x h + 12h −3 h −6 xh−2 h
li mh →0
h
2 2 2
li mh →0 36 x +36 x ( 0 ) +12 ( 0 ) −3 ( 0 )−6 x−2=36 x −6 x−2
To differentiate an algebraic function, we can use various differentiation rules such as
the power rule, product rule, quotient rule, and chain rule.

The power rule states that if we have the function of the form f ( x )=x n

when n is a constant then its derivative given by f’( x )=n x n−1

For example

1. f ( x )=12 x 2

Solution:

Step 1: Identify the exponent of the function. In this case the exponent is 3

Step 2: Apply the power rule which states the derivative of a function raised to a
constant power is

d n n−1
x =n • x
dx

Where n is a constant and x is the dependent variable

Step 3: Substitute the exponent from step 1 into the power rule formula and simplify

Applying the power rule we get

2
f ’ ( x )=3 x

Therefore the derivative of f(x) = x³ is f ’ ( x )=3 x2

This is the step-by-step solution of differentiating the function using the power rule. Note
that the power rule can be applied to any function of the form x n where n is a constant.
The derivative of such a function is given byn • x n−1
The product rule is used when we have a function that is a product of two or more
functions.

Formula:

d '
[f ( x ) g ( x ) ]=f ( x ) g ( x ) + g ( x ) f ' (x)
dx

Example:

Find the derivative of

y=( 2 x 4 −3 ) ( x 2+ 1 )

In this problem the f ( x ) is ( 2 x 4−3 ) , x 2 +1 is the g ( x )

Before we apply the formula we need first to get the derivative of f (x)and g(x )

For f ( x )

2
f ( x )=2 x −3

f ' ( x )=( 4 ) ( 2 ) x 4−1 +0

' 3
f ( x )=8 x

For g(x )

2
g ( x )=x +1

' 2−1
g ( x ) =2 x +0

'
g ( x ) =2 x

So now, we can use the formula of product rule

y ' =f ( x ) g' ( x ) + g ( x ) f ' ( x )

y ' =( 2 x 4−3 ) ( 2 x ) + ( x 2 +1 ) ( 8 x )

After we substitute the function then, simplify

 ' 5 5 3
y =4 x −6 x+ 8 x + 8

So the answer is

' 5 3
y =12 x + 8 x −6 x

The quotient rule is used when we have a function that is the quotient of two functions

[ ]
' '
d f ( x ) g ( x ) f ( x )−f ( x ) g ( x )
=
dx g ( x ) ( g ( x ) )2
2
( ) x
Consider the function: f x =
cos ( x )

Step 1:Differentiate the numerator with respect to x. The derivative of x 2 is 2 x

Step 2:Differentiate the denominator with respect to x. The derivative of cos ⁡x ¿ is−sin ⁡x ¿

Plug in the values obtained in step 1 and 2 into the quotient rule formula and simplify.

Applying the quotient rule, we get:

f’(x¿=cos ( x ) • 2 x −x ² ¿ ¿

Simplifying we get:

2
2 xcos ( x )+ x sin ( x )
f ' ( x )=
co s2 ( x )

There the derivative of

2
x
f ( x )= is
cos x
2
' 2 xcos ( x )+ x sin ( x )
f ( x )=
co s2 ( x )
The chain rule is used when we have a composition of two or more function

Formula:

d
dx
[ f ( g ( x ) ) ] =f ' ( g ( x ) ) g' ( x )

Example:

Consider the function

f ( x )=sin ( 2 x )

Solution:

Step 1: Identify the outer function and the inner function. In this case, the outer function
is sin (x) and the inner function is 2x

Step 2: Apply the chain rule, which states that the derivative of a composition of function
is

d
dx
[ f ( g ( x ) ) ] =f ( g ( x ) ) • g ( x )
' '

Where f and g are function of x.

Step 3: Differentiate the outer function, f(x)=sin (x), with respect to its variable. The
derivative of sin (x) is cos (x).

Step 4: Differentiate the inner function, g(x) =2x, with respect to x.

The derivative of 2x is 2

Step 5: Plug the values obtained in step 3 and 4 into the chain rule formula, and
simplify.

Applying the chain rule, we get:

d
( sin ( 2 x ) )=cos (2 x ) • 2
dx

Simplifying, we get:
d
(sin 2 x )¿=2 cos ⁡( 2 x )
dx

Therefore, the derivative is

d
(sin 2 x )¿=2 cos ⁡( 2 x )
dx

This is the step-by-step solution of differentiating the function using the chain rule.

The chain rule is used when we have a composition of functions, where one function is
applied to the output of another function. By applying the chain rule, we can find the
derivative of the composition function by differentiating both the outer and inner
functions and then combining the results using the given formula.