Complex Variable and Linear Algebra (BMAT201L)

Tutorial Sheet- 1 _____________________

y
1. If u  x 2  y 2 and v  prove that u and v are harmonic but 𝑢 + 𝑖 𝑣 is not an analytic
x  y2
2

function.
2. Verify that the family of curves u= constant and v=constant cut orthogonally, when 𝑤 = 𝑢 + 𝑖 𝑣 =
𝑧 3.
3. If both 𝑓(𝑧) and its conjugate are analytic, show that 𝑓(𝑧) is a constant function.
4. Find the values of a, b, c, d such that the following functions are analytic

(i) 𝑓 (𝑧) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 + 𝑖(𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑑𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )

(ii) 𝑓 (𝑧) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑦 + 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑦) + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑦 + 𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑦)

𝑧̅ 2
5. Show that the function 𝑓 (𝑧) = { 𝑧 , 𝑧 ≠ 0 satisfies the Cauchy Riemann equations at origin but
0 ,𝑧 = 0
𝑓 ′ (0) does not exist?
6. Let 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑢 + 𝑖𝑣 is an analytic function. If 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = ln(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ), then find 𝑓 ′ (1 + 8𝑖 ).
7. If 𝑓(𝑧) is an analytic function in the domain 𝐷 and |𝑓(𝑧)| is a non-zero constant, then prove that
𝑓(𝑧) is a constant function.
8. Find 𝑓′(𝑧) when 𝑓 (𝑧) = (𝑟 2 cos(2 𝜃) + 𝑟 cos(𝜃)) + 𝑖 (𝑟 2 sin(2 𝜃) 𝑟 sin(𝜃)).
9. If 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑅𝑒(𝑧 2 ) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 and 𝑣 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝐼𝑚(𝑧 3 ) = 3 𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑦 3 are harmonic functions in a
domain D. Show that the function (𝑢𝑦 − 𝑣𝑥 ) + 𝑖 (𝑢𝑥 + 𝑣𝑦 ) is analytic in D.
10. Discuss the function f ( z )  z z is analytic or not at origin.
 x3 y 5  i x 2 y 6
 , ( x, y)  (0, 0)
11. Examine the nature of the function f ( z )   x 4  y10
0, ( x, y)  (0, 0)

 y2
12. Show that the function u  e x
2
cos 2 xy is harmonic and then determine their harmonic
conjugates.
x  iy
13. Discuss the analyticity of the function f ( z )  .
x2  y 2
xy( y  ix )
14. Show that the function f(z) defined by f ( z )  for z  0 and f (0)  0 is not analytic at the
x2  y 2
origin even though it satisfies C-R equation at the origin.
 BMAT201L - Complex Variables and Linear Algebra
Module - 1
Tutorial Sheet 2
1. Let a, b, c are real constants. Determine the relation among the coefficients
that will guarantee that the function φ(x) = ax2 + bxy + cy 2 is harmonic.
2. Does an analytic function f (z) = u(x, y) + iv(x, y) exists for which v(x, y) =
x3 + y 3 ? Why?
3. Let u1 (x, y) = x2 − y 2 and u2 (x, y) = x3 − 3xy 2 . Show that u1 and u2 are
harmonic functions and their product u1 (x, y)u2 (x, y) is not harmonic function.
4. Use polar form of Laplace equation to show that u(r, θ) = (r + 1/r) cos(θ) and
v(r, θ) = (r − 1/r) sin(θ) are harmonic functions. (Hint : The polar form of
Laplace equation is given by r2 rrr + rur + uθ,θ =0).
5. The function F (z) = 1/z is used to determine a field known as dipole. Express
F (z) in the form F (z) = φ(x, y) + iψ(x, y) and sketch the equipotentials
φ = 1, 1/2, 1/4 and the streamlines ψ = 1, 1/2, 1/4.
x
6. Show that φ = x2 − y 2 + 2 can represent the velocity potential in an
x + y2
incompressible fluid flow. Also find the corresponding stream function and
complex potential.
7. Show that the equation x3 y − xy 3 + xy + x + y = c can represent the path of
electric current flow in an electric field. Also find the complex electric potential
and the equation of the potential lines.
sin(2x)
8. Find the analytic function P + iQ, if P − Q = .
cosh(2y) − cos(2x)
sin(x) sinh(y)
9. Find the analytic function f (z) = u + iv if v = if f (0) = 1.
cos(2x) + cosh(2y)
10. Verify that the family of curves u = c1 and v = c2 cut orthogonally, when
w = 1/z.

