Ontents: A P E I - A

A CTION P LAN FOR E NVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT AT - A LANDI FEASIBILITY REPORT
CONTENTS
CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................................I
LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................................................... IV
LIST OF FIGURES..................................................................................................................... IV
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS..........................................................................................................V
PREFACE .................................................................................................................................. VI
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................... VII
PROJECT TEAM.....................................................................................................................VIII
1.0 PROJECT BRIEF.................................................................................................................... 1

1.0 B ACKGROUND.................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 S TUDY AREA STUDY AREA ................................................................................................. 1
1.2 R EPORT STRUCTURE.......................................................................................................... 2
2.0 ECOCITY GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ALANDI ................................................... 3
2.1 T HE NEED AND APPROACH..................................................................................................... 3
2.2 DEVELOPMENT P LAN OF ALANDI – A R EVIEW .......................................................................... 3
2.3 T HE ECOCITY C ONCEPT ......................................................................................................... 6
2.4 MODEL ECOCITY P RINCIPLES.................................................................................................. 6
2.5 GUIDELINES FOR R EVISION OF DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR ALANDI ON ECOCITY P RINCIPLES.................10
3.0 SEWERAGE SCHEME.....................................................................................................12
3.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................12
3.2 EXISTING SYSTEM ...............................................................................................................12
3.3 P ROPOSALS FOR THE NEW S EWERAGE S YSTEM...........................................................................12
3.4 P HASE WISE IMPLEMENTATION ...........................................................................................14
3.5 C APITAL C OST ...................................................................................................................15
4.0 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................16
4.1 EXISTING S CENARIO OF S OLID W ASTE MANAGEMENT............................................................16
4.2 S OURCES OF S OLID W ASTE GENERATION.............................................................................16
4.3 QUANTITY OF W ASTE..........................................................................................................16
4.3.1 Waste generation during fairs ........................................................................................17
4.3.2 Household Waste.........................................................................................................17
4.3.3 Street Sweeping and Drain De-silting..............................................................................17
4.3.4 Commercial and Hotel Waste.........................................................................................17
4.3.5 Vegetable Market Waste................................................................................................17
4.3.6 Bio-medical Waste.......................................................................................................17
4.4 C OMPOSITION OF W ASTE........................................................................................................18
4.5 C OLLECTION OF WASTE .........................................................................................................18
4.5.1 Primary Collection.......................................................................................................18
4.5.2 Secondary Collection....................................................................................................19
4.5.3 Frequency of Collection................................................................................................19
4.5.4 Transportation of Waste................................................................................................19
4.6 DISPOSAL OF W ASTE ........................................................................................................20
4.6.1 Waste Disposal Sites ....................................................................................................20
4.7 INSTITUTIONAL S ET-UP .....................................................................................................21
4.8 S ERVICE INADEQUACY AND KEY ISSUES...................................................................................22
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4.8.1 Absence of Effective Primary Collection Mechanism ..........................................................22

4.8.2 Street Sweeping...........................................................................................................22
4.8.3 Waste from Marriage Halls ...........................................................................................22
4.8.4 Collection of Waste......................................................................................................23
4.8.5 Transportation of Waste................................................................................................23
4.8.6 Unavailability of Solid Waste Disposal Site ......................................................................23
4.8.7 Disposal of Waste........................................................................................................23
4.8.8 Occupational Health Hazards ........................................................................................23
4.8.9 Clearing existing sites...................................................................................................25
4.9 P ROJECT IDENTIFICATION..................................................................................................25
4.9.1 Future Trends of Waste Generation.................................................................................25
4.9.2 Strategies for Solid Waste Management ...........................................................................26
4.9.3 Primary collection of waste ...........................................................................................27
4.9.4 Segregation of Waste at Source ......................................................................................28
4.9.5 Secondary Collection of Waste.......................................................................................28
4.9.6 Transportation............................................................................................................28
4.9.7 Treatment and Disposal................................................................................................29
4.9.8 Composting................................................................................................................29
4.9.9 Area Required for Disposal Site......................................................................................30
4.9.10 Identification of Disposal Site.....................................................................................31
4.9.11 Layout of the Disposal Site and Operations of Land filling...............................................31
4.9.12 Processing of Bio-degradable Waste in the Compost Plant...............................................32
4.10 C OSTING OF S OLID W ASTE MANAGEMENT P ROJECTS ..............................................................33
4.11 S TRATEGIES FOR HANDLING W ASTE GENERATED BY P ILGRIMS .................................................34
4.12 C OMMUNITY P ARTICIPATION AND NGO INVOLVEMENT...........................................................34
4.13 P HASEWISE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOLID W ASTE MANAGEMENT P ROJECTS ............................35
4.14 P RIVATE S ECTOR P ARTICIPATION........................................................................................35
5.0 DEVELOPMENT OF INDRAYANI RIVERFRONT...................................................................37
5.1 ABOUT THE INDRAYANI R IVER ...........................................................................................37
5.1.1 Tributaries and Drainage..............................................................................................37
5.1.2 Water Quality and Usage..............................................................................................37
5.1.3 Adjoining Landuse and Activity Pattern...........................................................................37
5.2 S OURCES OF R IVER WATER POLLUTION................................................................................40
5.3 P ROJECTS IDENTIFIED FOR R IVER F RONT DEVELOPMENT..........................................................42
5.3.1 Activity wise division of central zone ...............................................................................43
5.3.2 Removal of old structures from riverbed and dredging........................................................43
5.3.3 Strengthening of existing weir near old bridge...................................................................43
5.3.4 Construction of mid stream fountains...............................................................................43
5.3.5 Construction of ghats ...................................................................................................43
5.3.6 Construction of steps, boat landing facility and walkway along right bank..............................44
5.3.7 Gardens and soft landscaping........................................................................................44
5.3.8 Construction of steps and development of greenbelt upstream of New bridge...........................44
5.3.9 Construction of Toilet Blocks .........................................................................................44
5.3.10 Lighting on river banks .............................................................................................44
5.3.11 Drinking water fountains...........................................................................................44
5.3.12 Provision of Nirmalya Kalash.....................................................................................44
5.3.13 Removal of solid waste dumped along river bank ...........................................................45
5.3.14 Relocation of existing crematorium..............................................................................45
5.3.15 Security guards........................................................................................................45
5.4 IMPLEMENTATION............................................................................................................45
5.5 S UMMARY OF R IVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS ..............................................................46
6.0 WATER SUPPLY...................................................................................................................48
6.1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................48
6.2 EXISTING S CHEME................................................................................................................48
6.2.1 Source .......................................................................................................................48
6.2.3 Water Treatment Plant (WTP)........................................................................................49
6.2.4 Distribution System......................................................................................................49
6.3 IMPROVEMENTS TO EXISTING S YSTEM .....................................................................................51
6.4 C APITAL C OST AND P HASING OF INVESTMENT...........................................................................52
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7.0 ROADS & TRAFFIC IMPROVEMENT....................................................................................53

7.1 EXISTING R OAD NETWORK ...............................................................................................53
7.2 P UBLIC T RANSPORT..........................................................................................................55
7.4 P ARKING F ACILITIES.........................................................................................................55
7.5 S TREET LIGHTING............................................................................................................57
7.6 S ERVICE INADEQUACY AND KEY ISSUES ..............................................................................59
7.7 P ROJECT IDENTIFICATION AND COSTING...............................................................................62
7.7.1 Road Improvements......................................................................................................62
7.7.2 Construction of Bypass Road to avoid Heavy Vehicle Traffic through the Town. .....................64
7.7.3 Junction Improvements .................................................................................................65
7.7.4 Pedestrian Facilities ....................................................................................................70
7.7.5 Parking Facilities. .......................................................................................................71
7.7.6 Street Lighting............................................................................................................74
7.7.7 Road Safety Improvements.............................................................................................74
8.0 ECO- PILGRIMAGE DEVELOPMENT ...................................................................................77
8.1 NEED FOR DEVELOPING ECO - P ILGRIMAGE ..............................................................................77
8.2 T OURISM ASSET INVENTORY..................................................................................................77
8.3 T OURISM INFRASTRUCTURE ASSESSMENT.................................................................................78
8.4 ASSET DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT ...............................................................................79
8.5 GUIDELINES FOR S USTAINABLE T OURISM .................................................................................79
8.6 C OST ESTIMATE ..............................................................................................................81
9.0 OTHER PROJECTS ...............................................................................................................83
10. ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS..............................................................................................84
11. SUMMARY OF PROJECTS ....................................................................................................86
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1 : Sewage Generation in Alandi.........................................................................................13
Table 3.2 Area calculations for STP................................................................................................14
Table 3.3 : Project Cost .................................................................................................................15
Table 4.1 : Categorisation of Waste ................................................................................................18
Table 4.2 : Physical Composition of Waste.......................................................................................18
Table 4.3 : Details of Transportation Vehicles..................................................................................20
Table 4.4 : Details of Solid Waste Disposal Sites in Alandi.................................................................20
Table 4.5 : Salient Features of Existing Disposal Site.........................................................................21
Table 4.6 : Manpower Deployment for SWM...................................................................................22
Table 4.7 : Solid Waste Management Performance Indicators ...........................................................22
Table 4.8 : Projected Waste Generation ..........................................................................................26
Table 4.9 : Street Sweeping Norms .................................................................................................28
Table 4.10: Area Requirements for Combined Composting and Landfill Plant in Alandi ......................30
Table 4.11 : Cost Estimates for Proposed Solid Waste Management Measures .....................................33
Table 4.12 : Cost Estimates for Proposed Solid Waste Management Measures .....................................35
Table 5.1: Summary of Riverfront Development Projects and Their Costs ..........................................46
Table 6.1: Details of Existing Potable Water Distribution System.......................................................49
Table 6.2: Water Requirements for Domestic Purpose ......................................................................51
Table 6.3 : Water Demands............................................................................................................51
Table 6.4 : Project Cost and Phasing of Investment ..........................................................................52
Table 7.1 : Major Roads in Alandi..................................................................................................53
Table 7.2 : Existing Road Network .................................................................................................54
Table 7.3 : Roads Maintained by PWD and Zilla Parishad ................................................................54
Table 7.4 : Important Traffic Junctions in Alandi ............................................................................55
Table 7.5 : Details of Vehicle Parking at AMC Parking at Chakan Chowk in April 2005.......................56
Table 7.6 : Street Lights ................................................................................................................57
Table 7.7 : Essential Road Network Indicators .................................................................................59
Table 7.8 : Improvement of Major Roads ........................................................................................63
Table 7.9 : Cost of Junction Improvements in Alandi........................................................................65
Table 7.10 : Cost of Providing Parking Facilities ..............................................................................72
Table 7.11 : Cost Estimates for the Proposed Streetlights ..................................................................74
Table 7.12 : Summary of Road and Traffic Improvement Project Costs in Alandi................................75
Table 7.13: Criteria for Selection of Roads and Junctions for Improvement ........................................76
Table 8.1: Religious Tourism Attractions in Maharashtra.................................................................77
Table 8.2 : Cost for Eco Pilgrimage Development Projects .................................................................82
Table 9.1: Details of Projects Identified by Other Agencies ................................................................83
Table 11.1 : Summary of Project Costs ............................................................................................86
Table 11.2 : Summary of Proposed Environmental Improvement Projects ..........................................87
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 : Landuse Plan of Alandi (1988 –98).................................................................................... 4
Figure 4.1 : Solid Waste Management Scenario in Alandi ......................................................................36
Figure 5.1: Proposed Riverfront Development of Indrayani River at Alandi...............................................47
Figure 6.1 : Water Supply Network in Alandi ......................................................................................50
Figure 7.1 : Existing Traffic Scenario in Alandi ...................................................................................58
Figure 7.2 : Proposed Locations for Roads, Junctions and Parking Improvement in Alandi...........................66
Figure 7.3 : Proposed Improvement of Vadgaon Chowk ........................................................................67
Figure 7.4 : Proposed Improvement of Chakan Chowk ..........................................................................68
Figure 7.5 : Proposed Improvement of Y Junction (New MSRTC Bus Stand) on Pune Road.........................69
Figure 7.6 : Proposed Improvements in Parking Facility at Chakan Chowk................................................73
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AMC Alandi Municipal Council
DP Development Plan
EMP Environmental Management Plan
ESR Elevated Storage Reservoir
GLSR Ground Level Service Reservoir
GSI Geological Survey of India
IMD Indian Meteorological Department
LPCD Litres Per Capita Per Day
MLD Million Litres Per Day
MJP Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran
MPCB Maharashtra Pollution Control Board
MPN Most Probable Number
PFR Pre-Feasibility Report
SOI Survey of India
ST P Sewerage T reatment Plant
SWM Solid Waste Management
UA Urban Agglomeration
WSAPL Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited
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PREFACE
T he religious places in India are the most important assets to be preserved since these are also the
most favored destinations for the domestic as well as International tourists. T he State of Maharashtra
has a laudable history of saints and pilgrim places; hence it is rightfully called “ Santanchi Bhoomi”
(Land of Saints). T he religious places in Maharashtra are mostly located in small cities or towns
having population of less than 2 lakhs. T he local authorities neither have adequate funds to protect the
archaeological and heritage importance of such places nor do they have infrastructure that can manage
the floating population that converges on the festive days or the religious occasions at such places.
T his puts a very heavy demand on the available, infrastructure and amenities in such towns and
creates several environmental problems which adversely affect public health and environment.
T he pollution problems arising out of the activities at these places include: water pollution of
adjoining streams, rivers and lakes due to bathing, washing of clothes and human excreta; ground
water pollution due to poor MSW management, noise and dust pollution due to unplanned vehicular
traffic and poor road condition, visual pollution due to littering of plastic bags and containers and
environment unfriendly landscapes etc. T hese problems are aggravated during the festive and other
important days of religious celebrations due to poor / inadequate infrastructure management practices.
Considering the seriousness of the issues the Board considered implementation of project on
environmental improvement of religious places in its 139th Meeting held on January 22, 2004. A
conceptual paper regarding the environmental improvement at Shirdi, Shani-Shingnapur and Alandi
Devasthan was presented at this meeting and the concept of undertaking such projects in Maharashtra
was in principle approved by the Board. It is decided to engage the services of M/s. Wilber Smith
Associates Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore (WSAPL) to undertake the study of Shirdi, Shani- Shingnapur and
Alandi so that a detailed assessment of the environmental problems, infrastructure and financial
resources required to tackle these issues at the above places can be worked out in the first phase
before the actual implementation of the project can be considered by the Board. The project proposals
are based on the concept of eco-city project being implemented by MoEF/CPCB at Mathura,
Vrindavan etc.
Dr. D.B. Boralkar
Member Secretary
Maharashtra Pollution Control Board
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
T he Consultants gratefully acknowledge the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) for
entrusting the study. T he Consultants sincerely thank Dr. D.B. Boralkar, Member Secretary, MPCB,
Dr. A.R. Supate, Project Director, Zoning Atlas Cell, MPCB, Dr. S.B. Katoley, T echnical Advisor,
MPCB for their guidance and support during the course of the study.
T he support provided by the following officials of MPCB is gratefully acknowledged, Mr. V.N.
Mundhe, Regional Officer MPCB Pune, Mr. P.P Dhayagude Sub-Regional Officer MPCB Pune and
all the other staff of MPCB Pune.
T he Consultants acknowledge the guidance and inputs provided by Prof. Vishwanath Karad, Director
General, MIT Pune during the various stages of the study.
T he consultants are also thankful to Dr. Sarang Joshi, T rustee, Shri Kshetra Alandi Devasthan and
other members and officials of the trust for their support and involvement in shaping the study.
T he Consultants are also grateful to the President, Vice President and all the officials of the Alandi
Municipal Council, Public Works Department (PWD), Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran (MJP), the
T ashildar, Khed T ashil, Alandi Police Station and officials of the Shree Kshetra Dehu Alandi Parisar
Vikas Samiti, Assistant Director, T own Planning, Pune and Health Officer, Primary Health Centre
Alandi for their inputs and information provided.
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PROJECT TEAM
Maharashtra Pollution Control Board Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited
Dr. D.B. Boralkar, Member Secretary Dr. B.A. Giridhar, T eam Leader
Dr. S.B. Katoley, T echnical Advisor Mr. A.S. Harinath, Project Co-ordinator
Dr. A.R. Supate, Project Leader, Zoning Atlas Div. Mr. A.S. Kulkarni, Environmental Engineer
Mr. V.N. Mumdhe, Regional Officer, Pune Mr. Jitendra Lonkar, Environment Planner
Mr. P.P. Dhayagude, Sub regional Officer, Pune II Mr. Gajanan Deshpande, Field Engineer
Mr. Uday Patil, JRF Zoning Atlas Div. Mr. N. Dharmendra, WS&S Engineer
Ms. S.V. Kapre, Field Officer, Pune Ms. Roopa Mohan, CAD Expert
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1.0 PROJECT BRIEF

1.0 BACKGROUND
T he land of Maharashtra is blessed by the holy stay of many great Saints and Spiritual
Leaders. Some of the most important pilgrim destinations in Maharashtra are Pandharpur,
T ulajapur, Shirdi, Shani Shinganapur, Alandi, Dehu, Ashta Vinayak etc. T hese pilgrim towns
attract large number of pilgrims for various parts of the country. However, typically all these
places are small towns/villages with populations ranging about a few thousands and hence
lack the necessary infrastructure to cater to the large of pilgrims visiting them every year. As
a result this has put lot of stress on the local natural resources and there has been a steady
degradation of the local environmental conditions.
Considering the seriousness of the issues, the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB),
considered the implementation of a project on environmental improvement of religious places
in its 139th meeting held on January 22, 2004. A conceptual paper regarding the
environmental improvement at Shirdi, Shani Shinganapur and Alandi was presented at this
meeting and the concept of undertaking such a project in Maharashtra was in principle
approved by the Board.
T he objective of the project is to identify the environmental problems of these religious

places, prepare PFR document stating need of the sub-projects, block estimates to enable
consider the appropriate funding sources through various agencies Government/private etc. so
as to improve the overall environment and serenity of these places of religious importance.
For this purpose, MPCB has engaged the services of WSAPL to carry out a detailed
assessment of the environmental problems, infrastructure needs in Alandi.
Based on the initial reconnaissance survey, the typical environmental issues and the areas for
improvement of the related environmental infrastructure were identified and presented in the
form of a Concept Plan, by the Consultant. T he findings of the Conept Plan were discussed in
the meeting held on 5th May 2005 at Maharashtra Institute of T echnology, Pune with MPCB
officials, AMC officials, T emple T rust and Members of the Shree Kshetra Dehu Alandi
Parisar Vikas Samiti.
Further to preparation of the Concept Plan, Feasibility Studies for the shortlisted
environmental improvement projects were conducted. T his report presents the required
improvements in various projects identified/prioritised in Alandi alongwith block cost
estimates for the same.
1.1 STUDY AREA STUDY AREA

Considering the fact that all the activities and development of Alandi are linked to the
Dnyaneshwar Maharaj Samadhi T emple and other religious places in the town, the study area
for the present project is divided into two zones namely, the “ Pilgrim Zone/Core Zone” of
religious activities, and the “ Alandi T own” of the regular civil life in the town. T he area
covered under the two zones is described below.
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Pilgrim Area within the circular boundary of Old bridge, Nagar Parishad, Cosmos
Zone Bank, Markal chowk, Rath, Vadgaon chowk, Pradakshina Marg, Bharav
road, Chakan chowk, new bridge and the Indrayani river. T his essentially
comprises the old Gaothan area.
Alandi Remaining area within the municipal boundary. T his comprises the area on
T own the other bank of the river (Kalewadi), Dehu road, Charholi road, Datta
Mandir, Padmavati road, Vadgaon road, Chakan road, road to water
treatment plant etc.
1.2 REPORT STRUCTURE

T his report is organised in Seven Chapters as below.
T he First Chapter of the report i.e. the present chapter discusses the background of the
project, scope and the study area.
T he Eco city guidelines in the context of Alandi are discussed in the Second Chapter.
T he water supply and sewerage scheme proposed for Alandi are presented in the Third
Chapter.
T he projects identified for solid waste management of Alandi are discussed in the
Fourth Chapter.
Various suggestions for the beautification of the Indrayani Riverfront are presented in
the Fifth Chapter.
T he Sixth Chapter presents the proposed sullage utilisation scheme for Alandi.
T he Seventh Chapter deals with the various projects identified for roads and traffic
improvement.
Projects for development of eco-pilgrimage in Alandi are discussed in the Eight
Chapter.
Other miscellaneous projects are presented in Chapter Nine.
T he likely environmental benefits which can be achieved by implementation of the
suggested environmental improvement projects are discussed in Chapter Ten.
A summary of all the above projects is presented in this Eleventh Chapter.
T he Seventh Chapter summarises the environmental issues in the town and suggests the
projects, which may help to for integrated environmental improvement of the town.

2.0 ECOCITY GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF

ALANDI
2.1 THE NEED AND APPROACH
Preparation and implementation of Master Plans / Development Plans and formulation of
Development Control Regulations are the main tools of ensuring planned growth in urban
areas. T he plans and regulations are generally guided by the land use planning and physical
planning perspectives of cities than the environmental conservation and protection.
While these aspects are important for any rapidly growing urban area, towns/cities with
special character like religious importance, tourist interest, etc. need extra care in managing
their growth and conserving their environmental resources. T he Development Plans of these
towns, irrespective of their size and growth patterns, should be guided more by their specific
characters of development and factors of environmental importance than conventional
planning guide lines. In the light of the above factors, the Development Plan of Alandi was
reviewed with special emphasis on its suitability to conserve environmental resources and
ensuring sustainable development. T he out come of the above review was further correlated
with the eco-city principles and the guidelines for developing Alandi as an Eco-city were
prepared.
2.2 DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF ALANDI – A REVIEW

T he Development Plan (DP) of Alandi was prepared by the Pune office of T own Planning
Department, Government of Maharashtra and is valid for the period 1988-98. T he plan
follows the standard planning process based on UDPFI Planning norms and the guidelines
of the MRT P Act 1965. T he landuse map proposed in the DP is presented in Figure 2.1
T he plan proposes following land use development.
Table 1: Propose d land use for Alandi (1988 – 1998 DP)

Sl No Landuse type Area, ha % to Developed %to Municipal
area area
Ha
1 Residential 65.31 58.31 23.90
2 Commercial 1.52 1.35 0.56
3 Public, Semi-public 13.70 12.23 5.02
4 Public utilities 1.31 1.17 0.48
5 T ransport&Communication 20.96 18.71 7.67
6 Industrial Nil Nil Nil
7 Open Spaces 9.22 8.23 3.38
Total 112.02 100.00
8 Agricultural 145.96 - 53.74
9 River and Water Bodies 15.17 - 5.55
Total Municipal Area 273.15 - 100.00
Source: Development Plan for Alandi 1988 - 1998
Besides the above landuse it proposes following measures for improvement of the town.

