Centre of Mass and Conservation of Linear Momentum 8.

Centre of Mass and Conservation

of Linear Momentum
INTEXT EXERCISE: 1

m0 d L
1. Using carbon atom as origin r = m + 9. Shift in COM is equal to radius of circle = R = 2π
C m0
m1 r1 + m2 r2 + m3 r3 t t t 10. Position of COM from
2. ri = m1 + m2 + m3 = i + j + k
6 ^m2 h
m r + m r + m r3 + m4 r4 m1 = m + m
rf = 1 1m + 2m2 + m3 + m4 =0 1 2
1 2 3
= 4 cm
Using both equations we can find r4
b L lm
3. They meet at COM. 2
11. Initial height of COM = M + m
4 ]20g
r = 4 + 6 = 8m from 6 kg. This is the amount by which COM will fall.

4. Coordinates of C = c 1 ,
3m 12. Required distance
2 2
- t r ] R/2g2 #
R
Coordinates of COM
2
=
m1 r1 + m2 r2 + m3 r3 t ]2Rg - t r ] R/2g2
2
r = m1 + m2 + m3 rR
=
2 ]16 - rg
5. Rods can be replaced by equivalent masses kept at
their CoM
13. m1 = ρ b L l
2
Hence we have two masses 15 kg & 6 kg separated
2
by 4m.
m2 = ρ ] Lgb 2 l = 2m1
6#4 8 L
r = 21 = 7 m from COM of heavier rod.

6. Mass of bigger disc = ρ # 4πR 2

m1 b 4 it + 4 tj l + m2 b 2 it + 4 tj l
Mass of smaller disc = ρ # πR 2 L 3L L L
r = m1 + m2
5L t 5L t
Distance of COM from center of bigger = i+ j
12 12
R ρ ^πR 2h R 14. m1 = ρ π b 2 l
d 2
ρ ^5πR 2h
Disc = = 5
2
m2 = ρ d
7. Center of mass is at mid point of centres A & C.
8. Center of mass lies on the line of symmetry i.e. the Required distance from center of disc
angle bisector and the line joining the mid point of 2
md
rods. = m +2 m
1 1

_td 2 i d 4d
= =
L θ rd
2 4+r
R = 4 cos 2 td 2 + t
4
8.2 Physics
INTEXT EXERCISE: 2
7. Center of mass keeps falling vertically only. No shift
1. 2 m / s. w.r.t. boat in horizontal direction, as explosion is due to the
internal forces.

8. 0 = M ] L - xg + 3 ]- xg & x =
V
M ML = 3L
w.r.t. earth, net external force on the system is zero. M 4
M+ 3
Therefore net linear momentum is conserved.
L
Man walks 4 relative to ground.
50 ]2 - V g + 200 ]- V g = 0
9. Time for particle to hit the ground = t = c L
v +
2L m
g
& 100 = 250 V

100 2
& V = = m/s.
250 5
m1 r1 + m2 r2 - 16it + 17tj + 7kt
2. r cm = m1 + m2 = 4
M ]vt g
3. As net external force acting on the system is zero Horizontal displacement = M + m
during collision, velocity of C.O.M. doesn’t change
before and after the collision. 10. DBCD & DOAD are
similar triangle.
4. VCM = 0 = m ]v - v'g + m ]- v'g
BC DC
mv =
r' = m + m downwards OA OD

m -m
a = d m1 + m2 n g = 3 g
1
5.
1 2

2 ]4g + 1 ]- ag g x 5 1
acm = 3 = 9 3 = 10 = 2

1 1 9 2 3
Distance travelled = 2 acm t 2 = $ 2 = 2.22 m x = 2
2 8
6. Center of mass lands at x = 0 so lower end will be 73
42 + b3 - 2 l =
3 2
,
at x = 2 Distance =
2

INTEXT EXERCISE: 3

mv 2mE Let V’ is velocity of car after firing the shell.

1. Recoil velocity V' = M = M
2. F∆t = Change in momentum M V = ] M - mg V' + m ]V' + v cos ag

= M b Mmv
+ml Given, V' = 0

m1 v1 + m2 v2 MV = mv cos a
3. At any instant, Vcm = m1 + m2
mv cos a
_ m1 v1 ' + m2 v2 ' i - _ m1 v1 + m2 v2 i = ^m1 + m2 h^Vcm ' - Vcm h & V =
M
= ^m1 + m2 h g ^2t0 h 5. Magnitude of change in momentum

4. As external force acting on the system (car + shell)

= m v f - vi
is zero along x-direction, net linear momentum of
the system remains conserved along horizontal
direction. = m ` 2gh2 - _- 2gh1 i j
 Centre of Mass and Conservation of Linear Momentum 8.3
d mu ]2M + 3mg
6. F = P V" = ] + g] + g
dt M 2m M m
3t 2
=^2t 2 + 6 h it + d + 3 n tjG
d Subtracting final velocities in two cases:
=
dt 2 m2 u
V" - V' = ] + g] + g > 0
= 4t it + 3t tj M 2m M m

= t ]5 g units
10. For x,
F
0 = mx ]- vg + 5 ]2 g & υ = 90 = 0.11 m/s.
10
F at t = 2 sec = 10 units.
For y
7. Conservation of linear momentum (along horizontal)
5 ]2g = ^mx + 5 hV
10
]m + 2mg]v g = 2mv' + m ]v'g & V = 125 = 0.08 m/s.

v' = u 11. For bogie A

mb x + mr ]0 g M ^U A h + m ^- UB h = ] M + mg0
8. Distance travelled = ∆xcm = mb + mr
9. For jumping together For bogie B

0 = MV' + 2m ]- u + V'g M ^- UB h + m ^U A h = ] M + mg^- VB h

2mu Solving, we can get U A & UB
V' = M + 2m
For jumping one by one, 12. At the time of insects crossing each other, insects
travels with velocity V opposite to each other w.r.t.
1st jump 0 = ] M + mg V' + m ]- u + V'g ring.
mu
V' = M + 2m let V is velocity of Ring at that instant.

2nd jump ] M + mgV' = MV" + m ]- u + V"g m ]V + v g + m ]V - v g + MV = 0

] M + mgmu i.e. V =0
+ mu
V" = M +M2m+m

INTEXT EXERCISE: 4
1. v2 - v1 = e ^u1 - u2 h e = 1 & V2 - 3 =- 1 ]2 - 4g 3. Conservation of momentum along horizontal

V2 = 5 m/s. ]0.1g]10g = ]0.9 + 0.1g v & v = 1 m/s.

2. By conservation of momentum Now use 2gh = v
m1 v1 + m2 v2 = m1 v0 4. In case of inelastic collision, total linear momentum
v2 - v1 = v0 of the remain conserved but not the linear momentum
of individual particles.
2m v
Solving we get v2 = m +1 m0 5. In case of oblique elastic collision between
1 2

m -m individual bodies with one body initially at rest,

v1 = d m1 + m2 n v0 bodies move along perpendicular directions after
1 2
collision. Therefore, nucleus should have same mass
Fraction of KE transmitted
number as a -particle (u)
1 ^v h2 - 1 2
2 m1 0 2 m1 v1 6. Let initial velocity of 1 is v0
= 1 2
2 m1 v0 mv0 = mv1 + mv2
v 2
= 1 - d v1 n also v2 - v1 = ev0
0
and v2 = 2v1 & V1 = e3V1
4m1 m2
^m1 + m2 h2
=
& e = 1/3
8.4 Physics
7. Also v2 = e v0 cos α
t

9. Impulse = # F dt = m ^v2 - v1 h
0
v ] t g = 6t
2

v ]t = 1g = 6
m ]1 g = 2mv2 cos θ
sec θ
& v2 = 2 v ]t = 0g = 0
Impulse = 2 ]6 - 0g = 12 N-S
mv1 = 2mv2 sin θ & v1 = tan θ

