GPS Compliance Assessment and R2

Model Validation Test Plan Template

February 2020

For Inverter-based Generation Technologies

Important notice
PURPOSE

AEMO has prepared this document to provide information to assist Generators in their preparation of GPS
compliance assessment and R2 model validation test plans for inverter-based generation technologies, such as wind,
solar and battery, as at the date of publication.

DISCLAIMER
This document or the information in it may be subsequently updated or amended. This document does not constitute
legal or business advice and should not be relied on as a substitute for obtaining detailed advice about the National
Electricity Law, the National Electricity Rules, or any other applicable laws, procedures or policies. AEMO has
made every effort to ensure the quality of the information in this document but cannot guarantee its accuracy or
completeness.
Accordingly, to the maximum extent permitted by law, AEMO and its officers, employees and consultants involved
in the preparation of this document:
 make no representation or warranty, express or implied, as to the currency, accuracy, reliability or completeness
of the information in this document; and
 are not liable (whether by reason of negligence or otherwise) for any statements or representations in this
document, or any omissions from it, or for any use or reliance on the information in it.

VERSION CONTROL
Version Release date Changes

1.0 Sep 2016 First issue

2.0 Feb 2020 Revised and updated general requirements , tests and report requirements

© 2020 Australian Energy Market Operator Limited.

The material in this publication may be used in accordance with the copyright permissions on AEMO’s website.
Contents
1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose and scope
1.2 Definitions and interpretation
2. General requirements
2.1 Pre-requisites for GPS Compliance and R2 Model Validation Testing
2.2 Main point of contacts
2.3 Key plant information
2.4 Communication protocol
2.5 Risk assessment
2.6 Commissioning test schedule
2.7 Hold Points
2.8 Measurement equipment
2.9 Test data file names
2.10 GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan requirements
2.11 Hold point test report requirements
3. Typical tests for inverter-based generation technologies
3.1 Hold Point 0 Tests
3.2 Hold Point 1 Tests
3.3 Hold Point 2 Test
3.4 Hold Point 3 Test
3.5 Other Hold Point 3 tests
3.6 System event analysis
A1. Appendix
A1.1 Main points of contact
A1.2 Key plant information
A1.3 Hold point table
A1.4 Overview of GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Validation Tests
A1.5 Test schedule
A1.6 Generation profile
A1.7 Risk assessment
A1.8 Test conditions, file name and time stamp summary– voltage reference step test
A1.9 Compliance summary
A1.10 Measurement point layout example
A1.11 Test Plan checklist
A1.12 Hold point report checklist

Table 1 Typical signals to be measured for asynchronous dynamic reactive support device
control system tests

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Table 2 Typical signals to be measured for generating unit and park dispatch control tests
Table 3 Key stakeholders from each party involved in commissioning and GPS compliance, and
R2 tests
Table 4 Registered plant information
Table 5 Example hold point table for a generating system with 100 MW maximum capacity
(name plate rating 125 MVA) and 45 generating units.
Table 6 Test schedule example
Table 7 Generation profile table example
Table 8 Risk matrix example
Table 9 Risk assessment example – voltage reference step test
Table 10 Risk controls example – voltage reference step test
Table 11 Test conditions example – voltage reference step test
Table 12 File name and time stamp summary example – voltage reference step test
Table 13 Compliance Summary Example
Table 14 Test plan checklist
Table 15 Hold point report checklist

Figure 1 Typical Hold Point regions and measurements

Figure 2 Typical reactive power capability of a solar inverter generating unit
Figure 3 Typical inverter-based generating system reactive power capability and measurement
conditions for HP1
Figure 4 Typical inverter-based generating system reactive power capability and measurement
conditions for HP2
Figure 5 Typical inverter-based generating system reactive power capability and measurement
conditions for HP3
Figure 6 Generation profile example
Figure 7 Measurement point layout

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1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose and scope
Under the National Electricity Rules (NER), Generators are required to:
 Prepare commissioning programs for new or replacement equipment (see clause 5.8.4).
 Provide a commissioning program to the connecting Network Service Provider (NSP) and AEMO not less than 3
months prior to commencement of commissioning for a connection to a transmission network and not less than 1
month prior to commencement of commissioning for a connection to a distribution network (see clause 5.8.4(b)).
 Prepare test plans to demonstrate that their generating systems comply with their performance standards (GPS)
and connection agreements (see clause 5.7.3).
 Demonstrate that any system strength remediation scheme provided by their facilities meets the requirements
specified in their connection agreements (see clause 5.7.3A).
 Notify AEMO and the NSP of any test to their equipment, or generating units, that requires a change to normal
operation (see clause 5.7.5, or 5.7.6, respectively).
 Develop a routine compliance test program for their plant (see clause 4.15(b)).
This document has been prepared to assist Generators to prepare a commissioning program or test plan for inverter-
based generation to meet any of the purposes detailed above for:
 New and upgraded plant and equipment.
 Inverter-based generation technologies, primarily wind, solar photovoltaic (PV), and battery.
 Tests to validate compliance with GPS and connection agreements when carrying out:
– Temporary changes to control system settings; and
– Temporary changes to plant operating modes.
The document does not cover every conceivable variation to generating system design. Minor modifications will be
acceptable when submitting test plans to AEMO and NSP in those circumstances.
This document does not apply to changes to plant protection systems to any detailed test procedure (also known as an
‘Inspection and Test Procedure’ or ‘ITP’) for test engineers for on-site testing.

1.2 Definitions and interpretation

1.2.1 Glossary
Terms defined in the National Electricity Law and the NER have the same meanings in this document.
Terms defined in the NER are intended to be identified in this document by italicising them, but failure to italicise a
defined term does not affect its meaning.
The words, phrases and abbreviations in the table below have the meanings set out opposite them when used in this
document.
Term Definition

AGC Automatic Generation Control

COMTRADE Common format for Transient Data Exchange for power systems

CSV Comma-separated values

DI Dispatch Interval

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 Term Definition

FAT Factory acceptance test

FCAS Frequency control ancillary services

Generators Generators and those intending to register as Generators following the construction and connection of
new generating plant.

GPS Performance standard, as it applies to generating systems.

GPS S5.2.X.X The performance standard applicable to the generating system being tested. The reference to
“S5.2.5.X” refers to the clause in Schedule 5.2 of the NER from which the applicable performance
standard is drawn.

GPS Compliance Assessment The plan submitted for the purposes of clause 5.8.4 of the NER.
and R2 Validation Test Plan

HIL Hardware in the Loop

HMI Human Machine Interface

HP Hold Point

HV High voltage

Hz hertz

kHz kilohertz

LV Low voltage

MAT Model acceptance test

MMS AEMO’s Market Management Systems

MV Medium voltage

MVA megavolt amperes

MVAr megavolt ampere reactive

MW megawatt

DRD Asynchronous dynamic reactive support device

NEM National Electricity Market

NER National Electricity Rules

NSP The Network Service Provider who has connected the generating system to the network.

OEM Original equipment manufacturer

PF Power factor

PSCADTM/EMTDCTM Power Systems Computer Aided Design / Electromagnetic Transient with Direct Current

PSS®E Power System Simulator for Engineering.

PU Per unit

PV Photovoltaic

RMS Root mean square

RUG Releasable user guide

SCADA Supervisory control and data acquisition

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 Term Definition

SDRD Synchronous dynamic reactive support device

SI Solar inverter

SMIB Single machine infinite bus

STATCOM Static synchronous compensator

UPS Uninterruptible power supply

WTG Wind turbine generator

1.2.2 Interpretation
This document is subject to the principles of interpretation set out in Schedule 2 of the National Electricity Law.

1.3Related documents
Title Location

Commissioning Requirements for https://aemo.com.au/-/media/Files/PDF/

Generating Systems Commissioning_Requirements_‌for_‌Generating_Systems-pdf.pdf

Dispatch Procedure SO_OP_3705 https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/Files/Electricity/NEM/Security_and_Reliability/‌

Power_System_Ops/Procedures/SO_OP_3705---Dispatch.pdf

GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model https://aemo.com.au/-/media/Files/Electricity/NEM/Network_Connections/‌

Validation Test Plan Template for Transmission-and-Distribution/Generating-System-Test-Plan-Template-for-
Conventional Synchronous Machines Conventional-Synchronous-Machines.pdf

Outage Assessment SO_OP_3718 https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/Files/Electricity/NEM/Security_and_Reliability/

Power_System_Ops/Procedures/SO_OP_3718---Outage-Assessment.pdf

Power System Design Data Sheets and https://aemo.com.au/-/media/Files/Electricity/NEM/Security_and_Reliability/‌System-

Power System Settings Data Sheets Security-Market-Frameworks-Review/2018/
Power_System_Design_and_‌Setting_Data_Sheets_PUBLISHED.xlsx

Power System Model Guidelines https://aemo.com.au/-/media/Files/Electricity/NEM/Security_and_Reliability/‌System-

Security-Market-Frameworks-Review/2018/
Power_Systems_Model_‌Guidelines_PUBLISHED.pdf

Power System Security Guidelines https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/Files/Electricity/NEM/Security_and_Reliability/‌

SO_OP_3715 Power_System_Ops/Procedures/SO_OP_3715---Power-System-Security-Guidelines.pdf

R2 Testing Guideline https://aemo.com.au/-/media/Files/PDF/R2_Testing_Guideline.pdf

2. General requirements
2.1 Pre-requisites for GPS Compliance and R2 Model Validation Testing
The following are required before compliance or R2 model validation testing can begin:
 Generator’s application for registration as a Generator is approved by AEMO.
 GPS are included in the relevant connection agreement and notified to AEMO under clause 5.3.7 of the NER.
 SCADA signals of good quality are received by AEMO.
 All protection systems are in service.
 All trip, runback scheme and other control systems are in service.

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 The following documents have been submitted to AEMO and the NSP:
– Final connection study reports.
– R1 Power System Design Data Sheets and Power System Setting Data Sheets.
– R1 model package:
○ Generating unit model and aggregation method used.
○ Generating system central dispatch control model.
○ Static and dynamic reactive support devices model (if applicable).
○ System strength remediation scheme facilities model (if applicable).
○ Coordinated generating system control system model (if applicable).
– R1 block diagrams for the above models.
– R1 model source codes.
– R1 model parameters.
– R1 releasable user guide (RUG).
– Model acceptance test report (MAT)
– Final, as-built single line diagrams.
– An agreed GPS Compliance and R2 Validation Test Plan as required by clause 5.8.4 of the NER.
– Voltage control strategy report.
– Trip, runback scheme and other control system reports (if applicable).
– Start-up and shut-down procedure.
– Communication failsafe mechanism (central park controller to generating units and central park controller to
measurement meters) document.
– Physical setting downloads of the controllers.
– Setting summary table comparing physical settings downloaded from controllers on site with the R1
PSS®ETM and PSCADTM/EMTDC™ model settings.
– Valid calibration certificates of measurement equipment.
– Test schedule and generation profiles.
– Pre-test simulation studies - This is particularly necessary when connecting inverter-based generation to weak
networks to ensure that the extent of changes applied to reactive power and voltage at the connection point
would not adversely impact the area in which the generating system is connected.
– Generating system layout, including location of the closest NSP substation, generating unit and generating
system transformers, transmission line/cable arrangement, other static and dynamic reactive support devices
(if available).
– All pre-energisation checks/tests (e.g. protection tests) complete and confirmation that safe to energise.
– Type test, factory acceptance test (FAT) and any relevant off-site test reports.
– Photos of nameplate ratings of major plant installed on site (e.g. transformers, solar inverter (SI)/wind turbine
generator (WTG)) and evidence to confirm any connection assessment and assumptions (e.g. transformer
fixed tap positions).
– Proof of required skills and qualifications of the personnel involved in commissioning and GPS compliance
and R2 validation tests.
– Confirmation of compliance with all workplace health and safety requirements.
– Any other compliance evidence to the agreed GPS.
 Operational communication facilities functional.
 Bids and intermittent generation section of the Market Management System (MMS) portal complete.
 AEMO and the NSP have approved plant to commence commissioning tests.

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2.2 Main point of contacts
A commissioning test plan includes contact details of the key personnel involved in commissioning activities. The
Generator must keep the main contact list up to date. Plant operator contacts should be available on a 24-hour basis
for AEMO and NSP control room staff to contact. Refer to Appendix A1.1 for a recommended contact list template.

2.3 Key plant information

A commissioning test plan includes key plant information consistent with the GPS, RUG and Power System Data
Sheets. Refer to Appendix A1.2 for a recommended key plant list template.

2.4 Communication protocol

The commissioning test plan includes the relevant communication protocols for:
 Commissioning test schedule and generation profile updates.
– Submit updated commissioning test schedule and daily generation profiles to AEMO and the NSP at least one
week prior to each hold point (HP) commencement.
– Refer to Appendices A1.5 and A1.6 for a recommended test schedule and generation profile template.
 Bids and MMS portal updates.
– Submit bids (‘Availability’ and ‘Rate of Change’) reflecting the test requirements and follow dispatch targets
and rate of change requirements, as required by the System Security Protocol for Generating Unit
Commissioning or Testing in the Power System Security Guidelines SO_OP_3715.
– Update MMS portal intermittent generation section consistent with the commissioning test schedule and
plant availability.
 Update to operational contacts.
– Any changes to operational contact details must be communicated to AEMO and the NSP by email to
National Electricity Market Real Time Operations (NEM RTO) at CROCS@aemo.com.au, NSP operational
contact, AEMO Commissioning support contact and NSP commissioning support contact.
 Physical controller settings downloads.
– AEMO, the NSP and Generator must agree on required controllers, format, frequency of the controller
settings download submissions prior to commencement of HP tests.
 HP approval.
– AEMO and NSP commissioning support engineers must approve the current HP report before the next HP
tests commence.
 Commissioning test approval.
– Before proceeding with each commissioning test, seek approval from the NSP control room and AEMO
control room.
 Constraints in MMS.
– AEMO will invoke and revoke constraint equations in MMS based on the HP level and NSP and Generator
advice on commissioning testing. Any change to plant operating levels or updates to constraint equation
expiry date should be communicated to the AEMO commissioning support engineer so that AEMO can
update the relevant constraint equation.
 Submission of HP reports.
– Commissioning schedules include the HP reports submission dates. Any change to a previously agreed HP
completion date or HP report submission date must be communicated to the AEMO and NSP commissioning
support engineers for their approval.
 Semi-dispatch cap.
– Semi-scheduled generating systems must always follow their dispatch target during a semi-dispatch interval
during commissioning tests. Dispatch targets can be below the HP level based on the binding constraint
equation. Each semi-scheduled generating system is expected to ramp linearly from its initial active power

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 output to its semi-dispatch cap applying at the end of a semi-dispatch interval, subject to energy availability1.
Any non-conformance to the dispatch target while a semi-dispatch cap applies must be communicated to the
AEMO control room.
 Plant monitoring.
– Plant should be monitored constantly. Processes should be in place, and met, to report any non-compliance to
the AEMO/NSP control rooms and commissioning support engineers immediately.
 Changes to the commissioning test methodology and procedures.
– The Generator must seek advice from AEMO and the NSP if changes are required to the agreed test
methodology and procedures before proceeding with the commissioning tests.
 Update on test progress.
– The Generator test coordinator must update the AEMO and NSP commissioning support engineers on
progress of the commissioning tests on a daily or weekly basis, as required.