Eight sites for garden and green belt are proposed while two sites for play ground are
also proposed. In all, about 8 hectares of gardens, open spaces and play ground areas
are proposed.
A 12.20 m wide Bypass road from the old bridge near the PCMT bus stand along the
eastern boundary of the municipal limits and encircling the developable area in the
municipal limits is proposed. T his will prevent the entry of the heavy traffic to
Markal and other locations into the town and provide direct connectivity between
Solu (Markal) Road, Charholi, Vadgaon Road, Bhosi Road and Chakan Road.
T he DP proposes a policy of not allowing industrial activity in the town. This will be
beneficial to the town and maintaining its pilgrim town image and preventing
environmental pollution.
T he existing crematorium is to be shifted to a new location 0.5 km further down.
A compost site (approx 0.53 Ha) is proposed near the crematorium along the eastern
municipal boundary.
While the above proposals cater to some of the development requirements of the Alandi
town, a close analysis of the plan indicates the following.
T he DP has anticipated a population of 14552 by 2001 at an average growth rate of

44.51%, whereas the actual population in 2001 as per the census is 17565 at a growth
rate of around 54.91% T hese deviations can be attributed to the tourist characters of
the town that act as a catalyst to the socio-economic growth of the town and
associated population growth.
In view of the above, the Development Plan for towns like Alandi shall consider the
trends of floating population and factor the growth trends into the population
projections. T his can be best done by adopting projection methods such as
polynomial projections (graphical) that suggests the best fit population growth curve
for any city.
T he Samadhi T emple of Saint Dyaneshwar, and associated religious structures are the
main focus points of development in Alandi. In view of the above, the land use
allocation for the area around these structures and the rest of the town shall be
planned separately with a holistic view of developing the town. Such an emphasis
seems to be missing in the current development plan.
Due to large influx of tourists / pilgrims, the natural resources such as the River
Indrayani, land and other environmental resources are strained to a greater extent in
Alandi. It is therefore very important to include protection and conservation of natural
resources and places of religious importance of the town, which is missing in the
present development plan.
T his should comprise appropriate Development Control Regulations (DCR) for the
built form and also the development along the river body.
Similarly, the DP does not provide a definite direction to the growth of the town and
there are no specific proposals to create an image to the town.
T he other aspects such as proximity of the town to large cities namely, Pune and
Pimpri – Chinchwad, and industrial estates of MIDC at Chakan and Markal should
also be considered while proposing the land use.
T he implementing agency is the Alandi Municipal Council (AMC). AMC does not

have the technical expertise and finances to implement the plan.
In the light of the above discussion, it is important to plan the city with an objective of
environmental conservation and sustainable development than the conventional physical
planning and land use planning approach. For this purpose, the concept of eco-city and its
principles are reviewed in the following section and the same is used to evolve guidelines for
the development of Alandi.
2.3 THE ECOCITY CONCEPT

No human settlement stands still--they are dynamic elements of stone, wood, flesh and
exuberant energy with imprints of ancient forces of nature and history. Learning to respect
these volatile forces and design less destructive ecosystems will bring nature into the
cities/towns, and the cities/towns into human hearts.
Strategic planning should include following basic principles or sectors of incorporating

sustainable principles to eco-city design. T hese seven components are interrelated, influence
one another so that once transportation systems are changed with more pedestrian and cycle
roads, they will in turn, minimize energy use or consumption. Eco-city planning can be
divided into these elements or components; land use, water, energy, socio-economic aspect to
create an ecological urban skeletal structure.
Alandi’s problems are manifold, and greater control over the growth of the town must be
exerted with appropriate planning and addressing environmental issues with an understanding
of the local environmental system and proper assessment of the consequences of future plans.
T he basic principle of the ecocity can be simplified as, “ in an ecocity, people can live, work,
shop, and play all within a short distance”.
T he more diverse and compact land use patterns with a hefty infusion of natural and
agricultural restoration, appropriate technologies for energy conservation, effective recycling,
widespread gardening, composting, waterbody restoration, building of lively city and
neighborhood centers with plazas to host vital social and economic life and so on, we begin to
visualize what ecological cities are all about."
T his can be achieved by bringing together energy, transportation, trees, urban horticulture,
zoning and legislation, financing and economic systems, recycling, air, development design,
restoration of waterbodies, city history, work, participatory democracy, student activism, and
whole systems thinking about society.
"T ransportation is what you do when you're not where you want to be," says Register, so the
solution to smog, gridlock, greenhouse gasses, and the expense of owning a car is to gather
together the places people want to be. T he transportation of choice will be feet first, bicycles
second, public transit third, and only then, the automobile.
2.4 MODEL ECOCITY PRINCIPLES

Model areas should be structured for mixed use with optimum ratio between residential,
commercial, production and recreational uses.
Density of development should be optimised with regard to the contradictory

requirements of transport, ecology, economy, and social and hygienic aspects.

Local culture and historical heritage should be protected and further cultivated.
Green spaces for recreation are inevitable for human health and must be present in all
neighbourhoods.
Lines of new urban structure should be derived from the existing urban and regional
environment to back up continuity.
Urban structures and buildings should be designed to allow variability, extensibility,

retrofitting, reusing or functional conversion.
Housing should be provided at all levels and scales serving different needs of different
groups of population, including affordable and social housing.
Streets and squares should respect the human scale and be shaped in interconnected
structure of specialised and logically composed public open spaces, with attractive and
user friendly design.
Urban environment should not contain architectural barriers to accessibility so that also
disabled and disadvantaged people could be able to use al facilities without discomfort.
Non-toxic and natural building materials from a renewable resource should be preferred,
considering also the durability and the life cycle of the building.
Local sources (materials, labour) should be preferred wherever possible.
Layout and location of buildings should take advantage of the natural daylight and of
passive cooling/heating.
Compact buildings (such as terraced houses and multi-storey building complexes) bring
considerable energy savings and should be preferred by developing new structures in
model settlements.
Pedestrians’ and cyclists’ paths should represent the main grid of the inner district
traffic.
Basic facilities should be located to allow best accessibility by pedestrians
Motor traffic should be reduced as much as possible.
Inhabitants, especially in the residential areas, should be released from the negative
impacts of transport and industry such as noise, air pollution and vibrations.
All the important targets in the city district should be serviced by public transport.
T raffic speeds should be reduced to make the street safer and pedestrian friendly.
T he consumption of land through car parking as well as other negative effects of car
parking should be reduced to the lowest possible level.
Previously disturbed areas should be restored and/or redeveloped.
T he extent of impervious surfaces should be kept at minimum.
All resources must be recycled and reused keeping the waste production to the lowest

possible level.
Water consumption should be reduced while assuring equal distribution of potable water
for all inhabitants and households.
Energy consumption of the settlement should be reduced using energy-efficient

technologies and saving programmes.
In addition to the reduction of energy demand, also alternative sources should be

introduced.
Natural elements such as trees, vegetation and water are to be used to improve climatic
conditions, ecological stability as well as aesthetic values of the urban environment.
Broadly, an ecocity should have the following aspects installed into its function.
A. Ene rgy conse rvation and e fficie ncy

a. Use of available options of alternative energy technology
b. A city can formulate policies that can promote the use of alternative energy sources.
All aspects of energy consumption and use of petrol/diesel should be targeted to
enable energy efficiency in real sense.
c. Emphasis on city forms and policies that reduce reliance on fossil fuels such as
petrol and diesel.
d. Efficient public transit that reduces individual energy consumption.
e. Promotion of architectural principles that utilize maximum available natural light
and ventilation.
f. Promotion of green products that save on energy costs
g. Community awareness on energy conservation.
B. Effe ctive solid waste manage me nt

a. Installing waste to energy mechanisms to create a cyclic closed urban system.
b. Exploring alternatives wherein industry waste exchanges are facilitated
c. Creating proper mechanisms of handling bio-medical and hazardous waste.
d. Establishing norms for effective disposal and treatment of all waste, including bio-
medical and hazardous waste.
e. Promotion of composing technologies to convert bio-degradable waste into rich
composts for gardens/agriculture (organic farming, vermicomposting).
f. Promoting green products that utilize less packaging, use less resources and create
less non-degradable waste after use.
g. Community mobilization for cleanups and awareness.
C. Efficie nt transportation
a. Promote the use of non-polluting public transit by creating easy, fast and assured
service.
b. Promote bicycling and install infrastructure to allow easy and efficient cycling
within the city.
c. Restrict polluting vehicles and establish stringent norms for pollution control.
d. Remove polluting public transit operations, facilitate non-polluting options by
creating easy demand and supply mechanisms.
e. Develop and maintain proper road networks, streamline roads to avoid congestions,
implement stricter driving regulations.
D. Addre ssing e nvironme ntal issue s and risks

a. Air quality monitoring and setting in place policies that control and reduce air
emissions and improve ambient air quality.

b. Water quality monitoring and setting in place policies and actions to improve the
existing water quality of natural sources such as wells, lakes, rivers etc.
c. Addressing land contamination issues, land use planning etc.
d. Bio-diversity protection and conservation actions and strategies.
e. Promoting green areas and open spaces and installing mechanisms to effectively
protect, improve and sustain existing natural areas.
f. Global environmental issues like climate change, ozone depletion etc need to be
addressed at all levels.
E. Se lfsufficie ncy and sustainable e conomic de ve lopme nt

a. Plan for city’s ecological carrying capacity limits.
b. Install mechanisms to implement environmental considerations in trade transactions.
c. Promote locally grown foods and facilitate distribution networks to bridge the gap
between food demand and supply.
d. Encourage local enterpreneurship by focussing on marketing of traditional skills and
techniques.
e. Local capacity building through training and awareness programmes.
f. Facilitate mechanisms for affordable housing, housing improvements etc.
F. Community participation and de cision making

a. Mobilize community groups to come and act together to improve social and
environmental health.
b. Utilize community participation for a consultative as well as decision making role.
c. Continuous education and capacity building of the community to enable informed
decision making.
d. Evolving public-private partnerships, industry private sectors participation and
collaborations within local NGOs and various community organisations.
G. Improving e nvironme ntal gove rnance and municipal se rvice s

a. Local authorities and processes should be flexible enough to incorporate changes
and affect implementation without delay.
b. T ransparent decision making with citizen’s support.
c. Free sharing of information and open discussions with the community and experts.
d. A shift to efficient processes and mechanisms to facilitate innovative solutions.
e. Installing effective financial management, municipal expenditures, personal
management etc.
f. Improved and efficient public facilities and municipal services, developing eco-
sensitive infrastructure like roads, water supply, wastewater collection etc.

2.5 GUIDELINES FOR REVISION OF DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR ALANDI ON

ECOCITY PRINCIPLES
Based on the above principles and the 1988-98 DP of Alandi and assessments of existing
development through reconnaissance survey in 2005 within the municipal area, the
following guide lines / activities are recommended to develop Alandi as an Eco-City:
Since the existing development plan is has expired in 1998, the development plan to be
revised shall be prepared with the integration of eco-city principles to the convention
development planning process. T his shall comprise the following.
A detailed survey of the existing land use should be carried out to map the changes in
land use, and identify areas of mixed land use, which is an important feature of all
Indian T owns that have grown organically.
A survey (or analysis based on secondary data) should be undertaken to ascertain the
number of pilgrim visiting the time during lean season, peak season and festival times
and a realistic estimate of floating population.
Divide the town in two broad zones one which has more of the pilgrim activities
called the “ Pilgrim Zone” and the other area regular civil life of the town called as
“ Alandi T own”. Land use and infrastructure planning shall be carried for each of the
zone separately, keeping their special characteristics.
T he Pilgrim Zone in Alandi would comprise of an Area within the circular boundary
of Old bridge, Nagar Parishad, Cosmos Bank, Markal chowk, Rath, Vadgaon Chowk,
Bharav road, Chakan chowk, new bridge and the Indrayani River. T his essentially
comprises the old Gaothan area.
Declare a Pilgrim zone as an entirely pedestrian zone with access only to 2 – 3
wheelers and emergency vehicles.
T he significant land uses in the town are temples, Dharmashalas, commercial area
(shops) and residential areas. It is necessary to allocate land for new Dharmashalas,
Hotels and Lodging areas keeping in mind their proximity to the temple area. These
need not be in the Pilgrim Zone but can be on the fringe of the Pilgrim Zone.
T he Dharmashalas in Pilgrim Zone, which are old and need reconstruction, can be
allocated land in the fringe area. T he area vacated can be used for developing open
spaces / gardens.
T he land requirement for these should take into account the number of visitors,
number of vehicles (Parking spaces) and sanitation facilities to be provided to the
pilgrims.
Land use in the Pilgrim Zone should be restricted to those associated with the temples
other uses such as government offices. Bus stand can be relocated to suitable areas
outside the Pilgrim Zone.
During the two festivals of Ashadhi and Kartiki Ekadashi in the months of July and
November respectively, lakhs of pilgrims (Varkari) gather in Alandi for 2 to 3 days.
Since these events are fixed annual events and the influx of pilgrims during this
period is significantly large compared to the resident population of the town and the
available infrastructure, appropriate reservation of lands within the town and on its
outskirts should be made in the DP for making temporary shelters and tents
arrangements for the pilgrims.
Similarly, additional open area in the Pilgrim Zone should be identified and reserved
for temporary commercial activities during these periods.
T he Bypass Road proposed in the DP should be taken up for implementation
immediately to avoid through traffic passing from the town. T he alignment of the
road shall be finalised based on detailed traffic / engineering surveys and also, based
on the existing and proposed new industrial and other regional developments.
It shall be made mandatory in the DP that all the large paved areas such as the AMC

parking lot; PCMC and PMT bus stands and other government / public institutions
shall have rainwater-harvesting systems installed.
In addition to the green belt proposed along the riverbank, suitable land uses such as
institutional areas, meditation centres; ashrams etc should be proposed along the river
bank upstream of new bridge and downstream of old bridge.
Non- conforming uses such as commercial complexes, hotels, lodging boarding areas
etc should not be permitted along the riverbanks these could be allotted land in new
developing areas near Dehu Pahta, Kalewadi etc in Haveli T aluk and other areas in
Khed T aluk.
It should be mandatory for large commercial buildings, office complexes, hotels and
dharmashalas to install rainwater-harvesting systems. A norm for the plot area and
built up area should be fixed above which all buildings should have a rainwater
harvesting system.
Hotels and Dharmashalas should be encouraged to use non conevtional energy
sources to the maximum possible, such as solar panels for water heating.
T he portion of the Pradakshina Marg from Vadgaon Chowk to Chakan Chow has
many old Dharmashalas, this is the only street which has retained the old vernacular
character. It can be declared as a heritage zone and appropriate guidelines be
developed. A detail survey for other individual building of such importance should
also be undertaken.
A tourist Map of Alandi should be prepared and displayed at important places such as
the Samadhi T emple, ghats entry points to the town etc. Appropriate signage for road
names, junctions should also be developed and installed.
T he T emple trusts, Municipal council and citizens groups, non-governmental
organizations, associations of pilgrims (“ Phads” and “ Mandals”) should work in close
co-ordination in developing and implementing proposals for Alandi.
An environmental monitoring system should be developed to assess the impact of the
high volume of pilgrim traffic on Alandi. T his will serve as a guideline for future
planning proposals.
Citizens and Pilgrims should be encouraged to minimize the use of plastic and other
non-biodegradable waste.

3.0 SEWERAGE SCHEME

3.1 INTRODUCTION
Alandi town, spread over an area of 6.83 sq. km. and located on the banks of River Indrayani
presently does not have a sewerage scheme. Most houses of the town have water seal latrines
with septic tank arrangement. T he town has a predominant population belonging to the lower
economic strata and sanitation situation is inadequate in such areas. In many areas of the
town, sullage water and domestic sewage are let into storm water drains. As there is no
Sewage T reatment Plant (ST P) in the town, untreated sewage from the open drains is
discharged into open areas resulting in unsanitary conditions. Overall, sanitation situation in
the town is not satisfactory and hence needs improvement.
3.2 EXISTING SYSTEM

Alandi is a pilgrim town in Maharashtra near to Pune. T he T own has a population of 17565
persons as per 2001 census. T he average daily floating population is estimated to be 8000.
Based on the information provided by Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran (MJP), during normal
season the town is supplied with potable water at the rate of 80 to 90 litres per capita per day
(lpcd). T he water supply rate for the floating population is 20 lpcd. T he expected wastewater
generation rate is about 80% of water supplied. T he water utilized for domestic activities such
as bathing, floor washing, cooking, utensil washing etc., forms about 70% of wastewater
generated. T his wastewater, called Sullage, is allowed separately though underground
drainage system. T he wastewater generated from water closets (about 30% of wastewater
generated) are either disposed into septic tanks followed by dispersion trenches or to the two
pit dry latrine system.
3.3 PROPOSALS FOR THE NEW SEWERAGE SYSTEM

Design of the sewage collection system for Alandi shall be performed, to the extent possible,
by gravity assistance. From the land use plan for Alandi municipality, it is determined that
the town to a significant extent maintains residential status with adjoining areas having the
industries.
T runk mains are used to collect and convey the sewage flow received from secondary
collection systems through a network of lateral sewer lines. T he maximum depth of
excavation for laying the sewer shall be limited to six meters. Based on the available survey
data on topographical and prepared contour maps, the proposed sewerage system shall be
divided into three distinct sewerage zones. T he alignment of trunk gravity main in each zone
shall be selected with due consideration to natural slope and other important landmarks.
Pump Stations are normally required in a sewage collection system to lift the sewage against a
gradient or to limit the depth of cutting of the pertinent sewer line. A simplified form of the
pump station, called a Lift Station, is also employed for the same purpose. T he primary
difference between a pump station and a lift station is that the pump station shall handle
greater flows with arrangements for removal of floating material and grit prior to pumping
through a force main. Lift stations will have only an enlarged manhole as a wet well with
pumps installed and a small control room adjacent to it, for lifting the sewage to ground level.
Lift stations are generally used to restrict the depth of cutting and discharging normally to the
manhole in a downstream trunk sewer. No screens and grit wells are provided in lift stations

Based on the CPHEEO manual, for the cities provided with piped water supply where
sewerage system is contemplated, the water supply demand is 135 lpcd.
T he projected population for the year 2031 is 60505 and presuming the increase in floating
population of the same tune. T he water demands for the domestic purpose is considered as
135 lpcd as cited in the CPHEEO manual and for the floating population it is considered as 70
lpcd. T he following table indicates the sewage generation including 1000 lit/Km-d of
infiltration flow.
Table 3.1 : Sewage Generation in Alandi

Status Resident Demand Floating Demand Total Sewage Infiltration in Total
Population @135lpcd Population @ 70 lpcd Demand Generation MLD @ 1000 Sewage
(MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) lit/Km-d (MLD)
Census 17565 2.37 8000 0.56 2.93 2.35 0.02 2.37
(2001)
Ultimate 26988 3.64 10000 0.70 4.34 3.47 0.02 3.49
(2011)
Ultimate 60515 8.17 20000 1.40 9.57 7.66 0.02 7.68
(2031)
T he total sewage generation in Alandi in the year 2031 is estimated to be 7.68 Mld Alandi is a
pilgrim place attracting many of pilgrims. Hence it is essential to have additional sanitation
facilities for the pilgrims during the festival periods. A marginal provision of 10% additional
sewage is considered in the system. As the capital cost of the sewerage system depends on
population and water demand considered and the festival period will be conducted four days
in a year. Hence it is better to meet the additional facilities required through tankers collection
system / septic tanks and soak-pits.
Based on the above considerations, an underground sewerage system covering the entire
Alandi town has been designed for a period of thirty years to improve sanitation facilities for
the residents of the town. T he costing is done based on the proposals of underground
sewerage scheme which consists, but not limited to, the following:
Fe ature s of Propose d Unde rground Se we rage Sche me and Se wage Treatment Plant
• A sewage collection system comprising manholes, lateral sewer lines and trunk
sewers which shall cover a minimum 85% of the town road length and convey
sewage to the maximum possible by gravity assistance
• All the streams presently carrying sewage should be collected to this network, to not
to allow direct disposal of untreated sewage into the river.
• Alandi being a at elevated place and possibility of groundwater table being low, the
depth of excavation may be limited to 6 m below GL
• At locations where the depth of excavation exceeds to stipulated depth, a sewage
pump station shall be installed to convey sewage through pumping to a downstream
manhole through a bell-mouth chamber
• Sewage collected from all zones through gravity/pumping shall be pumped from the
Main Sewage Pump Station to the influent distribution chamber of the ST P
• An ST P of 8 MLD capacity is proposed to be constructed in two phases of 4 MLD
each.
• Additional Holding Ponds with precast revetment, of 2 MLD capacity each are
proposed to be provided to collect the sewage generated during the festival period.
T he sewage collected in the Holding Ponds would be passed through the treatment
units subsequently.

Table 3.2 Area calculations for STP

Sl.No. Type of Treatment Area / MLD Total Area
Required for
Range Nominal 8 MLD
(Ha)
Ha. / MLD Ha. / MLD
1 Multiple Pond System (An.P+FP+MP) 1.00 - 2.80 1.5 12.0
2 Aerated Lagoon System (AnP+AL+MP) 0.60 - 0.80 0.7 5.6
3 UASB System (UASB + AL + MP) 0.50 - 0.70 0.6 4.8
4 Conventional ASP 0.20 - 0.25 0.25 2.0
5 Extended ASP 0.18 - 0.22 0.2 1.6
• Pursuant to availability of land it is a better option to go for a conventional ASP.

• Based on site visits and discussions with pertinent officials, municipal land for an
extent of 4-5 acres is available for installation of the ST P
• Also, looking into the availability of agricultural land, proposed development of
green belts in the town , the treated sewage can be used for land irrigation.
• It is also suggested that other advanced technologies such as Submerged Aerobic
Fixed Film Reactor (SAF), Fluidized Aerobic Bioreactor (FAB) and Membrane
Bioreactor (MB) may be suitably adopted for sewage treatment. However, these
technologies require most cost investment, skilled manpower and supervision and
hence have been generally used in adopted in controlled conditions such as industries
for their townships, hotels.
3.4 PHASE WISE IMPLEMENTATION

For proper functioning of the sewerage scheme, it is essential to ensure adequate flow of
sewage into the network and the ST P. Hence considering the present population of the town,
spread of commercial and religious activities and to satisfy the immediate need of the town
and phasing of the investment, it is proposed to develop the sewerage scheme in two phases
for the year 2011 and 2031 as below.
Phase I – 2005 to 2011 (High Priority)
Development of an underground sewerage scheme covering the Pilgrim Zone and

adjoining area on the left bank of the river such as Markal road, Vadgaon road etc. which
has an area of about 3.5 sq. km.
At present, most of the residences, dharmashalas, religious activities, market and
commercial activities are concentrated in this area. Hence the area needs to be provided
with the sewerage scheme on priority.
Construction of an ST P of 4 MLD capacity and a 2 MLD Holding Pond on the left bank
of the river downstream of the old bridge near the proposed site for crematorium.
Phase II – 2011 to 2031 (Me dium Priority)
Development of underground sewerage network covering the area on the right bank of the
river. T his area at present has limited activities.
Construction of an ST P of 4 MLD capacity and a 2 MLD Holding Pond on the right bank
of the river opposite the Phase I ST P.

