No.

of Printed Pages : 4 BCS-054

m
BACHELOR IN COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

.co
Term-End Examination
December, 2013
BCS-054 : COMPUTER ORIENTED NUMERICAL

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TECHNIQUES
Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100
Note : (i) Simple (but not scientific) calculator is allowed during

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examination.
(ii) Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any
three from the next four questions.
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1. (a) Using 8- decimal digit floating-point 3
representation (4 digits for mantissa, 2 digits
nm

for exponent and one each for sign of

exponent and mantissa), represent the
following numbers in normalized floating
point form :
sig

(i) — 47.65
(ii) 0.00658
(iii) — 98674
(use chopping, if required)
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(b) Find the sum of two floating numbers 2

x1 = 0.3425 x 102 and x2 = 0.5307 x 103.
(c) Find the product of two numbers in (b) above 2
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(d) What is overflow ? Give an example of 3

multiplication due to which overflow
OMITS.
(e) Write the following system of linear 2
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equations in matrix form :

—3x+5y=11
9x + 14y =3

BCS-054 1 P.T.O.
 (f) Solve the following system of linear 3

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equations using Gauss elimination
method :
2x + 5y =9

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4x + 3y = 11
(g) Find an interval in which, the following 2
equation has a root x2 — 5x +6=0

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(h) Write briefly the steps of bisection method 3
to find roots of an equation
(i) Write the expressions which are obtained 3
by applying each of the following operators

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to f (x) , for some :
(i) A (ii) V (iii) 8
(j) Write V and 8 in terms of E 2
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(k) State the following two formulae for 3
interpolation
(i) Newton's Backward difference
nm

formula
(ii) Bessel's formula
(1) Construct a difference table for the 2
following data :
sig

x 1 3 5 7
f (x ) 4 6 8 10
(m) From the Newton's Backward formula 3
As

asked in part k(i) derive rule / formula for

finding derivative of a function f (x) at x0
(n) State Simpson's rule for computing 3
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fah f x ) dx

(o) Define each of the concepts with suitable 4

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examples
(i) Differential Equation
(ii) Initial value problem

BCS-054 2
 2. (a) Briefly discuss how zero is represented as a 4

m
floating point number for the 8-decimal digit
representation mentioned in Q.No. 1(a).
(b) For each of the following numbers find 6

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floating point representation, if possible
normalized, using rounding , if required.
The format is 8-decimal digit as is mentioned
under Q.No. 1(a) :

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2
(i) 7854302 (ii) 2-
3
Find absolute error, if any, in each case.
(c) Let a = 476.9 x 106, b = 657.2 x 104 and

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10
c = — 5.342 x 104 Find out whether ' + 'is
associative for a, b and c ? (i.e, you have to
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find out whether (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)or
not ?)
3. (a) Solve the following system of linear 12
nm

equations, using partial pivoting :

2x1 — 3x2 + 5x3 = 4
x 1 +5x 2 — 4x3 = 2
4x1 + 3x2 — 7x3 = 0
(b) For solving a system of three linear 4
sig

equations, how the two iterative methods,

viz. Gauss-Jacobi method and Gauss-Seidel
method differ from each other.
4
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(c) What are the relative advantages of direct

methods over iterative methods for solving
a system of linear equations ?
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4. (a) For f (x)=5x2 +7 x+8, find .6,3 f (x). 6

(b) Estimate the missing term the in the 8
following data using FD (Forword
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Difference) :
x 100 101 102 103 104
log (x ) 2.000 2.0043 ? 2.0128 2.0170

BCS-054 3 P.T.O.
 (c) Use Linear Interpolation to find f (0, 4) for 6

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f (x) = 6x"

5. Attempt any two of (a), (b) and (c) below :

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(a) Find f'(x)at x = 0.1 from the following table 10
of values :

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x 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
f (x ) 1.1051 1.2214 1.3498 1.4918 2.56

tG
r2 dx
(b) Find approximate value of ji 1±y. using 10
trapezoidal rule using n =1
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(c) Using Euler's method to find the solution of 10
y' = t + y, given y(0) =1 find the solution on
interval [0, 0.8] with h = 0.2. The
nm

independent variable is t.
sig
As
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IGN

BCS-054 4
 No. of Printed Pages : 4 BCS-054
BACHELOR IN COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

m
Term-End Examination
r)
Lc) Jurte, 2014

.co
BCS-054 : COMPUTER ORIENTED NUMERICAL
TECHNIQUES
Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

uru
Note : (i) Simple (but not scientific) calculator is allowed.
(ii) Question No. 1 is compulsory. Attempt
any three from the next four questions.

1. ntG
(a) Using 8-decimal digit floating point
representation (4 digits for mantissa, 2 for
3

exponent and one each for sign of exponent

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and mantissa), represent the following
numbers in normalised floating point
form :
(i) 89.36
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(ii) — 0.00004375
(iii) 87604
(use chopping, if required)
(b) Find the sum of two floating numbers 2
ss

x1 - .5307 x 104 and x2 = .4252 x 103

(c) Find the product of the two numbers in (b) 2
UA

above.
(d) What is underflow ? Give an example of 3
multiplication in which underflow occurs.
(e) Write the following system of linear 2
NO

equations in matrix form :

5x — 9y =14
2x + 5y =11
IG

BCS-054 1 P.T.O.
 (f) Solve the following system of linear equations 3
using Gauss elimination method :
3x+4y=11

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x+3y=7
(g) Find an interval in which the following 2
equation has a root :

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x2 — 7x +12= 0
(h) Write formula used in Newton - Raphson 3
method for finding the roots of an equation.

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(i) Write the expressions which are obtained 3
by applying each of the operators to f(x);
for some h :
(i) 8 (ii) E

ntG
(j) Write A and 6 in terms of E.
(k) State the following two formulae for
interpolation :
(i) Newton's Forward difference formula
2
3

(ii) Stirling's formula

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(1) Construct a difference table for the 2
following data :
x 1 2 3 4
ign

f(x) 1 4 9 16
(m) From the Newton's Forward difference 3
formula asked in part k (i) derive formula
for finding derivative of a function f(x) at
ss

xo.
(n) State Trapezoidal rule for finding the 3
UA

integral f bf (x) dx
a
(o) Define each of the concepts with suitable 4
example.
NO

(i) Degree and order of a differential

equation
(ii) Initial Value Problem
IG

BCS-054 2
 Explain the advantages of normalized 4
floating point number over un-normalized
numbers.

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For each of the following numbers, find 6
floating point representation, if possible
normalized, using chopping, if required.

.co
The format is 8-digit as is mentioned in
Q. No. 1 (a) :
1

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(i) 3 (ii) 987668
Find absolute error, if any, in each case.
(c) Let a = 234.5 x103, b = 4.789 x103 10
and c = — 6.903 x 101
ntG
Find out whether ' +' is associative or not
for a, b and c ? (i.e. you have to find out
whether (a +b)+ c = a + (b+ c) or not ?
me
3. (a) Solve the following system of equations, 12
using partial pivoting :
— 3xi + 5x2 — x3 =1
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5x1 — 4x2 + 2x3 = 3

x1+ x2 — 2x3 = 0
(b) For solving a system of linear equations : 4
an x1 + a12 x2 + a13 x3 = bi;
ss

a21 x1 + a22 x2 + a23 x3 = b2 and

a31 x1 + a32 x2 + a33 x3 = b3, by iterative
UA

Gauss-Jacobi Method, with initial

approximations, x1 = 0 = x2 = x3, give
formulas for next approximations of x1, x2
and x3.
NO

(c) What are the advantages of iterative 4

methods over direct methods for solving a
system of linear equations.
IG

BCS-054 3 P.T.O.
 4. (a) For f(x) = 7x2 — 3x +11, find 03f(x). 6
(b) Construct a difference table and mark the 8
forward differences for the following data :

m
x 1 2 3 4 5
f(x) 7 15 20 26 35

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(c) Given f(x) = sinx, 6
f(0.1) = 0.09983 f(0.2) = 0.19867; use the
tnethod of linear interpolation to findf(0.17).

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5. Attempt any two of (a), (b) and (c) given below :
(a) The values of y =,5 are given below for 10
x=1.5(0.5)3.5.
x 1.5
ntG2.0 2.5 3.0
J 1.2247 1.4142 1.5811 1.7320 1.8708
3.5

Find y' at x = 2.20 using FD formula.

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3 dx
(b) Find approximate value of using 10
12 1+x2 /
trapezoidal rule using n =1.
(c) We are given the Initial Value Problem (IVP) 10
ign

y'= 1 — 2xy, y(0.2) = 0.1948 with h= 0.2,

using Euler's Method, find y(0.4). The
independent variable is x.
ss
UA
NO
IG

BCS-054 4
No. of Printed Pages : 7 BCS-054

m
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
(BCA) (Revised)

co
Term-End Examination
01734 December, 2014

.
uru
BCS-054 : COMPUTER ORIENTED NUMERICAL
TECHNIQUES

Time : 3 hours
tGMaximum Marks : 100
en
Note : Simple (but not scientific) calculator is allowed.
Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any
three from the next four questions.
nm

1. (a) Using 8-decimal digit floating-point

representation (with four digits for
sig

mantissa, two for exponent and one each

for sign of exponent and mantissa),
represent the following numbers in
As

normalized floating point form (use

rounding, if required) : 3
OU

(i) 9561

(ii) — 74.794
IGN

(iii) — 0.00726

BCS-054 1 P.T.O.
 (b) What is an overflow ? Give an example

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involving addition of numbers in which
overflow occurs.

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(c) Find the sum of two floating-point
numbers :

.
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x1 =0.4507 x 103 and x2 = 0.5671 x 105

(d) Find the product of the two numbers given

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in question. no. 1(c) above. 2
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(e) Write the following system of linear
equations in matrix form : 2
— 8x + 6y = 13
nm

9x — 5y = 7

(f) Solve the following system of linear

sig

equations using Gauss Elimination

method : 3
4x + 3y = 1
As

7x — 2y = — 20
OU

(g) Find an interval in which the following

equation has a root : 2
IGN

2
x - 8x + 11 = 0

BCS-054 2
 (h) Write the formula used in Regula-Falsi

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method for finding the roots of an equation. 3

(i) Write the expressions which are obtained

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by applying each of the operators to f(x), for
some h: 3

.
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(j)
tG
Write each of V and IA in terms of E. 2
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(k) State the following two formulae for
interpolation : 3
(i) Newton's Backward difference
nm

formula
(ii) Stirling's formula
sig

(1) Construct a difference table for the

following data :
As

x 1 2 3 4
f(x) 2 9 28 65
OU

(m) From the Newton's Backward difference

formula asked in part k(i) above, derive the
formula for finding derivative of a function
IGN

f(x) at xo. 3

BCS-054 3 P.T.O.
 (n) State Simpson's (1/3) rule for finding the

m
value of the integral f f(x) dx. 3

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a

(o) Explain each of the following concepts with

.
a suitable example for each : 4

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(i) Degree and order of a differential
equation
(ii) Boundary Value Problem

2. tG
(a) Can the number zero (0) be represented as
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a normalized floating point number ? Why
or why not ? Further, under representation
nm

of question no. 1(a), how many floating

point representations (including all
un-normalized representations) are
possible for the number zero ?
sig

4
(b) For each of the following numbers, find the
floating point representation, if possible
As

normalized, using rounding if required.

The format is 8-digit as is mentioned in
OU

question no. 1(a) : 6

(i) 2/7
(ii) 896786
IGN

Further, find absolute error, if any, in each

case.

