ROTARY GEAR PUMPS

S-SERIES

FT. MTD. PUMP

S-Series pumps are designed to operate at standard motor speeds and are suitable for pumping oils, inert chemicals,
petroleum products and various other liquids in transfer, circulation, lubrication, and liquid pressurization applications.

Design: Drive speeds to 1800 rpm; discharge pressures Lubrication: Self lubricating using the pumped liquid. Also
to 200 psi; flow rate to 32.0 gpm; foot or flange mounted; available for handling non-lubricating liquids.
with or without integral relief valve.
Rotation: Pumps are available for clockwise or counter-
Material: Cast Iron casings with precision machined, clockwise rotation. Discharge is always on the side of the
heat treated gears and case hardened shafts. Pumps are pump toward which the top of the shaft rotates. Specify at time
also available in Ductile Iron and Steel. of order.

Bearings: Replaceable iron sleeve bearings. Also Liquid Viscosities: 32 ssu to 100,000 ssu. Adaptable for
available with carbon graphite or bronze bearings. handling liquids from water soluble to molten lead.

Seal: Mechanical seal. Also available with compression Suction Lift: 28" Hg / 31 feet depending on the type of liquid
packing or lip seal. Mechanical seal and lip seals available being pumped.
with different elastomers for pumping different types of
liquids. Drive Options: E-Drive (pump close coupled to motor); A-
Drive (pump connected to c-face motor with adapter bracket
and coupling); D-Drive (pump coupled to motor mounted on
baseplate);GR-Drive (pump coupled to gear reducer coupled to
motor mounted on baseplate); B-Drive (pump and motor
connected by V-belt and pulleys mounted on baseplate).

Accessories: Repair Kits; Gear Sets; Bearing Kits; and Seal

Kits. Refer to Section 13.

MANUFACTURING SOLUTIONS TO PUMPING PROBLEMS FOR OVER 100 YEARS.

(3.1)
ROTARY GEAR PUMPS

DIMENSIONAL DATA S-SERIES

FT. MTD. PUMP FLG. MTD. PUMP

DIMENSIONS (INCHES)

Model A B C D E F G H J K L M N O Keyway
1S 3.00 3.69 1.78 2.00 0.39 7.50 6.25 4.56 0.56 2.38 0.75 3/8 4 7/8 3/8-16 1/8 x 1/16
2S 3.44 4.53 2.31 2.50 0.39 8.47 7.22 5.00 0.68 3.00 0.88 1/2 " 3/8-16 3/16 x 3/32
3S 4.44 5.72 2.88 3.00 0.45 10.50 8.88 6.19 0.75 3.88 1.25 3/4 " 3/8-16 3/16 x 3/32
4S 4.44 5.91 2.88 3.00 0.45 10.50 8.88 6.19 0.75 3.88 1.25 1 " 3/8-16 3/16 x 3/32
5S 5.00 5.97 2.88 3.00 0.45 10.50 8.88 6.69 0.75 3.88 1.25 1 1/4 " 3/8-16 3/16 x 3/32

OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS

Displmnt Drive 0 50 75 100 200

Model gals. per Slip Speed psi psi psi psi psi
rev. gpm/psi rpm gpm hp gpm hp gpm hp gpm hp gpm hp
600 1.6 .03 1.5 .08 1.4 .11 1.3 .15 1.1 .33
860 2.3 .04 2.1 .13 2.07 .18 2.0 .23 1.8 .49
1S .00262 .0024
1140 3.0 .06 2.9 .17 2.8 .23 2.7 .30 2.5 .63
1725 4.5 .14 4.4 .29 4.3 .36 4.28 .48 4.0 .95
600 3.1 .05 3.0 .15 2.9 .24 2.8 .31 2.4 .65
860 4.5 .08 4.3 .22 4.2 .34 4.1 .45 3.8 .93
2S .00521 .0035
1140 5.9 .13 5.8 .31 5.7 .41 5.6 .51 5.2 1.0
1725 9.0 .44 8.8 .64 8.7 .78 8.6 .94 8.3 1.6
600 5.7 .08 5.6 .34 5.5 .47 5.4 .60 5.2 1.1
860 8.1 .25 8.0 .54 7.9 .68 7.8 .83 7.6 1.5
3S .00947 .0026
1140 10.8 .38 10.7 .77 10.6 .97 10.5 1.1 10.2 2.0
1725 16.2 .92 16.1 1.4 16.0 1.7 15.9 2.0 15.7 3.1
600 8.1 .30 7.9 .50 7.8 .60 7.7 .80 7.4 1.2
860 11.6 .40 11.3 .70 11.2 .90 11.1 1.1 10.7 1.8
4S .0135 .009
1140 15.3 .50 15.0 .90 14.8 1.20 14.7 1.45 14.2 2.3
1725 23.2 .80 22.7 1.40 22.5 1.80 22.3 2.2 21.4 3.5
600 11.1 .45 10.8 .55 10.6 .75 10.4 .95 9.7 1.6
860 15.9 .65 15.5 .80 15.2 1.0 15.0 1.3 14.0 2.3
5S .0186 .02
1140 21.1 .80 20.5 1.1 20.2 1.4 19.8 1.8 18.5 3.1
1725 32.0 1.30 31.0 1.6 30.5 2.1 30.0 2.7 28.0 4.7
*Delivery and input horsepower are based on liquid viscosity of 300 ssu at speed and pressures shown.
MANUFACTURING SOLUTIONS TO PUMPING PROBLEMS FOR OVER 100 YEARS.
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ROTARY GEAR PUMPS

S-SERIES

OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS, 32 SSU LIQUID

G.P.M. No.1S PUMP HP G.P.M. No.2S PUMP HP

5 0.7 10 1.4
1725 1725
RPM 9 RPM
0.6 M 1.2
RP
M
8 5 RP
4 5 172
172
0.5 7 1
114 1140
3 0 RP 6 RPM
M 0.4 0.8
860 M 5
RPM 0 RP 0 RPM
114 0.3 860 R 114 0.6
2 4 PM
600 600 R
RPM 3 PM M
0.2 P 0.4
PM 860 R
1 860 R 2
0.1 M 0.2
1 600 RP
600 RPM
0 0 0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
P.S.I. P.S.I.

G.P.M. No.3S PUMP HP

20 3

1725 RPM M
5 RP 2.5
172
15
2
1140 RPM

10 1.5
860 RPM PM
1140 R
600 RPM 1
M
5 860 RP

0.5
600 RPM

0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
P.S.I.

SOLID LINE = GPM

BROKEN LINE = HP

MANUFACTURING SOLUTIONS TO PUMPING PROBLEMS FOR OVER 100 YEARS.

(3.3)
ROTARY GEAR PUMPS

S-SERIES

OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS, 300 SSU LIQUID

G.P.M. No.1S PUMP HP G.P.M. No.2S PUMP HP

5 1 10 2
1725 RPM
0.9 1725 RPM
9
4 0.8
PM 8 1.5
2 5R 0.7 PM
17 5R
1140 RPM 7 172
3 0 RPM 0.6
114
1140 RPM M
860 RPM 0.5 6 0 RP 1
114
2 0.4
600 RPM 5
RPM PM
860 0.3 860 RPM 860 R
4 0.5
PM 0.2
1 600 R PM
600 R
0.1 3 600 RPM

0 0 2 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
P.S.I. P.S.I.

G.P.M. No.3S PUMP HP

18 3.5
1725 RPM
16 3

14 PM 2.5
5R
172
12 2
1140 RPM

10 1.5
M
0 RP 860 R
PM
114
860 RPM
8 1

PM
6 600 R 0.5
600 RPM

4 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
P.S.I.

SOLID LINE = GPM

BROKEN LINE = HP

MANUFACTURING SOLUTIONS TO PUMPING PROBLEMS FOR OVER 100 YEARS.