2 mv1 + 2 ]2mg v 2
1 ]1 g2 = 1 2 1 2
Also 2m 10.
Solving θ = 30c

8. P = m v0
- J = m v2
also v2 - v1 = eV0

m - b m l = eb m l
J -J + P P

2J - P 2J
10 & e = P = P -1
10 v0 cos α = 25 v2 & e =
25

EXERCISE - 1

1. COM of body can lie within or outside the body. 6. Let O be the CoM of 6 sided B
2. Distance from base = h/4 arrangement. 2 1
C A
3. C.O.M. refers to the location about which total if 6 th side is removed it becomes a
moment of mass of the system is zero. Any concrete incomplete hexagon 3 O 6
conclusion can’t be made on the number of particles c
D 2 c1
present in a particular region. Let each side be 1 F
4 5
4. COM can lie anywhere, within or at the radius r Let m6 be the cut off (6th sided) E
and m2 be the remaining mass ` m1 x6
x=0 x=L
,
x1 = 2 sin 60c, x2 = ?
5.
if m6 = m; m1 = 5m
Given m = sx + C form
` m b 2 sin 60c l = 5m ]x'g
,
m = 2 - 10x, where x is the distance from end B .

# m]dxg ` x1 = 3 to left of O
XcM = ` Distance of com of 5 sides from edge A (or) F
# dm
# dm = # m]dxg = ;2x - 102x E
2
A

r
# xdm = # xm]dxg = ;x2 - 103x E
3
=

c2 O N

Limits, x: 0 " 0.1m F

# x]dmg 40 C 2' O + ON = C2N

` XcM = = 9 cm
# dm C' O = 3
 Centre of Mass and Conservation of Linear Momentum 8.5
ON = l sin 60c 1
1 # 2 + 2 # 6 10
= ^C' 2 N h + ] AN g2
2 11. vcm = = 3 m/ sec
r 1 + 1/2

m1 v1 + m2 v2
c 3 + 10 3 m + b , l
2 2
= 12. vcm = m1 + m2
2 2
= 3 ]1 + 5g2 + ]5 g2 m ^2 S
i h + m _2Uj i
` vcm = 2m
= 3 ]1 + 5g2 + ]5 g2
m ^i + j h + m ]0 g
acm = 2m
= 108 + 25
vcm has same direction of acm
= 133
` straight line
]nm - mg
r:R 2R
13. a = nm + m g
7. r
]n - 1g
=]
n + 1g
g
Element is a ring ^dm, v, dA h
o

Here dm = v ]dAg
a1 = a2 = a

dA = 2rr ]drg nma - ma ]n - 1g

acm = ] 1 + g 2 = ] + g # a
nm m n 1
]n - 1g2
CoM of element from O is
]n + 1g2
2r acm = g.
YCM = r ; lim r: R " 2R; on integration
14. Center of mass will continue to move on parabolic
# y]dmg 28R path since forces during explosion are internal.
` YCM = = 9r
# dm m1 ^ g h + m2 ^ g h
15. acm = m1 + m2 =g
8. Similar to previous problem
m1 a 1 + m2 a 2 m0 + ma a
# y]dmg 16. a cm = m1 + m2 = ]m + mg = 2
Ycm =
# dm 17. ycm = 0
Here dm = t ]dAg; y = r
2r
1 7
` 8 # 0.14 + 8 # h = 0
t = t0 r
7h =- 0.14 1
dA - 2rr ]drg 8 8 & h = 50 m
below x-axis
lim r
O"R
18. Acceleration of COM does not depend on position
3R of force.
` Ycm = 2r
19. Centre of mass is influenced by the same external
9. force (gravity) in both cases.
Hence, COM does not shift,
# x dA h
ycm = m
20. V2 = d m +1m n vrel here m1 = m; m2 = 4m vrel = u
=
# dA 3 1 2

m1 v1 + m2 v2
, 21. Child : m1, v1 Trolley : m2, v2 V cm = m1 + m2
10. x = 2 cos θ
Given V12 = u = v1 - v2
,
y = 2 sin θ ` v 1 = u + v 2 =- u + v
m2 v 2
x2 + y2 = b 2 l
, 2 Consider m1 << m2 Vcm = m +
1 m2 - v 2 = v
8.6 Physics
22. Only Fext is due to gravity. COM changes position 32. m1 2gh + 0 = ^m1 + m2 hv
along vertical.
m1 2gh
23. 500 # 10 = 550 # v
^m1 + m2 h
v=
500 100
v = 55 = 11 m/s 2 2 h h gh
` v - u + 2g # 9 = 6 + 2g # 4 = 2
24. Vcom = V cos θ
m ]0 g + mv2 gh
V cos θ = 2m `v= 2
v2 = 2V cos θ
25. K1 = K2 gh m 2gh
Also, 2 = m1 + m2 & 2m1 + m1 + m2
P12 P22 P1 m1 1 m
` m1 = 1
2m1 2m2 = P2 =
= m2 = 2 2
v
33. mv = 100 mv' & v' = 100
26. Mv = m. 0 + ] M - mg v '
4 3 1
34. M A = ρ # 3 πr e= 2
mv
v' = ] - g
MB = ρ # 3 π ]2rg3 = 8M A
M m 4
27. F∆t = m _Vf - Vi i
m A v + 0 = m A v1 + mB v2 .....(i)
28. Area of F - t curve = A = impulse
ev = v2 - v1 .....(ii)
Impulse = ∆P = A = MV - 0
v 3v
A Adding (i) + (ii) = 9v2 = v + 2 = 2
`v= M
v v v v v
v1 = v2 - 2 = 6 - 6 - 2 =- 3
29. From momentum conservation
v1 v/3
mu = 2mv ` v2 = v/6 = 2
u
&v= 2 35. In perfectly elastic collisions, KE is conserved.
from energy conservation
36. Heavier ball continues to move with same speed v
and lighter ball moves with 2v .
1 # bul
2

2 2m # 2 = 2 mgh
37. mu = mv1 + mv2
2
u
& h = 8g
u = v1 + v2 .....(i)

30. use m1 v1 = m2 v2 = P v2 - v1
u =e .....(ii)
v
on solving we have v1 = b 1 + e l
1 1 1-e
K.E. = 2 mv12 + 2 m2 v22
2

P ^m2 + m1 h
2 38. If mass = m
= 12 m1 c m m + 12 m2 c m m
P 2 P 2
= 12 m1 m2
1 2 first ball will stop & v = 0
so K.E. = 0 (min)
31. 0.05 # v p + m # 0 = 5.05 v
( K.E. can’t be negative)
vf 0.05
` v = 5 = 10 2
- 39. v2 = 2v1
i

1 _v i2 ]1 + egu1 = 2 ]1 - egu1
m f
& 21 = ^10 -2h = 10 -4
2

^ vi h2
1
m e= 3
2
 Centre of Mass and Conservation of Linear Momentum 8.7
dm vr dm
40. F = µ dt ` since vr = 0 so Ft = dt = 0
dm
210 = 300 # dt dv
Fnet = m dt
dm =
& 0.7 kg/s
F + 0 = ^m0 - λt h dt
dt dv
41.
F = ^m0 - λt h dt
dv
`

Relative velocity of sand along horizontal is zero.