BCS-054 4
 (c) Find the product of the two numbers : 6

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a = - 0.5203 x 104 and b = - 0.6251 x 10-5.

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(d) Find the approximate value of e = el, by
taking first four terms of Maclaurin's
series, and also find truncation error. 4

.
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3. (a) Solve the following system of equations,
using partial pivoting Gaussian

tG
elimination method (compute upto two
places of decimal only) :
2x1 - 3x2 + 4x3 = 3
12
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3x1 + 5x2 - 2x3 = 6
x1 - 2x2 - x3 — 2
nm

(b) Give formula for next approximations of

values of xl, x2 and x3 using Gauss-Seidel
sig

method for solving a system of linear

equations of the form 4
all x1 + a12 x2 + a13 x3 = bi;
As

a21 xi + a22 x2 + a23 x3 b2 and

a31 xi + a32 x2 + a33 x3 7-- b3.
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(c) What are the advantages of Direct methods

over Iterative methods for solving a system
IGN

of linear equations ? 4

BCS-054 5 P.T.O.
 4. (a) For f(x) = 8x3 — 5x2 + 12, find 44 f(x). 6

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(b) Construct a difference table and mark the

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backward differences for the following
data : 8

.
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x 1 2 3 4 5 6
f(x) 5 13 18 24 33 40

(c)
tG
Estimate the missing term 'A' in the
following data, where it represents a
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polynomial of degree three : 6

x: 1 2 3 4 5
nm

f(x) : 3 7 A 21 31
sig

5. Attempt any two parts of (a), (b) and (c).

As

(a) Given the following values of f(x) = in (x),

OU

find the approximate value of 62.0). 10

x 2.0 2.2 2.6

IGN

f(x) 0.69315 0.78846 0.95551

BCS-054 6
 I dx
(b) Find the approximate value of I =

m
1+x
0
using Simpson's (1/3) rule (three points). 10

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(c) Solve the following IVP using Euler's

.
uru
method : 10
y' = 1— 2xy, y(0.2) = 04948
Find y(0.4) with h = 0-2.

tG
en
nm
sig
As
OU
IGN

BCS-054 7 7,000
 No. of Printed Pages : 7 I BCS-054

m
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
(BCA) (Revised)

.co
Term-End Examination
June, 2015

uru
BCS-054 : COMPUTER ORIENTED NUMERICAL
TECHNIQUES

Time : 3 hours
ntG Maximum Marks : 100

Note : Simple (but not scientific) calculator is allowed.

me
Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any
three from the next four questions.
ign

1. (a) Using an 8-decimal digit floating point

representation (4 digits for mantissa, 2 for
exponent and one each for sign of exponent
ss

and sign for mantissa), represent the

following numbers in normalised floating
UA

point form (using chopping, if required) :

(i) 87426
NO

(ii) - 94.27
IG

- 0.000346

BCS-054 1 P.T.O.
 (b) For the following two floating point

m
numbers

x1 = 0.4527 x 104 and x2 = 0.5243 x 103 ,

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find x1 - x2 . 2

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(c) Find the product of x 1 and x2 given in
Q. No. 1(b) above. 2

(d)
ntG
What is underflow ? Explain it with an
example of multiplication in which
underflow occurs. 3
me
(e) Write the following system of linear
equations in matrix form :
ign

6x + 8y = 10

- 5x + 3y = 11
ss

(f) Solve the system of linear equations given

UA

in Q. No. 1 (e) above.

NO

(g) Find an interval in which the following

equation has a root : 2
IG

4x2 - 4x - 3 = 0

BCS-054 2
 (h) Give one example of each of (i) algebraic

m
equation (ii) transcendental equation. 2

(i) Write the expressions, which are obtained

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by applying each of the operators to f(x), for
some h : 4
(i) V

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(j) ntG
Write A and 8 in terms of E. 2

(k) State the following two formulae for (equal

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interval) interpolation : 3
(i) Newton's Backward Difference
Formula
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(ii) Newton's Forward Difference Formula

(1) Construct a difference table for the

ss

following data : 2
UA

x 1 2 3 4
fix) 2 9 28 65
NO

(m) From the Newton's Forward Difference

Formula asked in Q. No. 1(k) (ii) above,
derive the formula for finding derivative of
IG

a function at x0. 3

BCS-054 3 P.T.O.
 (n) State Simpson's (1/3) rule for finding the

m
value of the integral r f(x) dx. 3

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a

(o) Explain each of the following concepts with

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a suitable example : 4
(i) Initial Value Problem
(ii) Degree and order of a differential
equation

2. ntG
(a) Let min. and max. represent respectively
minimum and maximum positive real
me
numbers representable by some floating
point number system. Can every real
number between max. and min. be
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representable by such a number system ?

Explain the reason for your answer. 4

(b) For each of the following numbers, find

ss

the floating point representation, if

possible normalized, using chopping, if
UA

required. The format is 8-digit as is

mentioned in Q. No. 1(a) above :
NO

(i) 3/11
(ii) 74.0365
Further, find the absolute error, if any, in
IG

each case. 6

BCS-054 4
 (c) Find a 4- b (a divided by b) for the floating

m
point numbers : 6

a = - 0.4783 x 104; b = 0.5237 x 10-5.

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(d) Find the Taylor's series for I-1 at a = 1. 4

uru
3. (a) Solve the following system of equations,
using partial pivoting Gaussian
elimination method (compute upto two
places of decimal only) : 12

ntG
4x1 - 5x2 + 6x3 = 24
3x1 - 7x2 + 2x3 = 17
5x1 + 2x2 - 4x3 = - 21
me
(b) What are the advantages of Direct methods
over Iterative methods for solving a system
of linear equations ? 4
ign

(c) For solving the following system of linear

equations
a11 x1 + a 12 X2 4- a13 = b1,
ss

a21 + a 22 X2 + a23 x3 = b2 and

UA

a31 x1 + a32 x2 + a33 x3 = b3

with a n * 0 * a22 and a33 * 0, by iterative

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Gauss-Jacobi Method, with initial

approximations as x 1 = 1 = x2 = x3,
find the values of next approximations of
IG

xl , x2 and x3.

BCS-054 5 P.T.O.
 4. (a) Compute the difference table and mark the

m
forward differences for x = 5. 8

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x f(x)

1 4

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2 7
3 12
4 19

5
ntG 28
me
(b) For the table given above, find Newton's
forward differences interpolating
polynomial and find the value f(1.7) using
ign

the polynomial. 12
ss

5. Attempt any two parts out of (a), (b) and (c)

UA

given below :

(a) If, in the Table of Q. No. 4(a), f(x)

NO

represents the distance covered by a

particle in x units of time, estimate the
velocity and acceleration of the particle at
IG

x = 1-5. 10

BCS-054 6
 (b) Evaluate the integral

m
5

f (2x 2 - 5x + 2) dx,

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0
using trapezoidal rule, with h = FO. 10

uru
(c) Solve the following 117P using Euler's
method : 10

ntG
y' = fix, y) = x + y, given y(0) = 1.
me
ign
ss
UA
NO
IG

BCS-054 7 5,000
 No. of Printed Pages : 5 BCS-054

m
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
(BCA) (Revised)

.co
Term-End Examination
December, 2015 058b9

uru
BCS-054 : COMPUTER ORIENTED NUMERICAL
TECHNIQUES

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

Note : ntG
Simple (but not scientific) calculator is allowed.
Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt
any three from the next four questions.
e
1. (a) Explain, with suitable examples, the 3
nm

advantages of using Normalized form for

representing numbers.
(b) Using 8 - decimal digit floating point 3
representation (with four digits for
sig

mantissa, two for exponent and one each

for sign of exponent and mantissa),
represent the following numbers in
normalized floating point form (use
As

chopping, if required) :
(i) 8975
(ii) — 897.87
OU

(iii) — 0.0078456
(c) For two floating point numbers 2
x1 = 0.6187 x 104 and x2 = 0.5306 x 103, find
x1 — x 2 in floating point representation.
IGN

(d) Find the product of the two numbers given 2

in question number 1(c) above.

BCS-054 1 P.T.O.
 (e) Write the following system of linear 2
equations in matrix form :

m
7x —5y = 9
— 8x — 4y = — 13

.co
(f) Show one iteration of solving the following 3
system of linear equations using any
iterative method. You may assume x = y= 0
as initial estimate.

uru
—8x+ 7y= 15
5x — 2y= —7
(g) Find an interval in which the following 2
equation has a root

(h)
x2 — 5x +6=0 ntG
Write the formula used in Newton-Raphson 3
method for finding root of an equation.
(i) Write the three expressions which are 3
e
obtained by applying each of the operators
nm

to f (x), for some h :

(i) p (ii) E (iii) D
(j) Write each of A andµ in terms of E. 2
(k) State the following two formulae for 3
sig

interpolation.
(i) Newton's Forward difference formula
(ii) Stirling's formula
As

(1) Construct a difference table for the 2

following data :

x 1 2 3 4
OU

f (x ) 2 5 10 17
(m) From the Newton's Forward difference 3
formula asked in part k(i) above, derive the
IGN

formula for finding derivative of a function

f (x) at x0.

BCS-054 2
 (n) State Trapezoidal rule for finding the value 3

of integral fab f (x) dx .

m
(o) Explain each of the following concepts with 4
a suitable example.

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(i) Boundary Value Problem.
(ii) Order of a differential equation.

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2. (a) For each of the three numbers of question 6
number 1(b), find relative error in its
normalized floating point representation.
(b)
ntG
Find approximate value of e by taking first
three terms of Maclausin's series and also
find the truncation error.
4

(c) Solve the following system of linear 5

equations using Gaussian elimination
e
method and comment on the nature of
solution.
nm

12x1 + 18x2 — 5x3 = 25

3x1 — 5x2 + 7x3 = 05
9x1 + 23x2 — 12x3 = 20
sig

(d) Obtain the smallest positive root of the 5

equation x 3 — 5x + 1= 0, by using three
iterations of bisection method.
As

3. (a) Solve the following system of linear 12

equations with partial pivoting
condensation. Gaussian elimination
OU

method.
x1 — x2 + 3x3 = 3
2x1 + x2 + 4x3 = 7
IGN

3x1 + 5x2 — 2x3 = 6

BCS-054 3
 (b) Give formula for next approximation of 4
values of x1, x2 and x3 using Gauss-Seidel

m
method for solving a system of linear
equations :
a11x1 + a12x2 + a13x3 = b1 ;

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a21x1 a22x2 a 23x3 = b2 and
a31 x1 + a32x2 + a33x3 = b3

uru
(c) Describe relative merits of each of direct 4
methods and iterative methods of solving
system of linear equations, over each other.