3.5 CAPITAL COST

Cost of the proposed improvements to the sewerage system is listed in T able 3.3. T he cost
estimates have been prepared based on the MJP SoR and consultants data bank.
Table 3.3 : Project Cost

Sl No. De scription Phase I Phase II Total Cost
(2005 –2011) (2011 –2031) (Rs. Lakhs)
1 Collection system 150.00 100.00 250.00
2 Pumping stations and pumping main 50.00 50.00 100.00
3 Sewage treatment plant 115.00 115.00 230.00
Base Cost of UGD syste m 315.00 265.00 580.00

Physical Contingency 5 % 15.75 13.25 29.00
Supervision & quality control 2 % 6.30 5.30 11.60
DPR cost 2 % 6.30 5.30 11.60
Total Cost 343.35 288.85 632.20

4.0 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

4.1 EXISTING SCENARIO OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Collection, transportation and disposal of municipal solid waste is an obligatory function of
the urban local body, in this case, the Alandi Municipal Council (AMC). T he municipal
solid waste mainly comprises waste from the Shri Dnyaneshwar Maharaj Samadhi T emple
complex and other religious places in the town, households, markets & commercial
establishments, hotels & restaurants, guest houses (dharmashala) which are also used as
marriage halls, and hospitals in the town. AMC’s Health Department, headed by a Sanitary
Inspector, is responsible for the solid waste management in the town.
4.2 SOURCES OF SOLID WASTE GENERATION

On an average, about 8000 people visit Alandi daily. T he number increases on monthly
Ekadashi days. During Kartiki and Ashadhi Ekadashi days in the months of
November/December and June/July respectively, the number goes as high as 5 lakhs. T he
pilgrims stay for 2 days in Alandi on these occasions. T he prime solid waste generating
sources in the town are the temple complex, households waste, and other bulk waste
generating sources such as hotels, restaurants, markets, shops, and marriage halls. There are
no industrial units within the limits of the Alandi Municipality or in its proximity. Hence,
there is no industrial waste generated in the town.
4.3 QUANTITY OF WASTE

As per the AMC Heath Department’s estimate, Alandi generates about 5 tons of waste per
day that gives a per capita generation of about 285 gm for a population of 17565 (2001
census). However, considering an average daily floating population of about 8000 people
visiting Alandi generating about 0.4 tons of waste (@ 50 gm/capita), the per capita waste
generation in Alandi is estimated to be around 260 gms.
As per the CPHEEO manual, for towns which fall under the range of below 5 lakh
population, the generation of waste shall be around 210 gm per capita per day. Similarly the
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in its Publication “ Management of Municipal Solid
Wastes – Status and Options” estimates the daily per capita solid waste generation in small,
medium, and large cities / towns in India to be 0.1 kg, 0.3 to 0.4 kg, and 0.5 kg per capita
respectively. Further, National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA), the apex body of urban
management, anticipates the per capita solid waste generation to be around 0.35 to 1 kg /
cap/ day. From the above norms, the per capita waste generation for the Alandi will be in the
order of
210 gm / capita as per CPHEEO
300 to 400 gm / capita as per CPCB and
350 gm / capita as per NIUA guide lines
However considering tourist characteristics of the Alandi, the per capita values are expected
to be on the higher side and hence the estimated figure of 285 gm per capita per day is
considered appropriate.
According to AMC, daily collection of waste is about 4 tons, estimate based on the vehicle
capacity and number of trips per day. T he vehicles, a tractor of 1ton capacity and a mini
lorry of 4 ton capacity, perform totally 4 trips per day. Considering the bulk density of the

solid waste as 0.35, the actual collection of the waste is only 3.5 tons per day. About 1.5 ton
of waste is left unattended, thus totalling to 5 tons waste generated per day.
4.3.1 Waste generation during fairs
During the Ashadhi and Kartiki fairs, about 5 lakh pilgrims stay in Alandi for 2 days. T he
waste generated during the fair season is estimated to be 30 tons during the two days.
4.3.2 Household Waste
In Alandi, the quantum of waste generated from households is about 1.5 tons per day, which
is 30 percent of the total waste generation of the town. T he household waste mainly consists
of organic waste such as vegetable waste, food etc. Significant quantities of paper and plastic
are also present in the waste.
4.3.3 Street Sweeping and Drain De-silting
T he other sources of waste generation in Alandi are street sweeping and drain de-silting
activities. As per the CPHEEO manual, the per capita waste generation from street
sweepings is estimated at 0.05 kg/ cap / day. Similarly, the waste generated by drain
cleanings is estimated at 0.1 kg/cap/day as per norms specified by the CPHEEEO manual.
However, based on the discussions with the Sanitary Supervisor, it is estimated that Alandi
generates around 1ton of waste per day from street sweepings and drain cleaning, which is
about 20 percent of the total waste generation
4.3.4 Commercial and Hotel Waste
Commercial establishments like hotels & Dharmashala, restaurants, shops and trade centres
generate solid waste to a quantum of 1.5 tons per day. Alandi being an important sacred
place in the region, there are many Dharmashalas (guest houses) in the town. T heir number
is estimated to be about 350. T hese Dharmashalas are also used for performing marriages
throughout the year. A significant amount of solid waste is generated from these
Dharmashalas, particularly during marriage season. T he total commercial and hotel waste
constitute about 30 percent of the total waste generation of Alandi.
4.3.5 Vegetable Market Waste
Alandi has two vegetable markets viz; near Markal chowk and in the AMC parking area at
Chakan chowk. In addition, daily vegetables shops are also set up along the stretch from New
Bridge to the Chakan chowk. T here is no meat markets in the town. T he total waste generated
from both the vegetable markets is about 0.5 tons per day constituting 10 percent of the total
waste. T he waste is mainly organic in nature.
4.3.6 Bio-medical Waste
Alandi has a 6-bed capacity primary health centre (PHC) of Zilla Parishad. T he PHC also
handles maternity cases. In addition, Alandi has about 35 clinics. T he daily biomedical waste
generation from the PHC is about 4 to 5 kg (0.004 ton), of which about 0.002 ton is non-
infectious and non-hazardous waste. T he waste generated in the PHC and maternity home is
disposed off by burying / open air burning, or alongwith the municipal solid waste. Since the
hospital comes under the PHC category, they do not have any boi-medical waste
management system.

T able 4.1 shows the categories and quantity of waste generated by various sources in Alandi
town.
Table 4.1 : Categorisation of Waste

Source of Waste Ge ne ration Q uantity Total
(MT/day) %
Samadhi T emple complex 0.5 10.0
Households 1.5 30.0
Hotels (Dharmashala), restaurants and commercial
establishments 1.5 30.0
Vegetable markets 0.5 10.0
Street sweepings, drain de-silting and others 1.0 20.0
Hospital waste (non-infectious and non-hazardous) 0.004 0.1
Total 5.0 100.0
Source : Analysis and discussions with AMC officials
4.4 COMPOSITION OF WASTE

No data on the waste composition was available with the AMC. Based on the field visit,
discussions with the health department officials and the Consultant’s understanding, it has
been estimated that the organic content in the waste is about 50 percent. T he higher organic
content is due to the organic waste generated from the religious activities taking place in the
town. Physical composition of waste for the town of similar size indicated in CPHEEO
manual is given in T able 4.2.
Table 4.2 : Physical Composition of Waste

Parame te r % of Waste as pe r % of waste in Alandi
CPHEEO Manual (in %)
T otal organic content 44.57 50
Paper 2.91
Rubber, leather & synthetics 0.78
Glass 0.56 50
Metals 0.33
Inert Materials 43.59
Source : CPHEEO Manual on SWM
4.5 COLLECTION OF WASTE

4.5.1 Primary Collection
At present, AMC does not have any primary collection system. T he individual households
dispose their waste into dustbins along the streets by their own means. AMC has provided
about 100 RCC dustbins at various locations covering the entire town of Alandi for effective
collection of waste. Dustbins have been provided on all major and minor roads and the
average spacing of the dustbins is about 150 to 200 m (average 180 m for a road length of 18
km). However, this spacing is not uniform through out the town and it varies from place to
place depending on the density and locality.
T he reconnaissance survey conducted in the town and discussion with the AMC officials
reveal that many of the households, shops and commercial establishments throwthe waste on
to the streets, drains, open spaces and along the river banks creating unhealthy conditions.

Further, the waste thrown into the open drains is leading to choking and as a result, the
wastewater flows on the streets rather than in drains and forms wastewater pools at certain
locations.
Street Sweeping. One of the major activities in the solid waste management is the street
sweeping activity, which is time consuming, and labor intensive. In addition to street
sweeping, due to the open drainage system in some part of the town, drain desilting is also
essential. AMC carries out street sweeping and drain de-silting in the entire town. T he total
length of municipal roads and streets in Alandi is 18 km. T he total length of open drains is not
available. T he manpower employed for the sweeping and cleaning operations include; 24
sanitary workers for street sweeping, 10 worker for drain de-silting activities, 6 workers for
cleaning public toilets, 8 workers for solid waste collection from dustbins (@4 per vehicle),
thus adding up to 48. In addition, there are 2 drivers and 1 supervisor. T otal road length per
sweeper @ 20 sweepers present per day, works out to be 0.9 km as against the desirable 0.4 to
0.6 km/sweeper. T he sweeping operation is carried out in two shifts during the day covering
different parts of the town.
Due to lack of sufficient manpower with the local body, frequency of the street sweeping and
de-silting activities is not uniform all over the town. Depending on the locality and necessity,
street sweeping is undertaken on the priority basis. However, main residential and other
important areas are swept daily and some of the areas are swept occasionally.
4.5.2 Secondary Collection
T he secondary collection refers to collection of waste from community dustbins and

intermediate collection points or transit points. However, in Alandi, there are no intermediate
collection points or transit points and the waste is directly transported to the disposal site from
dustbins.
Waste is collected from dustbins and open dumping sites in the town and manually loaded
onto the transportation vehicles. In addition to community dustbins provided by the AMC,
there are number of places where people dump the waste. Waste is also collected from these
undesignated waste-dumping points.
4.5.3 Frequency of Collection
T he frequency of waste collection from the dustbins and other dumping points in the town
varies depending on the quantity of waste accumulation and the locality. T he waste from
prime residential locations, commercial areas, public places like markets, bus stand etc is
collected every day. T he waste from the temple area is collected once in two days.
4.5.4 Transportation of Waste
In Alandi, waste transportation is carried out using open vehicles. AMC has two vehicles; a
tractor and a mini lorry (T ata 407), for solid waste transportation. Both the vehicles are in
operational condition. T he total transportation capacity available with AMC with the two
vehicles is around 10 tons with each vehicle making two trips per day. However, considering
the bulk density of the solid waste as 0.35, the actual collection of the waste is only 3.5 tons
per day. T he following table shows the details of solid waste transportation vehicles.

Table 4.3 : Details of Transportation Vehicles

De scription Mfg. O wne rship Nos. Capacity Trip/day/ Total
Ye ar ve hicle waste
Ton No. ton/day
Mini lorry AMC
1995 1 4.0 2 8.0
(T ata 407)
T ractor 1990 AMC 1 1.0 2 2.0
Total 2 5.0 4 10.0
Source : Alandi Municipal Council
4.6 DISPOSAL OF WASTE

At present the waste is disposed by mere dumping on an open area beyond the AMC limit.
Waste is dumped on the site manually in heaps and left as it is. T he area is not covered after
dumping.
4.6.1 Waste Disposal Sites
Presently, the solid waste is dumped in a roadside open land near Vishrant Vad on Vadgaon
road. However, this site is located about 1 km beyond the AMC limits. It was observed that
the light materials such as plastic and paper are carried by wind to distant places, and the
situation around the site is unhygienic. It was also observed that the biomedical waste is also
disposed off along with the municipal waste.
In addition to the existing solid waste disposal site at Vishrant Vad, solid waste was also
used to be dumped at two locations mentioned below, without any covering.
(i) Near the existing crematorium on the right bank of the Indrayani river near old bridge
(ii) On Padmavati road near slum
T hese two sites have been discontinued due to the environmental hazards posed by them and
the objection of the local residents. However, the waste is still lying there and finds its way
into the adjacent residential area and the Indrayani river. T he Padmavati road waste disposal
site surrounded by a slum area having a population of about 500, which is exposed to the
health hazards due to the dumping of solid waste in this area. T he waste from the disposal site
adjacent to the river also enters into the river. Human body parts from the crematorium are
also sometimes disposed into the waste heap at this location. Both the sites need to be
immediately cleared of the waste dumped there.
Table 4.4 : Details of Solid Waste Disposal Sites in Alandi

Location Type of Approx. Area Distance from Ye ar of
Disposal (sq.m) town Commissioning
Vishrantvad Land 1500 1 km 2002-03
(Grazing land of disposal
Charholi Khurd
village)
Padmavati road Land 900 Within town Approximately
disposal since 1985
Crematorium Land 700 Within town Used only for 1 year
along right bank disposal in 2002
of Indrayani river
Source: AMC
T he existing solid waste disposal site is located on the Vadgaon road at about 1 km from the

AMC limits. T he area of the site is about 1500 sq.m. T he site is in use since 2002-03. This
site is adjacent to the main road and also a religious place called Vishrant Vad (a holy
Banyan tree), which is visited by thousands of pilgrims during the fairs in Alandi.
Table 4.5 : Salient Features of Existing Disposal Site.

Compone nt De scription
Area 1500 sq.m
Ownership Site falls within the boundary of the Charholi
Khurd village. Grazing land
Distance from the town 1.0 km beyond AMC limit on Vadgaon road
Approach road BT road
Year of commencement 2002-03
Distance from nearest human 1 km
habitat
Fencing around the site No
Facilities and equipment at the Nil
site
Waste disposed per day 4 ton
Waste disposal method Open dumping. Waste heaps formed due to
unloading from the vehicle are left as it is. T here
is no practice of flattening the waste and covering
it with inert material.
Existing condition of the area T his site is adjacent to the main road and also a
religious place called Vishrant Vad (a holy
Banyan tree), which is visited by thousands of
pilgrims during the fairs in Alandi. T he area is an
open plot of land adjacent to the road. T here is no
fencing to the site T he situation has become
unhygienic and worsens during the rainy season,
during which rainwater is accumulated in the site,
forming mosquito breeding grounds.. T he
possibility of groundwater contamination due to
open and haphazard dumping cannot be ruled out.
It is evident from the above points that the health

risk associated with the existing disposal site is
very high due to its location along the road side
and also its being close to an important religious
place.
4.7 INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP

As described in earlier sections, municipal solid waste management is an obligatory function
of the urban local body. AMC’s Health Department. A Sanitary Inspector assisted by a
Supervisor and Sanitary Workers, is responsible for the solid waste management in the town.
However, the post of post of Sanitary Inspector is vacant since last 3 to 4 years.. At present,
the solid waste management work for the town is looked after by a Supervisor.
Due to lack of sufficient staff strength AMC has engaged the contract sanitary staff on
temporary basis. T he total manpower employed for the sanitary operations is 51. T he
following table shows the manpower details.

Table 4.6 : Manpower Deployment for SWM

De scription CMC staff Contract staff
Sanitary Inspector 1 (vacant) -
Supervisor (Mukadam) 1 -
Sanitary Workers 14 34
Drivers 1 1
Total 16 35
Source : AMC
T he manpower employed for the sweeping and cleaning operations includes; 24 sanitary
workers for street sweeping, 10 worker for drain de-silting activities, 6 workers for cleaning
public toilets, 8 workers for solid waste collection from dustbins (@4 per vehicle), thus
adding up to 48.
4.8 SERVICE INADEQUACY AND KEY ISSUES

Based on the information collected and field visits, the key issues of solid waste management
in Alandi are identified and presented in this section. Key indicators are used to assess service
adequacy of CMC Alandi. T able 4.7 shows the performance indicators of AMC in solid waste
management and subsequently the key issues have been presented.
Table 4.7 : Solid Waste Management Performance Indicators

Indicator Norm Existing Se rvice Le ve ls
Waste Collection Performance 90-95% 70%
Vehicle Capacity Adequacy Ratio 30% of total 100%
waste
generation
Spacing of Dust Bins 100 m 150 – 200 m (avg 180m)
Road Length per Sweeper 400 –600 m 900 m
Conservancy staff per 1000 3 2 (51 for 17565 + 8000
population persons)
Source : Analysis.
Key issues and conclusions are based on field visits and data analysis presented below.
4.8.1 Absence of Effective Primary Collection Mechanism
T he absence of the door-to-door solid waste collection system in the town is leading to
unhealthy conditions in the town. T he practice of throwing of the waste onto the streets by
shopkeepers, restaurants, households is aggravating the problem. Segregation of waste is not
being practiced in the town.
4.8.2 Street Sweeping
T he frequency of street sweeping varies from one day to one week. As mentioned earlier the
actual length of street per sweeper is around 900 m as against the norm of 400-600 m, which
shows the lack of manpower for daily street sweeping.
4.8.3 Waste from Marriage Halls
Solid waste from the marriage halls is significant in Alandi. Being a religious place, a large

number of marriages take place in Alandi during the season. T he Dharmashalas

(approximately 350 in number) in Alandi are also used as marriage halls as the are not fully
occupied throughout the year. Since the Dharmashalas are not registered, there is no record of
the number of Dharmashala used as marriage halls. However, the average number of
marriages taking places in Alandi during the marriage season is estimated to be about 200 to
250. However the trends are seasonal.
Discussions with the sanitary staff of the AMC indicated that waste generated from the
marriage halls (Dharmashala) will be around 2 ton per day during the marriage season. T his
means that the per unit waste generated by these marriage halls to be around 10 kg/hall/day. It
is also noted that marriages will be performed for about 100 days of the year (March to June,
and November-December). Hence, it is necessary to make special arrangements for collection
of solid waste from the marriage halls (Dharmashala).
4.8.4 Collection of Waste
At present AMC collection performance is only about 70 percent, which is less than the
norm of 90 – 95 percent. As the analysis reveals about 1.5 ton of waste is not collected daily.
T his is creating unhygienic conditions in the city. T he residual waste accumulates day-by-
day forming heaps of waste in the city. Hence, there is an immediate need to increase the
collection performance of the system to keep the city clean and healthy.
4.8.5 Transportation of Waste
At present waste is being transported in open vehicles to the disposal site. T he spillage of
waste along the route and odor from the waste is a common problem associated with open
transportation of waste. Narrow lanes in the town are adding to the problem. T he vehicles
carrying the solid waste should be covered.
4.8.6 Unavailability of Solid Waste Disposal Site
As mentioned earlier, AMC does not have its own solid waste disposal site. T he present
disposal site on Vadgaon road is beyond AMC limits and is not owned by the AMC.
Similarly, the previously used other two disposal sites namely Padmavati Road and Indrayani
riverbank, are also found to be unsuitable. It is, therefore, necessary to designate a suitable
landfill site after assessing its technical and environmental suitability, on a high priority.
4.8.7 Disposal of Waste
T he waste is disposed improperly forming heaps of waste at the site. T he waste is finding its
way onto the roads and surrounding areas due to blowing wind, making the area around the
site unhygienic, posing problem to environment and health of the people visiting the Vishrant
Vad (a holy site). T he nearest habitation to this site is at about 0.5 km.
4.8.8 Occupational Health Hazards
T he waste collection, loading and unloading operations are done manually. T he sanitary
workers have not been provided with any protective equipment posing heath hazards.

Photographs

4.8.9 Clearing existing sites
T he previously used other two disposal sites namely Padmavati Road and Indrayani river
bank, are found to be unsuitable due to the environmental hazards posed by them and the
objection of the local residents. However, the waste is still lying there and finds its way into
the adjacent residential area and the Indrayani river. It is therefore necessary to immediately
clear the waste dumped there.
4.9 PROJECT IDENTIFICATION

Based on the above analysis and discussion, the project components have been identified to
improve the existing condition as well as to develop a comprehensive solid waste
management system for the town of Alandi.
4.9.1 Future Trends of Waste Generation
T his section deals with the projection of solid waste generation with respect to the growth
trend of the town and per capita waste generation and the improvements need to the existing
system. Based on the data analysis and key issues identified in the above sections, the projects
have been identified for the improvement of the solid waste management system in Alandi.
T he future trend of waste generation has been estimated based on the projected population
and per capita waste generation. T he population projections made in this report and a per
capita waste generation rates (of 260 gm per capita for resident population and 50 gm per
capita for floating population) arrived in the present study are used for estimating future waste
generation trends. T he rate of waste generation through out the horizon year of 2001-2031 is
considered uniform i.e. 260 gm per capita per day and 50 gm per capita per day.
T he following table shows the projected quantity of waste generated. As per the projections,
the total population in the year 2031 will be 60515 while the quantity of waste generation will
be around 17 tons per day.
Po pula tion Projections of A la ndi
700 00
4 3 2
y = 6.2197x - 110.95x + 783.5x - 2226.9x + 3636.8
600 00 2
R = 0.9963
500 00
Population
400 00
300 00
200 00
100 00
0
Population
61
71
81
91
01
19
19
19
19
20
Poly. (P opula tion)

Year

Table 4.8 : Projected Waste Generation

Ye ar Population Waste Floating Waste Waste
Ge ne ration population ge ne ration Ge ne ration
Nos. Gm/Day Nos. Gm/Day Tons/Day
1901 2029 - - - -
1911 1624 - - - -
1921 1568 - - - -
1931 1666 - - - -
1941 2170 - - - -
1951 2432 - - - -
1961 3187 - - - -
1971 4788 - - - -
1981 7523 - - - -
1991 10249 - - - -
2001 17565 260 8000 50 5.0
2011 26988 260 10000 50 8.0
2021 40982 260 15000 50 11.00
2031 60515 260 20000 50 17.00
Source : Analysis.
4.9.2 Strategies for Solid Waste Management
T his section presents an approach for the development of solid waste management system
and improvements in strengthening the existing practices in Alandi. T he options address the
physical components of solid waste management namely collection, transportation,
treatment and disposal.
Based on the above analysis and discussion, the project components have been identified to
improve the existing condition and as well as to develop a comprehensive solid waste
management system for Alandi. T he cost of biomedical waste management, however, is not
included.
For the purpose of efficient management of the solid waste, the Alandi town can be divided
into two areas viz.
I. Pilgrim zone with maximum pilgrim activities – T his covers the area within Indrayani
river banks and the Pradakshina marg from old bridge, Nagar Parishad chowk, Rath,
Chakan chowk and New bridge. Due to its proximity to the Samadhi temple, this
area has maximum concentration of Dharmashalas (marriage halls), restaurants and
shops and hence the waste generated in this area has more organic component such
as flowers and waste food.
II. Alandi town – Other areas of the town
T he waste management strategy is based on the principle of segregation of the waste at its
source into organic and inorganic waste to be able to treat it effectively. T he project
components have been identified based on the above classification.