2.5 Risk assessment

The commissioning and GPS compliance testing program must identify potential risks arising from carrying out each
test and describe the applied risk mitigation controls. The Generator’s test lead/manager must sign-off on each risk
control before each test commences. Refer to Appendix A1.7 for a recommended risk assessment template.

2.6 Commissioning test schedule

A commissioning test schedule includes all planned activities from the pre-energisation phase to bringing the
generating system to commercial operation. Refer to Appendix A1.5 for a recommended commissioning test
template.
The following information is generally included:
 Active power and reactive power output expected for each test at each HP.
 A list of all GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Tests conducted, including:
– Offline tests.
– Online tests for all HPs.
 Generation profiles for each day of testing must be submitted two business days before testing. Refer to
Appendix A1.6 for a preferred template.
Ensure that all tests specified in the commissioning schedule are accurately represented in the daily generation
profiles. If any inconsistency is identified, the Generator must immediately update these documents with the latest
commissioning information and provide them to AEMO and the NSP.

2.7 Hold Points

When commissioning new or upgraded plant for the first time or making a change to control system settings or mode
of operation HPs are generally required, whereby the generating system’s overall output is constrained to a pre-
defined megawatt (MW) level, which increases following successful completion of each level. At each HP, a report
must be submitted to AEMO and the NSP for review and approval before progressing further with commissioning.
This process allows for the staged release of capacity subject to:
 Successful demonstration of applicable GPS.
 Confirmation of simulation model(s) against measured responses for all tests that can be replicated by performing
dynamic simulation.
The number of HPs could vary depending on the size of the generating system and its impact on the power system.
Typical HPs, as shown in Figure 1 for illustrative purposes, include:
 HP 0 – Prior to energisation of generating units.
 HP 1 – At least 20% of plant maximum capacity with at least 1/3 of generating units in service.
1
See Dispatch Procedure SO_OP_3705.

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 HP 2 – At least 60% of plant maximum capacity with all generating units in service.
 HP 3 – At least 90% of plant maximum capacity with all generating units in service.
Refer to Appendix A1.3 for a recommended HP table template.

Figure 1 Typical Hold Point regions and measurements

This document assumes that three HPs are required. In practice, AEMO or the NSP can request more than three
based on the location, number of generating units available for tests and size of the generating system.
HPs are based on active power output level assuming that measured responses are stable, and that a reasonable
correlation exists between measured and simulated responses. Additional HPs may be introduced if HP testing show
there is no reasonable correlation between measured and simulated responses.
The minimum generation level and number of generating units online must be agreed with AEMO and the NSP for
each HP in the commissioning test plan.
AEMO and the NSP release HP capacity for commissioning testing only. Plant is not expected to operate for an
extended period without tests being undertaken. If HP tests are not completed or HP reports are not submitted to
AEMO and the NSP within the agreed timeframes, AEMO will constrain generating system output to the previously
approved HP level. If HP tests cannot be completed due to primary energy source availability, interim HPs may be
tested subject to agreement with AEMO and the NSP.
AEMO and the NSP will confirm the following items are complete before final HP approval for unconstrained
operation:
 All HP reports have been approved.
 All non-compliances during the commissioning period have been resolved.
 All control schemes, including system strength remediation schemes, are in operation and agreed parameters
implemented.
 Operational communications are functional.
 Energy conversion model (ECM) is accurate and all SCADA signals are of good quality.
 Bids are updated accurately.
 Plant follows dispatch targets from AEMO as in accordance with the Dispatch Procedure SO_OP_3705.

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 Plant is continuously monitored by the Generator’s control room, and processes are in place to identify and notify
any non-conformance to the AEMO and NSP control rooms.
 The Generator’s control room operators have been trained to follow verbal instructions from the AEMO and NSP
control rooms (e.g. switching operation, voltage set point change).
 Non-compliance reporting process is in place.

2.8 Measurement equipment

Information that needs to be provided to AEMO and the NSP on the measurement equipment and its location is as
follows:
 Manufacturer, model and serial number of the equipment.
 Type of equipment2:
– Continuous monitoring, or event triggering, manual triggering or others.
– Measurement equipment should be permanent to allow for compliance with clauses 4.15(b) and 5.7.3(g) of
the NER.
– It is recommended Generators use instrument transformers with a higher accuracy class to minimise the
errors.
 Location of measurement equipment marked on a single line diagram:
– Inverter-based generation technologies, such as wind and solar farms, generally consist of several generating
units and reactive support devices. Measurement equipment must, therefore, be provided at various locations
within the generating system including:
○ Connection point or HV terminals of plant transformers (T1 HV) (See Figure 7).
○ MV collector bus to which the generating units are connected.
○ Generating units:
 At least one for each different type of generating unit and the most common generating unit type would
need to have high-speed data recorders at both the electrically closest and furthest generating units with
respect to the MV collection grid.
 As an example, a wind farm comprising (30) x 3 MW type 3 WTGs, (15) x 3 MW type 4 WTGs, and
(15) x 2 MW type 4 WTGs would need to have two high-speed data recorders for the 3 MW type 3
WTGs, and one for each of the other two types.
○ Some of the inverter-based generation technologies may have generating units with multiple LV
terminals, e.g. some designs of doubly fed asynchronous generating units have two LV terminals.
Measurement locations for such technologies are expected to cover both LV terminals.
○ Each type of dynamic reactive support device, such as STATCOMs and synchronous condensors (if
applicable).
○ Central park level controller.
 Sampling rate and time window available for configuration.
 Inverter-based generation technologies generally employ fast acting power electronic converter controls. High
speed measurement equipment is, therefore, required to capture the dynamic response adequately. Typical
sampling rate of such measurement equipment is over 10 kHz.
 Format of measurement data (CSV or COMTRADE).
 The following data and information should be made available to AEMO and the NSP:
– All pre-processed measurement (raw) data with minimum resolution of 100 Hz for electrical quantities and 1
kHz for control signals.
– Scaling factors for all signals.
– Information on post-processing of raw measurement data, such as re-sampling, filtering, averaging and
calculations of the signals.

2
It is expected that independent equipment is installed to collect test results separately from the device under test.

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 Acceptance testing report for measurement equipment.
 Valid and up-to-date calibration certificates of measurement equipment.
 Signals to be measured at each measurement location.
 Where many recorders are to be used, details on how measurement results will be synchronised to GPS clock.
 Generating units with high-speed measurement equipment must be in-service for all tests.
 Measured voltages and currents must be available in three-phase instantaneous waveforms, three-phase root mean
square (RMS), per-phase RMS.
 Measured reference signals (Vref, Qref, Pref, Fref etc), irradiance, wind speed and temperature.
 Voltage and frequency thresholds are defined for triggered power system events to trigger, record and save event
data automatically for GPS compliance and R2 validation requirements.
 Measurement equipment power is supplied via an uninterruptable power supply (UPS) to ensure continuous
recording during network disturbances.

2.9 Test data file names

The following naming convention is required for all test data files captured:
PlantName_SectionName_HPNo_TestName_TNo.CSV

For example:
Wind Farm X_South section_HP2_VSR_2_B.CSV
refers to a test carried out at Wind Farm X, South section, Hold Point 2, Voltage Step Response (VSR) test, test
number 2.
Note that for generating unit testing, “Section name” is replaced with “Unit number”.

2.10 GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan

requirements
The Generator is expected to submit a GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan for approval
from AEMO and the NSP before test commencement. Section 3 presents a list of typical tests and associated test
procedures for inverter-based generation technologies. The commissioning test plan should be updated during
commissioning and resubmitted to AEMO and the NSP if material changes are required.
The following information is generally included in a GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test
Plan:
 Introduction, test objective and scope of the test plan.
 Pre-requisites to commence.
 Key plant information (refer Section 2.3 and sample format in Appendix A1.2).
 Main contacts (refer Section 2.2 and sample format in Appendix A1.1).

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 Communication protocol (refer Section 2.4).
 HP details (refer Section 2.7 and sample format in Appendix A1.3).
 Overview of GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Tests.
 Measuring equipment details and location (refer Section 2.8).
 Test data file names format (refer Section 2.9).
 HP test details (see Section 3).
– Pre-requisites for HP tests commencement.
– Risk assessment for each test (see sample format in Appendix A1.7).
– Purpose, pre-test conditions, methodology and procedure, signals to be measured and plotted, measurement
data file name and format, and acceptance criteria.
– Simulation software for overlays agreed for each test (PSS®ETM or PSCADTM/EMTDCTM).
 Single line diagram.
 Reactive power capability curve.
 Measurement point layout (see Appendix A1.10).

2.11 Hold point test report requirements

The purpose of HP reports is to demonstrate that the tested plant can meet its GPS and that the plant model is
reasonably representative of its performance. Therefore, the results should be presented so that compliance can be
assessed.
As a guide, the following information is generally included in a HP test report:
 Background.
 Summary of HP tests.
 Applicable controller firmware and simulation models (PSS®ETM and PSCADTM/EMTDC™) version summary.
 Test results:
– Details of the test record, which includes test conditions (temperature, wind speed, irradiance, active power
levels, reactive power levels, initial and applied reference values, number of generating units in service and
transformer tap positions etc.) as required under pre-test conditions. Refer to Appendix A1.8, Table 12 for a
template.
– File name summary, which includes test, time stamp and file name. Refer to Appendix A1.8, Table 12, for a
template.
– Screenshots of the human machine interface (HMI), as required under pre-test conditions.
– Plot all signals agreed in the signals to measured and plotted section under each test.
– Overlays of measured and simulated results including ±10% accuracy bands for simulated response under the
acceptance criteria.
– Summary of test results to confirm compliance for each test.
– Conclusion section clearly analysing the test compliance with the agreed acceptance criteria.
 Summary of HP test results showing compliance with the relevant GPS. Refer to Appendix A1.9 for a template.
 Any plotted result should be on an appropriate scale and include any relevant analysis to allow AEMO and the
NSP to confirm compliance with the relevant GPS.
 If relevant, the setpoint value that is being modified should be included in the results and on any plots.
 Information needed to replicate the simulated results, including the case type used (NEM or SMIB). If relevant,
the value used for the grid impedance and the method of deriving the grid impedance should be included.
 Information on any model parameters updated or modified during simulations to allow replication of the response
(e.g. frequency control mode enabled in the model).

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 HP test measured date files consistent with format, resolution and naming convention as detailed under Sections
2.8 and 2.9.
 Applicable setting summary table comparing physical settings downloaded from actual controllers on site with
the R1 PSS®ETM and PSCADTM/EMTDC™ model settings as an appendix.

3. Typical tests for inverter-

based generation
technologies
Typical tests for inverter-based generation technologies, and the information sought from Generators for each test, is
detailed below. Some aspects of the generating system GPS and R2 models cannot be fully demonstrated/validated
through staged tests. In these circumstances, the Generator must specify an alternative assessment methodology.

3.1 Hold Point 0 Tests

3.1.1 Synchronous dynamic reactive and/or system strength support device (SDRD) control
test – HP0_SDR test (if applicable)
The operation of synchronous dynamic reactive and/or system strength support devices, commonly referred to as
synchronous condensors, is identical to that of synchronous generating systems with an excitation control system.
Tests conducted on a synchronous condensor are, therefore, similar to those for a synchronous generating system,
except that a synchronous condensor is tested as part of the generating system and does not have any direct GPS
compliance requirements.
Further information on tests required for synchronous generating systems and other synchronous machines can be
found in the GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template for Conventional
Synchronous Machines.

3.1.2 Asynchronous dynamic/static reactive support device (DRD) control system test – HP0
DRD test (if applicable)

Purpose
 To assess the response of voltage control system and step response characteristics of voltage and reactive power.
 To validate the asynchronous dynamic/static reactive support device control system model parameters including:
– Reactive power capability.
– Switching logic.
– Control model parameters such as control gains, time constants and limits.
 To validate transformer, tap changer control logic.
[Note: The asynchronous dynamic reactive support device control system model parameters listed above are
provided for illustrative purposes. The Generator must specify all model parameters being validated].

Pre-test conditions
 All generating units are offline.
 Generating systems’ connection point is energised.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 15
 All other reactive support devices are offline.
 Pre-test simulation studies report is submitted by the Generator to AEMO and the NSP to verify the extent of
changes in network voltage and reactive power.
 Control system of asynchronous dynamic support device is in service and configured to default control mode.
 The generating system transformers are in manual control (fixed tap).
 Risk assessment complete.
 Communicate and confirm test with the AEMO and NSP control rooms.