4.
ntG
(a) The population of a city in a census taken
once in 10 years is given below in thousands.
Estimate the value in 1965.
8

Year 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

e
Population 35 42 58 84 120 165
nm

(b) Derive the operators E and A in terms of 8. 5

(c) Find Newton's backward difference form of 7
interpolating polynomial for the data :
sig

x 4 6 8 10
f (x ) 19 40 83 155
Hence evaluate f (9).
As

5. Attempt any two parts of (a), (b) and (c) given

below :
OU

(a) Find approximate value of I = JJ1 4 +dx3x

3 10
IGN

1
using Simpson's 1 — rule (three points).
3

BCS-054 4 P.T.O.
 (b) The values of y = ,fix are given below for 10
x = 1.5(0.5)3.5

m
x 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

.co
f(x ) 1.2247 1.4142 1.5811 1.7320 1.8708
Find y' and y' at x = 3.25 using BD formula.
(c) Solve the following IVP using Euler's 10

uru
method :
y' =1 — 2xy, y(0.2) = 0.1948, Find y(0.4)
with h = 0.2.
e ntG
nm
sig
As
OU
IGN

BCS-054 5
 No. of Printed Pages : 7 I BCS-054 I

m
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
(BCA) (Revised)

.co
Term-End Examination
June, 2016
041--:1- 16

uru
BCS-054 : COMPUTER ORIENTED NUMERICAL
TECHNIQUES
Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

tG
Note : Simple (but not scientific) calculator is allowed.
Question no. 1 is compulsory. Attempt any three
en
questions from the next four questions.
nm

. (a) Explain the concepts of (i) chopping,

(ii) rounding, each with a suitable example. 3
sig

(b) Using 8-decimal digit floating-point

representation (with four digits for
mantissa, two for exponent and one each
As

for sign of exponent and mantissa),

represent the following numbers in
normalized floating point form (use
OU

chopping, if required) : 3
(i) 89543
(ii) — 89.766
IGN

(iii) 0.0007345

BCS-054 1 P.T.O.
 (c) For two floating point numbers
x1 = 0.7108 x 10 5 and x2 = 0.8701 x 10 4 ,

m
find x1 + x2. 2

.co
(d) Find the product of the two numbers given
in question no. 1(c) above.

uru
(e) Write the following system of equations in
matrix form : 2

tG
— 9x — 8y = — 4
3x + 4y = — 17
en
(f) Show one iteration of solving the following
system of linear equations using any
nm

iterative method. You may assume

x = y = 0 as the initial estimate :
— 6x + 8y = — 2
4x + 7y = — 11
sig

(g) Find an interval in which the following

As

equation has a root : 2

x2 + 9x + 20 = 0
OU

(h) Write the formula used in Secant method

for finding the root of an equation. 2
IGN

BCS-054 2
 (i) Write the three expressions which are
obtained by applying each of the following

m
operators to f(x), for some h : 3
(i) E

.co
(ii) A
(iii)

uru
(j) Write each of V and 8 in terms of E. 2

(k) State the following two formulae for

interpolation : 3
(i) Newton's
formula
backward
tG
difference
en
(ii) Bessel's formula

(1) Construct a difference table for the

following data :
nm

x 4 5
f(x) 13 22 33 46
sig

(m) From the Newton's backward difference

formula asked in part k(i) above, derive the
As

formula for finding the derivative of a

function at x = xo. 3
OU

(n) State Simpson's 3rule for finding the

3
IGN

value of f(x) (Ix .

a
BCS-054 3 P.T.O.
 (o) Explain each of the following concepts with
a suitable example : 4

m
(i) Order of a differential equation

.co
(ii) Initial Value Problem
(iii) Degree of a differential equation

uru
(iv) Non-linear . differential equation

2. (a) For each of the three numbers of

tG
Q.No. 1(b), find relative error in its
normalized floating point representation.
en
(b) Using Maclaurin's series expansion, find
nm

the value of (1 - x) -1, at x = 0, by taking

the first three terms and find truncation
error. 4
sig

(c) Attempt to solve the following system of

linear equations using the Gauss
As

elimination method :
3x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 3
OU

2x1 +x2 +x3 = 0

6x1 + 2x2 + 4x3 = 6

IGN

Does the solution exist ? If yes, how many ? 5

BCS-054 4
 (d) Starting with xo = 0, perform two iterations
to find an approximate root of the equation

m
x3 — 4x + 1 = 0, using Newton-Raphson
method. 5

.co
3. (a) Solve the following system of linear
equations using Gaussian elimination

uru
method with partial pivoting condensation :
3x2 + 4x3 = 2
4x1 — 2x2 + x3 = 18

tG
3x1 + 4x2 + 5x3 = 11
Compute upto two decimals only. 12
en
(b) Give the formula for next approximation of
nm

values of x1, x2 and x3 using Gauss-Jacobi

iterative method for solving the following
system of linear equations : 4
sig

a11x1 a12x2 a13x3 = bl

a21x1 a22x2 a23x3 = b2
As

a31x1 + a32x2 + a33x3 = b3

OU

(c) Discuss the relative merits and demerits of

direct methods over iterative methods for
solving a given system of linear equations. 4
IGN

BCS-054 5 P.T.O.
 4. (a) Construct a difference table for the
following data and mark the forward

m
differences by underlying the numbers 8

.co
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

7 13 18 25 35 48 62 78

uru
Y

(b) Derive the operators 8 and A in terms of E. 5

(c)
tG
Find Newton's backward difference form of
en
interpolating polynomial for the following
data :
nm

x 3 5 7 9 11 13

fi x) 16 36 64 100 144 196

sig

Hence evaluate f(12). 7

As

5. Attempt any two parts of (a), (b) and (c) given

below :
OU

(a) Find the approximate value of

1
dx 1
I = using Simpson's rule
2 + 3x 3
IGN

0
(three points). 10

BCS-054
 (b) The values of y = are given below for
x = 1.5 (0.5) 3.5.

m
x 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

.co
f(x) 1.2247 1.4142 1.5811 1.7320 1.8708

Find y' and y" at x = F75 using FD

uru
formula. 10

(c) Solve the following NP using Euler's

tG
method :
y` = fft, y) =1 + y; given y(0) = 1
en
Find the solution on [0, 0.8] with h = 0-2. 10
nm
sig
As
OU
IGN

BCS-054 5,000
 No. of Printed Pages : 5 I BCS-054 I

m
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
(RCA) (Revised)

.co
Term-End Examination
December, 2016

uru
11-1E1* -1

BCS-054 : COMPUTER ORIENTED NUMERICAL

TECHNIQUES
Time : 3 hours

Note :
tG Maximum Marks : 100
en
(i) Calculator, including scientific, is allowed
during examination. However, each step of
nm

numerical calculation should be explicitly

carried out by the examinee.
(ii) Question no. 1 is compulsory. Attempt any
sig

three from rest of the four questions.

1. (a) Find the sum of two floating point numbers

As

a= 0-5403 x 103 and b = 0-7182 x 104. 3

(b)
OU

Find the product of the two numbers a and

b given above.
(c) Define what is `underflow'. Give an
IGN

example of multiplication due to which

underflow occurs. 4

BCS-054 1 P.T.O.
 (d) Write the following system of linear

m
equations in matrix form : 3
8x + lly = 19

.co
12x + 5y = 17

(e) Solve the following system of linear

equations using Gauss elimination method : 4

uru
5x — 3y = 7
— 2x + 9y = 5

tG
(f) Find an interval in which the following
equation has a root : 3
x2 + X - 2 = 0
en
(g) Write briefly the steps of bisection method
to find out the roots of an equation. 4
nm

(h) Write the expressions which are obtained

by applying each of the following operators
to f(x) : 4
sig

(i) 8
(ii) V
As

(i) Write E in terms of each of V and 8

separately. 3
OU

(j) Construct the difference table for the

following data :

x 1 5 9 13
IGN

f(x) 5 17 29 41

BCS-054 2
 (k) State the following two formulae for

m
interpolation (for equal intervals) :
(i) Newton Forward Difference Formula

.co
(ii) Bessel's Formula
(1) Explain the concept of 'Initial Value
Problem' with an example.

uru
2. (a) Solve the following system of linear
equations, using partial pivoting : 15

tG
4x1 — 5x2 + 6x3 = — 24
+ 3x2 — 5x3 = 22
en
— 2x1 + 8x2 + x3 = 11
(b) What are the relative advantages of
nm

iterative methods over direct methods for

solving a system of linear equations ? 5
sig

3. (a) For fix) = 3x3 + llx - 5, find V3 fix) in

terms of h, where h is an equally spaced
interval. 8
As

(b) Estimate the missing term in the following

data using backward difference assuming
OU

that the data is a valid representation of

polynomial of degree 3 : 12
x 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
IGN

fix) 3.3201 4.0552 4.9530 ? 7.3891

BCS-054 3 P.T.O.
 4. Attempt any two of (a), (b) and (c) below :

m
(a) Find f'(x) at x = 0.25 from the following
table of values : 10

.co
x 0.2 0.3 0.4 0-5 0.6
f(x) 2.1082 2.8706 3.4013 3.9121 4.3012

uru
3

(b) Find the approximate value of 1. . dx ,

3 + 4x

tG 2
using Trapezoidal rule, with 5 equal parts
en
of [2, 3]. 10

(c) Using Euler's method to find the solution

nm

of dy/dx = 3x + y, given y(0) = 3, find the

solution on the interval [0, 0.8] with
h = 0.2, where x is the independent
sig

variable and y is the dependent variable. 10

5. (a) Using the 8-decimal digit floating point

representation (4 digits for mantissa,
As

2 digits for exponent, and one each for sign

of exponent and mantissa), represent the
OU

following numbers in normalized floating

point form : 4
(i) — 98.37
IGN

(ii) 0.000893
(Use chopping, if required)
BCS-054 4
 (b) Using the 8-decimal digit format stated in

m
Q5(a) above, briefly discuss how zero is
represented as a floating point number. 6

.co
(c) Let a = 476.9 x 106, b = 657.2 x 104 and
c = — 5.342 x 104. Find out whether `+' is
associative for a, b and c (i.e., you are

uru
required to find out whether
(a+b)+c=a+(b+c)ornot). 10

tG
en
nm
sig
As
OU
IGN

BCS-054 5 8,000
 No. of Printed Pages : 5 I BCS-054 I

m
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
(BCA) (Revised)

.co
Teas...End Examination
04E37:2.
June, 2017

uru
INCS-054 : COMPUTER ORIENTED NUMERICAL
TECHNIQUES
Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

Note : tG
en
(i) Calculator, including scientific, is allowed
during examination. However, each step of
numerical calculation should be explicitly
nm

carried out by the examinee.