1
 BMAT201L - Complex Variables and Linear Algebra

Module 2 – Conformal and Bilinear transformations

1. Find where the following mappings are conformal and also find the critical points if
any.
(a) (b) (c)
2. Under the transformation show that the half plane maps onto the
half plane
3. Find the image of the rectangular region bounded by
under the transformation ( )
4. Find the image of the strip under the transformation
5. Find the image of the region under the transformation
6. Find the image of the strip under .
7. Find the image of the circle | | under .
8. Determine the region of w-plane for the following regions under the mapping
a) First quadrant of z-plane
b) Region bounded by
c) | | ( )
9. Find and draw the image of the rectangular region in
the z-plane under the transformation
10. Show that the region between the real axis and a line parallel to real axis at
transforms into upper half of the w-plane under the transformation .
11. Determine the bilinear transformations whose fixed points are i, −i.
12. Find the bilinear transformation that maps z1, z2, z3 onto w1, w2, w3 respectively: z
= ∞, i, 0 onto w = 0, i,∞
13. Find the bilinear transformation whose fixed points are 1/ 2 and 2 and maps (5+3i)/4
into ∞.
14. Find the bilinear transformation which maps z = 1, i, −1 onto w = i, 0, −i. Find the
image of |z| < 1. Determine fixed points.
15. What is the form of a bilinear transformation which has one fixed point ‘a’ and the
other fixed point’∞’.

Answer Key:

1. (a) Conformal at all points except . Origin is a critical point.

(b) Conformal except These are the critical points.
(c) Conformal except at ( ), ( ),…. These are the critical points.
3. The rectangular region bounded by and
 4. The strip
5.
6. The strip is mapped onto the region bounded by the circles
and in the w-plane.
7.
8. a) ( )
b)
c) | |

9.
 BMAT201L – Complex Variables and Linear Algebra

Tutorial Sheet – 2

1. Find the image of the region bounded by x  0, y  0, x  1, y  2 under the map w  z  2  i.

2. Find the image of the circle z  1 under the map w  z   2  2i  .

3. Find the image of the rectangular region bounded by x  0, y  0, x  1, y  2 under the map

w  1  i  z  2.

1
4. Under the transformation w  , find the image of the region i) x  c where c  0, and ii)
z
y  c, where c  0.
5. Find the image of the triangular region bounded by the lines x  1, y  1, x  y  1 in the

z-plane under the transformation w  z 2 .


6. Find the image of the region r  2, 0    under the map w  z 2 where z  rei .
4
7. Find the bilinear transformation which maps the points 1, i,  1 onto the points 0,1, . show
that the transformation maps the interior of the unit circle of the z-plane onto the upper half of
the w-plane.
8. Find the bilinear mapping which maps 1, 0,1 of the z-plane onto 1,  i,1 of the w-plane.

Show that this maps the upper half of the z-plane onto the interior of the unit circle w  1.

9. Find the bilinear map if 1 and i are fixed points and origin goes to -1.
2i  6 z
10. Find the fixed points of the bilinear map w  .
iz  3
BMAT201L: Complex Variables and
Linear Algebra
Tutorial Sheet 1 (Module 3)

1. Expand f (z) = sin z in a Taylor series about z = π

4
and determine the region of
convergence.

2. Expand ze2z in a Taylor series about z = −1 and determine the region of conver-
gence.
z 2 −1
3. Find the Taylor series representation of (z+2)(z+3)
in |z| < 2.

4. Expand f (z) = (z−1)(2−z)

z
in a Laurent series valid for (i) |z| < 1, (ii) 1 < |z| < 2,
(iii) |z| > 2, (iv) |z − 1| > 1, and (v) 0 < |z − 2| < 1.

5. Find the Laurent series expansions of f (z) = z+4

(z+3)(z−1)2
in (i) 0 < |z − 1| < 4 and
(ii) |z − 1| > 4.
2z
6. Expand f (z) = (z−1)
e
3 about z = 1 in a Laurent series. Also indicate the region of

convergence of the series.

7. Determine and classify the singular points of f (z) = z

ez −1
.
1


8. Determine and classify the singularities of f (z) = sin z
.
1
9. Determine and classify the singular points of (2 sin z−1)2
.
1+ez
10. Find the residue of f (z) = z cos z+sin z
at z = 0.
z 2 +4
11. Find the poles of f (z) = z 3 +2z 2 +2z
and determine the residues at the poles.
ez
12. Find the residues of z 2 (z 2 +9)
at its poles.
1
13. Find the residue of z−sin z
at its pole.