(3.4)
ROTARY GEAR PUMPS

S-SERIES

OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS, 1,000 SSU LIQUID

G.P.M. No.1S PUMP HP G.P.M. No.2S PUMP HP

5 1.2 10 2
1725 RPM 1725 RPM
4.5 9
1
4 M PM 1.5
RP 8 5R
5 172
172 0.8
3.5 7
M
0 RPM 0 RP
3
1140 RPM 114 1140 RPM 114
0.6 6 1
RPM M
2.5 860 5 600 R
P
860 RPM 0.4 860 RPM RPM
860
2 PM
600 R 4 0.5

600 RPM 0.2 600 RPM

1.5 3

1 0 2 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
P.S.I. P.S.I.

G.P.M. No.3S PUMP HP

18 4

1725 RPM
3.5
16

3
14 PM
R
1 725 2.5
12 M
1140 RPM 11 40 RP
2
10
PM
860 R 1.5
860 RPM
8
PM 1
600 R
6 600 RPM
0.5

4 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
P.S.I.

SOLID LINE = GPM

BROKEN LINE = HP

MANUFACTURING SOLUTIONS TO PUMPING PROBLEMS FOR OVER 100 YEARS.

(3.5)
ROTARY GEAR PUMPS

S-SERIES

OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS, 5,000 SSU LIQUID

G.P.M. No.1S PUMP HP G.P.M. No.2S PUMP HP

1.62 0.4 3.12 0.8

1.6 M 0.35 3.1 M 0.7

600 0 RP 600 RP
60 0
RP RP 60
M 0.3 M 0.6
1.58 3.08

1.56 0.25 3.06 0.5

1.54 0.2 3.04 0.4

1.52 0.15 3.02 0.3

1.5 0.1 3 0.2

1.48 0.05 2.98 0.1

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
P.S.I. P.S.I.

G.P.M. No.3S PUMP HP

5.72 1.6

5.7 1.4
600 R PM
RP
M 600
5.68 1.2

5.66 1

5.64 0.8

5.62 0.6

5.6 0.4

5.58 0.2
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
P.S.I.

SOLID LINE = GPM

BROKEN LINE = HP

MANUFACTURING SOLUTIONS TO PUMPING PROBLEMS FOR OVER 100 YEARS.

(3.6)
ROTARY GEAR PUMPS

S-SERIES

OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS, 32 SSU LIQUID

G.P.M. No.4S PUMP HP G.P.M. No.5S PUMP HP

25 4 35 6
1725 RPM 1725 RPM
30 5
20
5 RPM 3
172 25
5 RP
M
1140 RPM 1140 RPM 172 4
15 RPM
1140 20 RPM
2 1140 3
860 RPM
15 860 RPM
10
600 RPM PM 600 RPM
860 R 2
10
1
5 PM
860 R PM 1
600 RPM 5 600 R

0 0 0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
P.S.I. P.S.I.

OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS, 300 SSU LIQUID

G.P.M. No.4S PUMP HP G.P.M. No.5S PUMP HP

25 5 35 7
1725 RPM 1725 RPM
6
30 PM
4 5R
172
20
M 5
5 RP 25
172
RPM 3 RPM
1140 RPM 1140 1140 RPM 1140 4
15 20
860 RPM 3
2 860 RPM 860 RPM
860 RPM
15
2
10 600 RPM 600 RPM
1 600 RPM
600 RPM 10 1

5 0 5 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
P.S.I. P.S.I.

SOLID LINE = GPM

BROKEN LINE = HP

MANUFACTURING SOLUTIONS TO PUMPING PROBLEMS FOR OVER 100 YEARS.

(3.7)
ROTARY GEAR PUMPS

S-SERIES

OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS, 1,000 SSU LIQUID

G.P.M. No.4S PUMP HP G.P.M. No.5S PUMP HP

25 6 35 7
1725 RPM 1725 RPM
6
5 30 PM
5R
20 5 RP
M 172
172 5
4 25 M
0 RP
1140 RPM 114 4
1140 RPM
15 3 20
RPM P M
1140 860 R 3
860 RPM 860 RPM
860 RPM
2 15
PM
600 R 2
10 600 RPM 600 RPM
600 RPM 1 10 1

5 0 5 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
P.S.I. P.S.I.

OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS, 5,000 SSU LIQUID

G.P.M. No.4S PUMP HP G.P.M. No.5S PUMP HP

8.12 2.5 11.25 3

8.1 11.2
600 600 PM 2.5
RP
M 2 RP 0R
8.08 M 60
PM
0R 11.15
60 2
8.06
1.5 11.1
8.04 1.5
11.05
8.02
1
1
8 11

7.98 0.5 10.95 0.5

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
P.S.I. P.S.I.

SOLID LINE = GPM

BROKEN LINE = HP

MANUFACTURING SOLUTIONS TO PUMPING PROBLEMS FOR OVER 100 YEARS.

(3.8)
ROTARY GEAR PUMPS

S-SERIES CLOSE COUPLED MOTOR

DRIVEN ROTARY GEAR PUMPS (E-DRIVE)
S-Series pumps are available direct coupled to the end bell of a foot mounted motor. This assembly, referred to as an
E-Drive, ensures accurate alignment and requires less space than a pump connected to the C-Face of a motor. S-Series
Close Coupled Motor Driven Rotary Gear Pumps are available in motor speeds of 860, 1140 & 1725 rpm with capacities to
32.0 gpm and pressures to 200 psi.

DIMENSIONS (INCHES)

Model No. Motor A B C D E F G H K L M

Frame
1S-E 182 3.00 9.00 3.90 7.50 .406 17.94 16.69 7.88 7.06 4.50 3/8
182 3.44 9.00 3.81 7.50 .406 18.91 17.66 8.31 7.06 4.50 1/2
2S-E 184 3.44 9.00 3.81 7.50 .406 19.91 18.66 8.31 7.06 5.50 "
213 3.44 10.38 4.56 8.50 .406 21.47 20.22 9.12 7.94 5.50 "
182 4.44 9.00 3.50 7.50 .406 20.94 19.31 9.50 7.06 4.50 3/4
184 4.44 9.00 3.50 7.50 .406 21.94 20.31 9.50 7.06 5.50 "
3S-E
213 4.44 10.38 4.25 8.50 .406 23.50 21.88 10.31 7.94 5.50 "
215 4.44 10.38 4.25 8.50 .406 24.00 22.38 10.31 7.94 7.00 "
182 4.44 9.00 3.50 7.50 .406 20.94 19.31 9.50 7.06 4.50 1
184 4.44 9.00 3.50 7.50 .406 21.94 20.31 9.50 7.06 5.50 "
4S-E 213 4.44 10.38 4.25 8.50 .406 23.54 21.88 10.31 7.94 5.50 "
215 4.44 10.38 4.25 8.50 .406 24.00 22.38 10.31 7.94 7.00 "
254U 4.44 12.38 5.25 6.03 .406 26.19 24.56 12.49 9.81 8.25 "
182 5.00 9.00 3.47 7.50 .406 21.94 20.31 10.00 7.06 4.50 11/4
184 5.00 9.00 3.47 7.50 .406 22.94 21.31 10.00 7.06 5.50 "
5S-E 213 5.00 10.38 4.22 8.50 .406 24.50 22.88 10.81 7.94 5.50 "
215 5.00 10.38 4.22 8.50 .406 25.00 23.38 10.81 7.94 7.00 "
254U 5.00 12.38 5.22 6.03 .406 27.19 25.56 12.99 9.81 8.25 "

MANUFACTURING SOLUTIONS TO PUMPING PROBLEMS FOR OVER 100 YEARS.

(3.9)
ROTARY GEAR PUMPS

S-SERIES MOTOR DRIVEN

ROTARY GEAR PUMPS (A-DRIVE)
S-Series pumps are available direct coupled to a Nema C-Face foot mounted motor. This assembly, referred to as an
A-Drive, ensures accurate alignment and requires less space and is less costly than a pump and motor mounted on a
baseplate. S-Series Motor Driven Rotary Gear Pumps are available in motor speeds of 860, 1140 & 1725 rpm with
capacities to 32.0 gpm and pressures to 200 psi.