(ii) Question no. 1 is compulsory. Attempt any

three from the rest of the four questions.
sig

1. (a) Calculate x - y, for the following two

3
As

floating-point numbers :
x = 0.8706 x 10-3, y = 0.7604 x 10-2
(b) Find the product of x and y given in (a)
OU

above.
(c) Explain what is 'overflow', with a suitable
example of multiplication.
IGN

BCS-054 P.T.O.
 (d) Write the following system of linear
equations in matrix form :

m
— 9x + 17y = — 8
12x = 23

.co
(e) Solve the following system of linear
equations using Gauss elimination method : 4

uru
— 7x+ 5y= 3
2x-8y=-12
(f) Find an interval in which the following
equation has a root :
2x2 +6x-7= 0 tG
en
(g) Write briefly the steps of the Secant
Method to find out the roots of an equation. 4
nm

(h) Write the expressions which are obtained

by applying each of the following operators
to f(x) : 4
sig

(i) V
(ii) A
As

(i) Write A in terms of each of (i) E and (ii) 8

separately.
OU

(j) Construct the difference table for the

following data : 3
x 2 7 11 17 23
IGN

f(x) 17 32 49 73 143
BCS-054
 (k) State the following two formulae for
interpolation (for equal intervals)

m
(i) Stirling's Formula
(ii) Newton's Backward Difference

.co
Formula
(1) Explain the concepts of 'order' and 'degree'
of a differential equation, with an example. 2

uru
2. (a) Using either Gauss-Jacobi iterative method
or Gauss elimination method with partial
pivoting, solve the following system of
linear equations :
tG
3x — 5y + 6z = 11
15
en
5x — llz — 28
2y+ 9z= 31
nm

(b) Discuss the merits and demerits of direct

approach over iterative approach for
solving a system of linear equations. 5
sig

(a) For f(x) = 4x3 — 3x2 + 8, find 63 f(x) in terms

of h, where h is an equally spaced interval.
As

(b) Estimate the missing term in the following

data using FD (Forward Difference)
assuming that the data is a valid
OU

representation of a polynomial of degree 3. 12

x 1.00 1.20 1.40 1-00 F80

IGN

f(x) 2.7183 4.0552 4.9530 6.049

BCS-054 P.T.O.
 4. Attempt any two parts of (a), (b) and (c) below :
4

m
(a) Approximate the value of dx using
4 — 3x

.co
3
the Trapezoidal rule, using five equal parts
of the interval [3, 4]. 10

uru
(b) Using Euler's method, tabulate the solution
of the Initial Value Problem (IVP)
y' = — 3ty2 , y(0) = 1 in the interval [0, 1],

(c)
using h = 0-2.
tG
From the data given in the table below,
10
en
find y' = dx
—Z. at x = 2.75 using Forward

Difference. 10
nm

x 1.5 2-0 2-5 3-0 3.5

y = f(x) 1.2247 14142 1.5811 1.7320 1.8708
sig

5. (a) Using 8-decimal digit floating-point

representation (4 digits for mantissa,
As

2 digits for exponent, and one each for sign

of exponent and mantissa), represent the
OU

following numbers (use chopping, if

required) :
IGN

(i) — 76.384
(ii) 0.00079542
BCS-054 4
 (b) Is `+' associative when a = 0.2134 x 10 5;

m
b = 0.2354 x 103 and c = — 0.2142 x 101 are
three floating-point numbers to be added,

.co
in this order ? You are required to find out
whether (a + b) + c = a + (b + c). 10

uru
(c) Explain the following two concepts with a
suitable example for each : 6
(i) Chopping error

tG
(ii) Rounding error
en
nm
sig
As
OU
IGN

BCS-054 5 3,500
 No. of Printed Pages : 5 BCS-054 I

m
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
(BCA) (Revised)

.co
Term-End Examination
01091 December, 2017

uru
BCS-054 COMPUTER ORIENTED NUMERICAL
TECHNIQUES
Time : 3 hours

Note :
ntG Maximum Marks : 100

(i) Any calculator is allowed during examination.

me

(ii) Question no. 1 is compulsory. Attempt any

three more from the next four questions.
n

1. (a) Find the sum of two floating-point numbers

x1 = 0.4325 x 102 and x2 = 0.3507 x 103. 2
sig

(b) Find the product of x1 and x2 given above

in (a). 2
As

(c) Explain what is 'Overflow'. Give an

example of multiplication due to which
OU

overflow occurs. 3
(d) Write the following system of linear
equations in matrix form : 2
IGN

— 8x + 7y = 15
12x — 8y = 4
BCS-054 1 P.T.O.
 (e) Solve the following system of linear

m
equations using Gauss elimination method : 4
5x — 3y = 7

.co
— 7x + 15y = 1
(f) Find an interval in which the following
equation has a root : 2

uru
x2 - 9x + 19 = 0
(g) Write the formula of Newton-Raphson
ntG
method for finding root of an equation.
(h) Write the expressions which are obtained
3

by applying each of the following

me
operators : 3
(i) V
(ii) 8
n

(iii) A
sig

(i) Write V and 8 in terms of E. 3

(j) State the following two formulae for
interpolation : 4
As

(i) Bessel's Formula

(ii) Newton's Forward Difference Formula
OU

(k) Construct a difference table for the

following data : 2
x 1 4 7 10
IGN

f(x) 6 10 14 18

BCS-054 2
 (1) From the Newton's Forward formula asked

m
in j(ii) above, derive a rule/formula for
finding derivative of a function f(x) at
x=x().

.co
(m) State Trapezoidal rule for finding the value
b

f
uru
of the integral f(x) dx .
a
(II) Define each of the following concepts with

(i) tG
one suitable example for each :
Differential Equation
en
(ii) Initial Value Problem

2. (a) Using 8-decimal digit floating point

nm

representation (with four digits for

mantissa, two digits for exponent and one
each for sign of exponent and mantissa),
sig

represent the following numbers in

normalized floating point form (use
chopping, if required) : 3
As

(i) 8795
— 798.78
OU

— 0.0087456

(b) For each of the three numbers in Q. No. 2(a),

IGN

find relative error in its normalized floating

point representation. 6
BCS-054 3 P.T.O.
 (c) Find the approximate value of 'e' by taking

m
first three terms of Maclaurin's series and
also find truncation error.

.co
(d) Obtain the smallest positive root of the
equation x3 — 5x + 1 = 0, by using three
iterations of bisection method. 6

uru
3. (a) Discuss relative merits and demerits of
each of (i) direct methods, and (ii) iterative

tG
methods of solving a system of linear
equations, w.r.t. each other. 4
en
(b) Solve the following system of linear
nm

equations using Gaussian elimination

method, and comment on the nature of the
solution : 6
12x + 18y — 5z = 25
sig

3x — 5y + 7z = 5
9x + 23y — 12z = 20
As

(c) Solve the following system of linear

equations with partial pivoting
OU

condensation Gaussian elimination

method : 10
x—y+ 3z= 3
IGN

2x+y+4z= 7
3x + 5y — 2z = 6
BCS-054 4
 4. (a) For f(x) = 6x2 + 8x + 9, find 03 f(x). 6

m
(b) Estimate the missing term in the following
data, using Forward Difference : 8

.co
x 100 101 102 103 104
log x 2.000 2.0043 ? 2.0128 2.0170

uru
(c) Derive the operators E and A in terms of S. 6

5. Attempt any two of (a), (b) and (c) below :

3
j. dx
tG
(a) Find the approximate value of
en
using Trapezoidal rule, with
1+x
2
h = 0.25. 10
nm

(b) Find f(x) at x = 0.1 from the following

table of values : 10
sig

x 0-2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

f(x) 1.2214 1.3498 1.4918 2.56 3.02
As

(c) Using Euler's method to find the solution of

y' = t + y given y(0) = 1, find the solution on
OU

the interval [0, 0.8] with h = 0.2. The

independent variable is t. 10
IGN

BCS-054 5 8,000
 No. of Printed Pages : 7 I BCS-054 I

m
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
(BCA) (Revised)

.co
nin7r-; Term-End Examination

uru
June, 2018

BCS-054 : COMPUTER ORIENTED NUMERICAL

Time : 3 hours
ntG
TECHNIQUES

Maximum Marks : 100

Note :
me

(i) Any calculator is allowed during examination.

(ii) Question no. 1 is compulsory. Attempt any

gn

three more from the next four questions.

si
As

1. (a) Explain with suitable example, the

advantages of using Normalized form of
OU

representing numbers.

(b) For two floating point numbers

IGN

x1 = 0.7268 x 105 and x2 = 0.6271 x 104, find

— x2 in floating point representation. 3

BCS-054 1 P.T.O.
 (c)

m
Find the product of two numbers given in

question number 1(b) above, in floating

.co
point notation.

(d) Write the following system of linear

uru
equations in matrix form 3

— 8x + 15y = — 1

(e)
ntG
7x — 4y = 10

Find an interval in which the following

equation has a root
me

x2 — 12x + 30 = 0. 2

(f) Write briefly the steps of bisection method

gn

to find roots of an equation. 3

si

(g) Write E and la in terms of V.

As

(h) Write the expressions, one for each, which

is obtained by applying each of the
OU

following operators to fix) for some h > 0 : 3

(i) D
IGN

(ii) E

(iii) V

BCS-054
 (i) State formulae for each of the following

m
interpolations :

.co
(i) Newton's Forward Difference Formula

(ii) Stirling's Formula

uru
(j) Construct a difference table for the
following data :
x 1 2
ntG 3
3

flx) 8 12 17 25
me

(k) State Trapezoidal rule for finding the value

gn

of integral je f(x) dx 4
a
si
As

(1) Explain each of the following concepts with

a suitable example : 6
OU

(i) Boundary value problem

IGN

(ii) Order of a differential equation

(iii) Degree of a differential equation

BCS-054 3 • P.T.O.
 m
2. (a) Using 8-decimal digit floating point
representation (4 digits for mantissa, 2 for

.co
exponent and one each for signs of
mantissa and exponent), represent the

uru
following numbers in normalized floating
point form : 3

(i) 0.000725

— 89.6532
ntG
— 98876
me

(b) Briefly discuss how ZERO is represented

gn

as a floating point number for 8-decimal

digit representation mentioned above in
si

Q. No. 2(a).
As

(c) Let a = 476.9 x 10 6, b = 657.2 x 10 4 and

c = — 5.342 x 104 . Find out, whether `+' is
OU

associative for a, b and c (i.e., you have to

find whether a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c or not),
IGN

using 8-decimal digit representation

mentioned in Q. No. 2(a). 14

BCS-054 4
3. (a) Solve the following system of linear

m
equations, using Partial Pivoting : 11

.co
2x — 3y + 5z = 4

x + 5y— 4z = 2

uru
4x+ 3y— 7z= 0

(b) Explain the relative advantages of direct

ntG
methods over iterative methods for solving
a system of linear equations. 4
me

(c) Solve the following system of linear

equations by Gaussian Elimination Method : 5
gn

8x — 5y =

3x + 7y = 13
si
As

4. (a) The population of a city in a census taken

once in 10 years is given below in
OU

thousands. Estimate the value in 1975. 8

Year 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

IGN

Population 45 52 68 94 130

BCS-054 5 P.T.O.
 (b) Derive operators 8 and A in terms of E. 5

m
(c) Find Newton's Backward difference form of

.co
interpolating polynomial for the data :

x f(x)

uru
6 21
8 42
10 85
12 ntG 157
me

5. Attempt any two parts of (a), (b) and (c) below :

(a) Find approximate value of I =

4

f clx
gn

4 + 3'
2

using Simpson's (1/3) rule taking

si

h = 0.5. 10
As

(b) The values of y = Vi are given below for

OU

x = 1.5 (0.5) 3.5.

x 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
f(x)
IGN

1.2247 '1.4142 1.5811 F7320 F8708

Compute the value of f'(x) at x = 1.0. 10

BCS-054 6
 (e) Solve the following IVP using Euler's

m
method :

.co
y' = 1 — 2xy, y(0.2) = 0-1948

Find y(0.4) with h = 01. 10

uru
ntG
me
si gn
As
OU
IGN

BCS-054 7 5,000
 No. of Printed Pages : 7 BCS-054 I

m
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

.co
(BCA) (Revised)

C.1.4 .,=4 Term-End Examination

December, 2018

uru
BCS-054 : COMPUTER ORIENTED NUMERICAL
TECHNIQUES

Time : 3 hours
ntG Maximum Marks : 100

Note :
e
(i) Use of calculator is allowed during examination.
nm

(ii) Question no. 1 is compulsory. Attempt any

three questions from questions no. 2 to 5.

1. (a) Assume that a floating point representation

sig

is of eight decimal digits with four digits for

mantissa, two digits for exponent and one
digit each for sign of exponent and
As

mantissa. Answer the following, using this

representation (The numbers should be
represented in normalised floating point
OU

form. Use chopping, if required).