EXERCISE - 2

2 rR
2
- ] L + b ln b - xg0L
1. A1 = rR A2 = =
16 - ln ]b - xg0L

3R l
x1 = 0 x2 = XCM = b -
ln b b - l l
4 b
2
rR 3R
0- # 4. Since no external force is acting on the system hence
16 4 R
xcen = =- VCM of box plus ball remain constant.
rR
2 20
rR 2 -
16 5. An external force of 3m ω 2 R is required which can
2. A1 = 2r # r = 2r 2 F net
act anywhere on system as a cm = m
total
πr 2 6. When cylinder reaches pt B
A2 = 2

r 4r
x1 = 2 x2 = 3π
Then block get shifted by x
r rr
2
4r B
2
2r # - # Since there is no external
2 2 3r force, C.O.M. remain at its position
xcm = 2
rr
2r 2 - 6]R - rg - x@ m = Mx
2
2
r <1 - F m ]R - rg
3
3 2r ` x = M+m
3 54 - r?
= =
4-r
r2 < F 7. Using momentum conservation
2
mv
3. MV = mv V = M .....(i)
A B
Using energy equation
x=0 x=l
mg ]R - rg = 2 mv 2 + 2 Mv 2
1 1
# x]dmg
XcM = here dm = µ ]dxg 2g ] R - r g
# dm On solving we get v = m
M ]m + M g

L
a 8.
# x
b-x
dx
0 Mg + R
xcm = L
acm = M
a
# b-x
dx
0
8.8 Physics
9. Since there is no ext. force on system V1, cm = V1 - V cm

m2 ^V1 it - V2 it h
=
m1 + m2
2 2
m2 V1 + V2
m ]R - xg + m ]- xg = 0 V1, cm =
m1 + m2
x = R/2
m1 m2 V12 + V22
10. Taking the origin at the centre of plank P 1, cm =
m1 + m2
40 kg 60 kg

P12cm P 22cm
A B

15. KEtotal = KE1cM + KE2cM = 2m + 2m

1 2
smooth
40 kg

= 2 b m 1+ m
1 m m2 l^ 2
(fpduk)
60 cm
v1 + v22h
1 2

1
16. x = 2 aCM t 2 Ft = m 2gh
x

17. MV cm = m1 V1 + m2 V2 + m3 V3 + ...

m1 ^, 0 - x h + ^m2 - m1 h]- xg + m2 ] xg
m1 3 x1 + m2 3 x2 + m3 3 x3 = 0 (a3 xCM = 0)
18. ∆xcm =
60 ]0 g + 40 ]60g + 40 ]- xg = 0, x is the displacement 2m2
of the block m1 , 0
=
& x = 60 cm i.e. A & B meet at the right 2m2
mL
2 ] M + mg
end of the plank 19. Initial height of COM of the system is it
11. yCM = 0 as internal forces doesn’t influence the shifts downwards as water spreads on tray finally.

20. mv S
i + mvjU + 2mv 3 = 0
motion of C.O.M.
m 3m
i + vjU i
_ vS
yCM = y1 + y y1 =+ 15
=- V2 _ Si +Uj i =- v
4 4 2
v 3 =- 2
` y2 =- 5cm 2
1 1 1 v2
12. Centre of mass will move in a vertical line if k f = 2 mv 2 + 2 mv 2 + 2 2m 2
v1 cos θ1 = v2 cos θ 2 . Otherwise for any other values
3mv 2
it will follow a parabolic path. kf = 2

m1 v1 + m2 v2 21 Pi = mv1 + mv2
13. vCOM = m1 + m2
p f = ]m + M g v

= 10 10
# 14 + 4 # 0 mv + Mv
+4 Pi = Pf & v = ] 1 + g2
m M
= 10 m/s
By energy conservation

2 mv1 + 2 Mv2 = 2 ] M + mgv + 2 kx

14. Closed system & Fext = 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

v 1 = v1 Si ; v 1 = v1Uj
^mv1 + mv2 h2
let
& mv + Mv = ] M + mg
2 2
+ kx 2
] M + mg2
m1 v 1 Si + m2 v 2Uj
1 2
m1 v 1 + m2 v 2
solving x = ^v1 - v2 h
V CM = V cM = mM
m1 + m2 m1 + m2 ] M + mg k
 Centre of Mass and Conservation of Linear Momentum 8.9
22. At maximum elongation, both the blocks attain same 1 1 1 1
velocity. 6 2 2 + 3 2 2 = kx 2 + ]9 g 1 2
2 2 2 2
m ]2k g = mV + mV & x = 30 cm
& V =k
27. Velocity of the system just after the collision
1 1 1
m ^ 4k 2 h = kx 2 + 2 d mV n mv
2
2 2 2 mv0 = ]m + M g V & V = ] +0 g
m M
23. In COM frame
Using work energy theorem
Initially
3 K = WAll = Wg + WN + WS (Assume friction force
is absent)

0 - 2 ]m + M g V 2 = 0 + 0 - 2 K X 2 max
1 1

when spring is relaxed again.

m 2 v02 mv02
]m + M g = K X max K ] M + mg
2
& Xmax =

28. If we treat the train as a half ring of mass 'M' then

2v 2R
At this moment the velocity of C is max = 3 and its COM will be at a distance π from the centre of
V
velocity of A + B is to right. the circle. Velocity of centre of mass is:
6
24. JT = mu - 2mv VCM = RCM .ω

π .ω = π b R l ba ω = V l
JT = 3mV 2R 2R V
R
V = 4/5 2V 2MV
= VCM = MVCM =
r & r
Impulse imparted by tension force to block of mass
3m
As the linear momentum of any system = MVCM
= 3mV = 3mu
5 2MV
` the linear momentum of the train π
25.
29. For the striker:

0 = ]2g2 - 2 ]0.2g]10g s
2

& s = 1m
u - velocity of shell with respect to gun From A and B:
In horizontal direction F ext = 0 , so centre of mass
move with constant velocity in horizontal plane
] M + mgv0 = m ^v0 + u cos α h
2 2
d n +d n =
1 1 1 =1
S AB = 4 2m
2 2 2 2
mu cos α
V0 = M
1
26. Linear momentum is conserved Similarly: SBC = 2 m

6 ]2 g - 3 ]1 g = ]6 + 3g v
` The striker stops at the point C having coordinates
V = 1 m/s.
d n.
& 1 1
,
2 2 2
Apply W.E.T.
8.10 Physics
30. p1 = 2 2 2
p 2 + p3 + p 4

p12 p 2 + p 2 + p 42
= 2 2m3
Vel. of Sep = Vel of approach ]` elasticg
K.E1 = 2m = E0 + E0 + E0

` 20 + 5 = V' - 5 Total energy = 3E0 + E0 + E0 + E0 + E0 = 6E0

& V' = 30 m/s 2d

34. t = v (time for successive collision)
0

N # t = dP = mv0 - ^- mv0 h
31.