DIMENSIONS (INCHES)

Model No. Motor Frame A B C D E F G H K L M

1S-A 56C 3.00 6.88 2.91 4.88 0.34 19.81 18.56 9.81 8.31 3.00 3/8
145TC 3.00 6.88 2.91 5.50 0.34 21.53 20.28 10.12 8.56 5.00 3/8
182TC 3.00 8.69 3.91 7.50 0.41 23.12 21.87 11.75 9.81 4.50 3/8
2S-A 56C 3.44 6.88 2.81 4.88 0.34 20.78 19.53 10.25 8.31 3.00 5/8
145TC 3.44 6.88 2.81 5.50 0.34 22.50 21.25 10.56 8.56 5.00 5/8
182TC 3.44 8.69 3.81 7.50 0.41 24.09 22.84 12.19 9.81 4.50 5/8
184TC 3.44 8.69 3.81 7.50 0.41 25.09 23.84 12.19 9.81 5.50 5/8
3S-A 56C 4.44 6.88 2.50 4.88 0.34 22.82 21.19 11.43 8.31 3.00 3/4
145TC 4.44 6.88 2.50 5.50 0.34 24.54 22.91 11.75 8.56 5.00 3/4
182TC 4.44 8.69 3.50 7.50 0.41 26.13 24.50 13.37 9.81 4.50 3/4
184TC 4.44 8.69 3.50 7.50 0.41 27.13 25.50 13.37 9.81 5.50 3/4
213TC 4.44 10.25 4.25 8.50 0.41 29.04 27.41 14.25 12.16 5.50 3/4
215TC 4.44 10.25 4.25 8.50 0.41 30.54 28.91 14.25 12.16 7.00 3/4
4S-A 56C 4.44 6.88 2.50 4.88 0.34 22.82 21.19 11.43 8.31 3.00 1
145TC 4.44 6.88 2.50 5.50 0.34 24.54 22.91 11.75 8.56 5.00 1
182TC 4.44 8.69 3.50 7.50 0.41 26.13 24.50 13.37 9.81 4.50 1
184TC 4.44 8.69 3.50 7.50 0.41 27.13 25.50 13.37 9.81 5.50 1
213TC 4.44 10.25 4.25 8.50 0.41 29.04 27.41 14.25 12.16 5.50 1
215TC 4.44 10.25 4.25 8.50 0.41 30.54 28.91 14.25 12.16 7.00 1
5S-A 56C 5.00 6.88 2.50 4.88 0.34 23.20 21.57 11.63 8.31 3.00 1 1/4
145TC 5.00 6.88 2.50 5.50 0.34 24.92 23.29 11.95 8.56 5.00 1 1/4
182TC 5.00 8.69 3.50 7.50 0.41 26.51 24.88 13.57 9.81 4.50 1 1/4
184TC 5.00 8.69 3.50 7.50 0.41 27.51 25.88 13.57 9.81 5.50 1 1/4
213TC 5.00 10.25 4.25 8.50 0.41 29.42 27.79 14.45 12.16 5.50 1 1/4
215TC 5.00 10.25 4.25 8.50 0.41 30.92 29.29 14.45 12.16 7.00 1 1/4
254TC 5.00 12.88 5.25 10.00 0.53 37.26 35.63 16.19 16.09 8.25 1 1/4
MANUFACTURING SOLUTIONS TO PUMPING PROBLEMS FOR OVER 100 YEARS.
(3.10)
ROTARY GEAR PUMPS

S-SERIES BASE MOUNTED

ASSEMBLIES (D-DRIVE)
S-Series pumps are available as base mounted pump and motor assemblies. Each assembly includes the base, flexible
coupling, coupling guard, riser blocks, (if required) lifting eye-bolts, and mounting hardware. The fabricated steel or channel
iron bases are available with optional features such as drip-lip construction, drain plugs, mounting lugs, casters, etc..