Represent :
IGN

(i) — 235
— 2576
(iii) + 0.007567 3
BCS-054 1 P.T.O.
 (b) What are the advantages of representing

m
floating point numbers in normalised form ? 2

.co
(c) If x1 = 2.98 x 102 and x2 = 1.97 x 101 are two
floating point numbers, then find the value
of x1 - x2 . You must show all the steps. 2

uru
(d) If x3 = 2.71 x 104 and x4 = - 1.53 x 10-5 are
two floating point numbers, find the value of
ntG
x3 x x4. Show all the steps.

(e) Write the following system of linear

2

equations in matrix form : 2

e
2x + y + z = 5
nm

x + 3z = 9
2y + 5z = 11
sig

(0 Show one iteration of solving the

following system of linear equations using
Gauss - Jacobi iterative method. You may
As

assume x = 1 and y = 1 as initial estimate. 3

2x + 3y = 8
OU

3x + 5y = 13

(g) Find an interval in which the following

IGN

equation has a root :

4x2 + 4x - 35 = 0
BCS-054 2
 (h) Explain how calculation of next estimate

m
differs in Newton — Raphson method and
Bisection method of solving non-linear

.co
equations.
(i) Write the symbol and formula with respect

uru
to fix) and some value of h for the following
operators :
(i) Forward difference
(ii)
(iii)
ntG
Central difference
Shift operator
(j) Express forward difference and backward
e
difference operators in terms of shift
nm

operator.
(k) State the Newton's forward difference
formula for interpolation.
sig

(1) Given the following data :

x 0 2 10 30
As

Y 5 10 40 70
OU

To find the value of y at x = 5, which of the

methods will you choose from the Lagrange's
method or Newton's backward difference
IGN

formula ? Give reason in support of your

answer.

BCS-054 3 P.T.O.
 (m) From the forward difference formula for

m
interpolation asked in question 1(k), derive
the formula for finding derivative of a

.co
function fix) at x = Xo. 3

(n) State and explain the Trapezoidal rule

uru
geometrically. 4

(o) Define the following terms in the context of

differential equations : 4
(i)
(ii)
Order
Degree
ntG
(iii) Initial condition
e
(iv) Boundary condition
nm

2. (a) Explain the following terms with the help of

an example : 8
sig

(i) Truncation error

(ii) Absolute error
(iii) Overflow
As

(iv) Unstable problem

(b) Obtain the smallest positive root of the
OU

equation
x3 — x — 3 = 0,
by using three iterations of Bisection method. 6
IGN

(c) What is Maclaurin series ? Find the

Maclaurin series of f(x) = e x around x = 0. 6
BCS-054 4
3. (a) Solve the following system of linear

m
equations using Gaussian elimination
method with partial pivoting condensation : 10

.co
x — 2y + z 1
3x + y + 3z = 10

uru
2x + 3y — 5z = 2

(b) Using Gauss — Seidel iterative method,

ntG
show two iterations of solving the following
system of linear equations :
4x1 — x2 + x3 = 10
e
2x1 + 3x2 — x3 = 4
nm

x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 7
Take initial estimate as x1= x 2 = x3 = 0.
sig

(c) Which of the two methods — direct or

iterative, will you choose for the following
As

types of problems. Give reasons in support

of your answer. 2+2=4
OU

(i) When the matrix is dense and order

of matrix is less than 50.
(ii) When you want small rounding off
IGN

errors.

BCS-054 5 P.T.O.
 m
4. (a) Estimate the missing term (shown by 1') in
the following data, if it represents a valid

.co
interpolating polynomial of degree 3 :

uru
x 2 3 4 5

f(x) 3 7 21 31
C- •

ntG
Also find the interpolating polynomial using

Newton's forward difference formula and

e
find the value of f(x) at x = 2-5. 10
nm

(b) Find the Newton's backward difference form

of interpolating polynomial for the following

sig

data :

x 2 4 6. 8
As

f(x) 21 41 80 140
OU

Hence, evaluate f(7). 6

IGN

(c) Find the A2f(x) and 03fix) for the square

function f(x) = x2. 2+2=4

BCS-054
5. Attempt any two parts of (a), (b) and (c) given

m
below. Each part is of 10 marks. 10+10=20

.co
(a) The value of y = x3/2 are given for
x =1.0(0.5)3.0.

uru
x 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

y = x3/2 1.00 1.84 2.83 3.95 5.20

ntG
Find y' and y at x = 1.25 using FD formula.
"

(b) Evaluate :
6
e
(2+x 2 )dX
nm

1
1
using Simpson's — rule with 11 points.
3
sig

(c) Using Euler's method, find the solution of

the differential equation
As

y' = t2 + y, given y(0) = 1.

OU

Find the solution on the interval [0, 0.8]

with h = 0.2 (Please note t is an independent
variable).
IGN

BCS-054 7 6,000
 No. of Printed Pages : 7
I BCS-054 I

m
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
(BCA) (Revised)

.co
Term-End Examination
04:762 •

uru
June, 2019

ntG
BCS-054 : COMPUTER ORIENTED NUMERICAL
TECHNIQUES
Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100
me
Note :
• (i) Use of calculator is allowed during examination.
(ii) Question no. 1 is compulsory. Attempt any
ign

three questions from questions no. 2 to 5.

1. (a) Find the sum of two floating-point numbers

ss

x = 0.6239 x 10 6 and y = 0.5163 x 10 4. 2

UA

(b) Find the product of x and y where the value

of x and y are given in part (a) of this
NO

question. 2
(c) What is `underflow' ? Give an example of
multiplication due to which underflow
IG

MUM. 3
BCS-054 1 P.T.O.
 (d) Write the following system of linear

m
equations in matrix form : 2

3x + 5y + Sz = 0

.co
3y + 2z = 7

2x — 3z = — 6

uru
(e) Solve the following system of linear
equations using the Gauss elimination

ntG
method : 4

13x — 7y = 2

5x + 3y = 15
me
(f) Find an interval in which the following
equation has a root : 2
ign

2x2 — llx + 14 = 0

(g) Show two iterations of Newton-Raphson

method for finding approximate root of the
ss

equation
UA

x2 + x — 6 = 0 starting with x o = 1. 3

(h) Write the notation and formula for the

NO

following operators : 3

(i) Central difference operator

(ii) Shift operator

IG

(iii) Forward difference operator

BCS-054 2
 (i) Write V and S in terms of E. 3

m
(j) Define the term interpolation with the help

.co
of an example. State the Newton's backward
difference formula for interpolation. 2 +2 =4

uru
(k) Construct a difference table for the following
data : 2

f(x)
4

9
ntG
6

15
8

29
10

31
me

(1) From the Newton's backward difference

ign

formula asked in part (j), derive a

rule/formula for finding the derivative of a
function f(x) at x = x 0.
ss
UA

(m) State trapezoidal rule for finding the

approximate value of integral
b
NO

f(x) dx
a
IG

Also show it geometrically. 3

BCS-054 3 P.T.O.
 (n) Define the following terms and give one

m
example for each of the following in the
context of differential equations : 4

.co
(i) Order
(ii) Degree

uru
(iii) Initial conditions
(iv) Boundary conditions

ntG
2. (a) Assuming an 8-decimal digit floating point
representation (with 4 digits for mantissa,
two digits for exponent and one each for sign
of mantissa and exponent), represent the
me
following numbers in normalised floating
point form (use chopping, if required).
(i)
ign

23563255
(ii) — 63.27832
(iii) — 0.0000235
ss

(b) For each of the three numbers in Q.No. 2(a),

UA

find the relative error in its normalised

floating point representation. 6
NO

(c) Obtain the approximate value of smallest

positive root of the equation

x3 + 4x — 12 = 0,
IG

by using three iterations of bisection method. 6

BCS-054 4
 (d) Find the Maclaurin's series of fix) = ex,

m
around x = 0. (Please note ____ ex = ex )
dx

.co
Calculate the approximate value of e using
first four terms of this series.

uru
3. (a) Solve the following system of linear
equations with pivotal condensation
Gaussian elimination method : 10

ntG
2x + 3y — z = 11
x — 5y + 7z = 0
3x — y — 3z = 4
me
(b) Solve the following system of linear
equations using Gauss-Jacobi iterative
method. Perform only three iterations.
ign

5x — 7y + 3z = 15
x — 5x — 2z = 4
3x + 2y + z = 2
ss

Take initial estimates as x = 0, y = 0 and

z = 0: 6
UA

(c) Define the following with the help of an

example :
NO

(i) Ill conditioned problem

(ii) Rounding off errors
IG

(iii) Algebraic equations

(iv) Transcendental equations
BCS-054 5 P.T.O.
 4. (a) Find the Newton's forward-difference

m
interpolating polynomial for the following

.co
data :

x 1 2 3 4 5

uru
f(x) 12 22 44 84 148 242

Hence, obtain the value of f(x) at x = 1.5 and

x = 2-5. 8

(b) ntG
Estimate the missing term (represented
by I') in the following data, if it represents a
me
valid interpolating polynomial of degree 3.

x 1 2 3 4 5
ign

f(x) 5 24 ? 128 225

(c) Given the following data for interpolation :

ss

x 0 1 5 15

20 60 120 200
UA

f(x)

To find the value of f(x) at x = 2, which of

the following methods will be used by you ?
NO

• Bessel's interpolation formula

• Newton's FD formula
IG

• Lagrange's interpolation method

Give reasons in support of your answer. 3

BCS-054 6
 (d) What is inverse interpolation ? Explain with

m
the help of an example.

.co
5. Attempt any two of the following parts : 2x10=20

(a) Find the approximate value of the integral

uru
1.0

I= f V
0.2
dx
1+ x2

ntG
1
by Simpson's 3
— rd rule dividing the interval
[0.2, 1.0[ to 4 equal sub-intervals. Compute
up to four places of decimal only.
me

(b) Find the value of f'(x) or y' and f"(x) or y" at

ign

x = 1.25 for the values of y = x 213 given in

the following table :
x FO 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
ss

y = f(x) = x2/3 1 1.310 F587 1.842 2.080

UA

(c) Solve the following differential equation

using Euler's method :

y' = 1— 2 xy, assume that y(0) = 1.

NO

Find the solution in the interval [0, 0.8] with

h = 0.2.
IG

BCS-054 7 5,000
 696364

m
No. of Printed Pages : 7 BCS-054

co
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER
APPLICATIONS (BCA) (Revised)

.
uru
Term-End Examination
December, 2019

ntG
BCS-054 : COMPUTER ORIENTED NUMERICAL
TECHNIQUES

Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100

me
Note : Question No. I is compulsory. Attempt any
three more questions from the questions no.
ign

2 to 5. Use of any calculator is permitted.