Reactive power capability test (HP0 NDR Test A)

Methodology and procedure

 Pre-test conditions are confirmed.
 Confirm the measurement systems are ready.
 Configure the control system to reactive power control and set Qref to 0 MVAr.
 Increase Qref to positive limit in steps (step size can be determined from pre-test simulation studies and need to
be agreed with the NSP and AEMO. Typical sizes are 2 to 5 MVAr).
 Return Qref to 0 MVAr in steps (2 to 5 MVAr step).
 Decrease Qref to negative limit in steps (2 to 5 MVAr step).
 Return Qref to 0 MVAr in steps (2 to 5 MVAr step).
 Allow the device to run continuously for 10-15 minutes at each operating point above with at least 60 seconds
recording time after the response has settled at its steady-state value.
 View test data file to ensure it has been successfully saved.
 Reconfigure the control system to default control mode.

Signals to be measured and plotted

Table 1 shows the typical signals to be measured for the HP1_NDR Test A, and highlights those that need to be
plotted and compared against the respective simulated response.

Table 1 Typical signals to be measured for asynchronous dynamic reactive support device control system tests

Signals to be measured Signals for model Sampling rate Record time window
overlay

Voltage at connection point Minimum 2 kHz Minimum 10 minutes for

sampling rate test A and 60 seconds for
Active power at connection point test B after reaching
steady-state conditions
Reactive power connection point

Voltage at T1HV

Active power at T1HV

Reactive power at T1HV

Voltage at T2HV

Active power at T2HV

Reactive power at T2HV

Voltage at T1MV

Active power at T1MV

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 16
 Signals to be measured Signals for model Sampling rate Record time window
overlay

Reactive power at T1MV

Voltage at T2MV

Active power at T2MV

Reactive power at T2MV

Voltage at reactive plant feeder 

Active power at reactive plant feeder

Reactive power at reactive plant feeder 

DRD terminal voltage 

DRD reactive power output 

NDRD control signals from control system

Status of reactive support devices before and

after the test

Vref of the DRD control system 

Qref of the DRD control system 

PFref of the DRD control system

Any other applicable command signals

Include signals that are plotted and compared against the respective simulated response in the GPS Compliance
Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan.

Measurement data file name and format

PlantName_UnitNo_HP0_NDR_T01.CSV.

Acceptance criteria
 Reactive power output follows the reference set point correctly.
 Reactive power response able to return to stable operation after each step.
 Reactive power limits demonstrated in the tests are consistent with those in the submitted Power System Design
Data Sheets and Power System Setting Data Sheets.
 The device can generate maximum reactive power (capacitive and inductive) continuously.
 Measurement data is successfully downloaded and confirmed.

Voltage control test (HP0 NDR Test B)

Methodology and procedure

 Pre-test conditions are confirmed.
 Confirm the measurement systems are ready.
 Configure the control system to voltage control and set Vref to measured target voltage.
 Increase Vref to Vref_max in steps (0.1 per unit (pu) step).
 Return Vref to pre-test level in steps (0.1 pu step).
 Decrease Vref to Vref_min in steps (0.1 pu step).
 Return Vref to pre-test level steps (0.1 pu step).

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 17
 Apply a +5% step to Vref.
 Apply a -5% step to Vref.
 Allow at least 10 seconds pre-triggered recording and at least 60 seconds recording time after the response has
settled at its steady-state value before the next test (step) commences.
 View test data file to ensure it has been successfully saved.
 Reconfigure the control system to default control mode.

Signals to be measured and plotted

Table 1 shows typical signals that need to be measured for the HP0_NDR Test B, and highlights those that need to be
plotted and compared against the respective simulated response. Refer to Figure 7 for location of measured signals.

Measurement data file name and format

PlantName_UnitNo_HP0_NDR_T02.CSV.

Acceptance criteria
 Model overlays of the reactive power responses for the voltage step test are submitted as part of HP reports.
 To assess compliance with the Power System Model Guidelines, ±10% accuracy band is superimposed on the
graphs, including overlays of measured and simulated responses.
 Reactive power response able to return to stable operation after each step.
 Voltage, active power and reactive power settling time for a 5% step response complies with GPS S5.2.5.13, i.e. a
settling time of five seconds or less for the voltage step response.
 Reactive power rise time for a 5% step response complies with GPS S5.2.5.13, i.e. a rise time of two seconds or
less for the voltage step response.
 Measurement data is successfully downloaded and confirmed.

Switching logic test (HP0 NDR Test C)

Methodology and procedure

 Pre-test conditions are confirmed.
 Confirm the measurement systems are ready.
 Reactive power support devices are isolated from the control system.
 The generating system is in default control mode.
 Qref, Pref signals are injected to reactive support control system in steps until reactive power support device
switching is triggered.
 Repeat the test for each reactive power support device switching threshold.

Signals to be measured and plotted

Table 1 shows the typical signals to be measured for the HP0_NDR Test C, and highlights those that need to be
compared against the respective simulated response.

Measurement data file name and format

PlantName_UnitNo_HP0_NDR_T03.CSV.

Acceptance criteria
 Confirm capacitors switching logic threshold, hysteresis, deadband, and delay consistent with voltage control
strategy document.
 Measurement signal data is successfully downloaded and confirmed.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 18
Transformer tap changer logic test (HP0 NDR Test D)

Methodology and procedure

 Pre-test conditions are confirmed.
 The generating system is in default control mode.
 Vref, Qref signals are injected to signals to transformer automatic voltage regulation control system in steps until
transformer tap changer is triggered.
 Repeat the test for each tap changer threshold.

Signals to be measured and plotted

Table 1 shows the typical signals to be measured for the HP1_NDR Test D, and highlights those that need to be
plotted and compared against the respective simulated response.

Measurement data file name and format

PlantName_UnitNo_HP0_NDR_T04.CSV.

Acceptance criteria
 Confirm tap changer logic threshold, hysteresis, deadband, and delay consistent with voltage control strategy
document.
 Measurement signal data is successfully downloaded and confirmed.

3.1.3 Background power quality measurements (HP0_WFPQT/HP0_SFPQT)

Purpose
 To determine background power quality signature at the connection point before connection of the generating
system.

Pre-test conditions
 Confirm measurement systems are ready.
 Generating system’s connection point is energised.
 All generating units and balance of plant components are disconnected.

Signals to be measured
The typical signals to be measured for the HP0_ WFPQT/HP01_SFPQT test are as follows:
 Phase to neutral voltages of each phase.
 Fundamental frequency.
 Harmonics voltages up to the 50th (including THD).
 Flicker levels (including pst and plt levels).
 Voltage unbalance levels (positive sequence voltage, negative sequence voltage and negative sequence unbalance
voltage).

Methodology and procedure

 Background measurement (HP0_WFPQT/HP0_SFPQT).
 It is generally expected that the background power quality data is available from the NSP. If not, a background
power quality test (HP0_WFPQT) at the connection point should be performed by the Generator before
commissioning begins. Steady-state continuous measurements must be conducted at the connection point for at
least one week using the method described in AS/NZS 61000.4.7:2012 and AS/NZS 61000.4.15:2012.

Acceptance criteria
Measurement data is successfully downloaded and confirmed.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 19
3.1.4 Generating unit signal injection tests (HP0_WFSI/HP0_SFSI)

Purpose
 To confirm voltage and frequency protection settings of the generating units consistent with GPS S5.2.5.8.
 To validate voltage and frequency protection settings implemented in dynamic models of generating units.

Pre-test conditions
 Confirm measurement systems are ready.
 Confirm all generating unit protection settings consistent with GPS.
 All generating unit protection settings uploaded and in service.

Methodology and procedure

 Signal is injected to the generating units connected with measurement equipment to verify generating unit
protection settings, primarily the over- and under-voltage and frequency protection settings.

Acceptance criteria
 Measurement data is successfully downloaded and confirmed.
 Confirm generating units trip and delay consistent with the applied settings and GPS.

3.1.5 End to end communication delay test (HP0_WFCD/HP0_SFCD)

Purpose
 To validate communication delays implemented in dynamic simulation models of generating units.
 To confirm functions of communication equipment and feedback signals.

Pre-test conditions
 Confirm measurement systems are ready.
 All generating unit protection settings uploaded and in service.

Methodology and procedure

Signals are issued from central park controller to the generating units and reactive support devices. Measure the
communication signals delay with synchronised measurement equipment.

Acceptance criteria
 Measurement data is successfully downloaded and confirmed.
 Confirm measured communication delays consistent with the dynamic simulation models time delays.

3.2 Hold Point 1 Tests

3.2.1 Power quality test (HP1_WFPQT/HP11SFPQT)

Purpose
To partially assess compliance with GPS S5.5.5.2 and GPS S5.2.5.6.

Pre-test conditions
 Confirm measurement systems are ready.
 Generating system’s connection point is energised.
 Generating units and balance of plant components as agreed in the commissioning plan are connected.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 20
Signals to be measured and plotted
Table 2 shows the typical signals to be measured for the HP1_WFPQT/HP1_SFPQT.

Methodology and procedure

Continuous measurement must be captured at the connection point (measurement window must be agreed with the
NSP and AEMO) as described in AS/NZS 61000.4.7:2012 and AS/NZS 61000.4.15:2012. This is to ensure that the
final power quality assessment based on IEC TR 61000.3.6:2012 and IEC TR 61000.3.7:2012 meets the agreed GPS
limits.
Measurements include high (80% of HP1 MW level) and low generation conditions where practically possible. The
final compliance assessment will be conducted by comparing results obtained from the background measurements
before and after connection of the generating system. Measurements used in the final report should include one
week of continuous measurements for each pre- and post-connection.

Acceptance criteria
 Measurement data is successfully downloaded and confirmed.
 Assessment is conducted by comparing results obtained from the background measurements
(HP1_WFPQT/HP1_SFPQT) and during the HP 2 testing period.
 The quality of the electricity generated (harmonics, flicker and voltage unbalance) is within the agreed limits
under GPS S5.2.5.2.

3.2.2 Generating unit and park dispatch control test

Purpose
 To validate reactive power capability, active power dispatch and reactive power dispatch of the generating units.
 To validate generating unit model parameters related to active power and reactive power limits.

Generating unit reactive power capability test (HP1 WTG Test A/ HP1 SI Test A)

Pre-test conditions
 Confirm measurement systems are ready.
 Monitor and record the ambient temperature before, during and after the test.
 Generating units under test are operated with the park dispatch control enabled.
 The park dispatch controller is in active power and reactive power control mode.
 All reactive support and energy storage devices are offline.
 The generating system transformers are in manual control (fixed tap).

Methodology and procedure

 Generating units are operated at a wide range of operating conditions including output active power of at least
80% of maximum output for the given HP, and boundaries of reactive power generation and absorption. Figure
2 shows a typical reactive power capability of an inverter-based generating unit with minimum operating points
required to be captured during the test.
 Measurement is required for at least two generating units for each different type of generating unit installed.
 View test data file to ensure it has been successfully saved.

Signals to be measured and plotted

 Generating unit terminal voltage.
 Generating unit terminal active power.
 Generating unit terminal reactive power.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 21
Measurement data file name and format
PlantName_UnitNo_HP1_WTG_RCT.CSV.

Acceptance criteria
 Measurement data covers the entire operating range.
 The generating units can continuously operate at reactive power boundaries.
 Measurement data is successfully downloaded and confirmed.

Figure 2 Typical reactive power capability of a solar inverter generating unit

Generating unit active power dispatch test (HP1_WTG Test B / HP1_SI Test B)

Pre-test conditions
 Generating units are operated with the park dispatch control enabled.
 Central park controller is configured to local control and is in active power and reactive power control mode.
 All reactive support devices are offline.
 The generating system transformers are in manual control (fixed tap).
 The generating units are operating at above 80% of rated active power output.

Methodology and procedure

 Pre-test conditions are confirmed.
 Confirm measurement systems are ready.
 Apply a -20% step to the active power dispatch set point (Pdsp).
 Allow at least 10 seconds pre-triggered recording and at least 60 seconds recording time after the response has
settled at its steady-state value before the next test (step) commences.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 22
 Return Pdsp to the pre-test value.
 Wait until the response settles.
 Confirm the generating units are still generating over 80% of rated output.
 Repeat the test with a -50% step.
 View test data file to ensure it has been successfully saved.

Signals to be measured and plotted

Table 2 summarises typical signals to be measured for the generating unit active power dispatch test, and highlights
those that need to be plotted and compared against the respective simulated response.

Measurement data file name and format

PlantName_UnitNo_HP1_WTG_APT.CSV.

Acceptance criteria
 The active power response follows the reference correctly.
 Generating unit active power rate of change (ramp rate) consistent with the configured ramp rate in
the controller.
 The generating unit is able to return to stable operation after each step.
 Model overlays for the active power dispatch test are submitted as part of HP reports.
 To assess compliance with the Power System Model Guidelines, ±10% accuracy bands need to be superimposed
on the graphs, which include overlays of measured and simulated responses.
 Measurement data is successfully downloaded and confirmed.

Generating unit reactive power dispatch test (HP1 WTG Test C / HP1 SI Test C)

Pre-test conditions
 Confirm measurement systems are ready.
 Generating units under test are operated with the park dispatch control enabled.
 Central park controller is configured to local control and is in active power and reactive power control mode.
 All reactive support devices are offline.
 Generating system transformers are in manual control (fixed tap).
 Generating units are operating at above 80% of rated active power output.

Methodology and procedure

 Pre-test conditions are confirmed.
 The reactive dispatch (Qdsp) is set to 0 MVAr, i.e. the generating unit generates 0 MVAr at its terminals.
 Apply a small positive reactive power step to the reactive power dispatch set point Qdsp (typically 25%).
 Wait until the response settles.
 Allow at least 10 seconds pre-triggered recording and at least 60 seconds recording time after the response has
settled at its steady-state value before the next test (step) commences.
 Return the Qdsp to 0 MVAr.
 Wait until the response settles.
 Allow at least 10 seconds pre-triggered recording and at least 60 seconds recording time after the response has
settled at its steady-state value before the next test (step) commences.
 Confirm the generating units are still above 80% of rated output.
 Repeat the test with a -25% step, ±50% steps and ±75% steps.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 23
 View test data file to ensure it has been successfully saved.

Signals to be measured and plotted

Table 2 summarises typical signals to be measured for the generating unit reactive power dispatch test and highlights
those signals that need to be compared against the respective simulated response.