4.9.3 Primary collection of waste
Pilgrim Zone
Door-to-door collection using containerised push carts:

Door-to-door collection of waste is recommended in the
Pilgrim zone due to high population density and narrow
lanes. T he waste collection in this zone shall be carried
out by using containerised push carts. Each cart will
have four HDPE containers of 1m x 0.69m x 0.15m size.
T he push cart for door to door collection will be
provided with a bell so that the residents will be alerted
of the arrival of the cart for emptying their waste containers into the containers of the cart.
T he sanitary workers shall collect the waste from domestic, commercial and temple area in
their push carts. Similarly, the street sweepers will make heaps of waste on the side of the
roads.
Litter Bins: In addition to the door to door collection, litter

Bins are also recommended to be provided in the Pilgrim
zone, including ghats on the Indrayani river, for the
floating population. T he existing dustbins in this zone will
be replaced by round tiltable litter bins of 0.02 cu.m
capacity, spaced at 50 m interval. T he litter bins shall be
provided along the places of movement of the pilgrims
such as, Samadhi temple area, Mahadwar road,
Pradakshina marg, river banks, market places, and bus
station. T he private sector can be involved for this purpose by giving them advertisement
rights on the bins for specified period. Considering the total length of roads in the Pilgrim
zone as 2.5 km, total number of litter bins required is 50.
Alandi Town
Refuse Collection Bins (RCB): T he existing practice of using

RCBs can be continued in the other areas (Alandi town) while
increasing the number of bins, so as to minimize dumping along
road side and in open areas. Separate RCBs for collection of the dry
and wet waste must be provided, so as to achieve segregation of the
waste at the source itself. T here are 100 RCC bins in Alandi,
which work out to a spacing of about 180 m for 18 km of road
length. However, the RCBs are not spread well over the town.
T his is demonstrated by the heaps of waste seen in some of the
areas such as the vegetable market near AMC parking, near old
bridge etc. Also, most of the bins are not in a good condition,
some of them are seen lying upside down and waste is seen dumped alongside the bins.
Similarly, the capacity of the bins appears to be inadequate in crowded areas such as Rath,
PCMT bus stand where they are seen to be overflowing in spite of regular collection.
Hence, it is recommended that new RCBs of 0.2 to 0.3 cu.m capacity shall be provided in
the Alandi town area beyond the Pilgrim zone. T he bins would be of non-rusting material
such as FRP or HDPE. T wo separate bins for collection of organic and inorganic waste
would be placed at an interval of 100m. T hus, for the road length of 15.5 km (excluding the
Pilgrim zone) the number of RCBs required would be 310.

Stre e t Swe e ping
Street sweepers shall be assigned with fixed individual beats and ‘pinpoint’ work according
to the density of the area to be swept. T he following standards may be considered.
Table 4.9 : Street Sweeping Norms

De scription Name of Are a Norm (road le ngth/swe e pe r)
High density area Pilgrim zone 250 m – 300 m
Low density area Rest of Alandi 650 m – 750 m
Source: CPHEEO Manual on SWM
T he main roads and the town center areas shall be cleaned every day. T he low-density areas
can be cleaned on alternate days. Drain de-silting will be done on need basis.
4.9.4 Segregation of Waste at Source
Pilgrim Zone
Segregation of waste at source shall be implemented in the Pilgrim zone only, where door to
door collection of waste is proposed. Separate collection and storage of the biodegradable
and non-biodegradable fraction, dry and wet waste of the waste from households,
dharmashala, shops and restaurants shall be carried out by the sanitary workers. For this
purpose the residents would be asked to store the biodegradable and non-biodegaradable
waste separately. Also, the push-carts would be provided with two separate containers in
different colours for collection of the bio-degaradable and non-biodegradable waste.
Awareness programs should be conducted to train the people about the segregation of waste
at household level.
Alandi Town
Separate RCBs for collection of the dry and wet waste should be provided in the Alandi
town area, so as to achieve segregation of the waste at the source itself. T he segregation of
waste can be extended to new areas of the town over a period of time. Initially, the
segregation of waste would be carried out at the disposal site only.
4.9.5 Secondary Collection of Waste
T he waste in the push carts shall be transferred into the secondary collection vehicles (tractor
and mini lorry) which would be available at fixed location and time (secondary transfer
points). T he secondary transfer points are identified as Rath, Bharav Rasta, Chakan Chowk,
PCMT bus stand and near Cosmos Bank.
T he mini lorry shall be used for collection of waste from the rest of the Alandi town. The
waste from the RCBs would be directly transferred into the lorry. An additional lorry is also
proposed to be procured which would be useful in efficient collection of the waste.
T he waste from the secondary transfer points would be directly sent to the disposal site.
4.9.6 Transportation
T he capacities of the mini lorry (T ata 407) and tractor available with the AMC are 4 ton and
1 ton respectively. T he total collection by the two vehicles considering 2 trips per vehicle per
day with 35% collection efficiency works ut to be 3.5 tons. T his is found to be insufficient

for the present condition. However, for a town of the size of Alandi the number of trips
made by the vehicles are less. It is expected that each vehicle should make at least 3 trips by
which the collection would be 5.25 tons.
Considering that the tractor is more than 15 years old, it can be upgraded by procuring a
hydraulic tipper of 4 ton capacity. T he tractor can be used in the Pilgrim zone only and
would also provide additional capacity during the fairs season.
4.9.7 Treatment and Disposal
T he characteristics and quantity of solid waste generated in the town primarily influence the
disposal options. A review of the solid waste analysis results for Alandi indicate that nearly
50% of the waste generated by the town is organic in nature. In terms of the quantity, around
5 tons of waste is generated every day during normal season and around 30 tons is estimated
to be generated during the fairs.
T he current practice of open dumping of waste is unsafe and unhygienic. In viewof the large
share of organic waste in the town, Composting and Secured Land Filling are considered as
the most feasible option of solid waste processing in Alandi. T he organic component of the
waste (50 percent of the total waste) shall be composted and the rest of the waste shall be
land filled.
T he other technology options will not be suitable, due to the following reasons
1. Incine ration: Due to low calorific value and high moisture content, this technology is not
suitable for Indian Solid waste. Also capital, O&M costs will be very high.
2. Pyrolysis and Gasification: T his process involves thermal decomposition at high
temperature and besides recovering energy from the waste will ensure proper destruction
of waste is possible. But due to the composition of the waste and high moisture content
the application of this process is only limited.
3. Pe lle tisation: making fuel pellets is another option. Low calorific value wastes will not be
suitable unless ingredients are added to increase calorific value. While a few Pelletisation
plants are operating in India, long periods of project development and establishment are
the hindrances in their large scale replicability at this stage.
4. Bio-Che mical Conve rsion: T his is based on decomposition of organic matter to produce
methane Gas. Anaerobic digestion in closed container can produce bio-gas to the tune of
50 to 150 m 3 per tonne of waste .Gas can be used for cooking, heating, or generation of
electricity. Several schemes of bio-methanation plants are being planned in India.
4.9.8 Composting
Considering the limited experience of above technologies, the daily quantity of waste
generated and also as the surrounding areas being predominantly rural, it can be safely
presumed that the composting will be suitable and will find a good market within the region.
T he proposed disposal strategy for Alandi will be to
Compost the organic fraction of the waste (50% of the 5 tons – 2.5 tons in normal season
and 30 tons (total) during Kartiki & Ashadhi fairs)
Sanitary land filling of inorganic fraction of waste and 20% compost rejects (3 tons/day
during normal season and 36 tons (total) during 2 fairs)
Encouraging local level aerobic composting and
Educating the community on 4R strategy (Reduce, Reuse. Recycle and Recover)
Sections below discuss the various aspects of implementing the above strategy.

4.9.9 Area Required for Disposal Site
Area requirement for the composting and land fill sites is assessed for the base year 2031. At
17 tons per day, the (50%) waste for composting works out to be 9 tons per day, and that for
the land filling is 10.8 tons (including 20% compost rejects) by the design year. T he design
capacities have therefore been considered as 10 tons for composting and 11 tons for
landfilling.
As summarised in T able 4.10, the area required for disposal of waste in Alandi works out to
a total of 38543 sq.m. T his comprises of 464 sq.m of land for composting and 37079 sq.m
for land filling of the inorganic waste. T hese area calculations form the basis for identifying
the new disposal site or assessing the adequacy of the proposed composting site.
Table 4.10: Area Requirements for Combined Composting and Landfill Plant in Alandi
Component Specifications Area Requirements*, m2
A. Composting
Capacity of the Plant 10 tons per day (16.7
cu.m) (1 ton of waste =
1.67 cu.m)
T ype of Composting Manual Aerobic
1. Area for Windrows for 21 21 nos of 2.0 X 1.0 m 357.00
days fermentation period height
Length of Windrows –
8.5 m
2. Spacing of Windrows 0.6 m 107.0
Total area for Composting 464 ( 0.11 acres)
B. Land Filling
Capacity of the Plant 11 tons/day (9 t/d inert
material + 1.8 t/d
compost rejects)
T otal Quantity to be land 45661 tons (avg 5
filled till 2031 tons/day for 25 years
from 2005 to 2030,
including 36 t during
two fairs/year) say
50000
Waste to be landfilled 40000 tons (@ 80%
placed waste density)
T ype of Land filling 2.5 m (partly cutting and
filling )
Area Required for land fill
Total area for Land fill (1 ton of waste = 1.67 26720 (6.6 acre s)
cu.m)
Total area for Disposal 27184 sq.m (6.7 acres)
Office, Internal roads and 1359 (0.3 acre s)
other common area (5%)
Buffe r z one around the site 10000 sq.m
Total are a of the site 38543 sq.m (9.5 acre s say
10 acre s)
* - T he above estimates for area requirement are preliminary estimates and are
expected to vary during the DPR stage.

4.9.10 Identification of Disposal Site
Identification of disposal site that meets the area requirements as estimated earlier and suits
the siting criteria set out in the MoEF guide lines, is the next step in implementing the
disposal options recommended for Alandi.
Presently, the solid waste is being dumped in a roadside open land near Vishrant Vad on
Vadgaon road at about 1 km from the AMC limits. T he area of the site is about 1000 sq.m.
T he site is in use since 2002-03. T his site is adjacent to the main road and also a religious
place called Vishrant Vad (a holy Banyan tree), which is visited by thousands of pilgrims
during the fairs in Alandi. Waste is dumped on the site manually in heaps and left as it is. It
was observed that the light materials such as plastic and paper are carried by wind to distant
places, and the situation around the site is unhygienic. T he nearest residential area is about
0.5 km from the site however, the town is developing in this direction. T he above factors
make this site unsuitable for composting and landfill.
T he 1988-98 Development Plan (DP) of Alandi prepared by the Director Town and Country
Planning Maharashtra, has identified a site for a compost plant on Survey no.9 and 10 to the
south-west boundary of the town, along the proposed Bypass road. T he proposed site is
located about 2 km from the centre of the town i.e. AMC office. T he site is rectangular in
shape and total area of the site is about 5300 sq.m.
Based on the land requirement calculated in Section 4.9.9, the area of the proposed site for
compost plant in the 1988-98 Development Plan is found to be inadequate. As per the
Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules, 2000 of MoEF, an integrated waste disposal
facility comprising composting of organic waste and landfill of inert material is
recommended at a suitable location. Nevertheless, the compost plant site proposed in the DP
can be used upto year 2011.
It was informed by the AMC officials that some abandoned stone quarries exist on the
Vadgaon road beyond the AMC limits. T hese abandoned quarries could be suitable for
disposal of the solid waste by landfilling. However, availability of the required area of land
and feasibility of acquisition of the land has to be explored in the DPR stage as the area
comes under the Charholi Khurd village. T he land fill site can be developed jointly with
neighbouring village authorities. Use of the abandoned quarries, if found suitable, will also
reduce the cost of site development.
It is therefore proposed to use the compost plant site proposed in the DP for composting and
the abandoned stone quarries for landfilling of the non-degradable solid waste upto year
2011. In the mean time a separate site of 9 acres area should be identified for disposal of the
solid waste in future.
4.9.11 Layout of the Disposal Site and Operations of Land filling
T he proposed site is designed to accommodate both the composting and land filling
operations and hence the components of disposal site shall comprise of
a compost plant of 10 ton capacity
land fill site of 12 ton capacity
demarcated areas for waste processing and storing the finished compost
designated areas for stock piling daily cover material
double clay liner, leachate collection and treatment system in the active land fill area
weigh bridge and office space
protective fencing all around and a main entry gate
peripheral plantation 3 m wide where green belt is developed to improve the aesthetics

main access Road of 6.00 m wide

internal roads to provide access to all phases of the site and
drainage facilities, etc.
A gradual method of filling the waste through cell method is recommended. Cells are so
planned that it can take one years of waste completely and it can be closed after its life. The
waste and compost rejects that are delivered in the site have to be spread uniformly and a
two inch layer of inert material (say soil) has to be covered over the day’s waste. In order to
achieve better performance, the placed waste should also be compacted manually.
Problems of environmental pollution by way of leachates, ground water contamination, etc.

from the land fill sites are minimised due to the fact that only inorganic waste is sent for land
filling. However as a precautionary measure
double clay liner at the bottom and the sides, compacted to achieve a permeability of
1x107 cm/sec
provision of efficient drainage system to avoid storm water entry into the land fill area
leachate collection and treatment system
land fill gas collection and passive venting of the same
are recommended at the land fill site. A detailed design of the same however has to be
carried out after fianalising during the DPR stage.
Further to asses the impacts of the land fill site operations, it is also recommended to
monitor the
quality of the leachate before and after treatment

ground water quality in the vicinity of the land fill site by way of monitoring wells and
land fill gas generated from the closed cells of the site
L a n d F il l s it e L a y o u t
8
P e r i p h e r a l p la n t i n g
11
7
12
10 4 M ain a cce ss 1 . B o u n d a r y F e n c in g
13
2 . P e r ip h e r a l D r a i n
5 1 3 . P e r ip h e r a l R o a d
9 4 . O f fi c e ,s to r e , t o ile t
5 . P a rk i n g a re a
2 6 T e m p o r a r y h o ld in g a r e a
7 . C o m p o s t i n g a re a
6 8 . L e a c h a t e h o ld in g t a n k
3
9 . S e d im e n t a t io n T a n k
1 0 . G a s f la r i n g F a c il it y
1 1 .C o m p lt e d P h a s e
1 0 0 m w id e n o n - d e v e lo p m e n t Z o n e o u t s i d e t h e 1 2 A c t i v e a re a
P e r ip h e r y a n d 1 0 m i n t e r n a l b u ff e r 1 3 .F u t u r e P h a s e
4.9.12 Processing of Bio-degradable Waste in the Compost Plant
Aerobic Composting, Vermi composting and Anaerobic digestion are the three options of
biological degradation of organic components in solid waste. Of the three, the simplest to
develop, operate is Aerobic Composting. As present Alandi town generates only about 2.5
tons of organic waste a day, mechanical compost plant is not viable and manual windrow
composting will be the most ideal and economical option.
As estimated earlier, the compost plant needs an area of 420 sq.m and will be developed

alongwith the landfill site. T he composting unit comprises of

21 windrows of 10m X 2m X 1.5 m arranged parallel to each other for receiving the
organic waste
a manually or motor operated rotary screen for screening the wind row outputs
maturity area for the compost to stabilise and
packing and storing area
Fresh organic waste form the town will be delivered directly to one of the 21 windrow
spaces on the paved/unpaved but leveled and well drained area. Each day’s waste will form
one windrow. Windrows loaded with the organic waste will be rotated manually on the 6th
and 11th day from outside to center, to provide aeration and destroy larvae.
On 21st day from the date of placing the waste on the windrow, the digested organic waste
passed through a rotary screen of about 25mm square mesh to remove oversize materials.
T he screened compost will be stored for about 30 days in the maturity yard in heaps 2m x
1.5m wide to ensure that it gets stabilised before sale and the rejects will be disposed at land
fill site.
T o avoid odor, fly nuisance and the quality of the compost, a small amount of cow dung
slurry is also added in the initial stages of windrow composting. Since the segregated
organic waste is being used, it is estimated that around 20% of rejects will be generated from
the plant and around 2 tons compost out put is expected generate from the plant.
4.10 COSTING OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECTS

T he following table summarises the cost estimates for the various proposals made above.
Table 4.11 : Cost Estimates for Proposed Solid Waste Management Measures
Ite m Q uantity Rate Amount
Rs. Lakh / Rs. Lakh
unit
I. Equipment
1. Refuse Collection Bins, nos 310 0.02 6.20
2. Litter bins, nos 50 0.01 0.50
3. T ools and equipment for garbage 100 0.01 1.00
loading (Ghamela, Iron rakes, LLDPE
baskets, spade, brooms)
II. Vehicles
1. Containerized push carts with 4
containers, nos 5 0.075 0.38
2. Hydraulic T ipper (4 tons), nos 1 8.0 8.00
III. Land acquisition for waste disposal 38543
site, sq.m
IV. Compost and Landfill
1. Compost plant, tons per day 10 2.0 20.00
2. Landfill, tons per day 11 7.0 77.00
V. Rehabilitation of existing SWD sites
at Padmavati Road and near crematorium 2.00
Sub Total 115.08
E. O & M Expe nditure
E1. Compost & land fill 8% 8.00
E2. Collection & T ransportation 15% 15.00
Sub Total- E 23.00
Note: Cost estimates are based on Consultant’ s experience on similar projects. Will vary depending on findings of
the DP R study.

4.11 STRATEGIES FOR HANDLING WASTE GENERATED BY PILGRIMS

Large number of tourist congregate in Alandi on a pilgrimage to the Shri Dnyaneshwar
Maharaj Samadhi temple situated on the bank of the Indrayani River. Due to this reason, the
inflow of pilgrims suddenly raises to 5 lakh during the auspicious days of Kartiki and Ashadhi
Ekadashi in the months of November/December and June/July.
In addition to the above, about 8000 pilgrims daily visit Alandi throughout the year. T he
pilgrim inflow is highly fluctuating with high inflow on monthly Ekadashi days, during the
fairs and other festivals, and goes down to lowest levels during non-festival season.
Considering these aspects, special strategies are required to manage the solid waste generated
during this peak season. Since the generation is for a very short period (2 to 3 days in a
month), development of permanent infrastructure for additional capacities is not economical.
In view of this the following strategies are recommended for the identified location of Alandi
town during the peak season.
1. T he Pilgrim Zone shall be declared as the Special Sanitation Area

2. Collection and conveyance of waste in these areas shall be assigned to a special team of
sanitary workers, who will attend to the cleaning operations at least thrice a day. In case of
places around temple and Bus Stand, adequate number of people should be deployed to
attend the conservancy operations.
3. Specially designed litter bins as presented
in section 4.3 shall be placed at 50 m
interval in the Pilgrim Zone for people to
place the waste in the bins.
4. Waste from these bins shall be collected
thrice a day.
5. In order to take care of solid waste such
as flowers, garlands etc being dumped in
the river, a ‘Nirmalya Kalash’ will be
installed along the river banks. T hese NIRMALYA KALASH
would be containers of sufficient size such as 200 liters plastic drum or any other
containers decorated to give a look of ‘Kalash’. In all six such ‘Nirmalya Kalash’ are
proposed to be installed on both the banks of the river. (T his proposal is included under
Indrayani river front development)
6. T he Special Sanitation T eam engaged for the conservancy operations in these areas shall
be provided with the a separate uniform that identifies them easily and helps to educate the
pilgrims on solid waste disposal.
4.12 COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION AND NGO INVOLVEMENT

Public awareness and public involvement in the entire process of solid waste management is
essential, which at present is managed through the temple administration. It is essential that
the solid waste generators actively participate in mitigating hazards arising from improper
waste management. One such initiative could include developing an Information, Education,
and Communication (IEC) mechanism with the help of Non-Governmental Organizations
(NGOs) working in the area.
Alandi has many Dharmashalas representing various communities and towns. T here are also
many religious educational institutes (Varkari Shikshan Sanstha) in Alandi wherein students
from different parts of the State come and stay for religious studies. T hese Dharmashala and
religious training institutes can be involved in day to day cleaning operations of the Pilgrim

Zone by allocating them specific areas turn by turn.
Similarly, various groups from Alandi as well as nearby towns and Pune contribute to
maintaining cleanliness in Alandi during and after the Ashadhi and Kartiki fairs. A system for
appreciation of such efforts by Appreciation Certificates by the AMC/T emple T rust would
help to increase community participation in environmental improvement of Alandi.
Also, the MAEER’s Maharashtra Academy of Engineering is a reputed technical institute

based at Alandi. T he technical expertise of the faculty and students can be utilised for
carrying out environmental improvement projects in Alandi.
4.13 PHASEWISE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

PROJECTS
T he solid waste management programme is proposed to implement in two phases as below.
Table 4.12 : Cost Estimates for Proposed Solid Waste Management Measures
Phase Ye ar Propose d Activitie s Estimate d Cost
Phase I Upto year 2011 1. Implementation of waste Rs. 50 Lakh
segregation and collection
system in Pilgrim Zone
2. Development of the Compost
Plant site proposed in the DP.
3. Landfilling of non-degradable
waste in abandoned stone
quarries.
4. Rehabilitation of existing SW
disposal sites
5. Community awareness
programmes, IEC campaigns by
NGOs on waste segregation
Phase II 2011 - 2031 Implementation of waste Rs. 75 Lakh
segregation and collection system in
entire town
Commissioning of new site for
composting and landfill.
4.14 PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION

T he following sectors shall be developed with private sector participation:
Door to door collection of domestic, commercial and hotel wastes in pilgrim zone;
Collection, transportation, treatment and disposal may be evolved on the pro-rata basis
for door to door collection of dharmashala (marriage halls) waste, and hotel/restaurant
waste;
Awareness creation;
Capital and maintenance cost for new vehicles/push carts; and
Operation and maintenance of the Compost plant.