2d
N # v = 2mv0
0

mv02
`N= d
along line of impact
35. Velocity of the ball on striking = 2gh
After that ball goes to height less than ]hg due to
inelastic collission 2g ]h - d g

` 2g ]h - d g = e 2gh
3V 5
coefficient of restitution e = 6 + 3 = 9 .....(i) h 1
h - d = e2 h & d = 2
5 1-e
` V= 3 v sin θ
36. e =
Velocity perpendicular to the line of impact remain 2gh cos θ
same Apply conservation of momentum

m 2gh sin θ = mv cos θ .....(i)

e 2gh cos θ # m = mv cos θ .....(ii)

tan θ =
2m = 3 Si + 4Uj
-5 e cot θ
final velocity of for m,
V= 3 S
10 - U 2
` e = tan θ on solving
i 8j
Loss in K.E. = Ki - K f
Ki - K f
% Loss = Ki # 100
32. I. Since velocity of both R and S is positive they
will move in same direction. 37. Here e = 1
II. At mid point velocities of R and S are same. If ball rebound elastically
vLOI = uLOI
III. Change in velocity of R is small as compare
to change in velocity of S . But change in ` Along line of impact momentum conservation
momentum is same for both in magnitude.
Hence mass of R should be greater than S . # Ndt = mv - ]- mug = mv + mu = 2mu
Hence all three are correct.
Along LOI
33. Using momentum conservation
uLOI = u cos θ
p1 + p 2 + p + p 4 = 0
= 2gh cos θ
p 1 =- p 2 - p 3 - p 4
J = 2m cos θ. 2gh
 Centre of Mass and Conservation of Linear Momentum 8.11
38. v1 = v 43. After collision by momentum conservation

d Along y-axis
and v2 = ev and t = v
avg
0 = 0 + mv2 sin i - mv3 sin i
2 2, 1 = e
3v= , , 3 e+1 & v2 = v3
v + ev
Get e = 0.5 Ans. Along x-axis

39. 2v cos θ = 3v y
mv = 0 + mv2 cos θ + mv3 cos θ
vy 2
v cos θ = 3 v 1
v2 = 2 cos θ
vy 2
Also e = v cos θ = 3 v
so, v2 = v3 > 2 a cos θ < 1

40. In x direction: Applying conservation of momentum 44. mu = mv1 cos θ + 2mv2 cos φ .....(i)

mv1 sin θ = 2mv2 sin φ .....(ii)

mu = 2mv cos 30c
u u 2b1 2
l 1 2
v = 2 cos 30c = 3 2 mu = 2 2mv2 .....(iii)
3
v u 1 b1 l 1
# 2
2 2
Also e = u cos 30c = 3 2 mu = 2 m v1 .....(iv)
3u 3
v1
2
` e= 3 m

m 2m
41. During 1st collision u
perpendicular 2m
component of V, V=
becomes e times, while v2
parallel component Vz
remains unchanged
and similarly for Solving equations
second collision. The v1 = v2 = u/ 3
end result is that both
θ + φ = 120c
Vz and V= becomes e times their initial value and
hence V" =- ev (the ]-g sign indicates the reversal and θ = 90c
of direction)
45. v = 2gH
42.

2h = 2 # 20 = mu - 2mu = mv1 + 2mv2

t AB = g 10 2 sec
or - u = v1 + 2v2
Before collision at B
or 2v2 + v1 =- u .....(i)
Vx = 10 m/s Vy = 20 m/s
and v2 - v1 = 2u .....(ii)
After collision at B
on solving (i) and (ii) we get
' ' 1
V = 10 m/s
x V = eVy = 2 # 20 = 10 m/s
y
u - 5u
2V y
' v2 = 3 and v1 = 3
tBC = g = 2 sec
25H H
` H1 = 9 , H2 = 9
T = t AB + tBC = 4 sec
8.12 Physics
46. we have v2 - v1 = 2v - v 49. P = Fv = v 2 λgt + λv3, P - as t -
or v1 = 0 ^v2 = v h
P max = v g b v, l + λv = ,λgv + λv
2 3 3
so
W = 2 m _v1 - u1 i = 2 m # 4v
1 2 2 1 2
`
= 2mv 2 50. For 'v' remain constant, net pulling force on the
chain should be zero.
47. Neglecting gravity
m Thrust u + weight of left side of the chain = p
v = u,n d m0 n
t
+ Weight of right side of the chain
u = ejection velocity w.r.t. baloon.
& ρv 2 + ρgh = P + ρyg
m0 = initial mass
` P = ρv 2 + ρg ^h - y h
mt = mass at any time t
m 51.
= 2,n d m /02 n = 2,n2.
0

F - mg = dt v + 0 b m dt = 0 l
dm dv
48.
dm
P - µρgx - v dt = ma
F = mg + v dt , ]m = vtλg
dm
52. Force exerted = dt ^V0 + v h = λV0 ^V0 + v h
dm
= vtmg + v2 m

P = Fv = v 2 λgt + λv3
T

# P dt
0
<P> = T

= v 2 λg b T2 l + λv3 5` T = ,/v?

λ,vg 3
<P> = 2 + λv
EXERCISE - 3

Numerical Type 2. Applying momentum conservation,

(80) 1 + 60 (- 2) = (80 + 60 + 100) v
1
1. mgh = mn2 ⇒ n = 2gh - 40 1
2 v= =- m/s.
240 6
v/3 M
3. Mass of removed part = , where M is the mass
m 4
2m of disc.
v/3 Centre of mass (x-coordinate)
M R M 3R
M # 0 + d- n# + #
1 o 2 gh h 4 2 4 2 2R
Now, 2 mgl' - mgl' = (3m) d n & gl' = = =
M
=
8
= 5 cm
2 3 3 3
 Centre of Mass and Conservation of Linear Momentum 8.13
4. Let the velocity of m w.r.t. M be n. o2 200
8. R = g = = 20 m
By momentum conservation, along horizontal 10
direction, Number of collision 10 2 m/s
- MV + m(n cos 60° - V) = 0 20
= = 6.667
1 3 45o
- 2.4 × 0.2 + d o # - 0.2 n = 0 ⇒ n=6
2 R
o
- 4.8 + - 0.2 = 0
2 9. For motion of centre of mass by using
v = 10 m/s. 1 2
s = ut + at , we have
5. When deformation is maximum, both the particles 2
are moving with same velocity. So applying
momentum conservation, - 25 = 20 t - 5t2

m1n1 + m2n2 = m1n1’ + m2n1’ ⇒ t2 - 4t - 5 = 0 ⇒ t = 5 s

m1 o1 + m 2 o 2 m
& o1' =
m1 + m 2
Applying energy conservation,
20 m/s
1 1
m1 o12 + m 2 o 22 = (m1 + m 2) (o1' ) 2 + OU deformation 2m
2 2
1 m1 m 2 100

25 m
& OU deformation = # (o1 - o 2) 2 =
2 (m1 + m 2) 3
⇒ n1 - n2 = 10 m/s 40 m/s
m
6. Note that the centre of mass of a uniform thick
triangular sheet is at the centroid which divides a 10.
median in a ratio 2:1. The required centre of mass
must be on the line of symmetry passing through
O and the vertex to the right. Consider the shape
2 kg 4 kg
of arrowhead be obtained by cutting the triangular
part to the left (with base 6 cm and height 3 cm) x x
from the uncut triangular sheet with base 6 cm and Centre of mass doesn’t shift.
L L
height 9 cm. The ratio of masses of these two is 3:1, ` 2 d - + x n + 6x + 4 d + x n = 0
the thickness being uniform. 2 2
L
`x= =2m
12
x1 x2
v sin 30o v sin 30o
m1 O m2
v v
30o
m 2 x 2 - m1 x1 11. v2
v cos 30o
xcm = m - m = -1 cm ⇒ COM is right of O.
2 1

