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Linear Simultaneous Equations

Make y the subject of the first equation: y = (8/5)x - 6 Substitute into the second equation: 4x - 3((8/5)x - 6) = 14 4x - 12x/5 + 18 = 14 12x/5 - 4 = -4 12x/5 = 0 x = 0 Then substitute x = 0 back into the first equation to find y. Therefore, the solution is x = 0, y = -6. www.youtube.com/tayyubmajeed Twitter: @tm_maths EXAMPLE Teacher Student 2x + 3y = 5 x

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Linear Simultaneous Equations

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com/tayyubmajeed
Twitter: @tm_maths

GCSE 9-1 Mathematics

Linear Simultaneous Equations

Method 1: Elimination
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DIAGNOSTIC

Alan is solving the equation 4 p + 5 = 2 p − 9 . Here is his working:

Line 1: 4p = 2p −4

Line 2: 2 p = −4

Line 3: p = −2

Which line is incorrect?

A Line 1
B Line 2
C Line 3
D All working is correct
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DIAGNOSTIC

In which of the following equations is x not equal to 4?

A 12 x = 48
B 20 − 2 x = 12
C 15 = 19 − x
D 7 x + 1 = 36
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UNDERSTANDING

Definition Characteristics

Examples Non-examples
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THEORY

Solving simultaneous equations by elimination requires one of the variables to be removed

from each equation and then calculating the other variable(s). This can be achieved if the
coefficient of one of the variables is the same, regardless of the sign.
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VISUALISE

Consider visualising the simultaneous equations:

x + 2y = 8
x + 5 y = 17

The counters that are equal can be separated and disregarded: in this case, the ‘x’ counter, the
two ‘y’ counters and the eight ‘1’ counters.

We are now left with 3 ‘y’ counters and 9 ‘1’ counters, i.e., 3 y = 9 ,

which implies y = 3 .
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VISUALISE

Consider visualising the simultaneous equations:

3 x + 2 y = 12
4x − 2 y = 2

Adding these sets together allows the formation of zero-pairs with the ‘y’ and ‘ − y ’ counters.

We are now left with 7 ‘x’ counters and 14 ‘1’ counters, i.e., 7 x = 14 ,

which implies x = 2 .
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KEY POINT

To solve simultaneous equations by elimination:

• Ensure the variable you want to eliminate has the same coefficient.
• Same sign → subtract
• Opposite sign → add
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EXAMPLE

Teacher Student
x + 2y = 8 x + 3 y = 13
x + 5 y = 17 x− y =5
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EXAMPLE

Teacher Student
3 x + 2 y = 12 2x − y = 7
4x − 2 y = 2 4 x + y = 23
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YOUR TURN

Q1 Q3

5 x + 4 y = 23 5 x + 8 y = 31
5 x + 2 y = 19 5 x + 2 y = 19

Q2 Q4

−6 x + 4 y = 23 6 x + 8 y = 31
6 x + 2 y = 19 −6 x + 2 y = 19
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INDEPENDENT STUDY

Q1 Q5

3 x − 2 y = 16 3 x + y = 11
2 x + 2 y = 14 6 x − y = −8

Q2 Q6

x− y =8 x + 2y = 7
x + 2 y = −7 6 x + 2 y = 10

Q3 Q7

2 x + 4 y = 16 3 x − 2 y = 57
3 x + 4 y = 24 5 x − 2 y = 111

Q4 Q8

4 x − y = −1 4x − 2 y = 8
4 x − 3 y = −7 4 x + 7 y = −37
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CHALLENGE

Solve the pair of simultaneous equations to find x and y, giving your answers in terms of n
and p.
3x − 5 y = n
−5 y + 4 x = p
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DIAGNOSTIC

Tom and Katie are discussing this pair of simultaneous equations:

3x − 2 y = 8
3 x + y = 14

Tom says, “if you add the two equations together you will eliminate a variable”.
Katie says, “if you subtract the two equations together you will eliminate a variable”.
Who is correct?
A Only Tom
B Only Katie
C Both Tom and Katie
D Neither is correct
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DIAGNOSTIC

Consider the following pair of simultaneous equations:

5 x − 2 y = 30
3 x − 2 y = −4

Which of the following is the correct statement?

A 7 x = 26
B 3x = 34
C 7 x = 34
D 3x = 26
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DIAGNOSTIC

Consider the following pair of simultaneous equations:

3 x − y = 21
3 x − 5 y = −7

Which of the following is the correct statement?