5.0 DEVELOPMENT OF INDRAYANI RIVERFRONT

5.1 ABOUT THE INDRAYANI RIVER
T he Indrayani River flowing through the Alandi town is the main surface waterbody in the
area. It originates near Kurvande Village in the Sahyadri ranges, about 5 km southwest of
Lonavala. T he river basin covers major portion of Haveli T aluka of Pune District.
5.1.1 Tributaries and Drainage
T he Indrayani River is formed by many small streams flowing down the Sahyadri ranges in
monsoon. T he River flows on the whole east through the Nane maval and further down after
26 km it is joined by the Andhra River on the left. T he Andhra River is an important tributary
of the Indrayani River. It then enters the open country and passes via Dehu, a place of
pilgrimage sacred to the Vani Saint “ Sant T ukaram”. From Dehu the river flows about 20 km
south-east and enters Alandi town, and after keeping south-east for about 32 km, turns and
meets the Bhima near T ulapur after a course of about 100 km. T he width of the River within
Alandi T own is about 55 m.
5.1.2 Water Quality and Usage
T he Indrayani River is an important source of drinking water for the region. It is classified
under Class A-II (drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by
disinfection). T here are two dams on the river near Alandi namely the Vadivale Dam, which
is 3 km away, and the Alandi Dam, which is 1 km away from the town. T he water to Alandi
T own is sourced from the Alandi Dam.
5.1.3 Adjoining Landuse and Activity Pattern
T he Indrayani river can be categorized into three broad zones within the Alandi Municipal
Limits namely, the Zone upstream of the New bridge, Central Zone between new and old
bridge, and the Lower Zone downstream of the Old bridge. T he land use and activity pattern
along the river banks in this stretch are described below.
Upstre am of Ne w Bridge
T his zone covers the area between the Western limit of the Municipal Boundary and the
New Bridge.
T he land use on either side includes agricultural lands and religious dwellings such as the
Sakhare Maharaj Ashram, Chaitanya Ashram, Narasimha Saraswati Mandir.
T he Alandi dam is located about 400m upstream of the new bridge.
T he remains of an old bridge structure are seen in the river adjacent to the NewBridge. A
small weir is also seen at this location. T he river water is flowing and appears clear in this
zone.
Le ft bank
T he intake point of the Alandi water supply scheme is situated on the left bank of the
river near the dam. T he water treatment plant and the main pumping station are also
located nearby.
T he Mauli Bagh (a private garden for the Samadhi T emple, managed by the T emple
T rust) is also located on the left bank. T he area of the garden is about 3000 sq. m (0.75
acres) and it serves as floricultural garden

T he Narsimha Saraswati Mandir is situated on the left bank.

T wo public toilets are located on the left bank of the river near the New Bridge, one
managed by Sulabh International and the other by the Alandi Dehu Parisar Vikas Samiti.
Right bank
T he Sakhare Maharaj Ashram and the Chaitanya Ashram are located on the right bank of
the river.
T he MAEER’s Engineering College campus is located on the right bank a little away
from the River.
Are a be twe e n Ne w Bridge and the O ld Bridge

T his area has the maximum pilgrim activities.
A 3 m wide pedestrian bridge called the “ Sopan Bridge” is located in between the two
bridges.
T he Old and the New Bridge and the Sopan bridge are the three main links connecting
both the banks of the river.
Both the banks of the river between the Old Bridge and the New Bridge are being
developed as bathing ghats.
Construction of ghats between the New Bridge and the Sopan Bridge are complete,
whereas construction of ghats downstream of the Sopan Bridge has not yet started.
A ‘Darshan Bari (corridor)’ has been constructed on both the banks of the river from the
New Bridge upto the Sopan bridge.
An incomplete concrete structure and an abandoned weir are seen in the river near the
New Bridge.
Further down there is Kolhapur T ype (KT ) weir for storing water in the river for bathing
and other purposes.
T he area upstream of Sopan Bridge is generally used by the devotees for bathing and
washing clothes.
Le ft bank
T he left bank of the River has a dense built up area which is part of the Gaothan. T he
immediate landuse adjoining the river consists of religious (temples) and commercial
areas.
T he Samadhi T emple of Shri Dnyaneshwar Maharaj is located along the left bank of the
river in this zone.
T he area downstream of the Sopan Bridge near a temple (Pundalik T emple) is used for
performing ‘Pinda Daan’ and ‘Shradha’ ceremony as per Hindu Religion. A permanent
structure has been constructed for this purpose. T he area is known as Chakratirth.
T he parking lot of the Alandi Municipal Council is located adjacent to the Darshan
Corridor on the left bank.
On the left bank of the river an intercepting sewer has been constructed by the Alandi
Dehu Parisar Vikas Samiti, which receives the sullage from the town. T he sullage/sewage
from the town is collected in this sewer and further discharged into the Indrayani River
near the Old Bridge without any treatment.
A toilet and bathroom complex, managed by the Sulabh International, is constructed on
the left bank of the river at Chakratirtha. It has 4 toilet seats and 2 bathrooms each for
ladies and gents.
On the left bank of the River near the Old Bridge the AMC has constructed a shopping
complex. T he river water quality behind this complex is very bad as it has become
stagnant due to a weir. Flowers, garlands, plastic bags and waste food are seen in the
river, which are arrested by the weir at this location. T he area is also used for open
defecation and dumping of municipal solid waste.

Photographs

Right Bank
T he Alandi Dehu Parisar Vikas Samiti has constructed a Coliseum on the right bank.
T he landuse along the right bank consists of the structures under construction and an
agricultural land.
Are a downstre am of O ld Bridge

T his comprises the area downstream of the Old Bridge upto the Municipal Limits.
T he river water quality in this stretch is highly polluted due to direct discharge of
sewage/sullage, open defecation and dumping of municipal solid waste, and the
crematorium.
T he vacant area on the right and left bank is used for open defecation by the pilgrims
during the fairs.
A stagnant pool of water is formed along the left bank of the river (during low flow
conditions), which gives a bad odour. However, about 100m downstream near the
Khandoba T emple the river regains good flow and water quality appears to be good.
Le ft bank
Landuse on the left bank is sparsely built-up with few residential areas and dharmashalas.
T he PCMT Bus stand and a crematorium are located just adjacent to the Old bridge on the
left bank.
Solid waste is also illegally dumped by shopkeepers near the crematorium.
Further down there is sewage pumping station, which is not functional.
Right bank
T he right bank downstream of the old bridge has vacant agricultural land.
5.2 SOURCES OF RIVER WATER POLLUTION

T he sources of river water pollution, identified during the field survey, are given below. The
identification and prioritization of projects under riverfront development are based on these
issues, and discussions with the stakeholders taking into consideration to overall activities
taking place along the river banks and the needs of the town.
Pilgrim activitie s
1. T he area behind the Samadhi T emple experiences intense pilgrim activities such as
bathing, religious activities, washing clothes, which pollute the river water.
2. T he leftovers of the religious activities (Pinda Daan, Shraddha) along the river bank near
the Chakratirth pollute the river water.
Discharge of untre ate d se wage /sullage
3. T he construction of the intercepting sewer is incomplete and the raw sewage/sullage is
discharged directly into the river near the old bridge.
4. T he wastewater from the public toilets along the riverbanks is discharged into the river.
Dumping of solid waste along the banks of the rive r
5. A daily morning vegetable market is set up along road on the left bank of the river near
the New Bridge. T he waste from the activity finds its way into the river.
6. Solid waste from the commercial area is illegally dumped near Old bridge.
7. Large quantity of plastic bags and food leftovers from the restaurants and marriage halls
are seen disposed on the river banks.
8. Similarly, the municipal solid waste has been dumped along the river bank near the
crematorium.
9. T he ash, unburnt body parts from the crematorium find its way into the river body as
there is no proper fencing to this area.

Photographs

O pe n de fe cation
10. Open defecation takes place under the new and old bridge and along the river banks
which have not been constructed.
11. T he open areas along the riverbank are used by a large number of pilgrims for defecation
during the fairs and festivals.
Mid-stre am structure s in the rive r
12. T he presence of incomplete abandoned structures mid-stream of the river obstruct the
flow of the water forming stagnant pool of water.
13. Solid waste such as garlands, flowers etc gets collected in the area and decompose at the
same location.
14. T he stagnant water also leads to breeding of algae and other plants.
Ge ne ral
15. In general the river water in the stretch between old and new bridge shows a dark green
colour with dense growth of algae and other weeds.
16. T he river section has never been dredged and the river bed is believed to be significantly
silted in this stretch due to presence of two weirs and other structures.
17. T he water quality results show presence of fecal coliforms in the river water, which is
dangerous to public health as people drink the same water as ‘T irth’.
18. T he Old Bridge is an important entry point to Alandi from Pune side and the solid waste
dumped on either side and poor water quality gives an unpleasant appearance as one
enters the town.
19. In particular, the left bank of the river behind the temple is in an unhygienic condition,
which is not in tune with that a clean and pious surrounding expected near a temple.
5.3 PROJECTS IDENTIFIED FOR RIVER FRONT DEVELOPMENT

T he above discussion reveals that except near the Dyaneshwar Ghat and the Coliseum there is
very little interface between the town and the river. In all the other areas the town has turned
its back to the river. T raditionally many pilgrim places in India have developed along
riverbanks. T he interface between the settlement and the river has evolved over the years and
manifested in strong architectural expressions in the form of Ghats, Chattris, Kiosks and
Pavilions along the river. T hese served the function of pleasure as well as a place for
performing all the rituals such as bathing, praying etc. T he ghats of Varanasi and Vrindavan
are considered as most exemplary edifices of Indian riverfront architecture. T he ghats of
Varanasi have been declared as UNESCO World Heritage site. Alandi does not seem to have
a recorded history of such riverfront architecture. But very recent interventions to this aspect
has been made by the Alandi Dehu Parisar Vikas Samiti which has constructed four ghats,
two on either bank on the Indrayani River. Riverfront development in Alandi assumes more
significance as it is at a strategic location at the entry point to the town from Pune side. If
developed properly the riverfront could give a new image to the town. T he riverfront
development in Alandi would target at preventing the pollution and maintaining clean &
hygienic conditions. It will also serve the purpose of beautification of the riverfront to give a
pleasing appearance and help the pilgrims in carrying out the rituals such as bathing, praying
etc.
For this purpose the river in the town is divided into three zones upper, central and middle
zone.
T he above discussion has shown that the activities of pilgrims are concentrated in the central
zone. Hence this zone is taken on priority and the projects identified are described in detail.
Regarding the other two zones it is proposed to develop green belt on either side of the river,
which would control erosion of the banks and illegal dumping of waste. In the lower zone the
crematorium will have to be shifted further down towards the Khandoba T emple and the area
vacated has to be landscaped and beautified.

5.3.1 Activity wise division of central zone

T he river in its stretch between the New and the Old bridge is proposed to be divided into
three compartments depending on its use, as described below.
Bathing zone – At present the area from New Bridge to Sopan Bridge on both the banks of
the river is provided with well constructed ghats. T his zone should be identified for the
bathing activity only.
Religious activity and washing zone – T he stretch from Sopan Bridge to Chakratirth, will be
continued to be used for performing last rites as is being done presently. T he downstream area
will be used for washing clothes.
Recreation zone – T he area on both the banks downstream of Chakratirth is suggested to be

used for recreational purpose such as boating with pedal boats, water sports or passive
recreation along the banks. For this purpose, both the banks in this stretch will be fully
constructed in continuation of the existing ghats.
5.3.2 Removal of old structures from riverbed and dredging
T here are a few old and abandoned structures in the river such as an old weir and remains of
an old bridge just upstream of the New Bridge, abandoned structure with four columns
downstream of the New bridge, and a partially submerged stone structure near the Sopan
bridge. Further downstream a weir is constructed across the river. T he flow of the river should
be maintained by dredging and removal of the unwanted obstructing structures in the
riverbed. Only the necessary weirs for maintaining adequate water depth near the ghats should
be kept. T he riverbed can be deepened by dredging the bottom sediments settled over many
years. However, the quantum of dredging required can not be estimated at this stage. Hence,
the cost of dredging has not been included in this report.
5.3.3 Strengthening of existing weir near old bridge
T he existing weir just upstream of the old bridge is old and needs to be strengthened through
reconstruction.
5.3.4 Construction of mid stream fountains
In order to maintain the cleanliness of water three fountains one in each part will be installed.
T he fountains will aerate the water and also add to beauty of the area.
5.3.5 Construction of ghats
T he Alandi Dehu Parisar Vikas Samiti has constructed four ghats near the new bridge. These
may be continued with the same design to maintain uniformity, up to Sopan Bridge measuring
approximately 54 m x 15m on the left bank and similar size on the right bank. Further down
from Sopan bridge similar ghats should be constructed for a length of about 50 m on the right
bank and upto the Old bridge (approximately 175m length) on the right bank. T he average
width of the ghat is proposed to be 20 m on either banks.
T he existing incomplete sewer line along the left bank should be covered and completed upto
downstream of the old bridge as part of this construction.

5.3.6 Construction of steps, boat landing facility and walkway along right bank
A stretch of about 100 m length on the right bank, in the recreation zone, is proposed to be
provided with riverside steps and walkway through a green belt. Also, 2 to 3 wooden
platforms are proposed to be providing boating facilities in the recreation area. T his would
provide a recreation zone for the local residents during the non-festive season.
5.3.7 Gardens and soft landscaping
T he area behind the ghats and in between the ghats on the back side of the temple is proposed
to be developed as small greenbelts with shadow giving trees. A similar greenbelt is proposed
in the last stretch on the right bank close to the old bridge. T he trees can be provided with
seating platforms around. Ornamental plants such as wilkensinea, crotons, bougainvilleas etc
are proposed along the parapet walls. T hese will act as resting areas for the pilgrims as well as
give the much-needed green spaces to the town. Similarly, a green belt of tall evergreen trees
such as Ashola or other suitable trees, is proposed to be developed near the Old Bridge, to
create visual barrier to block the ugly look of the backside of the shops. T hese will also create
a sense of semi-enclosed space. T he same arrangement would be repeated on the right bank.
5.3.8 Construction of steps and development of greenbelt upstream of New bridge
A greenbelt of shady trees with seating platforms around and ornamental plants is proposed
on both banks from New bridge upto the Alandi weir. Similarly, the concrete steps to safely
approach the river water are proposed to be constructed on both the banks of the river from
New bridge upto the Alandi river. T his construction is expected to help safe and comfortable
the pilgrims (Varkaris) along the river banks during the Ashadhi and Kartiki fairs.
5.3.9 Construction of Toilet Blocks
At present there are three toilet blocks on the left bank of the river but no facility is available
on the right bank. When ghats are developed on the right bank, toilets will have to be
developed too. T hus, two toilet blocks are proposed to be constructed on the right bank.
Similarly, an additional toilet block is proposed to be provided just upstream of the old bridge
on the left bank, after development of the ghats. Each block will have 4 WC’s and 2
bathrooms/ changing rooms each for ladies and gents.
5.3.10 Lighting on river banks
At present there are sodium vapor lamps near the coliseum and the Dnyaneshwar ghat.
Similar lighting is proposed in the entire stretch of the zone between the old and newbridge.
5.3.11 Drinking water fountains
T he new gardens along the ghats are proposed to be provided with drinking water fountains.
T his will provide the pilgrims clean drinking water in hygienic conditions. T he Alandi Dehu
Parisar Vikas Samiti has provided similar fountains near the Dyanenshwar ghat. It is proposed
to provide five such additional water fountains, three would be on the right bank and two on
the left bank. Each fountain will have two taps. T he water for the same will be the treated
water from the Alandi Municipal Council.
5.3.12 Provision of Nirmalya Kalash
In order to take care of soild waste such as flowers, garlands etc being dumped in the river, a
‘Nirmalya Kalash’ will be installed along the river banks. T hese would be containers of

sufficient size such as 200 liters plastic drum or any other containers decorated to give a look
of ‘Kalash’. In all six such ‘Nirmalya Kalash’ are proposed to be installed on both the banks
of the river. T he pilgrims will have to be sensitized to put all floral waste in these containers.
T he organic waste collected from these containers will be used for composting pits proposed
to be set up in the Mauli Bagh or in the gardens developed along the ghats. T he concept of
‘Nirmalya Kalash’ has been successful in Mumbai and Pune areas during the Ganesh
Festivals where such containers were installed near rivers lakes and other immersion sites.
T he containers are also a permanent feature around these water bodies.
5.3.13 Removal of solid waste dumped along river bank
T he municipal solid waste dumped along the left bank of the river on both the sides of the old
bridge should be removed immediately. T his waste can be disposed off on to the existing
solid waste dumping site on Vadgaon road used by the Municipality.
5.3.14 Relocation of existing crematorium
Similarly, the existing crematorium on the left bank of the river near old bridge should be
relocated to its proposed location downstream, as per the 1988-98 Development Plan of
Alandi.
5.3.15 Security guards
At least six security guards, three on either bank should be employed to monitor the central
zone. T hey would sensitize the pilgrims to use toilets and prevent open defecation. Similarly
they will encourage them to put the floral waste in the ‘Nirmalya Kalash’ thereby preventing
pollution of the river. T he security guards would also be responsible to prevent illegal
dumping of waste by nearby shopkeepers, restaurants along the river banks. Additional guards
will be provided in the upper and lower zones during fairs and festivals to prevent defecation
on the banks and maintain the green belts along the river.
T he above projects have been identified to maintain clean and pleasing atmosphere around the
river and help in reducing pollution load due to solid waste dumping. T his will also enhance
the image of the town. T o tackle the problem of the sewage getting into the river is identified
as a separate project for sullage utilization scheme has been proposed.
5.4 IMPLEMENTATION
T he above projects can be taken-up by the Alandi Municipality with contribution from the
T emple T rust. Alternatively, the projects can be implemented through private sector
participation and further maintenance with physical/monetary contributions from the temple
trust and the municipality.

5.5 SUMMARY OF RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

Table 5.1: Summary of Riverfront Development Projects and Their Costs
Sl Proje ct Spe cifications Estimate d cost
No. (Rs. Lakh)
1 Removal of mid-stream structures 1.0
2 Strengthening of existing weir near 1.0
old bridge.
3 Construction of mid stream fountains 3 no.s 6.0
4 Construction of ghats 54 m x 15m – upto Sopan 30.0
bridge
50m x 20 m – right bank
after Sopan bridge
175m x 20m – left bank
from Sopan bridge upto
old bridge
5 Construction of steps, boat landing 100 m length 4.0
facility, and walkway along right
bank
6 Gardens and soft landscaping: 4.0
7 Greenbelt and construction of steps 10.0
for 200 m on both banks from New
bridge upto Alandi weir
8 Construction of T oilet Blocks 3 No.s (4 WC + 2 Bath in 5.0
each)
9 Lighting on river banks 8 No.s sodium vapour Included in
lamps Roads
improvement
10 Drinking water fountains 5 no. with 2 taps each (3 3.0
on right bank + 2 on left
bank)
11 Provision of Nirmalya Kalash 6 no.s (3 on each bank) 0.25
12 Removal of solid waste dumped along 4.25
river bank, Relocation of existing
crematorium, and other miscellaneous
works
13 Boats and other recreation facilities 1.50
14 Security guards 6 no. (3 on each bank) 1.8 (annual salary
@ Rs. 2500/- pm)
Total 70.0

6.0 WATER SUPPLY

6.1 INTRODUCTION
Alandi town is in the Pune District in the state of Maharashtra. Due to its religious importance
and proximity to the Pune city, the town is expected to grow fast. T he existing water supply
system needs to be improved and the distribution system strengthened and expanded to cover
the entire town. T his section of the feasibility report comprises a need assessment of the water
supply system and improvements required on a short-term and long-term basis to ensure
proper distribution.
6.2 EXISTING SCHEME

As per the 2001 census, the population of the Alandi town is 17565. T he total domestic water
requirement at is 2.61 MLD based on present stage (2001) population and per-capita
consumption of is considered as 135 lpcd for resident population and 30 lpcd for the floating
population. It is understood from the discussions that the present water supply is to the tune of
3.5 MLD.
T he town already has an existing water supply system , which was constructed in the year
1935 and upgraded several times by modifications and augmentations to the existing system..
T he present water supply scheme has the following major components
• Intake structures
• T ransmission mains / Feeder mains
• Water treatment plant (WT P) of 1.68 MLD capacity
• Service reservoirs / Distribution network
T he elevation difference between the maximum and minimum contours within the town
boundary is around 12 m.
6.2.1 Source
Presently, the primary source of water supply to Alandi is from Indrayani River. The intake
structure for abstracting 3.5 MLD of raw water, is located near the Alandi dam. Sub-surface
water is abstracted from the wells and bore wells within town limits. T he Bore wells are
yielding a flow of nearly 20000 lit per day as per the information from municipal officials.
6.2.2 Transmission Main and Feeder Main Network
A raw water intake pipe of 350 mm dia CI-LA is laid for a length of 107 m from the Intake
well to the Jackwell. A pure water transmission main of 225 mm dia CI-LA is laid for a
length of 1230 m from clear water sump to service reservoirs. In addition, the feeder main
network to various cisterns is a part of the distribution system.
T he raw water pump house has 15 HP (2+1) and 35 HP (1+1) pumps. It is not provided with a
standby generator. For pumping the treated water to the service reservoirs, clear water pumps
of 15 HP (2+1) and 35 HP (1+1) capacity are provided. Based on the information available
with the officials, the transmission main and feeder main network is functioning satisfactorily.

6.2.3 Water Treatment Plant (WTP)
T he WT P is located within 100 m from the intake point on the Indrayani river. The treatment
plant has the following main components
• Raw water pump house

• Cascade aerator
• Chemical House
• Flash mixer
• Clarifier
• Filter beds
T he components like aerator and filter beds of existing treatment plant are not functioning
properly as most of the electrical and mechanical components are very old. Complete
revamping of the electrical and mechanical fittings is required. T he WT P was constructed in
the year 1974 with rapid sand filter and clarifloculator. In addition, only settling tank for a
capacity of 1.68 mld is constructed to cope up with the additional demands. T he water from
this settling tank is bye passed and water enters the network without filtration during the
festival period.
6.2.4 Distribution System
T he total road length within the municipal boundary is around 18 km and it is understood
from the discussions with the municipal officials that almost 25 km length of the town is
covered with the distribution system. T he distribution system includes;
• T wo Elevated service reservoirs of 4.5 LL and 5.0 LL

• Ground Service Reservoir of 0.38 LL
• 6 Cisterns to service the poor community.
T he distribution system is understood to have few leakages, which are required to be arrested.
T he uncovered areas have to be piped and rehabilitation of the existing structures are required
to be carried out.
A flow diagram network of the entire town is shown in Fig 6.1. T he details of the existing
potable water distribution system are furnished below in T able 6.1.
Table 6.1: Details of Existing Potable Water Distribution System

Sl.No. Ite ms De scription
1 Overhead T anks / GLSR 2/1
2 T otal Storage Capacity 9.88 LL
3 Daily Water Supply 35 LL (Normal Season)
4 Distribution Zones 2
5 Length of distribution Network 25 Km
6 Duration of Water Supply 6.00 AM to 9.00 AM (Normal Season)
4.00 PM to 6.00 PM
7 Public Fountains 6
8 House Connections 1327

6.3 IMPROVEMENTS TO EXISTING SYSTEM

It is assumed for the present study that the source is reliable and permissions are available
from the concerned departments to extract the additional water from the same source.
Otherwise additional sources have to be identified, which requires additional estimate
depending on the requirement.
Based on the CPHEEO manual the water supply demand is 135 lpcd for the cities provided
with piped water supply where sewerage system is contemplated. T he break up of the water
demand is shown in the following T able 6.2
Table 6.2: Water Requirements for Domestic Purpose

Sr.No. Description Water in lpcd
1 Bathing 55
2 Washing of cloths 20
3 Flushing of WC 30
4 Washing of house 10
5 Washing of utensils 10
6 Cooking 5
7 Drinking 5
Total Demand 135
T he population of Alandi has been projected as 60515 for the year 2031 and presuming the
increase in floating population of the same tune. T he water demand for the domestic purpose
is considered as 135 lpcd as cited in the CPHEEO manual and for the floating population it is
considered as 70 lpcd. T he following table indicates the water demands.
Table 6.3 : Water Demands

Status Resident Demand @ Floating Demand @ Total Demand
Population 135 lpcd Population 70 lpcd (MLD)
(MLD) (MLD)
Census (2001) 17,565 2.37 8,000 0.56 2.93
Ultimate (2011) 26,988 3.64 10,000 0.70 4.34
Ultimate (2031) 60,515 8.17 20,000 1.40 9.57
Additional Population 15,000 1.05 1.05
(for marginal treated
WS during fares)
Alandi being a pilgrim place is attracting many people and it is essential to have additional
facilities for the water supply during the periods of the Ashadhi and Kartiki fairs. A marginal
provision of 15000 is considered for designing the system to partially serve the pilgrim
population during the fairs. T he fairs last for two days i.e. four days in a year. Hence it is
better to meet the additional demands through water tankers.
T hus, the total water demand in short term for the year 2011 is estimated to be 5.39 MLD (i.e.
4.34 + 1.05). T he capacity required by the year 2031 is estimated to be 10.62 MLD (i.e.9.57
+ 1.05).
Based on the above and the discussions with the municipal officials, following are the need
based proposals for the augmentation of the water supply system considering the regular
population and the floating pilgrim population.