1
 BMAT201L-Complex Variables and Linear Algebra

Module-4 Vector Space

Tutorial-1

1. Check whether the following sets form subspace or not.

(i) S  {( x1 , x2 , x3 )  3
| x1  4 x2  5x3  2} in the vector space ℝ3 .
(ii) S  {( x1 , x2 )  2
| y  x 2} in the vector space ℝ2 .
(iii) S  { A  M 22 | det( A)  0} in the vector space M 22 .
2. If a Vector Space is the set of all real valued continuous function over ℝ, then verify that set
d2y dy
W of solutions of differential equation 2 2
 9  2 y  0 is a subspace of 𝑉.
dx dx
2
3. Let 𝐶 [−1,1] be the Vector space of all functions with continuous second derivative on the
domain [−1,1] . Which of the following subset is a subspace and which one is not? Justify?
(i) W   f ( x)  C 2 [1,1] : f ''( x)  f ( x)  0
(ii) W   f ( x)  C 2 [1,1] : f ''( x)  f ( x)  x 2 
4. Express the first vector as the linear combination of the remaining vectors.
(i) {(1,-2,5), (1,1,1), (1,2,3), (2,-1,1)}
(ii) {(2,3,-1), (0,1,3), (2,2,4), (4,2,6)}
5. Verify whether the following set of vectors are linearly independent or dependent.
(i) {1, e x , e2 x , e3 x } (ii) {x,cos x,sin x} (iii) {x x , x 2 } (iv) {(1,1,1),(1, 2,0),(0, 1, 2)}
(v){(1,3,-4,2), (2, 2,-4,0), (1,-3,2,-4), (-1,0,1,0)} (vi) {x, x  x 2 , 2 x  x 2 }
6. Determine all the values of 𝑘 for which the given set of vectors in linearly independent in ℝ4
(i) {(1, 0, 1, 𝑘), (−1, 0, 𝑘, 1), (2, 0, 1, 3)}
(ii) {(1, 1. 0, −1), (1, 𝑘, 1, 1), (2, 1, 𝑘, 1), (−1, 1, 1, 𝑘)}
7. For the given problem, determine a linearly independent set of vectors that spans the same
subspace of 𝑉 as the spanned by the original vectors.
(i) 𝑉 = 𝑃1 , {2 − 5𝑥, 3 + 7𝑥, 4 − 𝑥}
4 5
(ii) 𝑉 = ℝ3 , {(1,2,3), (−3,4,5), (1, − 3 , − 3}
(iii) 𝑉 = ℝ3 , {(1,1,1), (1, −1,1), (1, −3,1)(3,1,2)}
1 1 2 −1 1 1 2 −1
(iv) 𝑉 = 𝑀2×2 (ℝ), {[ ],[ ],[ ],[ ]}
−1 1 3 1 2 1 2 1
1 2 −1 2 3 2
(v) 𝑉 = 𝑀2×2 (ℝ), {[ ],[ ],[ ]}
3 4 5 7 1 1
 BMAT201L-Complex Variables and Linear Algebra

Module-4 Vector Space

Tutorial-2

1. Find the basis for the subspace 𝑊 = {(𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 , 𝑎4 , 𝑎5 ) ∈ 𝑅 5 ; 𝑎1 + 𝑎3 + 𝑎5 = 0, 𝑎2 =

𝑎4 } and find it’s and dimension.
−1 2
2. Find a basis of 𝑀2×2 (𝑅) that contains a vector [ ].
2 1
3. Find a basis of 𝑃3 (𝑅) that contains the vector1 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 .
4. Does 𝑊 = {𝑝(𝑥) ∈ 𝑃3 (𝑅)| 𝑝(1) = 𝑝(2) = 0} a subspace of 𝑃3 (𝑅). If so, find its basis.
5. Let 𝑉1 = {(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧, 𝑤) ∈ ℝ4 |𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 + 𝑤 = 0} and 𝑉2 = {(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧, 𝑤) ∈ ℝ4 |𝑦 = −3𝑧 −
6𝑤} be subspaces of ℝ4 . Find a basis for 𝑉1 + 𝑉2 and 𝑉1 ∩ 𝑉2 .
6. Check whether the following set 𝐵 is a basis for the corresponding vector space 𝑉
(i) 𝐵 = {(0,0,0), (1, 2, 3), (−1, 0, 1)} for 𝑅 3 .
1 −1 2 1 0 1 1 0
(ii) 𝐵 = {[ ],[ ],[ ],[ ]} for 𝑀2×2 .
1 0 −1 1 1 −1 2 1
(iii) 𝐵 = {1, 1 + 𝑥 3 , 1 + 𝑥 2 } for 𝑃3 (𝑥).
7. Find bases for row space, column space and null space of A. Also, verify the rank-nullity
theorem
1 4 5 6 9  1 0 2 1 0 
 3 2 1 4 1  0 1 3 1 3 
(i) A    (ii) A   
 1 0 1 2 1  2 1 1 1 3 
   
2 3 5 7 8  0 1 3 0 4 
1 2 4 5 3 
 3 1 5 2 4 
(iii) A  
 5 4 6 9 2
 
 6 2 10 4 2 
 Module 6
Inner Product Space
Tutorial sheet