Measurement data file name and format

PlantName_UnitNo_HP1_WTG_RPT.CSV.

Acceptance criteria
 The reactive power response follows the reference correctly.
 The generating unit is able to return to stable operation after each step.
 Model overlays for the reactive power dispatch test are submitted as part of HP reports.
 To assess compliance with the Power System Model Guidelines, ±10% accuracy bands need to be superimposed
on the graphs, which include overlays of measured and simulated responses.
 Measurement data is successfully downloaded and confirmed.

Table 2 Typical signals to be measured for generating unit and park dispatch control tests

Signals to be measured Signals for model Sampling rate Record time window
overlay

Voltage at connection point  Min. sampling Allow at least 10

rate of 100 Hz seconds pre-triggered
Active power at connection point  for steady state recording and at least
tests and 2 kHz 60 seconds recording
Reactive power at connection point  for dynamic time after the
tests response has settled at
Voltage at T1HV its steady-state value

Active power at T1HV

Reactive power at T1HV

Voltage at T2HV

Active power at T2HV

Reactive power at T2HV

Voltage at the central park level controller (if at a different

location to above locations)

Active power at the central park level controller (if at a

different location to above locations)

Reactive power at the central park level controller (if at a

different location to above locations)

Voltage at T1MV 

Active power at T1MV 

Reactive power at T1MV 

Voltage at T2MV 

Active power at T2MV 

Reactive power at T2MV 

Terminal voltage of all generating units with high-speed 

data recorders

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 24
 Signals to be measured Signals for model Sampling rate Record time window
overlay

Active power of all generating units with high-speed data 

recorders

Reactive power of all generating units with high-speed data 

recorders

Active current of all generating units with high-speed data 

recorders

Reactive current of all generating units with high-speed 

data recorders

Wind speed variations

Solar irradiance variations

Status of reactive support plant before and after test

Status of all generating units (online, trip, pause) before and

after the test

Voltage reference 

Active power dispatch reference 

Reactive power dispatch reference 

Power factor set point reference 

Frequency control set point reference 

Any other applicable command signal

3.2.3 Generating system reactive power capability test (HP1_WFRCT/HP1_SFRCT)

Purpose
 To assess compliance with GPS S5.2.5.1 with respect to reactive power capability of the generating system.
 To assess compliance with GPS S5.2.6.1 and clause 4.11.1 of the NER with respect to confirmation of:
– SCADA feedback signals.
– Communication equipment.

Pre-test conditions
 Confirm measurement systems are ready.
 Communicate and confirm test with NSP and AEMO control rooms.
 Risk assessment complete and risk mitigation controls applied.
 Monitor and record the ambient temperature before, during and after the test.
 Obtain a screenshot of the plant’s HMI demonstrating operational state of the plant before and after testing.
 The total output of the generating units is above 80% of HP1 MW level.
 The generating units are in park dispatch control.
 The generating system is in default control mode, e.g. voltage control mode.
 The dynamic and static reactive support plant are in service (if applicable).
 The generating system transformers are under auto control.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 25
Methodology and procedure
The generating system is operated at a wide range of operating conditions including reactive power generation and
absorption boundaries. Figure 3 shows a typical reactive power capability of inverter-based generating system with
minimum operating points that are required to be captured during an HP1 test.
 Pre-test simulation studies report is submitted by the Generator to verify the extent of changes in network voltage
and reactive power at the connection point that would not adversely impact the area to which the generating
system is connected.
 Configure the generating system control to local control mode.
 Configure the generating system control mode to reactive power control.
 Load the generating system to the operating condition specified in Figure 3.
 Wait until the response settles.
 Allow the generating units to run for 10-15 minutes at each operating point.
 While the generating system is continuously running, view test data file to ensure it has been successfully saved
before moving to the next operating condition.

Signals to be measured and plotted

Table 2 summarises typical signals to be measured for the test and highlights those signals that need to be compared
against the respective simulated response.

Measurement data file name and format

PlantName_SectionNo_HP1_WFRCT.CSV.

Acceptance criteria
 The generating system can continuously run for 10-15 minutes under each reactive boundary operating condition.
 Voltage, active power and reactive power at the generating system’s connection point and generating units’
terminals are stable.
 Measurement data is successfully downloaded and confirmed.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 26
 Figure 3 Typical inverter-based generating system reactive power capability and measurement conditions for
HP1

3.2.4 Static reactive support device manual switching test3 (HP1_WFCAP/HP1_SFCAP)

Purpose
 To assess compliance with GPS S5.2.5.13 with respect to voltage and reactive power control of the generating
system.
 To assess compliance with GPS S5.2.5.4 with respect to continuous uninterrupted operation.
 To assess response of coordinated voltage control strategy of the generating system and validate associated
simulation models, i.e. between the dynamic reactive support devices and generating units (if applicable).
 To validate the dynamic reactive support control system model and parameters (if applicable).
 To validate the park dispatch control model and parameters.
 To assess compliance with GPS S5.2.6.1 and clause 4.11.1 with respect to confirmation of:
– SCADA feedback signals.
– Communication equipment.

Pre-test conditions
 Communicate and confirm test with the NSP and AEMO control rooms.
 Risk assessment complete and risk mitigation controls applied.
 Obtain a screen shot of the plant’s HMI demonstrating operational state of the plant before and after testing.
 Maximum generating system output is at the agreed HP1 MW level.
 Total output of the generating units is above 80%4 of HP1 MW level.

3
Alternatively, this test may be conducted at other HPs.
4
Specific minimum generation level at each HP must be agreed with AEMO and the NSP.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 27
 Generating units are under park dispatch control.
 The generating system is in default control mode, e.g. voltage control mode:
– The dynamic reactive support control system is in service.
– The static reactive support devices are in service but in local manual control.
 The generating system transformer is under auto control.

Methodology and procedure

 Pre-test simulation studies report are submitted by the Generator to verify the extent of changes in network
voltage and reactive power at the connection point that would not adversely impact the area to which the
generating system is connected.
 Confirm measurement systems are ready.
 Configure the generating system control to local control mode.
 Switch-in a static reactive support device, such as a capacitor bank.
 Wait until the response settles.
 Switch-in another static reactive support device (if available).
 Wait until the response settles.
 Switch-off the static reactive support device that switched in first.
 Wait until the response settles.
 Switch-off another static reactive support device (if available).
 Wait until the response settles.
 Allow at least 10 seconds pre-triggered recording and at least 60 seconds recording time after the response has
settled at its steady-state value before the next test (step) commences.
 View test data file to ensure it has been successfully saved.

Signals to be measured and plotted

Table 2 summarises typical signals that need to be measured for the test, and highlights those that need to be
compared against the respective simulated response.

Measurement data file name and format

PlantName_SectionNo_HP1_WFCAP.CSV.

Acceptance criteria
 Model overlays for the static reactive support device manual switching test are submitted as part of HP reports.
 To assess compliance with the Power System Model Guidelines, ±10% accuracy bands need to be superimposed
on the graphs which include overlays of measured and simulated responses.
 Generating system is able to return to stable operation after each switching action.
 The settling time of voltage response for the switching action complies with the requirements of GPS S5.2.5.13,
e.g. 5 seconds settling required for a 5% voltage disturbance.
 The settling time of reactive power response for the switching action complies with the requirements of GPS
S5.2.5.13, e.g. 5 seconds settling required for a 5% voltage disturbance.
 The active power and reactive power response for the switching action complies with the requirements of GPS
S5.2.5.4. e.g. generating system and each of its generating units capable of continuous uninterrupted operation
for a power system disturbance causes voltage at the connection point to vary.
 Measurement data is successfully downloaded and confirmed.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 28
3.2.5 Generating system active power control test

Purpose
 To assess compliance with GPS S5.2.5.14 with respect to active power control of the generating system. (e.g.
ability to receive instruction electronically, change active power linearly at a constant rate and limit the active
power level or below the dispatch target).
 To confirm the active power dispatch command from the AEMO control room and the generating system local
control.
 To validate ramp up and down rates (ramp rate algorithm) to a dispatch command from the AEMO control room
(e.g. linear ramping at the end of the dispatch interval as required under Dispatch Procedure SO_OP_3705).
 To validate effective ramp rates with the bid ramp rates.
 To confirm the dispatch instruction delivery and processing time delay of the dispatch instruction.
 To validate the ramp rate algorithm accuracy.
 To validate active power control loop model and parameters of the generating units.
 To validate the park dispatch control model and parameters.
 To assess compliance with GPS S5.2.6.1 and clause 4.11.1 with respect to confirmation of:
– SCADA feedback signals.
– Communication equipment.

Generating system active power control (local control) test (HP1_WFAPC_LOC/HP1_SFAPC_LOC)

Pre-test conditions
 Communicate and confirm test with NSP and AEMO control rooms.
 Obtain a screenshot of the plant’s HMI demonstrating operational state of the plant before and after testing.
 Confirm implemented ramp rates in the controller.
 Maximum generating system output is at the agreed HP1 MW level.
 Total output of the generating units is above 80%5 of HP1 MW level.
 Generating units are under park dispatch control.
 The generating system is in default control mode, e.g. voltage control mode.
– The dynamic reactive support control system is in service.
– The static reactive support devices are in service and in auto control (if applicable).
 The generating system transformer is under auto control.

Methodology and procedure6

 Confirm measurement systems are ready.
 This test is generally conducted in two stages and carried out in HP1/HP2 and HP3, respectively.
 The first stage of the test involves active power control test initiated through local generating system park
controller (HP1_WFAPT_LOC/HP1_SFAPT_LOC), and conducted as follows:
– Configure the generating system control to local control mode.
– Apply a -20% step (20% of HP1 output level) to the active power reference of the park dispatch controller.
– Wait until the response settles.
– Allow at least 10 seconds pre-triggered recording and at least 60 seconds recording time after the response has
settled at its steady-state value before the next test (step) commences.

5
Specific minimum generation level at each hold point must be agreed with AEMO and NSP.
6
For generating systems with fast and slow ramp options, testing should be conducted with both ramp rates.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 29
 – Return the Pdsp to pre-test level.
– Wait until the response settles.
– Allow at least 10 seconds pre-triggered recording and at least 60 seconds recording time after the response has
settled at its steady-state value before the next test (step) commences.
– Confirm the generating system output is above 80% of HP1 MW level.
– Repeat the test with -50% and -90% steps.
– View test data file to ensure it has been successfully saved.
 The second stage of the test will be described in Section 3.4.4.

Signals to be measured and plotted

Table 2 summarises typical signals that that need to be measured for the test, and highlights those that need to be
compared against the respective simulated response.

Measurement data file name and format

PlantName_SectionNo_HP1_WFAPT_LOC.CSV.

Acceptance criteria
 Model overlays of the generating system active power dispatch test are submitted as part of HP reports.
 To assess compliance with the Power System Model Guidelines, ±10% accuracy bands need to be superimposed
on the graphs, which include overlays of measured and simulated responses.
 The generating system is able to return to stable operation after each step.
 The response time of active power dispatch complies with the requirements of GPS S5.2.5.14, e.g. active power
output ramps linearly from one level of dispatch to another.
 Ramp up and down rate within the maximum ramp rate.
 Measurement data is successfully downloaded and confirmed.

Generating system active power control (dispatch) test (HP1_WFAPC_DIS/HP1_SFAPC_DIS)

This is the second stage of the active power control test and conducted after successful completion of generating
system level testing. This test is initiated by an active power dispatch signal from the AEMO control room.
The Generator submits 30-minute bids to achieve the required active power dispatch levels. The dispatch signal
from AEMO control room and subsequent generating system response must be monitored to confirm end-to-end
communication of active power dispatch command from the AEMO control room through to each generating unit.
Typically, a minimum of two 30-minute bids are required: one for run-back dispatch and another for run-up
dispatch.

Pre-test conditions
 Communicate and confirm test with the NSP and AEMO control rooms.
 Obtain a screenshot of the plant’s HMI demonstrating operational state of the plant before and after testing.
 Maximum generating system output is at the agreed HP1 MW level.
 Total output of the generating units is above 80%7 of HP1 MW level.
 Generating units are under park dispatch control.
 The generating system is in default control mode, e.g. voltage control mode.
– The dynamic reactive support control system is in service.
– The static reactive support devices are in service and in auto control (if applicable).
 The generating system transformer is under auto control.
 AGC tests complete during SCADA tests.
7
Specific minimum generation level at each hold point must be agreed with AEMO and NSP.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 30
Methodology and procedure8
 Confirm measurement systems are ready.
 This test is initiated by an active power dispatch signal from the AEMO control room and conducted as follows:
– Configure the generating system control to remote control mode.
– The Generator submits 30-minute bids to achieve ramp down to 50%, ramp down to 10%, ramp up to 40%
and ramp up to 80% of HP1 output level.
 The dispatch signal from the AEMO control room and subsequent generating system response will be monitored
to confirm end-to-end communication of active power dispatch command from the AEMO control room through
to each generating unit.
 Record dispatch instruction delivery and processing time delay.
 View test data file to ensure it has been successfully saved.

Signals to be measured and plotted

Table 2 summarises typical signals that that need to be measured for the test, and highlights those that need to be
compared against the respective simulated response.

Measurement data file name and format

PlantName_SectionNo_HP1_WFAPT_DIS.CSV.

Acceptance criteria
 Model overlays of the generating system active power dispatch test are submitted as part of HP reports.
 To assess compliance with the Power System Model Guidelines, ±10% accuracy bands need to be superimposed
on the graphs, which include overlays of measured and simulated responses.
 The generating system is able to return to stable operation after each step.
 The response time of active power dispatch complies with the requirements of GPS S5.2.5.14, e.g. active power
output ramps linearly at a constant rate from one level of dispatch to another at the end of dispatch interval.
 The generating system ramp rate algorithm is consistent with the Dispatch Procedure SO_OP_3705 requirements,
e.g. the semi-scheduled generating system is expected to ramp linearly from its initial active power output to its
semi-dispatch cap applying at the end of the dispatch interval, subject to energy availability.
 Effective ramp up and down rates consistent with the ramp rate algorithm.
 Dispatch instruction delivery delay time and processing time within reasonable limits (typically delivery time
delay up to 10 seconds and processing time up to 30 seconds).
 Measurement data is successfully downloaded and confirmed.