T he proposals for augmentation of the scheme are

• Rehabilitation of the existing water supply system (Scheme-1)
• New proposals for the additional capacity of (Scheme-2)
Re habilitation for Existing Wate r Supply Sche me (Sche me – 1)

• Providing raw water intake pipe, raw water pumping main.
• Rehabilitation of treatment plant (2 MLD)
• It is advisable to retain the existing civil structures with some rehabilitation measures
and modifications to suit new technologies and providing new electrical and
mechanical components in water treatment plant.
• Construction of additional capacity of treatment plant (4MLD)
• Remodelling of the distribution system for equitable distribution of water and
refurbishment of service reservoirs and cisterns.
Ne w Proposals for Additional Capacity (Sche me – 2)

• Providing raw water intake for additional capacity including the connecting pipe , raw
water
• Clear water pumping main (Common for both schemes 1 & 2)
• Providing new raw water and clear water pumping machinery
• Construction of additional capacity of treatment plant (7 MLD)
• Construction of new service reservoirs to have sufficient storage.
• Laying new distribution lines in the uncovered area.
6.4 CAPITAL COST AND PHASING OF INVESTMENT

Cost of the proposed improvements to the water supply and distribution system is listed in
T able 6.4. T he cost estimates have been prepared based on the MJP SoR and consultants data
bank.
Table 6.4 : Project Cost and Phasing of Investment

SlNo. De scription Cost (Rs. Lakhs)
Phase I (2005 – 11) High Priority
1 Rehabilitation of existing supply & distribution system 19.00
2 Rehabilitation of existing treatment Plant (Civil structures) 4.00
3 Raw water Intake for additional capacity (2 Mld) 50.00
4 Construction of additional capacity WT P (4 MLD) including 130.00
Raw water and Clear water T ransmission Main
Pumping Machinery
Electrical & Mechanical components of WT P
Phase II (2011 –2031) Me dium Priority
7 Additional capacity of WT P (7 MLD) 100.00
8 Improvements to Distribution System (2 Km ) 75.00
9 Additional Service Reservoirs 120.00
Base Cost of Improve me nt 498.00
Physical Contingency 5 % 24.90
Supervision & quality control 2 % 9.96
DPR cost 2 % 9.96
Total Cost 542.82
Say 550.00

7.0 ROADS & TRAFFIC IMPROVEMENT

7.1 EXISTING ROAD NETWORK
Alandi is connected to the District Head Quarter Pune and nearby main urban centres
through the Pune-Nashik NH-50 and a Major District Road (MDR). It is also connected to
the Moshi village on the NH-50 by a road leading to Dehu, another religious town. Chakan,
a village also situated on the NH-50, is connected to Alandi by a MDR passing through the
town.
Internally, the entire Alandi town is connected by various small roads and lanes. The internal
roads are mostly 7 m wide. However, the effective width is significantly reduced due to
roadside parking, shops. Also, the roads are irregular and of awkward shape.
T he major roads in the Alandi town are as below. T hese roads cater to the demand of the
commercial traffic through the town.
Table 7.1 : Major Roads in Alandi

Sl Road Type Approx. Approx.
No Width (m) Le ngth (km)
1 Pune-Chakan Road over new bridge BT 18 2.0
2 Branch of Pune-Chakan Road to Alandi BT 18 0.5
Nagar Parishad over old bridge
3 Dehu Phata from Pune – Chakan Road BT 18 0.55
4 Municipality office – Rath – Vadgaon BT 8 to 12 1.0
Chowk - Bharav Road
Municipality office to Samadhi T emple BT 8 0.3
(Mahadwar Road)
5 Markal Road BT 12 0.4
6 Vadgaon Road BT 15 0.5
7 Padmavati Road WBM 15 0.5
8 Charholi Road (Cosmos Bank to Municipal WBM 9 0.5
boundary) + BT
9 Chakan Chowk to Water T reatment Plant WBM 6 0.7
10 Kelgaon Road BT 9 0.4
Source : Development P lan of Alandi 1988-98 and field survey 2005
At the time of the Ashadhi and Kartiki Ekadashi days, vehicles are not permitted within
Pilgrim zone. However, on normal days vehicles are permitted upto the temple entrance and
can be seen parked in the small open area in front of the temple.
T he Pune – Markal road, via the old river bridge-AMC office through the Alandi town,
witnesses movement of heavy commercial vehicles such as trucks, trailers and containers,
carrying goods, machinery and materials for the industrial area near Markal village. In
addition, the vehicles going towards the temple via the Mahadwar Road, PMT buses and the
local traffic also move on this road. Many restaurants and shops as well as the AMC office,
Police Station are located on this road. Indiscriminate parking of vehicles is seen along this
road, particularly in front of the AMC office, where the road takes a sharp turn. As a result,
traffic jams are common in this area even though the traffic volume could be relatively less.
Similarly, the Pradakshina Road from the Vadgaon Chowk to Chakan Chowk witnesses

traffic congestions due to indiscriminate parking of vehicles along roadside, movement of

heavy vehicles and more pedestrian traffic due to location of the Holy Wall and other
important temples as well as many Dharma Shalas (Guest Houses) on this stretch.
T he stretch from Vadgaon Chowk to Chakan Chowk is a 30 ft (9.14 m) wide tar road. It is
an important road in the town since it forms part of the circular route for the holy walk
around the temple and also has the other important temples, religious places and
Dharmashalas located along the road.
During the time of the Ashadhi and Kartiki Ekadashi lakhs of pilgrims take a walk along the
circular route from Nagar Parishad Chowk-Markal Chowk-Rath-Vadgaon Chowk-Bharav
Rasta-Indrayani River bank and Nagar Parishad chowk. T his circular route is called
Pradakshina Marg. T he length of the road is about 2 km. T he heavy vehicles to Markal and
Chakan industrial area and the PMT buses also ply via the Nagar Parishad Chowk-Markal
Chowk-Rath-Vadgaon Chowk stretch.
T he road network in Alandi is about 18 km, of which 10 km are Bitumen Topped (BT) roads
and about 2 km are Concrete roads. About 4 km of roads are Water Bound Macadam
(WBM) roads and another 2 km of roads are Kutcha roads. T he narrow bylanes in the
Gaothan area and two streets from the Charholi road have been concretised. The road from
Vadgaon Chowk to Padmavati and its bylanes are WBM roads.
Table 7.2 : Existing Road Network

Cate gory of Roads Le ngth, km Distribution %
Surfaced Roads
Bitumen T opped 10 55.56
Concrete 2 11.11
Un- surfaced Roads
WBM 4 22.22
Earthen/Kutcha 2 11.11
Total Le ngth 18 100
Source: Alandi Municipality Annual Report 2002-03
Following roads in the Alandi town are maintained by PWD and the Zilla Parishad. Rest of
the roads are maintained by the AMC.
Table 7.3 : Roads Maintained by PWD and Zilla Parishad

Sl Road Type Approx. Length
No. (km)
Roads maintained by PWD
1 Pune road (from Municipal boundary to start of both BT 1.25
the bridges)
2 Dehu Road BT 0.55
3 Markal Road BT 0.4
4 Charholi Road (Cosmos Bank to Municipal boundary) WBM + BT 0.5
5 Vadgaon Road (Vadgaon Chowk to Municipal BT 0.5
boundary)
Sub-total PWD roads 3.2
Roads maintained by Zilla Parishad
1 Kelgaon Road BT 0.4
2 Chakan Road (Chakan chowk to Municipal boundary) BT 0.5
Sub-total ZP roads 0.9
Total 4.1
Source : Alandi Municipal Council

Within the municipal limits, the width of the roads range between 3-18 m (10 to 60 ft).
However, roads within the Gaothan area of the town, in particular within the ambit of the
Pradakshina Marg, are narrow bylanes and have a width ranging from 3 to 8 m (10 to 25 ft).
T he road surface is either concrete or bituminous in nature.
Of the total 18 km of roads in Alandi, about 77 percent are maintained by the AMC, about
18 percent by the PWD, and the remaining 5 percent are maintained by the ZP. Cement
concrete roads constitute only 11 percent of the roads. Most of the roads are black topped /
tar and constitute about 55 percent of the existing roads. Density of roads in the town is 2.63
km/sq. km. T he per-capita road length is 1.02 m, which is less than the standard of 1.75 m.
T he important traffic junctions in Alandi town are;
Table 7.4 : Important Traffic Junctions in Alandi

Sl No. Name No. of Roads
1 Junction in front of Municipality office (Nagar Parishad 3
Chowk)
2 Markal Chowk 2
3 Rath 3
4 Vadgaon Chowk 3
5 Chakan Chowk 4
6 Y Junction (New MSRT C Bus Stand) on Pune road 3
bifurcating entry from old and new bridge
7 Dehu Road 2
Of the above, the junctions at Nagar Parishad Chowk, Rath, Vadgaon Chowk and Chakan
Chowk are prone to frequent traffic jams due to movement of heavy traffic, built up area,
commercial activities, encroachments and haphazard parking.
7.2 PUBLIC TRANSPORT

T he Maharashtra State Road T ransport Corporation (MSRT C) operates only three bus
services to & from Alandi every day. However, good bus and rail connectivity is available
from Pune, which is well connected by city bus services to Alandi.
T he Pune Municipal T ransport (PMT ) and Pimpari-Chinchwad Municipal T ransport
(PCMT ) run local bus services for Alandi from Pune and Pimpari - Chinchwad, respectively.
Open parking for 5 –6 buses and waiting shelters for the passengers are provided at Chakan
chowk and near the old bridge near the Municipality office for the PMT and PCMT buses,
respectively. By virtue of the location of their bus stations the PCMT buses do not enter the
core area of the town, whereas the PMT buses take Pradakshina Marg to enter/exit the town.
T he MSRT C bus station is located along the Pune Road before the new bridge on the
Indrayani River. T he old bus station of MSRT C was located in an area of about 900 sq. m
near the municipality office.
7.4 PARKING FACILITIES

Vehicle parking is a major area of concern in Alandi. At present there is only one parking lot
owned by the Alandi Municipality located near the Chakan Chowk. T he area of the parking
lot is about 3300 sq.m. It is an open ground which is also used for vehicle parking, and
temporary vegetable shops and small restaurants along its boundary.
T he PCMT buses are parked at the PCMT bus stand located near the old river bridge. This
bus stand has an approximate area of 1200 sq.m and a capacity to park 5 to 6 buses at a time.

However, the bus stand is located on the designated road to the existing crematorium along
the river bank. T he PMT buses are parked at the PMT bus stand at the Chakan Chowk. It has
an approximate area of 700 sq.m About 3 to 4 buses can be parked here.
In addition to the above, the open area in front of the Shri Dnyaneshwar Maharaj Samadhi
T emple is also used for vehicle parking. It has an area of 150 to 180 sq.m (1600 to 2000 sq.
ft) approximately. Vehicles and auto rikshaws are also seen parked near the PCMT bus
stand, Chakan chowk, Vadgaon chowk and also along the road sides.
At the time of the Ashadhi and Kartiki Ekadashi days, vehicles are not permitted within a
radius of 3 km of the Dnyaneshwar Maharaj T emples. However, on normal days vehicles are
permitted upto the temple entrance and can be seen parked in the small open area in front of
the temple.
T ypical data on vehicles parked at the existing parking lot of the AMC near Chakan Chowk
is given below. T his data shows that more vehicles are parked on T hursday, Saturday and
Sunday.
Table 7.5 : Details of Vehicle Parking at AMC Parking at Chakan Chowk in April 2005
Date Day 2-Whe e le r 4-Whe e le r He avy Ve hicle s (Buses,
(Cars, Je e ps etc) Mini Vans e tc)
01-04-2005 Friday 98 76 10
02-04-2005 Saturday 60 81 9
03-04-2005 Sunday 210 102 11
04-04-2005 Monday 42 86 5
05-04-2005 Tuesday 355 148 4
06-04-2005 Wednesday 78 59 2
07-04-2005 Thursday 123 88 5
08-04-2005 Friday 47 46 2
09-04-2005 Saturday 143 116 1
10-04-2005 Sunday 165 115 5
11-04-2005 Monday 60 65 5
12-04-2005 T uesday 72 77 0
13-04-2005 Wednesday 125 94 8
14-04-2005 Thursday 193 96 5
15-04-2005 Friday 57 93 3
16-04-2005 Saturday 44 120 17
17-04-2005 Sunday 159 160 14
18-04-2005 Monday 73 107 2
19-04-2005 T uesday 49 158 17
20-04-2005 Wednesday 170 157 10
21-04-2005 Thursday 134 158 7
22-04-2005 Friday 117 199 16
23-04-2005 Saturday 112 207 10
24-04-2005 Sunday 177 301 15
25-04-2005 Monday 70 171 8
26-04-2005 Tue sday 111 157 6
27-04-2005 Wednesday 70 77 11
28-04-2005 Thursday 156 94 14
29-04-2005 Friday 167 79 9
30-04-2005 Saturday 191 111 20
Maximum 42 46 0
Minimum 355 301 20
Average 121 120 8
Source : Operator, AMC P arking

7.5 STREET LIGHTING

Provision and maintenance of streetlights is an obligatory function of Alandi Municipality.
T here are 968 streetlights in the city, spaced at an average distance of 18.5m. Conventional
fluorescent tube lights account for 85% of the total lights, and the Mercury and Sodium
Vapour Lamps accounts for 15% of the total number of streetlights. High mast lighting and
High-powered fixtures are absent in the town.
Table 7.6 : Street Lights

Luminary Type Units
Nos
Halogen Lamps -
Mercury and Sodium Vapour Lamps 143
T ube Lights 825
Others -
Total 968
T otal road length, km 18
Spacing of street lights, m 18.5
Desired spacing
Source: Alandi Municipality Annual Report 2002-03

7.6 SERVICE INADEQUACY AND KEY ISSUES

T raffic management in Alandi are mainly governed by the flow and movement of pilgrims in
the town. However, there are essential issues associated with the town development and in
particular, the circulation pattern and road networks. T he broad issues comprise poor surface
condition of roads, inadequate width, and poor maintenance of roads, footpath and drains,
and improper parking facilities. T he road surface condition exhibits distress such as cracks,
potholes, and undulations.
T he issues of traffic and transportation comprise the available road network and its
adequacy, condition of the road surface, availability of footpaths, road width and traffic
congestion, local transport system, maintenance of the roads etc.
T he key issues and conclusions based on field visits and data analysis are presented below.
Table 7.7 : Essential Road Network Indicators

Indicator Curre nt Situation
Road Density 2.63 km/sq. km
Per capita Road Length (Municipal Roads) 1.02
Percent of surfaced roads (BT and concrete roads) to 66.67
total road length
Percent of un-surfaced (WBM and kutcha) roads 33.33
Source: Analysis.
(i) High de nsity and conge ste d lane s - Central areas of the town, namely AMC office to
Vadgaon Chowk, are narrow, of awkward shape, and surrounded by heavily built-up areas.
T hese roads also carry large volumes of traffic. T hese factors make the area susceptible to
formation of bottlenecks, traffic jams, accidents, air and noise pollution and delayed travel
times.
(ii) Informal activitie s along roadside - T he margins of roads are encroached upon in
several sections of the roads within the Gaothan area by small street vendors, illegal parking
and other informal activities. With no margins left on the roads, the effective carriageway of
the road is reduced drastically leading to congestion.
(iii) Abse nce of stre e t furniture /signage - T he roads lack signals, signage, and footpaths.
(iv) Inade quate surface d roads - Only 67 percent of municipal roads are surfaced. T he
road surface condition for most of the roads is very bad due to removal of the bitumen from
the surface, resulting in wear and tear of vehicle tyres, slow traffic movement and dust
pollution. It is imperative to undertake road improvements on a priority.
(v) Inade quate parking facilitie s –

Lack of authorized on-street or off-street parking lots in the town. Only one designated
parking area in the town.
Reduced road capacity due to parking of number of autos and jeeps.
Parking of PMT buses and alighting & boarding of passengers along the Pradakshina
Marg.
Parking of 2-wheelers, cars, jeeps and tempos in the bylanes near the temple and infront
of temple.
Parking at junctions and roundabouts. Haphazard parking on roads, bylanes causes
reduction in effective road width and creates traffic hazards.

(vi) Thorough traffic of he avy comme rcial ve hicle s - T he Pune-Chakan and Pune-Markal
MDRs pass through the centre of the town. T he vehicles carrying heavy machinery and
industrial goods for the industries in the Chakan and Markal MIDC areas, ply on these roads.
T hese roads are narrow and there are many acute angles to it. T his can result in creating
accident spots and traffic jam. T he bypass road proposed in the 1988-98 DP has not been
constructed yet.
(vii) Junction improve me nt – Major junctions in the town namely Dehu road junction, Y
Junction (New MSRT C Bus Stand) on Pune road, Chakan chowk, Nagar Parishad chowk,
Vadgaon chowk and Chakan chowk, lack traffic management facilities such as signage,
traffic island, dividers, high mast lights etc. causing blockage to regular traffic, air and noise
pollution, grimy aesthetics. T hese junctions can also be improved with some beautification
measures such as fountains, green islands etc.
(viii) Inade quate stre e t lighting - T he new residential development is not sufficiently
covered by streetlights. Poor lighting quality of road junctions. Inadequate lighting on the
river banks. T here is only one person in the AMC responsible for maintenance of the street
lights.

Photographs

7.7 PROJECT IDENTIFICATION AND COSTING

Improvement of road network provides a conspicuous improvement in the urban fabric and
act as major catalyst in stimulating the development of the region. T he following proposals
are based on road surface conditions, deficiency in the road network, connectivity
evaluation, parking and pedestrian requirements, and are based on discussions with the AMC
staff and site inspections. T he locations of the proposed improvement areas are shown in
Figure 7.2.
7.7.1 Road Improvements
T he strategic objectives of road network improvements are (a) T o improve the connectivity
and accessibility within the town, (b) T o improve the efficiency of road space, and (c) T o
reduce delays at the junctions and remove bottlenecks if any.
T he recommendations include:
i. Rehabilitation of existing roads, involving resurfacing of roads and in some cases,

reconstruction; and undertaking periodic maintenance of the same.
ii. Upgrading of existing roads, by widening some main roads (to possible extent) and
black-topping important kutcha / earthen roads
iii. Conversion of internal roads to pedestrian roads only.

Table 7.8 : Improvement of Major Roads

Sl Road Propose d Improve me nts Le ngth Cost (Rs. Priority
No. (km) Lakh)
1 Mahadwar Concreting (blocks) of Mahadwar 0.25 8.0 High
road and all road and surrounding internal roads
internal roads upto Samadhi temple. Removal of
around the obstacles.
Samadhi (Steel barricades to be provided at the
T emple entrance of the Mahadwar road from
the Nagar Parishad chowk to prohibit
entry of vehicles )
2 Stretch from Strengthening & widening of the 0.35 16.0 High
Vadgaon road.
chowk to Construction of 1.5 m wide footpath
Chakan on one of the road.
chowk Construction of concrete drains for
rainwater along the route.
No entry for heavy vehicles on from
Vadgaon chowk to Chakan chowk.
3 Old bridge to Strengthening & Widening of road. 0.35 7.0 High
Markal Shifting vegetable shops to old
chowk MSRT C bus stand area.
Widening of Nagar Parishad (AMC)
office junction.
Plantation of trees from old bridge to
Nagar Parishad junction.
4 Pune road Resurfacing (black topping) of Dehu 1.5 21.0 High
from AMC Road upto municipal boundary.
limit upto old
and new
bridge and
Dehu road
5 Padmavati Black topping of Padmavati Road 0.35 7.0 Medium
Road (carriageway) upto municipal
boundary.
6 Chakan Strengthening and black topping of 0.3 5.0 Medium
chowk to existing kutcha road upto water
Water treatment plant.
treatment
plant
7 Charholi road Strengthening & Widening of 0.35 7.0 Medium
Charholi road.
Black topping of Charholi Road upto
municipal boundary.
8 Sopan Bridge Access roads from New & Old bridge 0.5 2.0 High
and resurfacing of Sopan Bridge with
steel guard railings
9 Old Bridge Widening of bridge by providing steel 0.2 2.0 High
girders on either sides for pedestrians
and cyclists, with guard rails
Total 75.0
Source: Analysis

7.7.2 Construction of Bypass Road to avoid Heavy Vehicle Traffic through the
Town.
T he field survey showed that majority of the commercial traffic plying on Pune-Chakan and
Pune-Markal road, which is not destined to Alandi, also passes through the town causing
traffic and pollution problems.
T o avoid this, a bypass road along the municipal boundary of Alandi was proposed in the
1988-98 DP of Alandi. T his bypass road was expected to reroute the present thorough traffic
of heavy vehicles through the town, around the periphery of the town, which would relieve
the town of its current menace. However, the bypass road has not been constructed yet. As a
result all the heavy vehicle traffic still continues to pass through the centre of the town.
Hence, it is recommended that the construction of the Bypass road as per the alignment
shown in the DP should be taken-up at the earliest and shall be maintained properly to
encourage its usage by commercial traffic.
Cost e stimate
T he following specifications are considered for estimating the cost of the proposed bypass
road.
Carriageway – 7m
Hard shoulder – 1.5 m both sides
T otal length – 2 km.
It is suggested that the right of way for this road may be fixed at 15.2 m instead of the 12.2
m suggested in the 1988-98 DP for future widening. T he construction cost of the entire 2 km
long bypass road from Dehu road junction to Chakan road is estimated to be Rs. 80 Lakh.
Future De ve lopme nt – Me dium Priority

It is also recommended that the Bypass road alignment may be changed in future as below.
T he proposed bypass road can start from the Dehu road junction and will pass through
survey no. 927, 928 and 930. T his road will join the alignment at the junction near the
proposed site of the crematorium. A new bridge is required to be constructed over the
Indrayani river in this stretch.
O the r Re comme ndations
T he other recommendations include:
i. Formulation of a road development and maintenance plan with prioritization of roads.

ii. Rehabilitation of hawkers and vendors who have encroached the Mahadwar road,
Pradakshina road and other roads in the town.
iii. Conversion of Mahadwar road (from Nagar Parishad chowk to Samadhi temple) and
from Samadhi chowk to existing post office to pedestrian.
iv. Shifting of the vegetable market on the Cosmos Bank- Markal chowk road to the site of
the old MSRT C bus stand opposite AMC office.
v. Extension of the existing road system proposed in the Development Plan (DP), to
improve linkages to town expansion areas;
vi. Notwithstanding any option listed above, strengthening and upgrading of existing roads
shall be taken up as a priority due to dilapidated road condition.