1. (a) Find the absolute error and relative error

ss

in the numbers 432.8 and 0.12584 if four

digit mantissa is used and chopping is used
UA

for approximation. 4

(b) Round the following numbers to two

NO

decimal places : 2

38.21416, 4.3742, 82.375, 2.4869

IG

504 (B.19) P. T. 0.
 [ 2] BCS-054

m
(c) For the following two floating point
numbers :

co
xl = 0.5527 x 10 4

.
uru
and x2 = 0.6243 x 10 3

find x1 - x2 . The result should be rounded

to four decimal digits.

ntG
(d) Find the product of x 1 and x2 given in

Q. No. 1 (c) above. The result should be

me
chopped to four decimal digits. 3
(e) Find the Newton's forward difference
interpolating polynomial for the following
ign

data. Hence obtain the value of f (x) at

x = 1.5 : 6
ss

x f (x)
34
UA
CN1

60
CO 'CP 10 CD

90
NO

124
162
204
IG

(B-19)
 I 31 BCS-054

(f) Write the following system of linear

m
equations in matrix form : 2
x + 2y + 3z = 14

.co
x - y = -1
y + 3z = 11
(g) Solve the following system of linear

uru
equations using Gauss-Seidel iterative
method : 5
x + 6y = 13

ntG
4x- y = 2
Perform two iterations, taking x = 0 and
y = 0 as the initial values.
e
(h) Find an interval in which the following
nm
equation has a positive root : 2
2x3 + x2 - 20x + 12 = 0
(i) Find Of for the following furkctions for
sig

some h > 0 : 3
(i) f (x) = 3x2
f (x) = 2x
As

(j) Find the approximate value of

dx
I = j.0 1—
OU

usingg T aPemcial
•
4, 2 rule
dividing the interval into five equal parts.
10
N
IG

P. T. O.
 [4] BCS-054

2. (a) Using an 8-decimal digit floating point

m
representation (4 digits for mantissa, 2 for

.co
exponent and 1 each for sign for exponent
and sign for mantissa) represent the
following numbers in normalised floating

uru
point from (using chopping if required) : 6
(i) 92752

ntG
(ii) —93.231
(iii) —0.0012345
(b) Solve the following system of linear
e
equations by using Gaussian elimination
nm

method : 8
— x2 — x3 =

2x1 + 3x2 + 5x3 = 7

sig

x1 — 2x3 + 3x3 = —11

(c) Give one example each of the following : 6

As

(i) Ill conditional problem

OU

(ii) Ordinary differential equation (ODE)

of degree 3 and order 2
(iii) A system of inconsistent linear
N

equations in two variables.

IG

(B-19)
 15 BCS-054

3. (a) Consider the initial-value problem : 6

m
y' = 0.2xy, y(1) = 1

.co
Use Euler's method to obtain an

approximation to y(1.2) using h = 0.1.

uru
(b) Using Lagrange's interpolation formula,

find the form of the function y(x) from the

following table. Also compute f (3) : 7

ntG
x
0
y
6
me
2 20
5 56
ign

(c) Write the expressions, one for each, which is

obtained by applying each of the following

operators to f (x) for some h > 0 : 4

ss

(i) V
UA

(ii) 5

(in)
NO

(iv) E

(d) Derive the relation between 5 and E. 3

IG

P. T. O.
 [6] BCS-054

4. (a) Solve the following system of linear

m
equations using partial pivoting : 10
x+y- 5z=0

.co
5x + 2y - z = 18
2x - 2y + z = 3

uru
(b) Find a real root for the equation
x3 + x 5 = 0 .
-

Using Regula-Falsi method, taking x co-

ntG
ordinates of initial points as x = 0 and
x = 2. Perform only two iterations of the
method. 7
me
(c) Make the Newton's divided difference table
for the following data : 3
x (x)
ign

1 10
2 20
4 40
ss

8 80
UA

5. (a) Explain the concept of overflow and

underflow in the context of decimal floating
point number with the help of one example
NO

of each. 6
IG

(B-19)
 7l BCS-054

m
(b) Find by Newton-Raphson's method, the
real root of the equation x 2 — 3x + 1 = 0

co
taking x = 2 as the starting value. Show
three iterations. 7

.
(c) Apply Newton's backward difference

uru
formula to the data below to obtain a
polynomial of degree 4 in x : 7
x y

ntG 1
1-1

—1
C•1

1
CYD

me
—1
•31

1
1.0
ign
ss
UA
NO
IG

BCS-054 7,000
 m
No. of Printed Pages : 7 BCS-054

.co
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER
APPLICATIONS (BCA) (REVISED)

uru
Term-End Examination
June, 2020

tG
BCS-054 : COMPUTER ORIENTED

NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES
en
Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100
nm

Note : (t) Any calculator is allowed during

examination.
sig

(it) Question No. 1 is compulsory. Attempt

any three questions from Question No. 2
to y.
As

1. (a) Write formulas for absolute error and

OU

relative error. If the represented value of

X1 is 3.1428 and its actual value is

IGN

Xi = 3.14285, find absolute and relative

errors. 4

P.T.O.
 m
2] BCS-054

(b) Solve the following system of linear

.co
equations using Gauss Elimination

method : 5

uru
Xi+)(2+X3=3

4)(1 + 3)(2 + 4X3 = 11

tG
9X1 + 3X2 + 4)(3 = 16

(c) Use Newton-Raphson method performing

en
only 2 iterations, to find a root of the
nm

equation x3 — 2x — 5 = 0 near the value 2. 5

(d) Prove that : 3

sig

A=E—1

(e) Using the data given below find 1(2) by

As

using the Lagrange's interpolation

method : 6
OU

x f(x)

0
IGN

1 6
3 8
 I3 BCS-054

m
(f) Calculate the value of the Integral f: x2cbc

by using Simpson's 1 / 3 rule, taking

.co
h . 0.2 . 6

(g) Given that y' = x 2 +y and y(0) = 1,

uru
determine the value of y when x = 0.1,
using the Euler's method. 6

tG
(h) Assume that a floating point
representation is of eight decimal digits
en
with four digits for normalised mantissa,
two digits for exponent and one digit each
nm

for sign of exponent and mantissa. Answer

the following, using this representation
sig

(use chopping if required). 1, 1, 1, 2

(i) — 35678
As

+ 0.0035622

(iii) Addition of numbers given in (i) and

OU

(ii) above

(iv) Multiplication of numbers given in (i)

IGN

and (ii) above.

P. T. 0.
 [4] BCS-054

m
2. (a) Solve the following system of equations by

using Gauss-Seidel iteration method.

.co
Perform only , two iterations taking

x =y= z = 0 as the initial approxima-

uru
tion : 8

8x— 3y + 2z = 20

tG
4x +11y —
en z = 33
6x + 3y + 12z = 35

(b) Find a root of the equation : 8

nm

x3 — 2 = 0

using the Regula-Falsi method. Perform

sig

only two iterations.

(c) Define the order and degree of a

As

differential equation. Find the order and

the degree of the equation : 4

OU

d3y rdyt
dx3 dx
IGN
 5 BCS-054

3. (a) Using Newton's forward interpolation

m
formula on the table of values given below,

.co
obtain the value of y when x = 0.4 : 7
• x
1.1 0.21

uru
1.3 0.69
1.5 1.25

tG
1.7 1.89
1.9 2.61
en
(b) Evaluate
+
by subdividing the
nm

interval (1, 3) into 8 equal parts and using

Trapezoidal rule. 6
sig

(c) Solve the following system of equations by

using Gauss-Jacobi's iteration method : 7

As

8x + y + z = 8
OU

2x + 4y + z = 4

x + 3y + 5z = 5
IGN

• Perform any two iterations.

P. T. 0.
 [6] BCS-054

m
4. (a) Apply Newton's backward difference

.co
interpolation formula to find f (x) from

the following data. Also compute f (2.5) : 7

uru
x f (x)

0 4

tG
2 24
4 39
en
(b) Solve the following system of linear
equations using Gaussian elimination
nm

method using pivotal condensation : 10

3x - 2y + 6z =17
sig

6x - y + z = 9

2x +12y - z = -12
As

(c) Explain, how the fixed point method for

solving non-linear equations is related to
Newton-Raphson method. 3
OU

5. (a) Evaluate 1 01 e-x2 dx , using Rectangle rule by

IGN

taking h = 0.5. 5
 m
(71 SCS-054

(b) Find the smallest positive root of the

.co
equation x 3 — 3x — 5 = 0 using the Bisection

method. Perform only three iterations. 6

uru
(c) Write the symbol and formula with
• respect to f (x) and h
for the following
operators : 4

(i)
tG
Central difference
en
(ii) Averaging operator

(d) Explain the concept of overflow and

nm

underflow in the context of floating point

decimal number representation with the
help of one example of each.
5
sig
As
OU
IGN

BCS-054 I/ 716
 No. of Printed Pages : 5 BCS-054

om
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
(BCA) (Revised)

Term-End Examination

.c
February, 2021

u ru
tG
BCS-054 : COMPUTER ORIENTED NUMERICAL
TECHNIQUES
en
Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

Note :
m
(i) Any calculator is allowed during examination.
(ii) Question no. 1 is compulsory. Attempt any
ign

three questions from questions no. 2 to 5.

1. (a) Define the terms ‘accuracy’ and ‘precision’. If

ss

1
0·333 is the approximate value of , find
3
UA

absolute and relative errors. 4

(b) Solve the following system of equations,

NO

using Gauss Elimination method. 6

x + y + z = 3 ; 3x + 2y + 3z = 18;
IG

x + 4y + 9z = 16

BCS-054 1 P.T.O.
 (c) Find the root of the equation x3 + 2 = 0, by

om
using Newton-Raphson method, taking
initial approximation as –1. Perform only
two iterations. 5

.c
(d) Express the operators (i)  (ii)  (iii)  in

ru
terms of operator E. 4

(e) Find the Lagrange interpolating polynomial

u
that fits the following data : 6

tG
x: en 0 1 2

f(x) : 2 3 12

6
m
(f) Evaluate the integral
 (x 2  x  2) dx
ign

0
using Trapezoidal rule, with h = 1·0. 5

(g) Find the smallest positive root of the

equation x2 – x – 1 = 0 by Bisection method.
ss

Perform only three iterations. 5

UA

(h) Assume that a floating point representation

is of eight decimal digits with four digits for
normalised mantissa, two digits for exponent
NO

and one digit each for sign of exponent and

mantissa. Answer the following, using this
representation. (Use chopping if required)
1+1+1+2=5
IG

(i) 0·035119
BCS-054 2
 (ii) 42·169

om
(iii) Addition of numbers given in (i) and
(ii) above.
(iv) Multiplication of numbers given in (i)

.c
and (ii) above.

ru
2. (a) Find the interpolating polynomial fitting the

u
following data using Newton’s backward

tG
difference interpolating method. 7

x: 0 1 2 3 4
en
f(x) : 10 9 6 1 –6
m
Hence, evaluate f(3·5).
ign

(b) Construct the forward difference table and

determine the term missing in the following
data. You may assume 4 y0 = 0. 8
ss

x: 100 101 102 103 104

UA

f(x) : 2·000 2·0043 ? 2·0128 2·0170

(c) Using Divided Difference table verify that

NO

for f(x) = x3 ; f[a, b, c] = a + b + c. 5

IG

BCS-054 3 P.T.O.
 3


1
3. (a) Evaluate x dx using Simpson’s rule,

om
3
1
with h = 0·5. 5

.c
(b) Solve the following system of equations by
using Gauss-Jacobi method. Perform only

ru
two iterations, assuming x1 = x2 = x3 = 0 as
the initial approximation. 6

u
2x1 – x2 + x3 = – 1

tG
x1 + 2x2 – x3 = 6
x1 – x2 + 2x3 = – 3
en
(c) Solve the following system of linear
equations using Gaussian elimination
m
method using pivotal condensation. 9
x + y + 10z = 14
ign

5x – y + z = 9
x – 4y + z = – 5
ss

4. (a) Use Secant method to find the smallest

positive root of the equation f(x) = 2x – 5x + 2.
UA

Perform only two iterations. 7

(b) What are the pitfalls of Gauss elimination
method ? Discuss with the help of an
NO

example for each. 5

(c) Given that y = xy and y(0) = 1, determine
the value of y when x = 0·4, using Euler’s
IG

method with h = 0·1. 8

BCS-054 4
 5. (a) Solve the following system of equations by
using Gauss-Seidel method. Perform only

om
two iterations, assuming x1 = x2 = x3 = 0 as
the initial approximation. 7
– 4x1 + x2 + 10x3 = 21

.c
5x1 – x2 + x3 = 14

ru
2x1 + 8x2 – x3 = – 7

u
(b) Write the formula for the following
operations for function f(x) and step size h. 6

tG
(i) 
(ii) 
en
(iii) 
(iv) 
m
(v) 
(vi) D
ign

(c) State the following formulae : 4

(i) Stirling formula for Interpolation
ss

(ii) Bessel’s formula for Interpolation

(d) Explain the concept of Boundary Value

UA

Problem with suitable example. 3

NO
IG

BCS-054 5 P.T.O.
 [2] BCS-054

Which of the following numbers are not in

No. of Printed Pages : 7 BCS-054
normalised form ? Convert all the numbers

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER to normalised form :

APPLICATIONS (BCA) (REVISED) (i) + 0 1

o
2
m 3 – 1 5

Term-End Examination

u .c
r
June, 2021 (ii) – 1 2 3 4 + 0 0

BCS-054 : COMPUTER ORIENTED

u
tG
NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES
(iii) – 0 0 0 1 + 0 2
Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100

e n
(b) Solve the following system of equations

m
Note : (i) Any calculator is allowed during
using Gauss-elimination method. Does this
examination.