DIMENSIONS (INCHES)

Model No. Motor Frame A B C D E F G H K L M

1S-D 56C 12.00 9.00 24.00 22.00 2.94 0.28 0.56 1.50 1.00 2.91 6.88
145TC 12.00 9.00 26.00 24.00 2.94 0.28 0.56 1.50 1.00 2.91 6.88
182TC 12.00 9.00 30.00 28.00 2.94 0.28 0.56 1.50 1.00 3.91 8.69
2S-D 56C 12.00 9.00 24.00 22.00 2.94 0.28 0.56 1.50 1.00 2.81 6.88
145TC 12.00 9.00 26.00 24.00 2.94 0.28 0.56 1.50 1.00 2.81 6.88
182TC 12.00 9.00 30.00 28.00 2.94 0.28 0.56 1.50 1.00 3.81 8.69
184TC 15.00 12.00 32.00 30.00 3.41 0.41 0.56 1.50 1.00 3.81 8.69
3S-D 56C 12.00 9.00 24.00 22.00 2.94 0.28 0.56 1.50 1.00 2.50 6.88
145TC 12.00 9.00 26.00 24.00 2.94 0.28 0.56 1.50 1.00 2.50 6.88
182TC 12.00 9.00 30.00 28.00 2.94 0.28 0.56 1.50 1.00 3.50 8.69
184TC 15.00 12.00 32.00 30.00 3.41 0.41 0.56 1.50 1.00 3.50 8.69
213TC 15.00 12.00 34.00 32.00 3.41 0.41 0.56 1.50 1.00 4.25 10.25
215TC 15.00 12.00 36.00 34.00 3.41 0.41 0.56 1.50 1.00 4.25 10.25
4S-D 56C 12.00 9.00 24.00 22.00 2.94 0.28 0.56 1.50 1.00 2.50 6.88
145TC 12.00 9.00 26.00 24.00 2.94 0.28 0.56 1.50 1.00 2.50 6.88
182TC 12.00 9.00 30.00 28.00 2.94 0.28 0.56 1.50 1.00 3.50 8.69
184TC 15.00 12.00 32.00 30.00 3.41 0.41 0.56 1.50 1.00 3.50 8.69
213TC 15.00 12.00 34.00 32.00 3.41 0.41 0.56 1.50 1.00 4.25 10.25
215TC 15.00 12.00 36.00 34.00 3.41 0.41 0.63 2.00 1.00 4.25 10.25
5S-D 56C 12.00 9.00 24.00 22.00 2.94 0.28 0.56 1.50 1.00 2.50 6.88
145TC 12.00 9.00 26.00 24.00 2.94 0.28 0.56 1.50 1.00 2.50 6.88
182TC 12.00 9.00 30.00 28.00 2.94 0.28 0.56 1.50 1.00 3.50 8.69
184TC 15.00 12.00 32.00 30.00 3.41 0.41 0.56 1.50 1.00 3.50 8.69
213TC 15.00 12.00 34.00 32.00 3.41 0.41 0.56 1.50 1.00 4.25 10.25
215TC 15.00 12.00 36.00 34.00 3.41 0.41 0.56 1.50 1.00 4.25 10.25
254TC 18.00 15.00 42.00 40.00 3.95 0.45 0.56 1.50 1.00 5.25 12.88

MANUFACTURING SOLUTIONS TO PUMPING PROBLEMS FOR OVER 100 YEARS.

(3.11)
ROTARY GEAR PUMPS

PUMP AC WITH MOTOR DRIVEN

ROTARY GEAR PUMPS
The precision-built, positive displacement pump has heat treated steel gears supported by substantial bearings to ensure
continuous service. Pump shaft seal requires no adjustment. Motor is continuous duty type. Rabbeted assembly guarantees
accurate alignment of pump and motor. Drive is through flexible coupling. Rigid welded sheet steel tank, 16 or 32 gallons,
has tank cover plate supporting pump and motor resting on rubber gasket for vibration free service. Without disturbing pump
assembly or piping, an access cover can be easily removed to check strainer and condition of oil. Return lines extending
below liquid level and a baffle in tank are supplied to prevent turbulence. Other standard built-in extras include a pressure
gage, relief valve, strainer, and suction piping to pump, also a bypass line from relief valve to tank. When ordering, specify
pump number, RPM, H.P., and tank capacity desired.

MANUFACTURING SOLUTIONS TO PUMPING PROBLEMS FOR OVER 100 YEARS.

(3.12)