7.7.3 Junction Improvements
T he following major intersections in the town are recommended for improvements for better
traffic management and beautification of the town. Proposed improvements at each of the
junction are described below.
T he summary of the same is presented in Table 7.9.
Table 7.9 : Cost of Junction Improvements in Alandi

Sl No. Name of the Junction Propose d Improve me nts Cost (Rs.
Lakh)
1 Vadgaon chowk T raffic island, signages, green belt
alongside Bhairoba temple and the
Holy wall, high mast lamp 3.0
2 Chakan chowk T raffic island, widening of the square
by partial acquisition of the PMT bus
stand area, signages, green belt, high
mast lamp 3.0
3 Y Junction (New MSRTC Welcome arch, signages, T ourist map
Bus Stand) on Pune road of Alandi, green belt, high mast lamp 3.5
4. All the above Landscaping 0.5
Total 10.0
Source: Analysis

7.7.4 Pedestrian Facilities

Pedestrians movement is the most important component of the traffic in Alandi. T he
movement of pilgrims in groups, “ Dindi”s and “ Palakhi”s, form the major pedestrian traffic.
During normal period, about Based on the pedestrian demand assessment during normal and
festival (Ekadashi) periods, following recommendations are formulated with an objective to
make walking easier on the streets of Alandi.
(i) T o provide for adequate pedestrian infrastructure such as footpath.

(ii) T o improve pedestrian safety by providing facilities such as pedestrian guardrails at
major intersections.
Project 1 - Provision of 1.5m wide footpath on the following sections

Road Se ction Le ngth Estimate d Cost
Rs. Lakh
1. From old bridge - Nagar Parishad chowk – Markal 0.9 km 4.0
chowk – Vadgaon chowk. Footpath from Vadgaon
chowk to Chakan chowk considered in improvement
of roads in T able 8.
2. Pune road (from Dehu road junction upto Chakan 0.75 km 3.5
chowk.)
3. Y Junction (New MSRT C Bus Stand) on Pune road 0.4 km 2.0
upto old bridge
Total 9.5
Proje ct 2 - Conve rting Mahadwar road to pe de strian road only - No entry to vehicles to
Mahadwar road from Nagar Parishad chowk side, providing steel barricades at
the entrance at Nagar Parishad chowk.. T he residents can use the road at the
police station junction to enter the internal area. T he cost of providing steel
barricades is estimated to be Rs. T wenty T housand only.
Proje ct 3 - Conve rting road from Goroba Kaka Mandir on Pradakshina Marg to
Samadhi temple as pedestrian road only - No entry to vehicles from the Goroba
Kaka Mandir by providing steel barricades at the entrance at the Pradakshina
Marg junction. T he cost of providing steel barricades is estimated to be Rs
T wenty T housand only.
Proje ct 4 - Providing pe de strian guardrails at the following locations to e nhance

safe ty.
Road Se ction Estimate d Cost, Rs.
Lakh
i. Foot bridge over Indrayani river (Sopan Bridge) 3.3
ii. Nagar Parishad chowk 1.65
iii. Vadgaon chowk to Chakan chowk 1.1
iv. From New bridge to Chakan chowk 1.1
Total 7.15

7.7.5 Parking Facilities.

T he key objectives are;
i. T o prevent unauthorised parking of private vehicles, trucks and auto rickshaws on streets
and
ii. T o plan and provide for on-street and off-street parking facilities.
Based on the parking demand and availability of space at respective locations the parking
supply is categorised in to on-street and off-street parking. T he following projects are
formulated to cater to the parking demand in the town. T hey are,
i. Shifting of PMT bus stand – T he present bus stand of PMT at Chakan chowk may
be shifted to the PCMT bus stand near old bridge to control entry of buses into the
Pilgrim Zone. However, in order to facilitate boarding of bus by the users on the
Chakan chowk side, certain services of PMT and PCMT may be routed through the
Chakan chowk-Vadgaon chowk route.
Alternatively, the PMT Chakan bus stop may be shifted further down on the Chakan
road and the buses may take a ring route i.e. New bridge – Chakan chowk – Vadgaon
chowk – Markal – AMC – Old bridge or the other way round.
ii. De ve lopme nt of inte grate d MSRTC, PMT & PCMT bus te rminus - The above
arrangement is proposed keeping in view the present concentration of all religious,
commercial and institutional activities in the Gaothan area and hence the need of the
access till this area. However, in the long term, the non-conforming activities to
Pilrgim zone, such as commercial and institutional activities, are proposed to be
shifted on the right side of the river (Haveli T aluk). Consequently, the newMSRTC
bus stand can be developed into an integrated bus terminus for MSRT C, PMT and
PCMT services.
iii. Provision of off-stre e t pay & park facilitie s – T he existing pay & park facility of
the Alandi Municipality at Chakan chowk (area 3300 sq. m) can be improved as
suggested separately in this section. Also, an additional pay & park facility of about
3000 sq. m may be created on the area behind the AMC office. Additional land may
be acquired along the river bank for the parking purpose. Henceforth roadside parking
of vehicles in these areas should be completely prohibited.
iv. Provision of on-stre e t parking facilitie s - On-street parking facilities may be

provided along the Pune road, Chakan chowk-Vadgaon chowk stretch of Pradakshina
Marg, Cosmos Bank and Vadgaon chowk by properly earmarking space along one
side of the roads. However, parking along the Bypass road should not be permitted.
v. Provision of auto and je e p stands – Parking spaces for auto rikshawand jeeps may
be provided near the PCMT bus stand, Chakan chowk, Vadgaon chowk and Y
Junction near new bus stand of MSRT C.
vi. LPG/CNG base d auto rickshaw – Only LPG/CNG fuel based auto rikshaws should
be permitted in future, with the availability of the said fuel. Similarly, after the
development of the new integrated bus terminus, feeder services by LPG/CNG based
vehicles can be provided to the town.
vii. Base me nt parking for 2 whe e le rs at the propose d ve ge table market at old bus
stand – T he 1988-98 DP proposes construction of a vegetable market at the land of
the Old MSRT C bus stand near the AMC office. T he vegetable market should be
constructed such that additional space for 2-wheeler parking is created at the location.

However, this cost will be part of the construction of the vegetable market.
T he estimated block cost for implementation of the parking is summarised below.
Table 7.10 : Cost of Providing Parking Facilities

De scription Cost
Rs.lakh
1. On Street Parking facilities along the Pune road, Chakan chowk-Vadgaon 0.20
chowk stretch of Pradakshina marg, Cosmos Bank and Vadgaon chowk
2. Improvement of existing parking facility of AMC at Chakan chowk 15.5
3. New parking facility behind AMC office 15.5
4. Integrated bus terminus at New MSRT C bus stand 60.0
5. Earmarking area for auto and jeep stand at PCMT bus stand, Chakan
chowk, Vadgaon chowk and Y Junction (New MSRT C Bus Stand) near
new bus stand of MSRT C. 0.20
Total 91.4
Source: Analysis.

7.7.6 Street Lighting

T he present illumination along the roads in the Pilgrim zone is adequate. However, the street
lights are mainly in the form of tube lights (85%). T he road stretch from old bridge to new
bridge via Nagar Parishad chowk, Cosmos bank chowk, Markal chowk, Vadgaon chowk,
and Chakan chowk is recommended for illumination by sodium vapour lamps due to the
heavy vehicular pedestrian movement. Similarly, high mast lamps with 4 sodium vapour
lamps are proposed at the major junctions, existing and proposed parking areas, and on the
section between the old and new bridge on both the banks of the river.
Table 7.11 : Cost Estimates for the Proposed Streetlights

De scription Re quire me nt Unit Cost Cost
Nos. Rs. Lakh Rs. Lakh

Single arm pole with Sodium Vapour 40 0.17 6.8
Lamps along the stretch from old
bridge to new bridge via Pradakshina
marg at 30 m spacing
High Mast Lamps with 4 sodium 4 2.5 2.5
vapour lamps each at Y Junction (New (3 locations
MSRT C Bus Stand), Nagar Parishad included in
chowk, Vadgaon chowk and Chakan costing of junction
chowk improvement)
High Mast Lamps with 4 sodium 2 2.5 (Both locations
vapour lamps each at existing parking included in of
at Chakan chowk, PCMT parking. parking parking
improvement)
High mast lamps on river banks 8 0.17 1.36
between old and new bridge at 50 m
spacing for a length of 350 m.
Total 10.66
7.7.7 Road Safety Improvements.

In Alandi, pedestrians and cyclists constitute a significant share in the road users and
commercial traffic is also high. It is therefore imperative that the issue of traffic safety needs
to be adequately addressed.
T he key objectives are

T o prevent the growth of road accidents in the town and
T o enforce the traffic safety norms and make commuting in town more safe and healthy.
T he recommendations are:
a. Physically segregating the slow moving and fast moving traffic
b. Provision of adequate pedestrian sidewalks and guardrails wherever necessitated
c. Avoiding entry of commercial vehicles destined other than Alandi by providing a Bypass
road.
d. Strictly enforcing the traffic rules by providing adequate manpower to T raffic Police.
e. Provision of adequate signages wherever necessary.

Table 7.12 : Summary of Road and Traffic Improvement Project Costs in Alandi
Improve me nt Sche me s Amount
Rs. Lakh
1. Road Improvements 75.00
2. Construction of Bypass Road 80.00
3. Junction Improvements 10.00
4. Pedestrian Facilities 17.05
5. Parking Facilities 91.40
6. Street Lighting 10.66
7. Road Safety Improvements 0.50
A. Sub-total 284.61
B. Contingencies (5% of A) 14.23
C. Supervision & quality control (2% of A) 5.70
D. DPR cost (2% of A) 5.70
Total 308.24
Say 310.00

Table 7.13: Criteria for Selection of Roads and Junctions for Improvement
Sl No Road De tails Crite ria for Se le ction
Roads within Pilgrim z one
1 Mahadwar Road Nearest entry road to temple from PCMT bus stand,
connecting to municipality office (Nagar Parishad
chowk), market area, and the main artery (Pune-Markal
road). Significant pedestrian movement of pilgrims.
2 Vadgaon chowk to Chakan Major road with many Dharmashala (Guest Houses),
chowk important religious places/temples and commercial
areas along. Significant pedestrian movement of
pilgrims.
3 Old bridge to Markal chowk An arterial road for entry to the town and thorough
traffic of heavy vehicles to Markal industrial area.
Roads in the Alandi Town
4 Padmavati Road A sub arterial road connecting residential areas and
major road (Vadgaon road).
5 Chakan chowk to Water A sub arterial road connecting the residential area and
treatment plant major public utility facility to major junction.
6 Charholi road An arterial road connecting to the neighbouring village.
7 Dehu road An arterial road connecting to the neighbouring major
religious place and also route for heavy commercial
vehicles to Pimpari –Chinchwad Municipal
Corporation.
8 Pune Chakan road over new An arterial road, main entry to Alandi from Pune via
bridge NH-50. Pedestrian movement of pilgrims.
Bypass Road
9 Proposed Bypass Road New formation road, to cater the needs of the
commercial traffic and reducing the congestion in the
town limits
Junctions in Pilgrim Zone
1 Nagar Parishad chowk Busy junction of two important roads namely
Mahadwar road and the Pune-Markal road, at town
municipal office with roads leading to the main temple
and the road with heavy vehicle traffic to Markal
industrial area.
2 Vadgaon chowk Major junction in the centre of the town with roads
leading to temple and town centre as well as those out
of the town. Busy commercial and residential area.
3 Chakan chowk Major junction in the centre of the town with a city bus
station and roads leading to temple and town centre as
well as those out of the town. Busy commercial area.
Junctions in Alandi Town
4 Y Junction (New MSRT C Bus Wide junction bifurcating the entry to the town via old
Stand) at bifurcation of Pune and new bridge over the Indrayani river.
road to new and old bridge
5 Dehu road junction Important junction for traffic moving to Dehu and
Pimpari Chinchwad city/industrial area.

8.0 ECO- PILGRIMAGE DEVELOPMENT

8.1 NEED FOR DEVELOPING ECO - PILGRIMAGE
Alandi is a famous pilgrim town in Maharashtra near Pune. T he town is known for the
Samadhi of Saint Dyaneshwar a saint revered all through Maharashtra. T he place attracts
lakhs of people every year. At present major chunk of the people visiting Alandi are from the
rural areas falling in the low to middle income category. On the occasion of the two annual
festivals of Ashadhi Ekadashi and Kartiki Ekadashi large number of pilgrims congregate in
the town. T hese festivals are a unique showcase of the socio cultural tradition of Maharashtra.
It is an event that has been taking place for the last 700 years started by the people of the
“ Warkari Sampradaya”. T he tenets of this sect preach universal peace, equality &
brotherhood. It’s a living tradition of a movement started 700 years ago by saints belonging to
different castes and communities that believes in resolving the differences between caste,
creed, rich, poor and attain peace and moksha through ‘Bhakti’ (devotion). The centre of this
devotion is Lord Vithala of Pandharpur. Due to the Bhakti Movement started by the saints,
Maharashtra is rightfully called “ Sant Bhoomi” (Land of saints). T he saints have preached
their teachings in the form of porms knows as “ Abhangs”. T hese are treasure trove for those
interested in spiritualism and literature. But very little information is known to people outside
Maharashtra about these saints and their teachings which are apt even in today’s times. Even
the urban youth and younger generation from Maharashtra are not aware of this rich legacy. It
is important to preserve and promote this tradition and one way of doing it is by developing
the places associated with the saints as eco-pilgrim destinations. Most of these places are rural
areas or small towns, promoting pilgrim activities will also help boost the local economy of
these places. T he towns and villages are located in and around Alandi and Pandharpur and
hence a pilgrim circuit can be developed on the theme of ‘Land of Saints’. T he important
aspects to be covered in the tourism development plan are described briefly in the following
sections. T here are two aspects to it,
• Developing Alandi as eco-pilgrimage destination

• Developing eco-pilgrimage circuit around Alandi on the theme of “ Land of Saints”.
8.2 TOURISM ASSET INVENTORY

T he tourism assets for any destination can be broadly grouped into two categories Natural
attractions – these include scenic features such as mountains, forests, waterbodies, sea face etc
and cultural attractions- these include indigenous tribal culture, temples, museums, forts
palaces etc. In order to promote religious tourism the focus is mainly on the cultural assets. In
case of Alandi and near by areas the assets can be listed as below
Table 8.1: Religious Tourism Attractions in Maharashtra

Sr. No. Place Re ligious Tourism Attractions
1 Alandi T emple of Dyaneshwar Maharaj, Indrayani River
2 Dehu T emple of T ukaram Maharaj, Indrayani River
3 Pandharpur T emple of Lord Vithoba, Chandrabhaga River
4 Mangal Vedha Birth Place of Saint Chokha mela
5 Paithan Place associated with Saint Eknath
6 Nevasa (Nagar) Samadhi of Nivruttinath (Dyaneshwar’s brother)
7 Hingoli Birth place of Saint Namdev
8 T er (Osmanabad) Birth place of Saint Gora Kumbhar

T he above list is indicative and detailed survey will have to be carried out to make a
comprehensive list. While place like Pandharpur, Alandi, Dehu are well known those such as
Mangalvedha, Hingoli are not known and their significance has not been highlighted. T he
history and significance of the place – historical, religious, architectural, spiritual etc will
have to be documented and made available to the tourists. T hese would include the places like
Samadhi’s of the saints, their ancestral houses, temples, places where they frequently visited
and natural aesthetic features such as rivers, lakes etc if any.
8.3 TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE ASSESSMENT

T he development of any place for tourism is based on the 4 A principle. T hese 4 A’s are
Attraction, Access, Accommodation and Amenities. T he tourism attractions have already
been discussed in the above section and these are the places associated with the Saints of
Maharashtra and other pilgrim places. T he next step would be to assess the infrastructure
level with priority to the other 3 A’s. While planning for the same the background of the
people targeted should be kept in mind. At present the most of the people visiting these places
are from rural areas and come from a lower to middle income group. People from the higher
income group are very few. Some dip stick surveys on the inflow and pattern of pilgrims will
be needed to consolidate the number’s and pattern.
Access: T he linkage of the place with respect to road, rail and air connection will have to be
studied. Availability of public transport road conditions, frequency of public transport, local
transport to move around the place, hiring of vehicles, parking areas etc will have to be
considered.
Accommodation: T he level accommodation facilities available in these towns, their number

cleanliness, service etc needs to be assessed. While planning and providing accommodation
for the higher income group the focus should be n provide clean and hygienic places rather
than luxurious places. T he feasibility of converting old “ wadas” into guest houses could be
explored. T his will help in conserving the traditional/ vernacular architecture which in itself
is a tourist attraction. It has also to be kept in mind the accommodation is available and
affordable for all sections of the society.
Amenities: T he tourist amenities include communication facilities such as national and

international trunk calling systems, internet kiosks, emergency health care services,
authorized guides, information centres, wayside eating places and public conveniences, tourist
map of the place, etc. In keeping with the spiritual and religious theme of the circuit these
could also include meditation centres, yoga training centres, naturopathy clinics, etc. T he
feasibility of providing such amenities at some of the places along the circuit should be
studied.
Alandi Town
Access: Alandi town is well connected by road to Pune City and Pimpri Chinchwad. There is
no direct rail connection to Alandi however Pune, which is 25 km from Alandi, has good rail
connections to all parts of Maharshtra and India. T he nearest airport is also at Pune.
Accommodation: At present the Alandi has about 10 hotels and 350 Dharmashalas. T hese
cater to the needs of the lower income group. T here are very few clean and hygienic hotels in
Alandi. Pilgrims have to depend on accommodation in Pune for their needs. T his reduces
their stay and in turn Alandi loses on the economic returns.
Amenities: Alandi has basic health and medical facilities but it cannot handle critical
emergency cases. Most people come to Alandi in the morning and leave by evening. Other

than the temple, there are no attractions for pilgrims/ tourists to increase the duration of their
stay. Alandi also lacks effective information for tourists such as maps, signs and signage,
history and legends of the temple, informed guides etc.
8.4 ASSET DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT

T he tourism assets are the attractions, which in this case would include temples, Samadhi’s
etc in most cases temples are managed by trusts. However in small towns and villages they do
not have the requisite funds and technical know how to manage these assets. A mechanism
has to be developed by which some portion of the revenue generated from the tourism is
ploughed back to the respective places for their maintenance and upkeep. T he State of Kerala
has a separate Government Department called the “ Devasom” the department gets a part of
the revenue generated from all the big temples such as Guravayoor, Sabarimalai as well as
other lesser known temples across the state. T he department then gives money to the needy
temples in remote villages for their maintenance and upkeep.
T he local community can also play a vital role in the upkeep of the sites. A portion of revenue
generated from the village guesthouses, fees charged by guides etc can be used for the
development of the place.
8.5 GUIDELINES FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
T he development of tourism can have negative impacts if it is uncontrolled and unmanaged.

T he impacts are detrimental to the natural and socio-cultural environment of the host area. In
this particular case the cultural environment and social fabric is more at threat than the natural
environment. However depending on the place and presence of natural feature such as forests,
rivers, mountains etc it would assume equal significance. Hence these places will have to be
developed on the principles of ecotourism. T he two important aspects of eco-tourism are
• Minimum adverse impacts to the social and natural environment and

• Direct benefit to the local (host) community
T he above two objectives are achieved by targeting the high paying tourists but restricting
their inflow (number). However it may not be possible to do in each and every case. T he
strategy to be adopted for promoting eco - pilgrimage in Maharashtra will depend on the
socio-cultural assessment of the host community and the environmental sensitivity of the area.
T he International Eco tourism Society has laid guidelines for developing sustainable tourism
along with a code of conduct for the tourists as well as the community and other stakeholders
such as hotel owners, tourist guides and tour operators. It is essential to identify the
stakeholders and sensitize them about the concept of sustainable tourism. Some of the
guidelines are given below.
Guidelines for Project Implementing/ Initiating Agencies (PIA)
• Educate local stakeholders to create awareness of the social, economic, and

environmental costs and benefits to come from this project and brief them on principles
of sustainable tourism
• Employ local people throughout all levels of the project
• Support local businesses through direct business transactions and a fund to encourage
use and development of sustainable energy systems (e.g., solar light panels)

• Maintain availability of natural resources to locals;

• Capacity-building of local communities to facilitate their active participation at all levels
of the process
• Ensure the development and enforcement of legislation/measures against any illegal,
abusive, or exploitative tourist activity
• Support cultural and environmental programs of community groups and organizations;
• Promote information exchange on transportation, accommodation, public awareness
raising programs and education, and ways to minimize negative effects of tourism, with
other groups practicing ecotourism;
• Use plenty of signs to educate visitors about the problems of traveling off paths, and
taking home souvenirs from the area.
• Ensure accuracy of information disseminated to tourists - ensure high quality interpretive
skills;
• Deliver information about tourists to locals; and,
• Inform tourists about cultural and ecological values (give examples of how tourists can
help conserve energy, water, and assist with waste recycling).
• Social, Environmental and Economic impact assessments to be completed prior to
project initiation;
• "Design with nature" in collaboration with planning authorities by using low-impact
designs, materials, and technologies;
• Minimize infrastructure impacts to vegetation and animals. Develop a transportation
plan with minimum impact infrastructure planned (e.g., low compaction roads);
• Non-indigenous flora and fauna should never be introduced to the area;
• Utilize integrate land-use planning and coastal zone management techniques;
• Effectively take steps to decrease the volume of waste associated with travel and
tourism;
• Practice energy conservation in all areas (heating, air conditioning, lighting). Use solar
systems wherever possible;
• Practice water conservation and install water conserving fixtures;
• Encourage the use of public transportation and ride-sharing. Facilitate walking, jogging,
cycling, and alternative transportation methods;
• Seek out options for diversion of waste to other products (i.e., animal feed and compost);
• Improve access to researchers;
• Determine the type of tourist to be interested. Promote and develop strategies
accordingly
• Determine maximum numbers of visitors permitted within an area (carrying capacity);
• Offer tours and activities which are consistent with host community values, reinforce
community identity, and provide commensurate benefits to the host community;
• Distance itself publicly from illegal, abusive, or exploitative forms of tourism.
• Conduct energy and water audits;

• Monitoring of impact of tourism on the local culture and environment and make plans to
stop negative impacts and increase positive impacts;
• Conduct an ecosystem, social, and geologic inventory of the area affected before and
after the project begins - use the analysis of differences for future policy development
and make this information available to other ecotourism projects
• Use percent of returns to promote research on environment and social issues.
Guidelines for T ourists
• Where possible, purchase reusable, recycled, and unbleached paper products for guest
rooms, dining facilities, and office use;
• Purchase supplies in bulk to decrease packaging waste.
• Practice the Principle “ T ake only Photographs and leave no tracks” to the fullest. Pack
out everything that you bring in including plastic water bottles (or use purification
tablets or a filter).
• Encourage and support host community environmental and cultural initiatives and efforts
toward sustainable tourism.
• Learn about local history, customs and culture as well as vital ecosystems. Learn at least
the basics of the local language. A simple hello please or thank you goes a long way.
• Respect local traditions and etiquette: Wear clothing that is accepted by the local
culture. Be aware of People’s sensitivity to being photographed; always ask first.
Observe local customs.
• Avoid ostentatious display of wealth
T he above guidelines are generic in nature and specific guidelines will have to be developed
for the study area. Also the theme for development is important it could be on the principles
of “ Saints of Mahrashtra” where all places associated with the saints are developed in a tourist
circuit. In Maharashtra these would essentially comprise of the five districts of Pune, Solapur,
Satara, Ahmednagar and Aurangabad. All these districts have other established pilgrim &
tourism places such as Shirdi in Ahmednagar, Ajanata Elora in Aurangabad etc. T hese could
also be linked and packages could be developed accordingly.
8.6 COST ESTIMATE

Alandi Town
T he cost for developing amenities for eco-pilgrimmage in Alandi are covered under the other
projects such as Road Development (signs signage etc) and Riverfront Development (gardens,
toilets etc). T he cost of other items is mentioned below.