10 m s-1 10 m s-1 v1
7.
mn cos30° = mn2 + 2mn1 ....(i)
10 m s-1 1 o1 - o 2
e= = ....(ii)
Just before Collision Just after Collision 2 o cos 300
3o
Vertical velocity just before collision, On solving (i) and (ii), n1 =
4
o y = 2gh = 2 # 10 # 5 = 10 = 10 m s-1
⇒ Kinetic energy of ball just after collision
1
= # 1 # 10 2 = 50 J
2
8.14 Physics
1 1 ML/2 L
12. ΔE = mv 20 - (M + m) v 2 17. Shift = M + M = 4
2 2
mv0 = (m + M)v
18. Momentum in the direction of velocity of B is
2 3
1 2 1 m v0 conserved
ΔE = mv0 -
2 2 M+m mV0 = 3mv
1 M
= mv02 d n 19. Conservation of momentum along incident
2 m+M
1 4 direction, mx1 = 2mv2 cos θ
= d n (10) 2
2 5 & 2V2 cos θ = 1 .....(1)
= 2 × 20
In perpendicular direction
E0 = ΔE = 40 J
Alternative solution m # 0 + 2m # 0 = mv1 - 2mv2 sin θ
In centre of mass frame
v1 = 2v2 sin θ .....(2)
1 1
ΔE = n (v rel) i2 - n (v rel) f2
2 2 1 ]1 g2 = 1 2 1 2
(v rel) i = v 0, (v rel) f = 0
and 2m 2 mv1 + 2 # 2mv2
1 mM & 2v22 + v12 = 1 .....(3)
ΔE = d nv2 - 0
2 m+M 0 From 1, 2 & 3 we get θ = 30c
13. 0 = m [l - l1 + x] + Mx
20.
(l - l1) m
` ; x ;= =3
M+m
14. xcm = 0
x of 3m = - 3 P
(!3, 25)
Collision with vertical wall occurs at position of
maximum height of the particle.
5
at ‘A’ before collision $ u cos i

(9, 20) at ‘A’ after collision # eu cos i

12
at ‘B’ before collision eu cos i #.
L = 122 + 52 u sin i
= 13 cm eu sin i
-
L at ‘B’ after collision eu cos i #
15. 50 (L-x) - 150 x = 0 ⇒ 50 L - 200 x = 0 ⇒ x =
4
L
Similarly in y direction : y = CO = OB + BC
4

L 20 2 u 2 sin i cos i eu cos i ]u sin ig 2e 2 u 2 sin i cos i

S= 2
x +y & S = 2
= = 10 g = g + g
2 2 2 2
& 1 = e + 2e 2
16. F = m1a
2
25 × 60 = m1 × 2 & 2e + 2e - e - 1 = 0
⇒ m1 = 750
& ]2e - 1g]e + 1g = 0
m = 750 + 25 × 3.5 × 60
m = 750 + 5250 = 6000 & e = 1/2
 Centre of Mass and Conservation of Linear Momentum 8.15
21. Just before collision, speed of any ball, 1 2
24. v1 = 3 2gh , v2 = 3 2gh
v = 2gh
v1 + v2 1
Just after collision m1 moves up with v while m2 Vcm = 2 = 2 2gh
moves down with v 2
v 1 2gh h
v' - v = hcm = 2gcm = 2g # 4 = 4
v - ]- vg
After their collision, e = 1
speed of m2 , i.e., V' is 3v 25. v

R
O = ]3vg2 - 2gh'
2 u 2R

2
9v
& h' = 2g 2 2
v
cos
2 3
9v
& h' = 2g
Let u be the initial velocity of big disc and v be
2 the final velocity of small disc from the law of
9v
& H = d + 2g = d + 9h = 5 + 45 = 50 conservation of linear momentum.

22. v2 - v1 = 0.5 # 10 .....(1) mu = 2mv cos θ .....(1)

and v1 + v2 = 10 .....(2)
v -v v
` v1 = 2.5 m/s And e = u2 - u1 = u cos θ .....(2)
1 2

and v2 = 7.5 m/s . Ball II after moving 10m collides 1

From 1 & 2 we get e = = 9
with ball III elastically and stops. But ball I moves 2 cos 2 θ 16
towards ball II. Time taken between two consecutive
collision

10 10
t = v = 2.5 = 4 sec
1

2Mu = 43u
23. V2 =
bM + M l
2
2M
V3 = M 2 M v2 = b 3 l j
4 2
b l
2 + 4

Similarly V5 = b 34 l u = 5gr
4

& u = b 4 l 5 # 10 # 2 = 3 m/s
3 4

EXERCISE - 4

1. Since all the surfaces are smooth, no external force R/2

2. sin θ = R ; θ = 30c
is acting on the system in horizontal direction.
Therefore, the centre of mass of the system in
horizontal direction remains stationary.

But large sphere moves to right by a distance x

4M ] xg + M ] x - 10Rg = 0 Both have equal mass it means along LOI particle

transfer it velocity to disc which is v cos i .
x = 2R 3V
so VD = V cos θ = V cos 30c = 2
8.16 Physics
3. 6. Center of mass remains stationary as there is no
horizontal external force.
7. 0 = m1 ^- urel + V h + MV + m2 ^urel + V h
md
8. m1 travells a distance m +2 m
1 2
When the string becomes tight, both particles
begin to move with velocity components v in the 1 c F m 2 = m2 d
direction AB . Using conservation of momentum in ` 2 m1 t m1 + m2
the direction AB . mu cos 30c = mv + mv
V1 + V2
u 3 9. Vcm = 2 = 2it + 2tj
or v = 4

Hence the velocity of ball A just after the jerk is Clearly V cm a cm

u 3
v= 4
a = b 2 + 1 lg = 3
2-1 g
10.

2 ]ag - 1 ]ag g
4. Before first collision:
acm = 3 = a m/s 2
VA = 2 Vit
1 2
After first collision ∆xcm = 2 acm t

11. Let v1 be the velocity of car (with person B ) to the

right, when person A jumps off the car. Then

0 = ] M + mgv1 + m ^v1 - u h

mu
v1 = M + 2m
After second collision
Let V2 be the velocity of the car to the right when the
second person B jumps off the car to the right with
velocity 'u' with respect to car, then

] M + mgv1 = Mv2 + m ^u + v2 h
mu mu
` v2 = M + 2m - M + m

So VAC = VA - VC =] m2 u
M + 2mg] M + mg
= V it + 3v tj
2 2 2 2 12. the string will become taut when the particle will fall
5. Similar to previous problem through a distance 2m in downward direction

# y]dmg J = mu - 0 = 1 # 2 # 10 # 2 = 6.32 kg m/s

Ycm =
# dm
here dm = t ]dAg; y = r
2r

t = t0 r
dA " 2rr ]dr g
lim r
O"R
3R
` Ycm = 2r
 Centre of Mass and Conservation of Linear Momentum 8.17
13. At the bottom most point, just before collision 16-17. J1 cos θ = j2

Vm = 4ga and V2m = 0 - mv + J1 sin θ = mv

1 #
Vm1 = f m - 2 2m p 4 ga = 0
m + 2m

1 #
v2m = f m + 2 m p 4ga = 2 4ga
1 1
m + 2m

After second impact, Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii) we get

J2 = 2mv cot θ
1 #
Vm = f 2m + 2 2m pc - m =- ga
11 4ga J1 = 2mv cosec θ
m + 2m 2
18. Apply conservation of momentum along AC :
Similarly 13l

ga 2
v 2" m =- 2 2m m
5l
A B

_v m" i _v m" i
2 2 V1
a a 26v
` hm = 2g = 2 , h2m = 2g = 8 12l

14. Total time = t0 + 2t0 e + 2t0 e 2 + ..... d t0 = n

2h
m C
g V1
2h 1 + e 2vsin
= g 1-e
total distance m ]26vg cos θ = ]2m + mg v1
Average Speed =
total time v1 = 8v
2
1+e So velocity of A is 8 v and velocity of B is
gh 1 - e 2 gh 1 + e 2
= = = ]26v sin θg2 + v12
2 1+e 2 (1 + e) 2
1-e = 2 41 v