3.2.6 Generating system reactive power reference test (HP1_WFRPT/HP1_SFRPT)

Purpose
 To assess compliance with GPS S5.2.5.13 with respect to voltage and reactive power control of the generating
system.
 To validate reactive power control loop model and parameters of the generating units.
 To validate the park dispatch control model and parameters.
 To assess compliance with GPS S5.2.6.1 and clause 4.11.1 with respect to confirmation of:
– SCADA feedback signals.
– Communication equipment.

Pre-test conditions
 Communicate and confirm test with the NSP and AEMO control rooms.

8
For generating systems with fast and slow ramp options, the test should be conducted with both ramp rates.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 31
 Risk assessment complete and risk mitigation controls applied.
 Obtain a screenshot of the plant’s HMI demonstrating the plant’s operational state before and after testing.
 Maximum generating system output is the agreed HP1 MW level.
 Total output of the generating units is above 80%9 of HP1 MW level.
 Generating units are under park dispatch control in active power and reactive power control mode.
 All reactive support plants are offline.
 The generating system transformer is under auto control.

Methodology and procedure

 Confirm measurement systems are ready.
 Pre-test simulation studies report is submitted by the Generator to verify that the extent of changes in network
voltage and reactive power at the connection point would not adversely impact the area to which the generating
system is connected.
 Pre-test conditions are confirmed.
 The reactive reference (Qref) is set to 0 MVAr, i.e. the generating unit generates 0 MVAr at its terminals.
 Apply a small positive reactive power step to the reactive power reference set-point Qref.
 Typically, 25% of possible reactive power available.
 Wait until the response settles.
 Allow at least 10 seconds pre-triggered recording and at least 60 seconds recording time after the response has
settled at its steady-state value before the next test (step) commences.
 Return the Qref to 0 MVAr.
 Wait until the response settles.
 Allow at least 10 seconds pre-triggered recording and at least 60 seconds recording time after the response has
settled at its steady-state value before the next test (step) commences.
 Confirm the generating units are still above 60% of rated output.
 Repeat the test with a -25% step, ±50% steps and ±75% steps.
 View test data file to ensure it has been successfully saved.

Signals to be measured and plotted

Table 2 summarises typical signals to be measured for the test.

Measurement data file name and format

PlantName_SectionNo_HP1_WFRPT.CSV.

Acceptance criteria
 The reactive power response follows the reactive power reference correctly.
 The reactive power control system can regulate the reactive power at the connection point and agreed location
within 2% of the rating (in MVA) of the generating system (expressed in MVAr).
 Model overlays of generating system reactive power dispatch test are submitted as part of HP reports.
 To assess compliance with the Power System Model Guidelines, ±10% accuracy bands need to be superimposed
on the graphs, which include overlays of measured and simulated responses.
 Measurement data is successfully downloaded and confirmed.

9
Specific minimum generation level at each hold point must be agreed with AEMO and NSP.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 32
3.2.7 Generating system voltage reference step test (HP1_WFVCT/HP1_SFVCT)

Purpose
 To assess compliance with GPS S5.2.5.13 with respect to voltage control capability.
 To assess response of coordinated voltage control strategy of the generating system and validate associated
simulation models (if applicable).
 To validate static and dynamic reactive support control system model and parameters (if applicable).
 To validate the park dispatch voltage control model and parameters.
 To assess compliance with GPS S5.2.6.1 and clause 4.11.1 with respect to confirmation of:
– SCADA feedback signals.
– Communication equipment.

Pre-test conditions
 Communicate and confirm test with the NSP and AEMO control rooms.
 Risk assessment complete and risk mitigation controls applied.
 Obtain a screenshot of the plant’s HMI demonstrating the plant’s operational state before and after testing.
 Maximum generating system output is at the agreed HP1 MW level.
 Total output of the generating units is above 80%10 of HP1 MW level.
 Generating units are under park dispatch control.
 The generating system is in voltage control mode.
 The generating system transformer is under auto control.

Methodology and procedure

 Confirm measurement systems are ready.
 Pre-test simulation studies report is submitted by the Generator to verify that the extent of changes in network
voltage and reactive power at the connection point would not adversely impact the area to which the generating
system is connected.
 Configure the generating system control to local control mode.
 Apply a ±3% step to Vref.
 Apply a ±3% step to Vref.
 Apply a ±5% step to Vref.
 Apply a ±5% step to Vref.
 Allow at least 10 seconds pre-triggered recording and at least 60 seconds recording time after the response has
settled at its steady-state value before the next test (step) commences.
 View test data file to ensure it has been successfully saved.

Signals to be measured and plotted

Table 2 summarises typical signals to be measured for the test.

Measurement data file name and format

PlantName_SectionNo_HP1_WFVCT.CSV.

Acceptance criteria
 Model overlays of the generating system voltage reference step test are submitted as part of HP reports. The
following responses need to be included:

10
Specific minimum generation level at each hold point must be agreed with AEMO and NSP.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 33
 – Connection point.
– Static and dynamic reactive support plant.
– Central park level controller.
– Coordinated voltage control scheme.
 To assess compliance with the Power System Model Guidelines, ±10% accuracy bands need to be superimposed
on the graphs, which include overlays of measured and simulated responses.
 The generating system is able to return to stable operation after each step.
 The settling time of active power, reactive power and voltage response for the switching action complies with the
requirements of GPS S5.2.5.13, e.g. five seconds settling time is required for a 5% voltage disturbance.
 The reactive power rise time for the switching action complies with the requirements of GPS S5.2.5.13, e.g. 2
seconds reactive power rise time is required for a 5% voltage disturbance.
 Measurement data is successfully downloaded and confirmed.

3.2.8 Generating system power factor reference step test (HP1_WFPFT/HP1_SFPFT) (if
applicable)

Purpose
 To assess compliance with GPS S5.2.5.13 with respect to power factor control capability.
 To assess response of coordinated power factor control strategy of the generating system and validate associated
simulation models (if applicable).
 To validate static and dynamic reactive support control system model and parameters (if applicable).
 To validate the park dispatch power factor control model and parameters.
 To assess compliance with GPS S5.2.6.1 and clause 4.11.1 of the NER with respect to confirmation of:
– SCADA feedback signals.
– Communication equipment.

Pre-test conditions
 Communicate and confirm test with the NSP and AEMO control rooms.
 Risk assessment complete and risk mitigation controls applied.
 Obtain a screenshot of the plant’s HMI demonstrating the plant’s operational state before and after testing.
 Maximum generating system output is at the agreed HP1 MW level.
 Total output of the generating units is above 80%11 of HP1 MW level.
 Generating units are under park dispatch control.
 The generating system is in power factor control mode and the power factor reference (PFref) is set to unity.
 The generating system transformer is under auto control.

Methodology and procedure

 Pre-test simulation studies report must be submitted by the Generator to verify the extent of changes in network
voltage and reactive power at the connection point that would not adversely impact the area to which the
generating system is connected.
 Confirm measurement systems are ready.
 Configure the generating system control to local control mode.
 Set PFref to 0.99 capacitive.
 Set PFref back to unity.

11
Specific minimum generation level at each hold point must be agreed with AEMO and NSP.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 34
 Set PFref to 0.99 inductive.
 Set PFref back to unity.
 Set PFref to 0.95 (or plant GPS limit) capacitive.
 Set PFref back to unity.
 Set PFref to 0.95 (or plant GPS limit) inductive.
 Set PFref back to unity.
 Allow at least 10 seconds pre-triggered recording and at least 60 seconds recording time after the response has
settled at its steady-state value before the next test (step) commences.
 View test data file to ensure it has been successfully saved.

Signals to be measured and plotted

Table 2 summarises typical signals to be measured for the test and highlights those signals that need to be compared
against the respective simulated response.

Measurement data file name and format

PlantName_SectionNo_HP1_WFPFT.CSV.

Acceptance criteria
 Model overlays of the generating system voltage reference step test are submitted as part of HP reports. The
following responses needs to be included:
– Connection point.
– Static and dynamic reactive support plant.
– Central park level controller.
– Coordinated voltage control scheme.
 The power factor at the connection point or agreed location follows the power factor reference correctly.
 The power factor control system can regulate the power factor at the connection point and agreed location within
2% of the rating (in MVA) of the generating system (expressed in MVAr).
 To assess compliance with the Power System Model Guidelines, ±10% accuracy bands need to be superimposed
on the graphs, which include overlays of measured and simulated responses.
 The generating system is able to return to stable operation after each step.
 Power factor setpoint can be continuously controllable across the reactive power capability range established
under GPS S5.2.5.1.
 Measurement data is successfully downloaded and confirmed.

3.2.9 Generating system transformer manual tap position change test

(HP1_WFTXT/HP1_SFTXT)

Purpose
 To assess compliance with GPS S5.2.5.4 and GPS S5.2.5.13.
 To assess response of the generating system and generating units to small voltage disturbances caused by
transformer tap changes.
 To validate dynamic model and parameters of the:
– Generating units.
– Transformer tap changer (if applicable).
– Central park level controller.
– Generating system control system.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 35
 – Coordinated voltage control scheme (if applicable).
 To assess compliance with GPS S5.2.6.1 and clause 4.11.1 of the NER with respect to confirmation of:
– SCADA feedback signals.
– Communication equipment.

Pre-test conditions
 Maximum generating system output is at the agreed HP1 MW level.
 Total output of the generating units is above 80%12 of HP1 MW level.
 Generating units are under park dispatch control.
 The generating system is in default control mode, e.g. voltage control mode.
 The generating system transformer is under manual control (fixed tap).

Methodology and procedure

 Pre-test simulation studies report must be submitted by the Generator to AEMO and the NSP to verify the extent
of changes in network voltage and reactive power at the connection point that would not adversely impact the
area to which the generating system is connected.
 Confirm measurement systems are ready.
 Configure the generating system control to local control mode.
 Pre-test conditions are confirmed.
 Vary generating system’s transformer tap position with the range identified from the pre-test simulation with one
tap position at each step.
 Monitor closely the voltage at the connection point, MV collection grid, and LV terminals of generating units and
reactive support devices to make sure that all voltages are within ±10% of nominal all the time.
 Allow at least 60 seconds recording time after the response settled at steady state before the next test (step)
commences.
 View test data file to ensure it has been successfully saved.

Signals to be measured and plotted

Table 2 summarises typical signals to be measured for the test and highlights those signals that need to be compared
against the respective simulated response.

Measurement data file name and format

PlantName_SectionNo_HP1_WFTXT.CSV.

Acceptance criteria
 Model overlays of the generating system transformer manual tap position change test are submitted as part of HP
reports. The following responses needs to be included:
– Connection point.
– Static and dynamic reactive support plant.
– Central park level controller.
– Coordinated voltage control scheme.
 To assess compliance with the Power System Model Guidelines, ±10% accuracy bands need to be superimposed
on the graphs, which include overlays of measured and simulated responses.
 The generating system is able to return to stable operation after each step.
 Measurement data is successfully downloaded and confirmed.

12
Specific minimum generation level at each HP must be agreed with AEMO and NSP.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 36
3.3 Hold Point 2 Test
3.3.1 Power quality test (HP2_WFPQT/HP2_SFPQT)
Refer to Section 3.2.1 as the same methodology used there is used for this test.

3.3.2 Generating system reactive power capability test (HP2_WFRCT/HP2_SFRCT)

Refer to Section 3.2.3 as the same methodology used there is used for this test. Minimum test points are
schematically shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4 Typical inverter-based generating system reactive power capability and measurement conditions for
HP2

3.3.3 Generating system active power control test (HP2_WFAPT_LOC/HP2_SFAPT_LOC

and HP2_WFAPT_DIS/HP2_SFAPT_DIS )
Refer to Section 3.2.5 as the same methodology used there is used for this test.

3.3.4 Generating system reactive power reference test (HP2_WFRPT/HP2_SFRPT)

Refer to Section 3.2.6 as the same methodology there is used for this test.

3.3.5 Generating system voltage reference step test (HP2_WFVCT/HP2_SFVCT)

Refer to Section 3.2.7 as the same methodology used there is used for this test.

3.3.6 Generating system power factor reference step test (HP2_WFPFT/HP2_SFPFT) (if
applicable)
Refer to Section 3.2.8 as the same methodology used there is used for this test.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 37
3.3.7 Generating system transformer manual tap position change test
(HP2_WFTXT/HP2_SFTXT)
Refer to Section 3.2.9 as the same methodology used there is used for this test.

3.3.8 Generating system communication fail test (HP2_WFCOMFAIL/HP2_SFCOMFAIL)

Purpose
 To verify that the response of the generating system to a communication failure does not pose any risk to the
power system security.
 To verify the communication failsafe mechanism of the generating system for communication failures between
central park controller and each generating unit and central park level controller and measurement equipment.
 To verify local limit calculation while generating units are offline (Test A).

Pre-test conditions
 Communication failsafe mechanism document agreed with the NSP and AEMO.
 Communicate and confirm test with the NSP and AEMO control rooms.
 Risk assessment complete and risk mitigation controls applied.
 Obtain a screenshot of the plant’s HMI demonstrating its operational state before and after testing.
 Record pre-test local limit (active power).
 Maximum generating system output is at the agreed HP2 MW level.
 Total output of the generating units is above 80%13 of HP2 MW level.
 Generating units are under park dispatch control.
 The generating system is in voltage control mode.
 The generating system transformer is under auto control.

Methodology and procedure

 Confirm measurement systems are ready.
 Allow at least 10 seconds pre-triggered recording and at least 60 seconds recording time after the response has
settled at its steady-state value before the next test (step) commences.
 View test data file to ensure it has been successfully saved before the next test (step) commences.
 Record responses for communication failure and communication restoration.
 Record local limit (active power) before the next test (step) commence.
 Test A – Initiate a communication failure to one generating unit.
 Restore communication link and generating unit back online from standby mode before Test B commences.
 Test B – Initiate a communication failure between central plant controller and generating units communication.
 Restore communication link and all generating units back online from standby mode before Test C commences.
 Test C - Initiate a communication failure between central plant controller and plant controller meters.
 Restore communication link and all generating units back online from standby mode.
 Tests D – If redundant central plant controller available, demonstrate primary plant controller communication
failure and redundant plant controller control take over.