(ii) Question No. 1 is compulsory. Attempt

ig n method produce a solution for this system ?

s
5

s
any three more from the next four
6x + 2y + 4z = 6

1.
questions.

U A
(a) Consider the following decimal floating
3x + 2y + z = 3

O
2x + y + z = 0

N
point representation for a number having
(c) Find the smallest positive root for the

IG
base 10 : 3
equation using bi-section method : 7

x 3 + 3x 2 − 6 = 0

Show three iterations.

P. T. O.
 [3] BCS-054 [4] BCS-054

(d) Construct the difference table for the data : 0.4 dx

3
(g) Evaluate the integral I = ∫0 (1 + 2x )2
by

x f (x) using Simpson’s 1/3rd rule, by dividing the

m
interval into four equal sub-intervals. 7
1 6

o
(h) Find the order and degree of the following
2 12
3 18

u .c
differential equation : 2

r
4 25 3 4
⎛ d3 y ⎞ ⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ d2 y ⎞
5 ⎜ 3 ⎟ + 12 ⎜ − =0

u
List the forward differences for f (1) and ⎟ 3 x ⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ dx ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠

G
backward differences for f (4).

t
(e) Write the notation and the formula in (i) Write the formula for finding the
terms of f (x) and h for the following :
(i) Central difference
2

en numerical differentiation
⎛ dy
⎜
⎝ dx
d2 y ⎞
and 2 ⎟
dx ⎠

m
(ii) Shift operator
using backward difference formula. 4

n
(f) Find the Newton’s forward-difference
interpolating polynomial which agrees
with the table of values given below : 7

s ig 2. (a) Perform
operations
the following
(assume the
floating point
maximum
x
1
f (x)
5
A s mantissa size to be of 4 decimal digits).

U
Use chopping wherever required (answer
2 14

O
should be in normalised form) : 6
3 27
4
N 44
(i) add 0.2345 × 105 and – 0.2205 × 105

5
6 IG 65
90
Using this polynomial, find the value of
(ii) subtract

0.2016 × 105
0.6101 × 102 from

(iii) multiply 0.28 × 10−3 and 0.221 × 104

f (1.25).

P. T. O.
 [5] BCS-054 [6] BCS-054

(b) Using the Gauss-Seidel iterative method, (c) Find the Lagrange’s interpolating
solve the following system of linear polynomial for the following data : 8
equations : 6 x f (x)

m
2x + y = 7
1 4

o
x + 4y = 14

c
3 18

.
Use the initial values x0 = y0 = 1 . Perform

u
7 70
only two iterations.
(c) Using Newton-Raphson method, find the

u r
Hence evaluate f (4) using the interpolating

G
cube root of 10 with initial value as 2. polynomial.

t
Perform 3 iterations. 8

n
4. (a) The values of y = x1.5 are given below for
3. (a) Derive the relationship between E and the

e
x = 1(1)5. Find the value of y' and y" at
following operators : 6
x = 1.5 using F-D formula : 10

m
(i) ∇

n
x f ( x ) : y = x1.5
(ii) δ
(iii) µ

s ig 1 1

s
(b) Find the value of α in the following data, if 2 2.8284

A
f (x) represents a polynomial of degree 3 : 6
3 5.1962

U
x f (x)
4 8

O
1 7
(b) Using Euler’s method, solve the

N
2 15
differential equation : 10

IG
3 α
y′ = x 3 + y 2 ,
4 73
where y (0) = 1. Find the solution on [0, 0.4]
5 135
with h = 0.1.

P. T. O.
 [7] BCS-054

5. (a) Assuming the decimal floating point

representation given in Q. 1 (c), identify
what problems will be encountered, if you

m
perform the following operations. Explain

o
the problem and propose solution, if any : 6

(i) Adding 0.6005 × 1099 with

u .c
r
0.4150 ×1099

(ii) Adding 0.6705 × 1012 , 0.6685 × 105

Gu
t
and – 0.6705 × 1012

(iii) Dividing 0.2003 × 10−53 by

– 0.5000 × 1049
en
(b) How is truncation error related to Taylor

n m
g
series ? Explain with the help of an
example.

s
4
i
(c) For a given value of h, find the values of
∆, ∆2 and ∆3 , if f ( x ) = x 2 .
A s 5

using a diagram.
O U
(d) Derive the formula of Trapezoidal rule
5

N
BCS–054
IG 4,120

P. T. O.
 No. of Printed Pages : 5 BCS-054

om
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
(BCA) (Revised)

Term-End Examination

.c
December, 2021

u ru
tG
BCS-054 : COMPUTER ORIENTED NUMERICAL
TECHNIQUES
en
Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

Note :
m
(i) Question no. 1 is compulsory. Attempt any
three questions from question nos. 2 to 5.
ign

(ii) Any calculator is allowed during examination.

1. (a) Assuming a four decimal digit mantissa,

ss

two digit exponent and one digit each for

sign of mantissa and exponent, perform the
UA

following arithmetic operations, indicate

overflow, if any. Use chopping, if required.
The result should be in normalised form. 6
NO

–2 1
(i) Add 0·7265  10 and 0·7105  10

(ii) Subtract 0·2516  10+2 from 0·1001  103

IG

(iii) Multiply 0·5125  1050 and 0·1251  1052

BCS-054 1 P.T.O.
 (b) Solve the following system of equations
using Gauss-Jacobi iteration method : 5

om
5x + 2y = 19
3x + 5y = 19
Take initial estimate as x0 = 1 and y0 = 1.

.c
Perform only two iterations.

ru
(c) Write the Newton-Raphson iterative scheme
for finding the square root of a positive

u
number n. 4

tG
(d) Write the name and formula of the following
operators : en 3
(i) E
(ii) 
(iii) 
m

(e) Find the Newton’s forward difference

ign

interpolating polynomial for the data given

below :

x 1 2 3 4 5 6
ss

y = f(x) 1 12 33 64 105 156

UA

Hence, calculate the value of f(x) at x = 1·5. 6

(f) Construct the Newton’s divided difference

NO

table for the following data : 4

x 2 3 5 6
IG

f(x) 5 10 26 37

BCS-054 2
 1
(g) Using Simpson’s rd rule, find the
3

om
2


dx
approximate value of I = , dividing
1x
0

.c
the interval into four equal sub-intervals. 7

(h) Define the order and degree of a differential

ru
equation. What is the order and degree of

u
the following differential equation ? 3
5 3

tG
 d4y  7  d 2y 
2    dy   3x 2  
 dx 4   dx   dx 2 
 
en  

(i) Write the Newton’s backward difference

dy
formula for evaluating . 2
m
dx

2. (a) Solve the following equations using

ign

Gaussian elimination method with row

interchange/pivotal condensation method : 8
y+z=1
ss

2x + 3y + 4z = 4
4x + 2y – 3z = 11
UA

(b) Find the first positive root of the equation

x3 + x2 – 10 = 0 by Regula-Falsi method.
NO

Show two iterations. 7

(c) Find the Taylor/Maclaurin series for

IG

f(x) = ex around x = 0. 5

BCS-054 3 P.T.O.
 3. (a) Represent the following operators in terms

om
of E : 3
(i) 
(ii) 

.c
(iii) 

(b) Find the missing term (?) in the following

ru
data, where f(x) is a polynomial of degree 3 :

u
x 1 2 3 4 5

tG
f(x) –3 10 ? 78 145

Also find the interpolating polynomial using

en
backward difference. 10

(c) Find the interpolating polynomial that fits

m
the data
ign

x 1 2 5

f(x) 4 7 28
ss

using Lagrange’s interpolating polynomial

method. 7
UA

4. (a) Given the following values of x and f(x) for

x = 1(0·5)3 :
NO

x 1 1·5 2 2·5 3

y = f(x) 2 4·875 10 18·125 30

IG

Find y and y at x = 1·25 using FD formula. 10

BCS-054 4
 (b) Use the Euler’s method to find the solution
of the differential equation

om
y = t4 + y3 given that y(0) = 1.
Find the solution of the above in the interval
[0, 0·9] with h = 0·3. 10

.c
5. (a) Explain the formula for Trapezoidal rule

ru
with the help of a diagram. Also find the
approximate value of

u
1


dx
I= using Trapezoidal rule

tG
1x
0
with only one interval. 5
en
(b) What is an Inverse Interpolation ? Explain
with the help of an example. 4
m

(c) Explain, whether in arithmetic, with

4 significant digits, the problem of solving
ign

the following system of linear equations

(2·0000)x + (0·6667) y = 2·0000
(1·0000)x + (0·3333)y = 1·0000
ss

is ill-conditioned or not. 5
UA

(d) Compare and contrast the following

methods : 6
(i) Gauss elimination method and
NO

Gauss-Seidel Iterative method

(ii) Bisection method and Regula-Falsi
method
IG

BCS-054 5 P.T.O.
 No. of Printed Pages : 6 BCS-054

om
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER
APPLICATIONS (BCA) (REVISED)

u.c
Term-End Examination

ur
June, 2022
BCS-054 : COMPUTER ORIENTED

tG
NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES
en
Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100
m
Note : (i) Any calculator is allowed during
examination.
ign

(ii) Question No. 1 is compulsory. Attempt

any three more from the next four
ss

questions.
UA

1. (a) Solve the following system of equations

using Gauss Elimination method : 6
NO

x + 2y + z = 3

2x + 3y + 3z = 10
IG

3x – y + 2z = 13

P. T. O.
 [2] BCS-054

(b) Perform two iterations, using Gauss-Seidel

iteration method to solve the following

om
system of equations : 6
10x – 2y – z – w = 3

u.c
–2x + 10y – z – w = 15
–x – y + 10z – 2w = 27
–x – y – 2z + 10w = –9

ur
(c) Find the root of the equation

tG
x3 x 1 0, lying between 1 and 2, by
using Bisection method (perform three
en
iterations). 6
(d) Verify the relation , where
m
and are forward and backward
differencing operations, respectively. 6
ign

(e) Write Stirling’s formula of numerical

differentiation. Briefly discuss its
application with suitable example. 6
ss

(f) Find f(5) by Lagrange’s interpolation

method, for the following data : 5
UA

x f (x)
1 0
NO

3 18
4 48
6 180
IG

10 900
 [3] BCS-054

(g) Compute the integral of function f (x) using

Trapezoidal rule, the value of f(x) for

om
values of x between 0 and 1.0 are tabulated
below : 5
x f (x)

u.c
0 1
0.1 1.2

ur
0.2 1.4
0.3 1.6

tG
0.4 1.8
0.5 2.0
en
0.6 2.2
0.7 2.4
m
0.8 2.6
0.9 2.8
ign

1.0 3.0
2. (a) Perform the following conversions : 6
ss

(i) ( 349)10 to its binary equivalent

(ii) ( 0.3125)10 to its binary equivalent

UA

(b) Compare direct methods and iterative

methods of solving linear algebraic
NO

equations. Give merits and demerits of

each. Give one name of the methods for
each category i.e. direct and indirect
IG

methods. 6

P. T. O.
 [4] BCS-054

(c) Explain Newton-Raphson’s iterative

om
method for finding the qth root of a
positive number N. Also find the cube root
of 10 correct upto 3 places of decimal,

u.c
taking initial estimate as 2.0. 8

3. (a) Verify the following : 6

(i) 0 when f (x) = c, a constant

ur
f (x )

(ii) 2 f (x ) 0 when f (x) = x, an identity

tG
function.