19. In first case : ]m + mgv1 = mv0 & V1 = 20

15. From the law of conservation of momentum, we get V

mu = ]m + kmg vc In second case

mu u
& vC = ] + g = k + 1
k 1 m - # Tdt = ]m + mgv - mv0 .....(i)
From law of conservation of energy we get
# Tdt = 2mv0 .....(ii)
1 ]k + 1g 2
1 2 u
]k + 1g2
2 mu = 2 m + mgh From Eqs. (i) and (ii)
4mv = mv0
& 2 :1 - k + 1 D = gh
u2 1
v
v = 40 and required ratio = 2
2gh 51 + k ?
&
u2 = k
2gh ]k + 1g
u = k
8.18 Physics
V2
20. 23. V1
v
V0
C
60
vB x
hB h 1m
y
45
D 1m E S A
After collision balls exchange their velocities
v0 = 2gh = 2 # 9.8 # 1.5 = 5.42 m/s
` VA = 2gh , VB = 2gh # 4h = 2 2gh v -1
v1 = v2 = 0 = 3.83 ms
2
VA2 2
= 2g = h and hB = h + V
#3
hA 4 # 2g ev2 = 0.8 # 3.83
6gh # 3 = 3 m/s
= h + 8g = 134h
hA ` Component of velocity in horizontal direction
4
` hB = 13 after collision,
v1 + ev2
21. m A u = m A v1 cos θ + mB v2 cos θ and vx = = 4.83 ms -1 and
2
m A v1 sin θ = mB v2 sin θ v1 v + ev2
.v y = 1 = 0.59 ms -1
` m A v1 = mB v2 2
u
!
let 't' be the time taken by the particle to move from
v1 = 2 cos θ u
C to A , then
mA u
!
2
v2 = 2m cos θ 1 = 0.59t + 4.9t
B
from the law of conservation of energy v2 or t = 0.4 sec .
1 1 u2 ` DA = vx t = 4.83 # 0.4 = 1.93 m
2 m A u 2
= 2 m A
# 2 + 12 mB
4 cos θ S = DA - DE = 1.93 - 1 = 0.93 m
2 2
mA u
# 24. Mass of the cart at position x = m0 - ρx
4m B cos 2 θ
2

1 mA vrel = 0, Fext = p
& 1 = +
4 cos 2 θ 4mB cos 2 θ
dv dM
m we have M dt = Fext + Vrel dt
2 + 2 cos 2θ = 1 + mA
mA
B
& ^m0 - ρx ha = p + 0
& mB = 1 + 2 cos 2θ p
or a = m - ρx
22. If coeff. of restitution is e , 0

v sin β = eu cos θ and v cos θ = u sin θ

#0 x m0pdx
V
# vdv = - ρx dx
tan β v0
e = cot θ & tan β = e cot θ
2 2p m0
^m0 - ρx h
& v 2 = v0 + ρ ln
u
2p m0
v02 + ρ ln
^ 0 - ρx h
& v =
m
F
^m0 - λt h
25. a = or
v
m
#0 t m dt- λt or v = λ d ln m -0 λt n
F
As e < 1, tan β < cot θ or 90c - β < θ #
0
v
dv =
0 0

& θ + β > 90c

 Centre of Mass and Conservation of Linear Momentum 8.19
λhg gh gh 37. v cos φ = u cos θ
26. we have a = = l & v dv
dl = l
λl
v sin φ = eu sin θ
v 2 = c l0 m
or gh ln
2 h v 2 = u cos 2 θ + e 2 sin 2 θ

or v = 2gh ln c 0 m
l v = u ^1 - sin 2 θh + e 2 sin 2 θ
h
` v = u 1 - ^1 - e 2h sin 2 θ
27. x coordinate of all particles can’t be only positive
or negative if COM is at origin. tan φ = e tan θ
28. Mass distribution must be non uniform & not I = m ^VLOI - uLOI h
= m ]eu sin θ + u sin θg
symmetric.

= mu ]1 + eg sin θ
29. Fext = macm = 0 & acm = 0 but may have uniform
motion.
1 2 1
30. In elastic collision (absence of external forces) linear ki = 2 mu k f = 2 mv 2
momentum & KE are conserved.
kf 1/2mv 2 =
31. Conservation of momentum is not valid in option (a) ki = cos 2 θ + e 2 sin 2 θ
1/2mu 2
& (d)
38. u1 = v, v1 =- ]v + 2ug e = 1
32. Internal forces do not change the total linear
momentum of system, but may increase the KE 5N.dt? = m ^v1 - u1 h

33. For elastic collisions of bodies with equal mass N.dt = m ]+ v + 2u + vg

velocities are exchanged. N.dt = 2m ]u + vg
34. F ext = ma cm ! 0 & a cm ! 0 2m ]u + vg
N = dt
Vcm may or may not be zero. u1 = v v1 = 2u + v
2 2 2
P m v
35. K.E = ] + g = ] + g 1 2 1 2
2 M m 2 M m 3 k = 2 mv1 - 2 mu1

= 12 6m ]2u + vg2 - v 2@
36.
= m2 64u + v + 4uv - v @
2 2 2

V
= 2mu ]u + vg
mv = nv'm & v' = n

Time for first collision is

39.
L
t1 = V (2nd block)
2nd collisions Pi = mv ] i g Pf = ]m + mgv'
2, At maximum compression
t2 = V = 2t1 (3rd block)
Pi = Pf v' = v/2
So t = t1 + 2t1 + 3t1 + 4t1 .......... (n - 1) t1
By energy compression
]n - 1g]n - 1 + 1g n ]n - 1g
2 mv + 0 = 2 ]2mg]v g + 2 kx
= 2 = 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
So t = 2V n ]n - 1g
L
mv 2 m
kx 2 = 2 & x = 2k # v
at maximum compression
1 v2 2
k = 2 # 2m # 4 & k = mv'
= mv 2 /4
8.20 Physics
F 45. Acceleration of individual particles depends on
40. a = m for elastic collision, e = 1
internal forces also.
v12 = 0 + 2ad RF ext
But a cm = m
2F 2Fd total
vb12 = m .d vb1 = m ^amax hcommon = 0.5m/s
2
46.
2Fd 3t
After collision vb1 = 0 & Vb2 = m = 0.5m/s 2
15
41. Internal forces do not change the total linear t = 2.5 s
momentum of system, but may increase the KE
So for time 0 # t # 2.5 s, both blocks will move
42. If the man walks along the rails, some velocity say together.
V is imparted to car also. Let M be the mass of car.
Then from conservation of linear momentum dvCM 3t t
= =
dt 15 5
M.V = m ]v - V g 2
t
mv vCM =
` V = m+M 10
^2.5 h2
6.25
` work done by man vCM = = = 0.625 m/s
10 10
= 12 m ]v - V g2 + 12 MV 2 3#5
aCM = = 1 m/s 2
15
= 12 m b MMv
+ m l + 2 Mb M + m l
1 mv
2 2
47. Consider the wire at time t as shown in diagram

= 2 b m + M l v2 < 2 mv2
1 mM 1 ` x-coordinate ^ XC h of centre of mass of moving
part will be
Hence, option (a) is correct. If the man moves norml
to the rails then car will not move. Hence, work done
1
by him in the case will be 2 mv 2 and option (b) is
also correct.

43.