Signals to be measured and plotted

Table 2 summarises typical signals to be measured for the test.

13
Specific minimum generation level at each hold point must be agreed with AEMO and NSP.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 38
Measurement data file name and format
PlantName_SectionNo_HP2_WFCOMFAIL_A.CSV.
PlantName_SectionNo_HP2_WFCOMFAIL_B.CSV.
PlantName_SectionNo_HP2_WFCOMFAIL_C.CSV.
PlantName_SectionNo_HP2_WFCOMFAIL_D.CSV.

Acceptance criteria
 The generating system and each generating unit are able to return to stable operation/standby after each step.
 The generating system and each generating unit’s operation consistent with the communication failsafe
mechanism document.
 Pre- and post-local limit (active power) calculation accuracy based on generating units in service confirmed.
 Measurement data is successfully downloaded and confirmed.

3.4 Hold Point 3 Test

The generating system is above 90% of maximum capacity for all HP3 tests.

3.4.1 Power quality test HP3_WFPQT/HP3_SFPQT

Refer to Section 3.2.1 as the same methodology used there is used for this test.

3.4.2 Generating system reactive power capability test (HP3_WFRCT/HP3_SFRCT)

Refer to Section 3.2.3 as the same methodology used there is used for this test. Minimum test points are
schematically shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5 Typical inverter-based generating system reactive power capability and measurement conditions for
HP3

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 39
3.4.3 Static reactive support device manual switching test (HP3_WFCAP/HP3_SFCAP)
Refer to Section 3.2.4 as the same methodology used there is used for this test.

3.4.4 Generating system active power control test (HP3_WFAPT_LOC/HP3_SFAPT_LOC

and HP3_WFAPT_DIS/HP3_SFAPT_DIS)
Refer to Section 3.2.5 as the same methodology used there is used for this test.

3.4.5 Generating system reactive power reference test (HP3_WFRPT/HP3_SFRPT)

Refer to Section 3.2.6 as the same methodology used there is used for this test.

3.4.6 Generating system voltage reference step test (HP3_WFVCT/HP3_SFVCT)

Refer to Section 3.2.7 as the same methodology used there is used for this test.

3.4.7 Generating system power factor reference step test (HP3_WFPFT/HP3_SFPFT) (if
applicable)
Refer to Section 3.2.8 as the same methodology used there is used for this test.

3.4.8 Generating system transformer manual tap position change test

(HP3_WFTXT/HP3_SFTXT)
Refer to Section 3.2.9 as the same methodology be used there is used for this test.

3.4.9 Generating system frequency control test HP3_WFFCT/HP3_SFFCT

Purpose
 To assess compliance with GPS S5.2.5.11 with respect to frequency control.
 To assess compliance with GPS S5.2.5.8(a)(2) with respect to automatic rapid reduction of generation for a
frequency increase.
 To assess the generating system’s ability to provide primary frequency response (PFR)14.
 To validate dynamic model and associated parameters of the frequency control function in central park level
controller.
 To assess compliance with GPS S5.2.6.1 and clause 4.11.1 of the NER with respect to confirmation of:
– SCADA feedback signals.
– Communication equipment.

Pre-test conditions
 Total output of the generating system is above 90% of HP3 MW.
 Total output of the generating system is above 90% of HP3 MW level (for over-frequency tests).
 Total output of the generating system is above 90% of HP3 MW level but curtailed to 50% of HP3 (for under-
frequency tests).
 Generating units are under park dispatch control and configured to frequency control mode.
 The generating system is in default control mode, e.g. voltage control mode.
 The generating system transformer is under auto control.

Methodology and procedure

 Pre-test simulation studies report must be submitted by the Generator to verify the extent of changes in network
voltage and reactive power at the connection point that would not adversely impact the area to which the
generating system is connected.

14
This requirement anticipates the making of the National Electricity Amendment (Mandatory primary frequency response) Rule 2020, expected to occur on or about
26 March 2020. See https://www.aemc.gov.au/rule-changes/mandatory-primary-frequency-response.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 40
 Confirm measurement systems are ready.
 Configure the generating system control to local control mode.
 Confirm the pre-test conditions.
 Set to default deadband and droop settings consistent with GPS S5.2.5.8(a)(2) and GPS S5.2.5.11 requirements.
 Inject a frequency step signal into the frequency controller summing junction. Typical step sizes are ±0.1 Hz,
±0.25 Hz, ±1 Hz and ±2.0 Hz15.
 Allow at least 10 seconds pre-triggered recording and at least 60 seconds recording time after the response has
settled at its steady-state value before the next test (step) commences.
 Repeat tests for different deadbands (range of 0 to ±1.0 Hz) and droop (range of 2% to 10%) combinations.
Typical combinations are (±0.15 Hz, 2%),(±0.15 Hz, 5%),(±0.5 Hz, 2%) and (±1 Hz, 5%).
(Please note AEMO seeks to evaluate the generating system’s ability to adjust generation output automatically to
arrest and stabilise frequency, typically in proportion to measured frequency deviation as required under the primary
frequency response requirements (PFRR)16. The scope of this test should not be altered.)
 Repeat the tests for all proposed operating modes such as raise, lower, frequency sensitive mode, limited
frequency sensitive mode, and frequency control ancillary services (FCAS).

Signals to be measured and plotted

Table 2 summarises typical signals that that need to be measured for the test, and highlights those that need to be
compared against the respective simulated response.

Measurement data file name and format

PlantName_SectionNo_HP3_WFFCT.CSV.

Acceptance criteria
 Model overlays of the generating system frequency control test are submitted as part of HP reports. The following
responses need to be included:
– Connection point.
– Static and dynamic reactive support plant.
– Central park level controller.
– Coordinated voltage control scheme.
 To assess compliance with the Power System Model Guidelines, ±10% accuracy bands need to be superimposed
on the graphs, which include overlays of measured and simulated responses.
 The generating system is able to return to stable operation after each step.
 Measurement data is successfully downloaded and confirmed.
 The active power response complies with the requirements of GPS S5.2.5.11, GPS S5.2.5.8(a)(2), and the PFRR.

3.4.10 Partial generating system trip test (HP3_PWFTT/HP3_PSFTT)

Purpose
 To partially assess compliance with GPS S5.2.5.4, GPS S5.2.5.8 and GPS S5.2.5.13.
 To validate dynamic model of generating units, generating system and all associated control systems.
 To validate the local limit (active power) calculation based on number of generating units in service.

Pre-test conditions
 Confirm the measurement systems are ready.

15
Step sizes for frequency injection signal must be agreed with AEMO and NSP.
16
This requirement anticipates the making of the National Electricity Amendment (Mandatory primary frequency response) Rule 2020, expected to occur on or about
26 March 2020. See https://www.aemc.gov.au/rule-changes/mandatory-primary-frequency-response.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 41
 Communicate and confirm test with the NSP and AEMO control rooms.
 Risk assessment complete and risk mitigation controls applied.
 Obtain a screenshot of the plant’s HMI demonstrating the plant’s operational state before and after testing.
 Maximum generating system output is at the agreed HP3 MW level.
 Total output of the generating system is above 90%17 of HP3 MW level (for over-frequency tests).
 Generating units are under park dispatch control.
 The generating system is in default control mode, e.g. voltage control mode.
 The generating system transformer is under auto control.

Methodology and procedure

 Pre-test conditions are confirmed.
 Record pre-test local limit (active power).
 Confirm measurement systems are ready.
 Trip part of the generating system by either:
– Opening one of feeder circuit breakers to trip the generating units connected to that feeder; or
– Opening a main grid transformer circuit breaker for generating systems with two or more grid transformers.
 Allow at least 10 seconds pre-triggered recording and at least 60 seconds recording time after the response has
settled at its steady-state value before the next test (step) commences.
 Record post-test local limit (active power).

Signals to be measured and plotted

Table 2 summarises typical signals to be measured for the test, and highlights those that need to be compared against
the respective simulated response.

Measurement data file name and format

PlantName_SectionNo_HP3_PWFTT.CSV.

Acceptance criteria
 Model overlays of partial generating system trip test are submitted as part of HP reports.
 To assess compliance with the Power System Model Guidelines, ±10% accuracy bands need to be superimposed
on the graphs, which include overlays of measured and simulated responses.
 Generating units not subject to tripping are capable of maintaining continuous uninterrupted operation after
partial tripping concludes.
 Pre- and post-local limit (active power) calculation accuracy based on generating units in service confirmed.
 Measurement data is successfully downloaded and confirmed.

3.4.11 Trip or runback scheme test (HP3_WFRBK/HP3_SFRBK)

Purpose
To assess implementation and compliance of trip or runback scheme with GPS S5.2.5.8 and GPS S5.2.5.12.

Pre-test conditions
 Confirm the measurement systems are ready.
 Communicate and confirm test with NSP and AEMO control rooms.
 Risk assessment complete and risk mitigation controls applied.

17
Specific minimum generation level at each HP must be agreed with AEMO and the NSP.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 42
 Obtain a screenshot of the plant’s HMI demonstrating the plant’s operational state before and after testing.
 Generating units are under park dispatch control.
 Total output of the generating system is above 90% of HP3 MW level.
 All generating system protection systems in service with normal settings.
 The generating system is in default control mode, e.g. voltage control mode.
 The generating system transformer is under auto control.

Methodology and procedure

 Pre-test conditions are confirmed.
 Confirm measurement systems are ready.
 Trip or runback full/part of the generating system by either:
– Coordinating with NSP control room to simulate trip or runback signal; or
– Simulate trip or runback signal from generating system receiving end.
 Allow at least 10 seconds pre-triggered recording and at least 60 seconds recording time after the response has
settled at its steady-state value before the next test (step) commences.

Signals to be measured and plotted

Table 2 summarises typical signals to be measured for the test, and highlights those that need to be compared against
the respective simulated response.

Measurement data file name and format

PlantName_SectionNo_HP3_SFRBK.CSV.

Acceptance criteria
 Model overlays of the generating system trip or runback test are submitted as part of HP reports.
 To assess compliance with the Power System Model Guidelines, ±10% accuracy bands need to be superimposed
on the graphs, which include overlays of measured and simulated responses.
 Trip or runback scheme operation comply with the requirements under GPS S5.2.5.8 and GPS S5.2.5.12.
 Trip scheme – The generating system is able to return to stable operation and generating units not subject to
tripping are capable of maintaining continuous uninterrupted operation after tripping concludes.
 Runback scheme – The generating system is able to return to stable operation after runback.
 Measurement data is successfully downloaded and confirmed.

3.5 Other Hold Point 3 tests

In addition to staged HP 3 tests, the following system level tests may be initiated by AEMO or the NSP at the same
time or immediately after the HP tests:
 Network capacitor and/or reactor switching.
 Low irradiance/wind tests.
 Temperature dependent active power local limit test.
 Fault-throwing tests.
 N-1 system outage tests.
 Battery charge and discharge tests.
 Wind farm day time tests.
 Solar farm night time voltage control tests.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 43
3.5.1 Network capacitor or reactor switching test (HP3_WFCST/HP3_SFCST)

Purpose
 To assess compliance with GPS S5.2.5.13 with respect to voltage and reactive power control of the generating
system.
 To assess compliance with GPS S5.2.5.4 with respect to continuous uninterrupted operation of the generating
system.
 To assess response of the generating system and generating units to voltage disturbances caused by capacitor or
reactor switching.
 To validate dynamic model and parameters of the coordinated voltage control scheme.

Pre-test conditions
 Output of the generating units is above 90% of HP MW level.
 Generating units are under park dispatch control.
 The generating system is in default control mode, e.g. voltage control mode.
 The generating system transformer is under auto control.
 Obtain a screenshot of the plant’s HMI demonstrating the plant’s operational state before and after testing.
 Communicate and confirm test with AEMO and NSP control rooms.

Methodology and procedure

 Pre-test simulation studies report must be submitted by the Generator to verify the extent of changes in network
voltage and reactive power at the connection point that would not adversely impact the area to which the
generating system is connected.
 Confirm measurement systems are ready.
 Configure the generating system control to local control mode.
 Pre-test conditions are confirmed.
 Switch the capacitor (or reactor) out.
 Wait until the response settles.
 Switch the capacitor (or reactor) in.
 Allow at least 60 seconds recording time after the response settled at steady state before the next test (step)
commences.
 View test data file to ensure it has been successfully saved.

Acceptance criteria
 Model overlays for the capacitor or reactor switching test are submitted as part of HP reports.
 To assess compliance with the Power System Model Guidelines, ±10% accuracy bands need to be superimposed
on the graphs which include overlays of measured and simulated responses.
 Generating system is able to return to stable operation after each switching action.
 The settling time of voltage, reactive power and active power response for the switching action complies with the
requirements of GPS S5.2.5.13.
 The active power and reactive power response for the switching action complies with the requirements of GPS
S5.2.5.4. e.g. generating system and each of its generating units capable of continuous uninterrupted operation
for a power system disturbance that causes voltage at the connection point to vary.
 Measurement data is successfully downloaded and confirmed.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 44
3.5.2 Low irradiance/wind and high irradiance/wind low active power setpoint tests
(HP3_WFLIVCT/HP3_SFLIVCT, HP3_WFAPC_LOC/HP3_SFAPC_LOC)

Purpose
To assess stability of the voltage control system under low irradiance/wind conditions.

Pre-test conditions
 Communicate and confirm test with NSP and AEMO control rooms.
 Risk assessment complete and risk mitigation controls applied.
 Obtain a screenshot of the plant’s HMI demonstrating the plant’s operational state before and after testing.
 For solar farms: Low irradiance level (closer to sunset, typically below 150 W/m2).
 Generating units are under park dispatch control.
 The generating system is in voltage control mode.
 The generating system transformer is under auto control.