A −6 y = 14

B 6 y = 28

C 4 y = 28

D 4 y = 14
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KEY POINT

If the coefficients of one of the variables are not the same, multiply the given equations by a
number such that one of the variables to have the same coefficient in both equations.
Remember that every term multiplied – a common mistake is just to multiply the term which
will give the matching coefficient.
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EXAMPLE

Teacher Student
x + 2 y = 13 4 x − 2 y = 14
2 x + 3 y = 20 x − 3 y = −4
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EXAMPLE

Teacher Student
2x + 5 y = 5 7x − 4 y = 5
3 x − 2 y = 17 x + 2 y = 11
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YOUR TURN

Q1 Q3

4 x − 3 y = 10 2 x + 6 y = 19
3 x + 6 y = 24 3 x + 5 y = 28

Q2 Q4

2a + 3b = 30 2 x − 3 y = 16
4a − 5b = 16 7 x − 2 y = 39
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INDEPENDENT STUDY

Q1 Q5

2 x + 2 y = 14 3 x + 3 y = −6
5 x − 3 y = 19 4 x − 4 y = −24

Q2 Q6

2x + 3y = 1 4 x + 7 y = 15
7 x + 2 y = −22 5x − 2 y = 8

Q3 Q7

5 x + 3 y = 22 3x + 2 y = 2
2 x + 4 y = 20 10 x − 5 y = 5

Q4 Q8

5 x − 6 y = 28 x y 2
− =−
4 x − 4 y = 24 3 6 3
x y 1
− =1
12 4 2
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CHALLENGE

Alan and Bob are discussing the following pair of equations:

4 x + 3 y = 23
8 x + 6 y = 46

Alan says, “the equations look different so x and y must be different in each equation”.
Bob says, “the equations are equivalent, which means that the value of x is the same in both
equations”.
Who is correct? Explain your reasoning.
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CHALLENGE

Solve the following simultaneous equations:

3x + y − 2 z = 7
x − 3 y + 4 z = 15
2 x − 2 y + z = 12
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GCSE 9-1 Mathematics

Linear Simultaneous Equations

Method 2: Substitution
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DIAGNOSTIC

Rearrange p = 3r − 5 to make r the subject.

p+5
A r=
3
B r = p +5+3

p −5
C r=
3
D r = p −5+3
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DIAGNOSTIC

Which would be the correct first step to make t the subject in the formula h = gt + a ?

A h + a = gt

B h − a = gt

h
C =t+a
g

D t = gt + h
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KEY POINT

Make one of the variables the subject of either equation, and then substitute into the other
equation.
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EXAMPLE

Teacher Student
8 x − 5 y = 30 9 x + 3 y = 15
4 x − 3 y = 14 5 x − 2 y = −21
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EXAMPLE

Teacher Student
x + 2y = 9 3x − y = 3
x= y y = 2x
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EXAMPLE

Teacher Student
2x + 5 y = 1 3 x + 2 y = 16
y = x+3 y = 3x − 1
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YOUR TURN

Q1 Q3

x + 3 y = 12 2x − y = 1
x= y y = x−2

Q2 Q4

x − 2 y = 10 2 x + 2 y = 17
y = 3x y = 2x − 5
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INDEPENDENT STUDY

Q1 Q5

x + 5 y = 72 5 x + 3 y = 41
x = 7y 2 x + 3 y = 20

Q2 Q6

4 x + y = 23 2 x + 4 y = 14
y = 6x + 3 4x − 4 y = 4

Q3 Q7

2 y = x + 10 3 x − 2 y = 14
y = 2x − 7 x + 2 y = 10

Q4 Q8

4 x − y = 17 7 x + 4 y = 45
y = x−2 6 x + 3 y = 36
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CHALLENGE

Solve the following simultaneous equations by substitution, leaving your solutions in terms
of a.
1 a +1
x+ y =
3 3
1 a+2
2x + y =
4 4
Given that a = 9 , verify your solution.
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GCSE 9-1 Mathematics

Linear Simultaneous Equations

Method 3: Graphing
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DIAGNOSTIC

Jo and Paul are arguing about points on the line 4 x − 5 y = 20 .

Jo says, “ (10, −4) lies on the line 4 x − 5 y = 20 ”.

Paul says, “ (−4,10) lies on the line 4 x − 5 y = 20 ”.

Who is correct?
A Only Jo
B Only Paul
C Both Jo and Paul
D Neither is correct
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DIAGNOSTIC

Which of the following could represent y = 4 − 2 x ?

A B

C D
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KEY POINT

Linear equations in x and y gives a relationship between x and y that you can plot using
Cartesian coordinates. If the linear graphs are plotted simultaneously, provided that the lines
are not parallel, then they would intersect once at the point ( x, y ) .

The coordinate ( x, y ) lies on both lines and therefore solves both equations simultaneously.

Essentially, when solving simultaneous equations algebraically, you are finding the x
coordinate and the y coordinate of the point of intersection.
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EXAMPLE

Teacher Student
Here are the graphs of y = − x + 4 and y = x − 2 . Here are the graphs of y = 2 x + 2 and y = − x − 4 .

Use the graphs to solve the simultaneous equations Use the graphs to solve the simultaneous equations

y = −x + 4 y = 2x + 2
y = x−2 y = −x − 4
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EXAMPLE

Teacher Student
Solve the simultaneous equations graphically: Solve the simultaneous equations graphically:

x+ y =8 1
y= x+4
y = 2x + 2 2
1
y = − x+7
4
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YOUR TURN

Q1 Q2