3x
XC = 4
For equilibrium of 1 on 2 the COM of 1 must be on dX
VC = dtC = 4 b dt l = 4 V
3 dx 3
top of right edge of 2. `

For equilibrium of combination of 1 & 2 the Linear momentum ] PC g of moving part is

combined COM must be on the right edge of 3.
PC = mV = b 2 l V
x
,
i.e. x= 4
For equilibrium the COM of 1, 2 & 3 must be on the ` net force on moving part is
right edge of 4.
dP
F = dtC = 2 b dt l = 2
V dx V2
2My = M b 2 - y l
,

y =6
, Which is also minimum required force.
, , , 11,
Total over hang = 2 + 4 + 6 = 12

44. Definition and properties of COM

 Centre of Mass and Conservation of Linear Momentum 8.21
48. Out of A, B, C, D any three may be collinear but
fourth non-collinear, hence P may coincicle with
one of them. 2

(2) Characteristic of COM

(3) P may lie within any one Triangle by geometry. 6

49. Center of mass keeps falling down with acceleration

2h
g and reaches the ground after time g
50. Fext 0 along horizontal, so, linear momentum
=
conserved along horizontal. F
55. The acceleration of the centre of mass is aCOM = 2m
51. For 1st buggy
this displacement of the centre of mass at time t will
] M + mgv0 = MVrear + m ^u + Vrear h 1 Ft
2
be x = 2 aCOM t 2 = 4m
For 2nd buggy
Mv0 + m ^u + Vrear h = ] M + mgv front
56-57.
Suppose the displacement of the first block is x1 and
52. After jerk is being applied that of the second is x2 . Then,
3!
v sin θ becomes 0. Impulse h !
2 mx1 + mx2 2
x +x
applied by string = mv sin θ 2 Ft
300 x= 2m or 4m = 1 2 2
!
3 3g , vsin Ft
2
= 0.1 g, # 2 = 2 v cos or, x1 + x2 = 2m .....(i)
v 2 gh gl
53. Momentum of the system is Further, the extension of the spring is x1 - x2 .
always conserved. Therefore x1 - x2 = x2
P.E. of the system is max. when both the particles
From Eqs. (i) and (ii) x1 = 2 c Ft - x0 m
2
1
move with same velocity. As mass becomes doubled, 2m
while momentum is const.
58. During collision, forces act along line of impact. As
K = 2m ]org Kα m i.e., at this moment
2
P 1 collision is elastic and both the balls have same mass,
velocities are exchanged along the line of impact.
E therefore ball B moves with velocity VB z , that is
K.E. becomes half (or) 2 , the rest is in the form of
elastic P.E. equal to u cos 30c . Ball A moves perpendicular to
the line of impact with velocity VA = = u cos 60c .
54. Impulse is change in momentum. Hence, Along the line of impact, ball A does not have any
2 _v2 - v1 i = 2 _3 S
i +Uj i
velocity after the collision. therefore velocity of ball
A in vector form after the collision.
y
As impulse is in the normal direction of colliding VA
surface. 30°
VA|| u
x
1 30°
tan θ = 3 R

θ = tan 1 b 3 l
- 1 60°
VB||

α = 90c + tan 1 b 3 l
- 1
= VA = cos 60ci + VA = cos 30cj

= ]u cos 60cg cos 60ci + ]u cos 60cg cos 30cj

= ^i + 3 j hm/s
3
= 4. 12 . 12 i + 4. 12 . 2 .j
8.22 Physics
59. Using impulse - momentum equation for ball B Now, each of ball B and C received impulse 'I' as
shown in fig, but moves horizontally as its vertical
x
comp. gets balanced by impulse imparted to ball
N dt
B and C by the respective strings and hence
VB||

B I cos θ = M A VA = MB VB

# nN dt = p f - pi and as p i = 0 Ma
& V' c = Vc - 2 Mc VA

# N dt = p f = - 2 m/s (-ve sign indicates that it is directed

= ]mu cos 30cg cos 30i - ]mu cos 30cg cos 60cj
upwards)

62. Impulse provided by each string

3 3 3
= m.r. 2 . 2 .i - m.4. 2 . 12 .j
I cos θ = 6Ns
= ^3mi - 3 mj h kg m s velocity of separation
60. Suppose V2 is velocity of ball B along the line of 63. e = velocity of approach
impact and V1 is velocity of ball A along the line of
2 +d n
impact, after the collision, as shown. 3
2
= = 12
then 5 2
64. From the law of conservation of linear momentum
1 ^Velocity of approach h
2 = Velocity of separation
Mv0
v=
1; 3 E= -
V2 V1 b M + mx l
2 2 .u .....(1) L
v02
65. We have a = v b dx l = L .
dv mM 2
Conserving momentum along the line of impact
b M + mx l
3

L
3 66. The tension in the rope at the point
m. 2 u = m.V2 + mV1 .....(2)
v02
T = b M + mx l α = mM .
2

L L
b M + mx l
2

V1
L
A
67. (a) If velocity of block A is zero, from conservation
V2 of momentum, speed of block B is 2u . Then
B K.E. of

Block B = 2 m ]2ug2 = 2mu 2 is greater than net

Solving and using u = 4 m/s 1

3 3 mechanical energy of system. since this is not

V2 = 2 m/s possible, velocity of A can never be zero.
3 3 3 3 (b) since initial velocity of B is zero, it shall be
V2 = 2 cos 30ci - 2 cos 60cj zero for many other instants of time.

=c9 i-
3 3 m (c) Since momentum of system is non-zero, K.E.
m/s
4 4 j of system cannot be zero. Also KE of system is
61. As the balls A and B are constrained to move minimum at maximum extension of spring.
horizontally (immediately after collision). If 'I' be (d) The potential energy of spring shall be zero
the impulse imparted by ball 'C' to each of A and whenever it comes to natural length. Also P.E.
B , impulse received by ball C from them would be of spring is maximum at maximum extension of
spring.

2I cos θ
 Centre of Mass and Conservation of Linear Momentum 8.23
68. (a) Initial velocity of centre of mass of given system (d) Net external force on given system is zero.
is zero and net external force is in vertical Hence centre of mass of given system remains
direction. Since there is shift of mass downward, at rest.
the centre of mass has only downward shift.
(b) Obviously there is shift of centre of mass of 69. V cm =
/ m v ; COM can not come to rest
i i

given system downwards. Also the pulley /m i

exerts a force on string which has a horizontal

component towards right. Hence centre of mass
of system has a rightward shift.
(c) Both block and monkey moves up. hence
centre of mass of given system shifts vertically
upwards.

Numerical Type Single Option Correct

a
3. Given that a circular hole of radius 2 is cut out of
1. Given that a ball will a speed of 9 m/s collides with
a circular disc of radius a. Remaining portion of the
another identical ball at rest.
disc can be understood as the total disc minus the
After the collision, the direction of each ball makes removed part.
y
an angle of 30° with the original direction. y

Before collision After collision

x
v1 a
x
3a
m A 30° 2
A B Let v be the uniform mass density of disc then the
30°
m 9 m/s m m B location of C.O.M of remaining portion is,
MX - M X
y v2 XCOM = M - M1 1
1

^vra h a - vr b a l # 3a
2
2
4 2
x & XCOM =
vr a 2
vra2 - 4
As no external impulsive forces acting on the system
during the collision, the total linear momentum of 3a
a- 8 5a
the system is conserved. & XCOM = 1 = 6
1- 4
From conservation of momentum along Y-axis,
0 + 0 = mv1 sin 30 tj + mv2 sin 30° ^- tj h . 4. (0,3) (2,3)

& mv2 sin 30° = mv1 sin 30° (1,2.5)

& v2 = v1 (1,2)
v
& v12 = 1
(0.5,1)
2. For elastic collision KEi = KE f
1 # 1 1 1 2
2 m 25 + 2 # m # 9 = 2 m # 32 + 2 mv
(0,0) (1,0)
34 = 32 + v2
1 # b 2i + tj l + 1 # cit + m
t 5tj
1 2
KE = 2 # 0.1 # 2 = 0.1J rvcm = 2
3 7
`x=1 rvcm = 4 it + 4 tj
8.24 Physics
1 ` mv0 = mv1 + mv2
5. Ki = 2 mv2
& v0 = v1 + v2 ....(1)
Using conservation of linear momentum
By energy it is given that :
mv = (2m + M)v1
mv 3
v1 = ] K f = 2 Ki
2m + Mg
1
& b 2 mv12 + 2 mv 22 l = 2 b 2 mv02 l
Also, K f = 6 K i 1 1 3 1

or, 2 ]2m + Mg v10 = 6 b 2 mv2 l

1 1 1 3
v12 + v 22 = 2 v02 ....(2)

or, ]2m + Mg #
m2 v2 1 From eqn. (1) and (2)
]2m + M2g 6
= mv2
4v12 - 4v0 v1 - v02 = 0
m 1 M
or, 2m + M = 6 & m = 4 Solving for v1