(iii) E2x 2 x2 8x 16, when the value

en
of x varies by a constant increment
of 2.
m

(b) Construct a difference table for data given

ign

below :
x f (x)
1 7
ss

2 13
3 18
UA

4 25
NO

Now perform the following : 7

(i) Highlight the forward differences for
f (1) by drawing circle around the
IG

values.
 [5] BCS-054

(ii) Highlight the backward differences for

om
f (4) by drawing square around the
values.
(iii) Find the highest degree of polynomial

u.c
that can be generated.
(c) Write short notes on the following in the
context of floating point representation :

ur
(i) Precision

tG
(ii) Accuracy
(iii) Significant digit
en
Give suitable example of each. 3+3+1

4. (a) If f ( x ) x3 , find the first and second

m

divided difference of f for x = {a, b, c}. 5

ign

0.8 dx
(b) Evaluate the integral I by
0 1 x
Simpson’s 1/3 rule, divide the interval
ss

0 to 0.8 to 4 equal subintervals. (Compute

upto 5 decimal places only). 5
UA

(c) Use modified Euler’s method to find the

value of y for x = 0.1 and 0.2 from the
NO

dy
differential equation x2 y2 2;
dx
y (0) = 1. (Compute upto 5 places of decimal
IG

only). 10

P. T. O.
 [6] BCS-054

5. (a) Using Runge-Kutta method of order 4,

om
obtain y when x = 1.1, given that y = 1.2
when x = 1, y satisfies the equation
dy
y2 .

u.c
3x 10
dx

(b) Write formula for Euler’s method and use

ur
it to find the solution of equation
y' = f (t, y) = t + y given y (0) = 1. Find the

tG
solution on [0, 0.8] interval with step size
en
h = 0.2. 10
m
ign
ss
UA
NO
IG

BCS–054
 No. of Printed Pages : 6 BCS-054

om
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER
APPLICATIONS (BCA) (REVISED)

u.c
Term-End Examination
December, 2022

ur
BCS-054 : COMPUTER ORIENTED

tG
NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES
en
Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100

Note : (i) Any calculator is allowed during

m

examination.
ign

(ii) Question No. 1 is compulsory. Attempt

any three more from the next four
ss

questions.
UA

1. (a) Solve the following system of equations

using Gauss Elimination method : 6
2x1 + 8x2 + 2x3 =
14
NO

x1 + 6x2 − x3 =
13
2x1 − x2 + 2x3 =
5
IG

P. T. O.
 [2] BCS-054

(b) Solve the following system of equations by

using Gauss-Seidel iteration method

om
(perform two iterations) : 6
8x – 3y + 2z = 20
6x + 3y + 12z = 35

u.c
4x + 11y – z = 33

(c) Determine the value of 12 by Newton-

ur
Raphson method (perform 3 iterations),
taking x0 = 3.5, as initial estimate. 6
(d) Verify the
tG
relation (1 + ∆ )(1 − ∇ ) =1 ,
en
where ∆ and ∇ are forward and backward
differencing operators, respectively. 6
(e) Write Bessel’s formula of numerical
m

differentiation. Briefly discuss its

application with suitable example. 6
ign

(f) Using the Lagrange’s interpolation

method, find the interpolating polynomial
ss

that fits the data given below : 5

xk fk
UA

0 2
1 3
NO

2 12
5 147
IG
 [3] BCS-054

(g) Write Simpson’s 1 rule and use it to

3

om
compute the integral of the function f (x),
the respective values of x and f(x) are
tabulated below : 5

u.c
x f (x)
0 1

ur
0.1 1.01

tG
0.2 1.04
0.3 1.09
en
0.4 1.16
0.5 1.25
m

0.6 1.36
ign

0.7 1.49
0.8 1.64
0.9 1.81
ss

1.0 2.0
UA

2. (a) Briefly discuss the terms accuracy,

precision and significant digits with
NO

suitable example of each. 6

(b) Write formula for Gauss-Jacobi iterative

IG

method. Solve the following system of

P. T. O.
 [4] BCS-054

equations using Gauss-Jacobi method

om
(perform three iterations) : 7

−4 x1 + x2 + 10x3 =
21
5x1 − x2 + x3 =
14

u.c
2x1 + 8x2 − x3 =−7
(c) Write formula for the Secant method. Use
it to perform three iterations for finding

ur
roots of the equation x 3 + 4 x 2 − 10 = 0
near x = 0 and x = 1 (compute upto two

tG
decimal places only). 7
3. (a) Verify the following : 6
en
(i) ∆3 f ( x ) =
0, when f ( x ) = x 2

(ii) En f ( x ) = ex + nh , where f ( x ) = x 2
m

(x varies with constant increment of h)

ign

(b) Find the Newton’s forward difference

interpolating polynomial which agrees
with the following data : 7
ss

x f (x)
1 10
UA

2 19
3 40
NO

4 79
5 142
6 235
IG

Also, obtain the values of f (x) at x = 1.5.

 [5] BCS-054

(c) Find the Lagrange’s interpolating

polynomial for the following data : 7

om
x f (x)
1

u.c
4 –1
1
3 2

ur
1 7

tG
1
4. (a) If f ( x ) = , show that : 5
x
en
+1
f ( a, b, c ) =
abc
m

using divided difference table for

x = {a, b, c}.
ign

1 dx
(b) Evaluate the integral I = ∫0 by
1 + x2
ss

Trapezoidal rule, divide the interval [0, 1]

into 5 equal parts (compute upto 5 decimal
UA

places only). 5
(c) Use Euler’s method to find the solution of
the IVP given below : 10
NO

y′ = − 2ty2 , y (0) = 1

take the interval [0, 1] with step size

IG

h = 0.2.

P. T. O.
 [6] BCS-054

5. (a) Using Runge-Kutta method of order 4,

approximate y, when x = 0.1 and x = 0.2,

om
given that x = 0 when y = 1 and
dy
= x + y . (Take h = 0.1). 10
dx

u.c
(b) Differentiate between the following : 10
(i) Euler’s method and modified/improved

ur
Euler’s method
(ii) Runge-Kutta method (order 2) and

tG
Runge-Kutta method (order 4)
Give advantage and disadvantage of each.
en
m
ign
ss
UA
NO

BCS–054
IG
 No. of Printed Pages : 6 BCS-054

om
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER
APPLICATIONS (BCA) (REVISED)

u.c
Term-End Examination

ur
June, 2023
BCS-054 : COMPUTER ORIENTED

tG
NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES
en
Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100
m
Note : (i) Any calculator is allowed during
examination.
ign

(ii) Question No. 1 is compulsory. Attempt

any three more from the next four
ss

questions.
UA

1. (a) Use Gauss elimination method to solve the

system of linear equations given below : 6
x1  x2  x3  3
NO

4x1  3x2  4x3  8

9x1  3x2  4x3  7
IG

P. T. O.
 [2] BCS-054

(b) Use Gauss Jacobi method to solve the

om
system of linear equations given below

(results should be correct upto two decimal

u.c
places only) : 6

 4 x1  x2  10 x3  21

ur
5x1  x2  x3  14

tG
2 x1  8x2  x3  7 .

(c) Use Bisection method to find positive root

en
of the equation x3  4 x2  10  0 , correct
m

upto two places of decimal. 6

ign

(d) Perform the following : 6

(i) Express operator E in terms of

ss

operator  .
UA

(ii) Express operator  in terms of

operator  .
NO

(e) Determine the Newton’s forward difference

interpolating polynomial that satisfies the

IG

data tabulated ahead : 6

 [3] BCS-054

x f(x)

om
1 1
2 4
3 9

u.c
4 16
5 25

ur
Also, find the value of f ( x) at x = 1.7.

tG
(f) Determine y  and y at x  2.25 , using
en
Newton’s Forward Difference (FD) formula
for the data given below : 5
m

x y  x
ign

1.5 1.2247
2.0 1.4142
ss

2.5 1.5811
3.0 1.7320
UA

3.5 1.8708

(g) Calculate the value of the integral

NO

5.2
4 log x dx , using Trapezoidal rule

(assume h  0.2 ). 5
IG

P. T. O.
 [4] BCS-054

2. (a) Use Euler method to find the solution of

om
y  f (t , y)  t  y , given y(0) = 1, take

h = 0.2 and find solution on [0, 0.8]. 8

u.c
(b) Find Maclaurin’s series of f ( x)  e x around

x = 0. 4

ur
(c) Determine approximate root of the

tG
equation : en 8

cos x  xe x  0
m
using Secant method with two initial

approximations as x0  0 and x1  1 .
ign

Perform two iterations.

ss

3. (a) Write Newton-Raphson iterative scheme to

find inverse of an integer number N. Hence

UA

find inverse of 17 correct upto 4 places of

NO

decimal starting with 0.05. 8

(b) Write expressions for , ,  and 

IG

operators in terms of operator E. 4

 [5] BCS-054

(c) Find Lagrange’s interpolating polynomial

om
for the data given below : 8

x f (x)

u.c
1
4 –1

ur
3 2

tG
1 7

4. (a) Use Divided difference table to find the

en
value of f (a, b, c) , for f ( x)  x3 . 4
m
(b) Use Stirling’s formula for differentiation on
the data given below, to find the value of x
ign

for which f ( x) attains its maximum value :

10
ss

x y = f(x)
UA

1 7

2 15
NO

3 21

4 19
IG

5 3

P. T. O.
 [6] BCS-054

1 dx
(c) Evaluate  0 1  x2 using Simpon’s rule,

om
subdivide the interval (0, 1) into 6 equal
parts. 6

u.c
5. (a) Solve the Initial Value Problem (IVP)
y    ty 2 , y(2)  1 . Also, find y (2.1) and

ur
y (2.2) with h = 0.1, using modified Euler’s

tG
method. 10

(b) Use classical R-K method of order 4 to

en
solve the IVP y  2 y  3et , y(0)  0 ; and

find y (0.1), y(0.2) and y(0.3). 10

m
ign
ss
UA
NO

BCS–054 5,520
IG