Methodology and procedure

Refer to Sections 3.2.7 and 3.2.5 as the same test methodology used there is used for this test.

Acceptance criteria
Refer to Section 3.2.7 as the same acceptance criteria are used there.

3.5.3 Temperature dependent local active power limit test (HP3_WFLLCAL/HP3_SFLLCAL)

Purpose
To assess accuracy of temperature dependent local limit calculation to meet GPS S5.2.5.1 and GPS S5.2.5.4.

Pre-test conditions
 Local active power limit calculation logic is provided to AEMO and NSP.
 Pre assessment complete to verify the local limit calculation accuracy.
– Monitor all inputs to and output from the local limit calculation, trending with 1 second resolution in SCADA.
– Trend inputs and output of local limit calculation for at least 4 hours to allow temperature to vary in a broader
range.
– Calculate the value of the local limit from the inputs (temperature, number of generating units in service etc).
– Compare output of local limit with calculated value of local limit.
 Output of the generating units is above 90% of HP MW level.
 Generating units are under park dispatch control.
 The generating system is in default control mode, e.g. voltage control mode.
 The generating system transformer is under auto control.
 Obtain a screenshot of the plant’s HMI demonstrating the plant’s operational state before and after testing.

Methodology and procedure

 Confirm measurement systems are ready.
 Pre-test conditions are confirmed.
 Configure the park controller in simulation mode for temperature.
 Apply a bias to the temperature signal at the park controller to synthesise an increase the temperature to 40ºC.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 45
 Allow 10 seconds pre-triggered recording and 120 seconds recording time after the response has settled at its
steady-state value.
 Apply a bias to the temperature signal at the park controller to synthesise an increase the temperature to 50ºC.
 Allow 10 seconds pre-triggered recording and 120 seconds recording time after the response has settled at its
steady-state value.
 Apply a bias to the temperature signal at the park controller to synthesise an increase the temperature to 40ºC.
 Allow 10 seconds pre-triggered recording and 120 seconds recording time after the response has settled at its
steady-state value.
 Configure the park controller in normal mode.

Acceptance criteria
 Measurement data is successfully downloaded and confirmed.
 Plant responded to the expected derating with the variation in temperature as specified in GPS S5.2.5.1.

3.5.4 Fault-throwing tests (HP3_WFFTT/HP3_SFFTT)

Purpose
Under special circumstances, AEMO or the NSP may consider that the fault ride through performance of a
generating system is required to be tested by conducting a fault-throwing test. AEMO and the NSP will evaluate the
risk to power system security and impact on other Network Users during the test.
 To validate the generating system response to disturbances following contingency events as required by GPS
S5.2.5.5.

Pre-test conditions
 Power system security risk and impact on Network Users evaluated.
 Pre-test simulation studies are completed by the NSP and AEMO.
 Hardware in the loop (HIL) tests are completed by the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) (AEMO and
NSP to advise).
 Communicate and confirm test details with NSP and AEMO control rooms.
 The test details communicated to the other relevant Network Users.
 The testing methodology and test procedures agreed between the Generator, NSP and AEMO control rooms.
 Risk assessment complete and risk mitigation controls applied.
 Confirm the primary and secondary measurement systems are ready.

Methodology and procedure

The methodology and procedure should elaborate on the following:
 Fault details: Type of fault (3Ph/LLG/1Ph) and fault location in the network.
 Test co-ordinators from AEMO, NSP and Generator are identified.
 Safety procedure: Safety instructions to be followed during fault.
 Operational precautions to be followed in the event of any test failure (e.g. the relevant protection fails to clear
the fault).
 Details instructions to be followed by the operations team.
 Contact details of emergency staff.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 46
3.5.5 N-1 system outage tests (HP3_WFSOT/HP3_SFSOT)

Purpose
In order to assess its performance during planned network outage conditions (N-1 conditions) the generating system
will be tested during commissioning for the N-1 low system strength configurations identified during connection
assessments. Compliance with the following GPS will be assessed during N-1 system outage tests:
 Reactive power capability test (GPS S5.2.5.1).
 Voltage reference step test (GPS S5.2.5.13).

Methodology and procedure

AEMO and the NSP will determine the outages for the tests. The following must be considered while planning these
tests:
 The test dates must be organised with the NSP and AEMO to co-ordinate them with the planned outages on the
transmission line or distribution line of interest. If no planned outage is available, the NSP and AEMO may
organise the line outage as required by Outage Assessment SO_OP_3718 .
 The Generator must plan the test to be completed within the outage period.
 A separate N-1 test plan has to be prepared by the Generator in consultation with the NSP and then submitted for
approval by AEMO.
 Refer to Section 3.2.3 as the same reactive power capability test methodology is used for this test.
 Refer to Section 3.2.7 as the same voltage reference step test methodology is used.

3.5.6 Battery charge and discharge mode tests (HP3_BCD)

AEMO and the NSP may request additional battery charge and discharge mode tests that are not included in this
document.

3.5.7 Wind Farm day time tests (HP3_DTWF)

AEMO and the NSP may request additional commissioning tests during daytime while other solar farms in
operation that are not included in this document.

3.5.8 Solar Farm night time voltage control tests (HP3_NTSF)

AEMO and the NSP may request additional commissioning tests from solar farms provide voltage control during
night time that are not included in this document.

3.6 System event analysis

Purpose
Application of staged fault tests is not practicable under all circumstances. Post-processing of network disturbances
is often used to assess compliance with GPS following a large-signal disturbance of the generating system, and to
validate relevant parts of simulation models, including:
 Generating system response to frequency disturbances under GPS S5.2.5.3.
 Generating system response to voltage disturbances under GPS S5.2.5.4.
 Generating system response to disturbances following contingency events under GPS S5.2.5.5.
 Protection of generating units from power system disturbances under GPS S5.2.5.8.
 Frequency control under GPS S5.2.5.11.
 Impact on network capability under GPS S5.2.5.12.
 Fault current under GPS S5.2.8.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 47
Methodology and procedure
Any power system disturbance captured by continuous monitoring systems during commissioning or post-
commissioning will be used to conduct the GPS compliance assessment and R2 model validation. AEMO and the
NSP will provide information of the power system disturbance, such as fault location, fault clearing time, nature of
the fault, post-fault power system condition, power system model information representing the snapshot of the power
system prior to occurrence of the power system disturbance and relevant system model information and files.
Generating system measurement equipment should be able to trigger, record and save high speed data automatically
for the power system events when voltage or frequency (or both) change outside set thresholds.
The Generator must capture and assess compliance of the generating system with relevant GPS and validate
accuracy of the model with the measured responses. The recorded data must be made available to AEMO and the
NSP.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 48
A1. Appendix
A1.1 Main points of contact
Table 3 Key stakeholders from each party involved in commissioning and GPS compliance, and R2 tests

Description Abbreviation Nominated personnel Land line number Mobile number Email contact Professional
qualifications (e.g.
RPEQ , CPENG and
NER)

Generator contact XX_SC

Test coordinator TC

Test lead/manager TM

Test engineer TE

Plant operator (24-hour PO Primary contact

contact)

Secondary contact

Trading room TR Primary contact

Secondary contact

AEMO control room AEMO_SC Duty Operator

NSP control room NSP_SC Duty Operator

AEMO commissioning AEMO_CSE Primary contact

support and approval
engineer

Secondary contact

NSP commissioning NSP_CSE Primary contact

support and approval
engineer

Secondary contact

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 49
A1.2 Key plant information
Table 4 Registered plant information

Details Remarks

Generating system name

Nameplate rating

Maximum capacity

Number of generating units

Connection Point

Reticulation system voltage

Model and type of generating units

R1 simulation model versions (PSS®ETM and

PSCADTM/EMTDCTM)

Controller firmware versions

Rated voltage

Rated current

A1.3 Hold point table

Table 5 Example hold point table for a generating system with 100 MW maximum capacity (name plate rating 125 MVA) and 45 generating units.

HP and maximum active power (MW) Number of generating units in service HP maximum active power (MW) test HP minimum active power (MW) test Maximum and minimum and reactive Reactive plant and/or system strength Harmonic filter bank status (if any)
level* level* power (MVar) * support device status (if any)

HP0 (0-518 MW) 0-2 5 0 ±2 Off Off

HP1 (20 MW) 15 20 16 ±10 On On

HP2 (60 MW) 45 60 48 ±24 On On

HP2 (100 MW) 45 100 90 ±40 On On

* all values nominated at the connection point

** minimum active power level for testing and number of units online need to be agreed with NSP and AEMO for each hold point

18
Notifiable exemption allows maximum combined nameplate rating of all generating units simultaneously connected at the connection point less than 5 MW .

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 50
A1.4 Overview of GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Validation Tests

GPS HP 0 HP1 HP2 HP3 Alternative Descriptions/notes New or upgraded generating

assessment system
(0 MW) (XX MW) (YY MW) (ZZ MW)
methodology
Test conducted at each HP: A1.5
Notes on alternative assessment methodology if required
T
Reactive Power Capability (S5.2.5.1) 

Quality of electricity generated (S5.2.5.2) 

Response to frequency disturbances (S5.2.5.3) 

Response to voltage disturbances (S5.2.5.4) 

Generating system response to disturbances following contingency 

events (S5.2.5.5)

Quality of electricity generated and continuous uninterrupted 

operation (S5.2.5.6)

Partial load rejection (S5.2.5.7) 

Protection of generating systems from power system disturbances 

(S5.2.5.8)

Protection systems that impact on power system security (S5.2.5.9)

Protection to trip plant for unstable operation (S5.2.5.10)

Frequency Control (S5.2.5.11) 

Impact on network capability (S5.2.5.12)

Voltage and reactive power control (S5.2.5.13) 

Active power control (S5.2.5.14) 

Monitoring and control requirements (S5.2.6) 

Fault current (S5.2.8)

Power station auxiliary supplies (S5.2.7)

est schedule

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 51
 Table 6 Test schedule example

Item Day Date Activity Initial Operating Conditions Test Reference GPS Clause Validation MW Initial MW Change MVAr MVAr Start Finish
Initial Change
(Market Time) (Market Time)

1 Hold Point 0

2 0 16/09/2019 – 22/09/2019 Background power quality HP0_WFPQT/HP0_SFPQT

measurements

3 1 23/09/2019 Synchronous dynamic reactive HP0_SDR

support device (SDRD)
control test.
4 1 23/09/2019 Asynchronous dynamic HP0_NDR
reactive support device (DRD)
control system test.

5 2 24/09/2019 Reactive power capability test. HP0_NDR Test A

6 3 25/09/2019 Voltage control test HP0_NDR Test B

7 4 26/09/2019 End to end communication HP0_WFCD/HP0_SFCD

delay test

8 5 26/09/2019 Generating unit signal HP0_WFSI/HP1_SFSI

injection tests

8 … … (Additional tests as necessary) …

10 HP 0 report 30/09/2019
submission date

11 NSP and AEMO 03/10/2019

approval of HP 0
report

12 Hold Point 1

13 10 07/10/2019 Power quality test HP1_WFPQT/HP1_SFPQT

14 10 07/10/2019 Generating unit and park HP1_WTG/HP1_SI

dispatch control test

15 11 08/10/2019 Generating system reactive HP1_WFRCT/HP1_SFRCT

power capability test

16 11 08/10/2019 Static reactive support device HP1_WFCAP/HP1_SFCAP

manual switching test

17 12 09/10/2019 Generating system active HP1_WFAPC/HP1_SFAPC

power control test

18 12 09/10/2019 Generating system reactive HP1_WFRPT/HP1_SFRPT

power reference test

19 13 10/10/2019 Generating system voltage HP1_WFVCT/HP1_SFVCT

reference step test

20 14 11/10/2019 Generating system power HP1_WFPFT/HP1_SFPFT

factor reference step test

21 14 11/10/2019 Generating system manual tap HP1_WFTXT/HP1_SFTXT

position change test

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 52
Item Day Date Activity Initial Operating Conditions Test Reference GPS Clause Validation MW Initial MW Change MVAr MVAr Start Finish
Initial Change
(Market Time) (Market Time)

22 … … (Additional tests as necessary) …

23 HP 1 report 15/10/2019
submission date

24 NSP and AEMO 18/10/2019

approval of HP 1
report

25 Hold Point 2

26 24 21/10/2019 Power quality test HP2_WFPQT/HP2_SFPQT

27 25 22/10/2019 Generating system reactive HP2_WFRCT/HP2_SFRCT

power capability test

28 25 22/10/2019 Generating system active

power control test
HP2_WFAPT/HP2_SFAPT
To be populated as
29 26 23/10/2019 Generating system reactive HP2_WFRPT/HP2_SFRPT appropriate for
power reference test
specific project…
30 27 24/10/2019 Generating system voltage HP2_WFVCT/HP2_SFVCT
reference step test

31 28 25/10/2019 Generating system power HP2_WFPFT/HP2_SFPFT

factor reference step test

32 28 25/10/2019 Generating system transformer HP2_WFTXT/HP2_SFTXT

manual tap position change
test
33 29 26/10/2019 Generating system HP2_WFCOMFAIL/
communication fail test HP2_SFCOMFAIL

… … (Additional tests as necessary) …

34 HP 2 report 31/10/2019
submission date

35 NSP and AEMO 06/11/2019

approval of HP 2
report

36 Hold Point 3

37 36 07/11/2019 Power quality test HP3_WFPQT/HP3_SFPQT

38 37 08/11/2019 Generating system reactive HP3_WFRCT/HP3_SFRCT

power capability test

39 37 08/11/2019 Generating system active HP3_WFAPT/HP3_SFAPT

power control test

40 37 08/11/2019 Generating system reactive HP3_WFRPT/HP3_SFRPT

power reference test

41 38 09/11/2019 Generating system voltage HP3_WFVCT/HP3_SFVCT

reference step test

42 39 10/11/2019 Generating system power HP3_WFPFT/HP3_SFPFT

factor reference step test

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 53
Item Day Date Activity Initial Operating Conditions Test Reference GPS Clause Validation MW Initial MW Change MVAr MVAr Start Finish
Initial Change
(Market Time) (Market Time)