6. Suppose both collides at point v0 ! 2 v0

v1 = 2
P after time t.
` Relative velocity
Time taken for the particles to
collide,
-c 0
v0 + 2 v0 v - 2 v0 m
d 100 2 2
t = v rel = 100 = 1s
& 2 v0
Speed of wood just before Alter: As the final energy increases after collision,
collision = gt = 10 m/s we can say that the only answer which is possible is
greater than v0 (for the value of e > 1)
Speed of bullet just before collision
` Ans. is 2 v0
v – gt = 100 – 10 = 90 m/s
Before After 8. Ist case

0.03 kg ↓ 10 m/s ↑v v=0 "v1 "v2

0.02 kg ↑90 m/s 0.05 kg m"v

Now, conservation of linear momentum just before 2m m 2m

and after the collision. mv = mv1 + 2mv2
– (0.03) (10) + (0.02) (90) = (0.05)v v1 + 2v2 = v ...(1)
⇒ 150 = 5v ⇒ v = 30 m/s v -v
1 = v2 - 01
v2
Maximum height reached by body H = 2g
30 # 30 v2 - v1 = v v1 = v2 - v
H = 2 # 10 = 45m
2
2v2 + v1 = v v1 = 3 v - v
]100 - hg = 12 gt2 = 12 # 10 # 1
4
3v2 = 2v v1 =- 3
h = 95 m
∴ Height above tower = 40 m 2
v2 = 3 v

7. According to Ques. 1 2 1 v2
3 KE mv - m 1 8
Pd = KE = 2 1 2 9 = 1 - 9 = 9
2
2 mv
= 0.888 = 0.89
 Centre of Mass and Conservation of Linear Momentum 8.25
Second case P P
2 2
11. Maximum energy loss = 2m - ] + g
2 m M
"u v=0 " v1 " v2
= 2Pm ; ]m + M g E
2
M
m 12 m m 12 m
mv = mv1 + 12mv2 = 12 mv 2 & m M
+M 0
v1 + 12v2 = v ...(1)
bf= M l
v2 - v1 = v m+M
13v2 = 2v v1 = v2 - v Hence Assertion is wrong and Reason is correct.
2 2 - 11v
v2 = 13 v v1 = 13 v - v = 13 12. If initial momentum of particles is zero, then they
loss all their energy in inelastic collision but here
1 1 b 11 l2 2 initial momentum is not zero.
]11g2
2
2 mv - 2 m 13 v
]13g2
Pc = 1 = 1 -
2 Principle of conservation of momentum holds good
2 mv for all collision.
169 - 121
Pc = 169 = 0.28 13. mu = ]m + M g v

loss = 2 ]m + M g v 2 - 2 mu 2
10. Pf = P1 + P2 1 1

L
Pf = P12 + P22 # xb Kb L
x ln l dx
# xdm 0
14. Xcm = = L
= 2 2 mV = 3mVf # dm # Kb Lx l dx
n

0
2 2
Xcm = b n + 2 l L
` Vf = 3 V n+1

2
M ]0 g - m ]Rg
1 2 1 2 1 c2 2 m 2 15. xcm =
∆K = 2 m (2V) + 2 (2m) V - 2 (3m) 3 V M-m
` K 1 ^ h2 + 1
M = σ ^π ]2Rg2h
2
2 m 2V 2 (2m) V
i

= 56%

m = σ ^πR 2h

1. In a polygon of side n 2.
π
θ = n

R cos θ = h h R
h
R = cos θ
1
h 1 - K = 2 mg 2 t 2
∆ = R - h = cos θ - h = h ) π 13
cos n
K ? t 2 : parabolic graph
Then during collision kinetic energy first decreases
to elastic potential energy and then increases.
Most appropriate graph is B.
8.26 Physics
3. At the highest point The rate of collision of the particle with the piston is
1 v
2L/v = 2L
The speed of the particle after a collision with the
piston is :
v + 2V , when it collides with it with a speed v.

if the piston moves inward by dL the speed of the

u cos α
v1 = 0 2 (by applying momentum particle increases by
conservation in horizontal
dL v
direction) dv = 2V # V # 2L
u0 cos α dv dL
v2 = 2 (by applying momentum i.e. v = L

conservation in vertical direction) 1 dK 2 ]- dLg

Since kinetic energy, K = 2 mv2, K = L
2 2
e H = u 0 sin α o (after putting the proper sign)
2g
θ = 45c Integrating, KL2 = constant.
∴ Kf = 4Ki
2h
4. R =u g Hence correct options are A, B
2#5 2#5 7. Applying COE we get
& 20 = V1 10 and 100 = V2 10
V1 = 20 m/s, V2 = 100 m/ sec . 1 1
& mgR = 2 mv12 + 2 Mv22 .....(1)

Applying momentum conservation just before and Where v1 and v2 be the velocities of the point mass
just after the collision. m and block M , respectively.

]0.01g]V g = ]0.2g]20g + ]0.01g]100g COM along x-axis gives

mv1 = Mv2 .....(2)
V = 500 m/s.
Solving (1) and (2) we get,
5. Since masses of particles are equal and collisons
are elastic, so particles will exchange velocities 2gR
v1 = m Choice (c) is correct.
after each collision. The first collision will be at a 1+ M
point P and second at point Q again and before third
collision the particles will reach at A.
m 2gR
v2 = M 1+ m Choice (d) is incorrect.
M
Since no external force acts in the x-direction
position of C.M. doesn’t shift along x direction
∆xcm = O = ] M + mgx + mR

Choice (a) is correct.

6.
 Centre of Mass and Conservation of Linear Momentum 8.27

8. 3R
10. X = 2 as Xcm = R

u2 sin2 i 50
R= g = 10 = 5

3R 15
& X = 2 = 2 = 7.5 m

Since collision is elastic, so e = 1 Ans. 07.50

Velocity of approach = velocity of separation 11. To complete the vertical circle

So, u = v+2 .....(i) g,1 = 5g, 2

By momentum conservation: ,1
,2 = 5
1 # u = 5v - 1 # 2

u = 5v - 2

v + 2 = 5v - 2
12.
So, v = 1 m/s.
µ = 0.1
And u = 3 m/s.

Momentum of system = 1 # 3 = 3 kgm/s 1 2 1 2

2 mu = µmg # 0.06 + 2 kx
Momentum of 5 kg after collision = 5 # 1 = 5 kgm/s 1 # 2
2 0.18 u = 0.1 # 0.18 # 10 # 0.06
So, kinetic energy of centre of mass N
0.4 = 10

= 12 ^m1 + m2 ha m +1 m k
mu 2
N =4
1 2

= 12 ]1 + 5gb 1 6 3 l
# 2 13.

= 0.75 J

Total kinetic energy

= 12 # 1 # 3 2

= 4.5 J From momentum conservation:

u2 sin2 i 9m = ]2mg V1 - ]mg V2

9. H = 2g
50 1 5 & 9 = 2V1 - V2 .....(1)
= 2 # 10 # 2 = 4
V1 + V2
2H 2#5 e 9 =1 .....(2)
t= g = 4 # 10
From equation (1) and equation (2) V1 = 6 m/ sec .
1
t = 2 s = 0.5 sec
For second collision between second block and third
Ans. 00.50 block:

]2mg 6 + m ]0 g = ]2m + mgVC & VC = 4 m/ sec .

8.28 Physics