43 39 10/11/2019 Generating system transformer HP3_WFTXT/HP3_SFTXT

manual tap position change
test
44 40 11/11/2019 Generating system frequency HP3_WFFCT/HP3_SFFCT
control test

45 40 11/11/2019 Partial generating system trip HP3_WFPTT/HP3_SFPTT

test

46 41 12/11/2019 Trip or runback scheme test HP3_WFRBK/HP3_SFRBK

47 41 12/11/2019 Network capacitor or rector HP3_WFRBK/HP3_SFRBK

switching test

48 42 13/11/2019 Low irradiance/wind tests HP3_WFLIVCT/

HP3_SFLIVCT

49 42 13/11/2019 Temperature dependent local HP3_WFLLCAL/

active power limit test HP3_SFLLCAL

… … (Additional tests as necessary) …

50 HP 3 report 20/11/2019
submission date

51 NSP and AEMO 26/11/2019

approval of HP 3
report

52 55 26/11/2019 Solar/Windfarm released for

unrestricted commercial
operation

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 54
A1.6 Generation profile
Figure 6 Generation profile example

Please note: The daily generation profile indicated above, only includes certain selected active power and reactive power tests specified in this test plan and must be amended in-line with the commissioning
schedule.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 55
 Table 7 Generation profile table example

Time P (MW) Q (MVAr) Planned HP Test Remark

06:00 0 0 45 solar inverters in service

06:15 0 0

06:30 0 0

06:45 5 0

07:00 10 0

07:15 20 0

07:30 30 0

07:45 40 0

08:00 50 0

08:15 60 0

08:30 60 25 HP2_SFVCT_LIM

08:45 60 0 HP2_SFVCT_LIM

09:00 60 25 HP2_SFVCT_LIM

09:15 60 0 HP2_SFVCT_LIM

09:30 60 -25 HP2_SFVCT_LIM

09:45 60 0 HP2_SFVCT_LIM

10:00 60 -25 HP2_SFVCT_LIM

10:15 60 0

10:30 60 0

10:45 60 0 HP2_SFAPT

11:00 30 0 HP2_SFAPT

11:15 60 0 HP2_SFAPT

11:30 15 0 HP2_SFAPT

11:45 60 0 HP2_SFAPT

12:00 60 0

12:15 60 7.5 HP2_SFRPT

12:30 60 15 HP2_SFRPT

12:45 60 20 HP2_SFRPT

13:00 60 -7.5 HP2_SFRPT

13:15 60 -15 HP2_SFRPT

13:30 60 -20 HP2_SFRPT

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 56
 Time P (MW) Q (MVAr) Planned HP Test Remark

13:45 60 0

14:00 60 0

14:15 60 0

14:30 60 0

14:45 60 0

15:00 60 0

15:15 60 0

15:30 60 0

15:45 60 0

16:00 60 0

16:15 60 0

16:30 50 0

16:45 40 0

17:00 30 0

17:15 20 0

17:30 10 0

17:45 5 0

18:00 0 0

18:15 0 0

18:30 0 0

18:45 0 0

19:00 0 0

A1.7 Risk assessment

Table 8 Risk matrix example

Probability of Severity of consequence²

occurrence¹
Insignificant Minor Moderate Major

Most Likely Medium High Extreme Extreme

Likely Medium Medium High Extreme

Unlikely Low Medium Medium High

Most Unlikely Low Low Medium Medium

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 57
¹ You may define the probability of occurrence e.g. most likely (more than 80% chance of occurrence).
² You may define the severity of consequence. e.g. insignificant (commissioning program delay less than 1 week, cost overrun
up to 10%, minimum rework to address the issue).

Table 9 Risk assessment example – voltage reference step test

Risk event Likelihood Consequence Risk score

Non-compliance to work health and safety requirements Unlikely Major High

Voltage outside the equipment withstand level Unlikely Moderate Medium

Connection point voltage outside the normal operating level Likely Insignificant Medium

Unexpected protection trip due to incorrect setting or malfunction Unlikely Insignificant Low

Insufficient solar irradiance due to cloud cover Likely Insignificant Medium

Instability of the plant during the test Unlikely Major High

Table 10 Risk controls example – voltage reference step test

Item no Risk controls Sign off

1 Commissioning lead/manager in attendance at all times

2 Commissioning engineer in direct line of sight and communication at all times

3 Confirm all plant quantities are within normal equipment withstand levels

4 Confirm step size and reference change consistency with the test plan

5 Communicate with NSP / AEMO control room to configure network reactive plants, OLTC
etc to allow tests to be conducted as required.

6 Any deviation to the test plan pre-approved and appended to the test plan.

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 58
A1.8 Test conditions, file name and time stamp summary–
voltage reference step test
Table 11 Test conditions example – voltage reference step test

Test Vref_initial Vref_step SF P(MW) SF Q (MVar) Main TF

(kV) (kV) tap

HP2_SFVCT_UPF_POS_3PCT

HP2_SFVCT_UPF_NEG_3PCT

HP2_SFVCT_UPF_POS_5PCT

HP2_SFVCT_UPF_NEG_5PCT

HP2_SFVCT_OER_POS_3PCT

HP2_SFVCT_OER_NEG_3PCT

HP2_SFVCT_OER_POS_5PCT

HP2_SFVCT_OER_NEG_5PCT

HP2_SFVCT_UER_POS_3PCT

HP2_SFVCT_UER_NEG_3PCT

HP2_SFVCT_UER_POS_5PCT

HP2_SFVCT_UER_NEG_5PCT

HP2_SFVCT_OER_LIM_NEG_2P5PCT

HP2_SFVCT_OER_LIM_ POS_5PCT

HP2_SFVCT_UER_LIM_ POS_2P5PCT

HP2_SFVCT_OER_LIM_ NEG_5PCT

Table 12 File name and time stamp summary example – voltage reference step test

Test Timestamp File names

HP4_SFVCT_UPF_POS_3PCT DD/MM/YYYY HH:MM:SS SF_PoC_132kV_HP4_SFVCT_UPF_+3pc.csv

AM
SF_MV_33kV_HP4_SFVCT_UPF_+3pc.csv
SF_LV_PCU1_HP4_SFVCT_UPF_+3pc.csv
SF_LV_PCU45_HP4_SFVCT_UPF_+3pc.csv

HP4_SFVCT_UPF_NEG_3PCT

HP4_SFVCT_UPF_POS_5PCT

HP4_SFVCT_UPF_NEG_5PCT

HP4_SFVCT_OER_POS_3PCT

HP4_SFVCT_OER_NEG_3PCT

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 59
 Test Timestamp File names

HP4_SFVCT_OER_POS_5PCT

HP4_SFVCT_OER_NEG_5PCT

HP4_SFVCT_UER_POS_3PCT

HP4_SFVCT_UER_NEG_3PCT

HP4_SFVCT_UER_POS_5PCT

HP4_SFVCT_UER_NEG_5PCT

HP4_SFVCT_OER_LIM_NEG_2P5P
CT

HP4_SFVCT_OER_LIM_
POS_5PCT

HP4_SFVCT_UER_LIM_
POS_2P5PCT

HP4_SFVCT_OER_LIM_
NEG_5PCT

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 60
A1.9 Compliance summary
Table 13 Compliance Summary Example

Test Assessment subclause Test Results GPS requirement Compliance

HP3_SFPQT Harmonics Results within the allocated limits Harmonic allocation in the GPS Yes No

Flicker Results within the threshold Epst Eplt thresholds in the GPS Yes No

Negative phase sequence Results within the limits Negative sequence voltage limits in the GPS Yes No

HP3_SFRCT Reactive power capability Meets the agreed performance standard. 0.395 * rated active power Yes No

HP3_SFRPT Follow reactive power reference within accuracy Results within 2% of the rating 2% of the rating expressed in MVAr. Yes No
limits

Stability Plant response stable and adequately damped Plant response stable and adequately damped Yes No

HP3_SFVCT Voltage error Less than 0.5% Less than 0.5% Yes No

Reactive power rise time Less than 2 s Less than 2 s Yes No

Settling time without limiter action Less than 5 s Less than 5 s Yes No

Settling time with limiter action Less than 5 s Less than 7.5 s Yes No

Stability Plant response stable and adequately damped Plant response stable and adequately damped Yes No

HP3_SFCAP Stability Plant response stable and adequately damped Plant response stable and adequately damped Yes No

Continuous uninterrupted operation (CUO) Plant response meets the CUO requirement Plant capable of CUO Yes No

HP3_SFAPC Constant rate Active power ramps in a constant rate until end of 5 Active power ramps at a constant rate until end of DI Yes No
min DI

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 61
 Test Assessment subclause Test Results GPS requirement Compliance

Reach the target Active power ramps reach the target at the end of 5 min Active power ramps reach the target at the end of DI Yes No
DI

Linear ramping Active power ramps linearly Active power ramps linearly until end of DI Yes No

Ramp rate algorithm consistent with System Automatically reducing or increasing its active power automatically reducing or increasing its active power Yes No
Operating Procedure S0_OP_3705 output linearly at the end of the DI linearly. output linearly within 5 minutes at a constant rate.

Follow AGC target Plan can receive and automatically follow targets from Plan can receive and automatically follow target from Yes No
AGC AGC

Dispatch target maximum processing delay 30 seconds N/A Yes No

within 30 seconds

Adequately damped Active power control adequately damped Active power control adequately damped Yes No

HP3_SFFCT Increase in response to a rise in frequency No increase No increase Yes No

Decrease in response to a fall in frequency No decrease No decrease Yes No

Automatic proportional decrease and increase in Plant can automatically decrease and increase active Plant can automatically decrease and increase active Yes No
frequency control mode power proportionally. power proportionally.

Control system response adequately damped Plant response stable and adequately damped Plant response stable and adequately damped Yes No

Set deadband (0 to ± 1.0 Hz) and droop(2% to Plant response stable and adequately damped in tested Plant can set deadband (0 to ± 1.0 Hz) and droop( 2% to Yes No
10% ). deadband and droop settings 10% ).

Active power reduction for over frequency (GPS Active power reduction within GPS S5.2.5.8(a)(2) Reduce at least by half above or reaching frequency Yes No
S5.2.5.8(a)(2)) requirements. limit

HP3_SFLLCAL Temperature dependent local controls Active power ramps linearly based on temperature. Active power ramps linearly based on temperature. Yes No

Accuracy of local limit calculation Local limit algorithm accurate with the design algorithm accuracy for unit/ plant outages Yes No

HP2_SFCOMFAIL Communication failure failsafe mechanism Plant response consistent with agreed failsafe N/A Yes No
mechanism logic

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 62
 Test Assessment subclause Test Results GPS requirement Compliance

(Additional tests as … … … …
necessary)

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 63
A1.10Measurement point layout example
Figure 7 Measurement point layout

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 64
A1.11Test Plan checklist
Table 14 Test plan checklist

Item Comment Checkbox

1 Title reflects the name of power station, unit under Yes No

test (if applicable), name of the plant owner and the
name of the consultancy company prepared the
document

2 Date of release, revision number and revision history Yes No

table

3 Distribution list for companies it has been supplied Optional Yes No

4 Structure has contents, list of abbreviations, glossary Yes No

of terms, introduction, test objective , scope of the test
plan and references

5 Main point of contacts See Section 2.2 and Appendix A1.11 Yes No

6 Key plant information See Section 2.3 and Appendix A1.2 Yes No

7 Communication protocol See Section 2.4 Yes No

8 Risk assessment included for each test See Section 2.5 and Appendix A1.7 Yes No

9 Measurement equipment information See section 2.8 Yes No

10 Simulation software for overlays agreed for each test PSS®E and/or PSCADTM/EMTDCTM Yes No

11 Test data file name format details See section 2.9 Yes No

12 Pre-requisites to commence testing See section 2.1 Yes No

13 Scope of the pre-test simulations Yes No

14 Hold point details See Section 2.7 and Appendix A1.3 Yes No

15 HP test details Pre requisites Yes No

Risk assessment Yes No
Purpose, pre-test conditions,
Yes No
methodology and procedure
Signal to measured and plotted Yes No

Measured data file name and format Yes No

Acceptance criteria Yes No Yes

No

16 All tables and figures appropriately numbered and Yes No

referenced

17 Appendix Single line diagram Yes No

Reactive power capability Yes No
Measurement point layout
Yes No
Schedule and generation profile
Yes No

A1.12Hold point report checklist

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 65
 Table 15 Hold point report checklist

Item Comment Checkbox

1 Title reflects the name of power station, unit under Yes No

test (if applicable), the name of the consultancy
company prepared the document and HP point

2 Date of release, revision number and revision Yes No

history table

3 Distribution list for companies it has been supplied Yes No

4 Structure has contents, list of abbreviations, Yes No

glossary of terms, background and references

5 Summary of HP tests Yes No

6 Applicable firmware and simulation models Yes No

(PSS®ETM and PSCADTM/EMTDC™) versions
summary

7 Risk assessment was completed before each HP test Yes No

8 Test results Details of test records (See Appendix A1.8). Yes No

File name summary (See Appendix A1.8)
Error: Reference source not found Yes No

HMI screenshots.
Yes No
Plots and overlays as agreed in the Test plan.
Yes No
Summary of test results for each test.
Conclusion and compliance with acceptance
criteria. Yes No
Yes No

9 Overlays include 10% accuracy bands Yes No

10 Summary of HP test results See Appendix A1.9 Yes No

11 Conclusion of the HP Yes No

12 All plots in appropriate scale Yes No

13 All plots are clearly labelled Yes No

14 Relevant reference signals are plotted Yes No

15 All simulation files used for the overlays are Yes No

provided

16 All HP measured data files are provided Yes No

17 Details of any model parameters modified are Yes No

provided

18 Test data file name format consistent with the test See section 2.9 Yes No
plan requirements

19 Applicable setting summary table comparing Yes No

physical settings downloaded from actual
controllers on site with the R1 PSS®ETM and
PSCADTM/EMTDC™ model settings as an
appendix

© AEMO 2020 | GPS Compliance Assessment and R2 Model Validation Test Plan Template 66