Table 8.2 : Cost for Eco Pilgrimage Development Projects

Sl. Ite m Approx.
No Cost in Rs.
Lakhs
1 Preparing a tourist map & information Brochure of Alandi 1.5
showing important places within the town, their distances,
history, legends, surrounding places, information on hotels, their
pricing etc.
2 Compiling information related to disaster management such as 0.5
availability of health facilities, risk prone areas of town
emergency Numbers etc.
3 T raining of various stakeholders such as tour operators, hotel 5.0
owners, tourist guides’ etc for promoting environment friendly
and socially acceptable tourism in Alandi
4 Preparing an environment & social code of conduct for pilgrims 1.0
and tourism stakeholders and displaying it prominent locations
5 Identification of heritage structures/ site based on their 5.0
architectural and socio-cultural importance for conservation and
restoration.
Total 13.0
Cost of developing meditation centers, nature cure centers etc will vary from project to
project. It would also need some market research studies for their viability. Hence this cost is
not included above.
Eco-pilgrim Circuit De ve lopme nt
T he first step towards the developing this project would be preparing a Religious T ourism
Master Plan for the five districts namely Pune, Solapur, Auangabad, Ahmednagar and Satara
along the identified theme of Saints of Maharashtra. T he Master plan would assess the pilgrim
attractions, heritage value, the level of tourist infrastructure, available human resources,
institutional mechanism and role of local community in implementing the project, marketing
strategy, investment and return plan and detailed estimates for taking up specific projects. The
approximate cost will be Rs. 25 lakhs.

9.0 OTHER PROJECTS

T he following table presents other miscellaneous projects identified by different agencies/departments
of the Government of Maharashtra and other stakeholders. T hese projects are still in the pipeline and
more details were not available. T he projects have included as they were found to be in line with the
objectives this study.
Table 9.1: Details of Projects Identified by Other Agencies

Sl Proje ct De scription Cost, Proposed Re marks
No. Rs. by
Crores
1 Road side plantation (5 km on both sides)
Alandi – Markal Road 0.27 Dept. of For the pilgrims (Varkari)
Alandi – Chakan – Road Social walking down to Alandi
Alandi – Chakan – Road Forestry, during the fairs.
Alandi – Moshi Road GoM
Alandi – Pune Road
Alandi – Vadgoan Road
2 Developing forest nursery, Plantation 0.20
around Police station and playground -
1700 sq. m area
3 Developing a medicinal plants and herbal 0.50 Rest areas or open spaces
garden
4 Decongestion and beautification of area 3.00 AMC
around the temple
5 Construction of a Meditation Centre, 1.00 T emple
Kirtan Mandap and a Community Hall for T rust
pilgrims
6 Setting up a new electric/diesel 0.18 T emple T he present cremation
crematorium at proposed crematorium T rust ground near the old bridge
site in DP 1988-98 and rehabilitation of has become a major solid
existing crematorium site waste dumping ground and is
not a welcome sight as an
important entry point to the
town.
T he Gas crematorium is
economic, conserves wood
and is pollution free
7 Construction of 8 seats public toilets at 0.15 AMC T o prevent open defecation
Indrayani Nagar slum – 1 block by slum dwellers on
Padmavati Road slum – 1 block riverbank and around the
Chakan Road slum – 1 block town.
Sathe Nagar slum – 1 block Improve hygienic condition
New MSRT C Bus Stand – 1 block in the town
8 Providing 5 seats Mobile T oilets – 10 0.20 T emple T o be procured phase wise
blocks T rust and made available to the
surrounding villages during
non-festival period
T otal 5.50

10. ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

T he potential benefits of implementation of the various environmental improvement projects
suggested in this report are listed below.
AMBIENT AIR
• Improvement in ambient air quality due to smooth movement of vehicles avoiding traffic
congestion, idling due to availability of wider roads with resurfacing of roads
• Reduction in vehicular pollution due to diversion of traffic via proposed Bypass road
• Improvement in air quality, less dust pollution due to development of greenbelt along
roads
• Reduction in air pollution due to decongestion of temple area and pilgrim zone
• Reduction in odour nuisance due to proper collection and disposal of municipal solid
waste and sewage
NO ISE
• Less noise pollution due to smooth movement of vehicles and green belt development
along roads
• Reduction in noise pollution due to decongestion of temple area and pilgrim zone
WATER RESO URCES
• Improvement in Indrayani river water quality due to diversion of untreated sewage and
sullage entering into the river.
• Improvement in Indrayani river water quality due to removal of abandoned structures,
dredging and removing stagnation of water
• Less surface and ground water pollution due to diversion of open sewage flow through a
proper sewerage system and treatment of sewage as well as safe disposal of solid waste.
• Improved hygienic conditions along river banks due to prevention of untreated sewage
flow entering the river, clearing the solid waste dumps
• Reduction in water borne diseases due to improvement in river water quality and
availability of adequate treated water from augmented WT P.
• Conservation of water due to availability of treated wastewater for greenbelt
development in the town
• Improvement in Indrayani river water quality due to shifting of existing crematorium and
solid waste disposal site
LAND
• Improvement in soil quality due to scientific disposal of municipal solid waste, and green belt
development

AESTHETICS
• Pleasing aesthetics in the town due to development of green belt, landscaping &
beautification of major junctions, appropriate street lighting, removal of solid waste
dumps, efficient collection and disposal of daily solid waste
• Better aesthetics along the riverfront due to improved water quality, soft landscaping and
greenbelt development, walkway and boating facilities, maintenance of cleanliness due
to additional collection waste facilities like Nirmalya Kalash.
PUBLIC HEALTH
• Improved hygienic conditions in the town due to efficient collection and disposal of
solid waste and domestic sewage, provision of public toilets in slums and mobile toilets
for pilgrims, and development of green and open spaces.
• Reduction in water borne diseases due to improvement in Indrayani river water quality
• Improvement in public health due to better air and noise quality
• Improved water quality and aesthetics along Indrayani river banks
• Better hygienic conditions at the eateries and food joints
IMPRO VEMENTS IN TO WN INFRASTRUCTURE AND O THER BENEFITS
• Wider and better quality roads

• Smooth traffic flow. No conflict of slow moving and fast moving vehicles
• Less traffic congestion
• Adequate and better parking facilities
• Improved pedestrian safety due to wider footpaths, guard rails, proper signages etc.
• Hazard free movement of pilgrims and tourists
• Improved sewerage and drainage system
• Availability of adequate water supply and safe drinking water.
• Clean roads & surroundings due to efficient collection and disposal of solid waste
• Overall clean environment
• Land availability (due to rehabilitation of existing SW disposal sites) for better use.
• Conservation of heritage structures.
• Strengthening of local ecosystem due to development of greenbelt and forest nursery
• Conservation of trees due to switching over to electric/diesel crematorium
• More comfort to pilgrims due to better pilgrim facilities such as maps & appropriate
signages, accommodation, water supply, public toilets and rest areas, safe and clean
river banks with bathing ghats, religious rites and recreation areas.
• Safe and pleasant tourism experience for the pilgrims
• Overall socio-economic development of the town.

11. SUMMARY OF PROJECTS

A summary of the projects costs discussed in this report is given below in T able 11.1 Details of the
projects namely, likely beneficiaries of the projects, potential partners in development and investment,
cost recovery and management options, and the resulting environmental benefits are discussed in
T able 11.2.
Table 11.1 : Summary of Project Costs

Sl. Name of the Proje ct Phase I Phase II Cost
No In Rs.
Lakhs
1 Construction of underground sewerage network and 343.00 289.00 632.00
ST P
2 Solid waste management system 50.00 75.00 125.00
3 Indrayani Riverfront Development 70.00 - 70.00
4 Water supply 221.00 329.00 550.00
5 Roads and traffic improvement in Alandi 170.00 140.00 310.00
6 T ourism (Eco pilgrimage) development projects 38.00 - 38.00
7 Other projects 100.00 450.00 550.00
Total 992.00 1283.00 2275.00
Note : The figures are rounded off appropriately.

Table 11.2 : Summary of Proposed Environmental Improvement Projects

Project Total Cost Phases of Implementation and Estimated Cost Likely Beneficiaries Potential Partners in Development Cost Recovery & Likely Environmental Benefits
and Investment Management Options
(Rs. Lakh) Phase 1- 2005- 2011( Focus: Cost Phase II- 2011-2031 (Focus: Alandi Cost (Rs.
Pilgrim Zone) (Rs. Lakh) Town) Lakh)
1. Construction 632.00 Development of an underground 343.00 Development of underground 289.00 Residents of Alandi due to Construction of Sewerage Network Aid from State and Improved sewerage and drainage
of Underground sewerage scheme covering the sewerage network covering the area improved sewerage and by AMC Central Govt. system
Sewerage Pilgrim Zone and adjoining area on on the right bank of the river. drainage facilities. Construction & Operation of STP Municipal tax from Improvement in Indrayani river
Network and the left bank of the river such Construction of an STP of 4 MLD Residents and pilgrims due to by private operator residents, water quality
STP Construction of an STP of 4 MLD capacity and a 2 MLD Holding improved public health Technical assistance by commercial Less surface and ground water
capacity and a 2 MLD Holding Pond on the right bank of the river AMC due to better Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran organisations, pollution
Pond on the left bank of the river maintenance of sewerage and dharmashalas and Improved hygienic conditions,
sewage treatment in the town, hotels & restaurants reduction in water borne diseases
availability of treated Construction and Overall clean environment
wastewater for green belt operation of STP by Improvement in public health
development. private sector Pleasing aesthetics
Water reuse for greenbelt
development
2. Solid Waste 125.00 Implementation of waste 50.00 Implementation of waste 75.00 Residents of Alandi due to Collection & transportation by Aid from State and Clean roads & surroundings
Management segregation and collection system segregation and collection system improved SWM facilities. AMC Central government Improved water quality and
in Pilgrim Zone in entire town Residents and pilgrims due to Development & Operation of agencies aesthetics along Indrayani river
Development of the Compost Plant Identification and commissioning improved public health disposal facility by private operator Partial recovery banks
site proposed in the DP. of new site for composting and AMC due to better Project development assistance by through sale of Reduction in odour nuisance
Landfilling of non-degradable landfill. maintenance of solid waste in MPCB compost Improved hygienic conditions
waste in abandoned stone quarries. the town. Financial/equipment sponsorship of Contribution from Improvement in public health
Rehabilitation of existing SW Temple trust due improved private sector for collection of households towards Better hygienic conditions at the
disposal sites hygienic conditions and waste, operation & maintenance of door to door eateries and food joints.
Community awareness aesthetics in the temple area the Compost plant. collection. Land availability (due to
programmes, IEC campaigns by and along river bank. NGOs’, Social groups’ rehabilitation of existing SW
NGOs on waste segregation participation in awareness disposal sites) for better use.
programmes
Participation from local religious
education institutes in maintaining
cleanliness of Temple area and
river front
Technical assistance by local
engineering college

3. Riverfront 70.00 Removal of mid-stream structures 70.00 - ( All development activities are - Residents of Alandi due to Construction of Ghats and other Aid from State and Improvement in Indrayani river
Development Strengthening of existing weir near proposed to be taken in Phase I improvement in hygienic facilities by Private sector / Central Govt. water quality due to diversion of
old bridge. itself.) conditions, better aesthetics Irrigation Dept Fixed annual fees to sewage
Construction of mid stream and recreational facilities. Maintenance of Old to New Bridge AMC from operator Improved hygienic conditions
fountains Pilgrims due to better hygienic stretch by Temple Trust of recreational along river bank
Construction of ghats conditions, better facilities for Maintenance of other stretch by facilities. Pleasing aesthetics along river
Construction of steps, boat landing taking bath and performing AMC banks
facility, and walkway along right religious rites along river Security arrangements along Ghats Overall clean environment
bank banks, and better aesthetics by AMC Unique tourism experience
Gardens and soft landscaping: and recreational facilities.
Construction of Toilet Blocks Temple trust and AMC due to
Lighting on river banks improvement in river water
Drinking water fountains quality and improved public
Provision of Nirmalya Kalash health.
Removal of solid waste dumped
along river bank and other
miscellaneous works
Boating
Greenbelt and construction of steps
from new bridge upto Alandi weir
Relocation of existing crematorium
Security guards
4. Water Supply 550.00 Rehabilitation of Existing Water 221.00 New Proposals for Additional 329.00 Resident of Alandi and Construction of intake and Aid from State and Reduction in water borne diseases
Supply Scheme Capacity Pilgrims due better quality and distribution network by AMC Central Govt. Improved public health
Providing raw water intake pipe, Providing raw water intake for adequate supply of drinking Construction by private sector Municipal Tax
raw water pumping main. additional capacity including the and domestic water. Operation & maintenance of WTP Revision of water
Rehabilitation of treatment plant (2 connecting pipe , raw water by AMC charges
MLD) Clear water pumping main Technical assistance by
It is advisable to retain the existing (Common for both schemes 1 & 2) Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran
civil structures with some Providing new raw water and clear
rehabilitation measures and water pumping machinery
modifications to suit new Construction of additional capacity
technologies and providing new of treatment plant (7 MLD)
electrical and mechanical Construction of new service
components in water treatment reservoirs to have sufficient
plant. storage.
Construction of additional capacity Laying new distribution lines in the
of treatment plant (4MLD) uncovered area.
Remodelling of the distribution
system for equitable distribution of
water and refurbishment of service
reservoirs and cisterns.

5. Road and 310.00 Road Improvements 170.00 Construction of Bypass Road 140.00 Residents of Alandi due to Construction of roads by PWD / One time entry fee Improved roads & traffic
Traffic Junction Improvements at Chakan Integrated bus terminus at New improved road conditions, AMC charged to the conditions
Improvements chowk, Vadgaon chowk, and New MSRTC Bus stand road safety and air and noise Junction improvement works by pilgrims and tourists Less traffic congestion
including MSRTC junction quality. Temple Trust, private sector entering the Pilgrim No conflict of slow moving and
Parking Pedestrian Facilities Pilgrims due to better road Construction of Parking area by Zone fast moving vehicles
Facilities, Parking Facilities conditions, parking areas, and Temple Trust, private sector Betterment charges Improved air quality
Junction Street Lighting pedestrian safety. Maintenance of Parking areas by from Temple Trust Less noise pollution
Improvement Road Safety Improvements AMC due to better private operator Toll tax for vehicles Hazard free movement of pilgrims
maintenance of roads in the Development & maintenance of using Bypass road and tourists
town and. green belt along roads by Forest Municipal taxes Improved pedestrian safety
Traffic police due to less Dept, NGOs
incidents of road accidents. Private sector participation mainly
Temple trust due to ease in through funding of project by local
pilgrim movement in the traders and industries.
temple area and availability of
area for improvement works.
6. Tourism (Eco 38.00 Preparation of a tourist map & 38.00 - - Pilgrims Preparation of signages, training of Sponsorship of by Clean surrounding
pilgrimage) information Brochure of Alandi Temple trust stakeholders, development of private sector, temple Conservation of natural resources
Development Compiling information related to environmental and social code of trust Conservation of heritage
Projects disaster management such as conduct by NGOs, educational Aid from MTDC structures
availability of health facilities, risk institutes, temple trust
prone areas of the town, emergency Preparation of maps, brochures,
services and agencies etc. identification of heritage structures,
Training of stake holders development of tourism circuit of
Preparing an environment & social neighboring religious places by
code of conduct for pilgrims Maharashtra Tourism Development
Identification of heritage structures/ Corporation (MTDC)
sites based on architectural and
socio-cultural importance for their
conservation and restoration
Pilgrim circuit development of
religious places in neighbouring
districts

7. Other Projects 550.00 Road side plantation (5 km on both 100.00 Developing a medicinal plant and 450.00 Residents of Alandi due to Dept. of Social Forestry, GoM Pay & use toilets Improvement in air quality,
sides) herbal garden reduction in air and noise Temple Trust User charges for reduction in dust pollution due to
Developing forest nursery around Decongestion and beautification pollution, improvement in Alandi Municipal Council community halls greenbelt development
police station around the temple. hygienic conditions and better Private sector for funding of public Reduction in noise pollution
Construction of 8 seat public toilet at Construction of Meditation Centre, aesthetics. toilet construction and mobile reduction in dust pollution due to
slums in Indrayani Nagar, Padmavati Kirtan Mandap and Community Pilgrims due to better air toilets greenbelt development and
Chakan Road, Sathe Nagar, New Hall for pilgrims quality, better hygienic decongestion of temple area
MSRTC Bus Stand conditions and aesthetics. Better aesthetics
Construction of 5 seat Mobile toilet Strengthening local ecosystem
New Electric/Diesel Crematorium due to development of forest
nursery and herbal garden
Improvement in hygienic
conditions due to provision of
public toilets in slums and mobile
toilets for pilgrims
Improvement in river bank and
water quality due to shifting of
crematorium
Conservation of trees due to
switching over to electric/diesel
crematorium
Total 2275.00 992.00 1283.00

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A CTION P LAN FOR E NVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT AT - A LANDI FEASIBILITY REPORT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................... VII

1.0 PROJECT BRIEF.................................................................................................................... 1

M AHARASHTRA POLLUTION C ONTROL BOARD i WILBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES PRIVATE LIMITED

4.8.1 Absence of Effective Primary Collection Mechanism ..........................................................22

M AHARASHTRA POLLUTION C ONTROL BOARD ii WILBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES PRIVATE LIMITED

7.0 ROADS & TRAFFIC IMPROVEMENT....................................................................................53

10. ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS..............................................................................................84

11. SUMMARY OF PROJECTS ....................................................................................................86

M AHARASHTRA POLLUTION C ONTROL BOARD iv WILBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES PRIVATE LIMITED

M AHARASHTRA POLLUTION C ONTROL BOARD v WILBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES PRIVATE LIMITED

Dr. D.B. Boralkar

M AHARASHTRA POLLUTION C ONTROL BOARD vi WILBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES PRIVATE LIMITED

Maharashtra Pollution Control Board Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited

1.0 PROJECT BRIEF

T he objective of the project is to identify the environmental problems of these religious

1.1 STUDY AREA STUDY AREA

M AHARASHTRA POLLUTION C ONTROL BOARD 1 WILBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES PRIVATE LIMITED

1.2 REPORT STRUCTURE

M AHARASHTRA POLLUTION C ONTROL BOARD 2 WILBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES PRIVATE LIMITED

2.0 ECOCITY GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF

2.2 DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF ALANDI – A REVIEW

T he plan proposes following land use development.

Table 1: Propose d land use for Alandi (1988 – 1998 DP)

M AHARASHTRA POLLUTION C ONTROL BOARD 3 WILBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES PRIVATE LIMITED

T he DP has anticipated a population of 14552 by 2001 at an average growth rate of

M AHARASHTRA POLLUTION C ONTROL BOARD 5 WILBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES PRIVATE LIMITED

have the technical expertise and finances to implement the plan.

2.3 THE ECOCITY CONCEPT

Strategic planning should include following basic principles or sectors of incorporating

2.4 MODEL ECOCITY PRINCIPLES

Density of development should be optimised with regard to the contradictory

M AHARASHTRA POLLUTION C ONTROL BOARD 6 WILBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES PRIVATE LIMITED

Urban structures and buildings should be designed to allow variability, extensibility,

Local sources (materials, labour) should be preferred wherever possible.

Basic facilities should be located to allow best accessibility by pedestrians

Motor traffic should be reduced as much as possible.

Previously disturbed areas should be restored and/or redeveloped.

T he extent of impervious surfaces should be kept at minimum.

M AHARASHTRA POLLUTION C ONTROL BOARD 7 WILBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES PRIVATE LIMITED

Energy consumption of the settlement should be reduced using energy-efficient

In addition to the reduction of energy demand, also alternative sources should be

A. Ene rgy conse rvation and e fficie ncy

B. Effe ctive solid waste manage me nt

D. Addre ssing e nvironme ntal issue s and risks

M AHARASHTRA POLLUTION C ONTROL BOARD 8 WILBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES PRIVATE LIMITED

E. Se lfsufficie ncy and sustainable e conomic de ve lopme nt

F. Community participation and de cision making

G. Improving e nvironme ntal gove rnance and municipal se rvice s

M AHARASHTRA POLLUTION C ONTROL BOARD 9 WILBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES PRIVATE LIMITED

2.5 GUIDELINES FOR REVISION OF DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR ALANDI ON

M AHARASHTRA POLLUTION C ONTROL BOARD 10 WILBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES PRIVATE LIMITED

M AHARASHTRA POLLUTION C ONTROL BOARD 11 WILBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES PRIVATE LIMITED

3.0 SEWERAGE SCHEME

3.2 EXISTING SYSTEM

3.3 PROPOSALS FOR THE NEW SEWERAGE SYSTEM

M AHARASHTRA POLLUTION C ONTROL BOARD 12 WILBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES PRIVATE LIMITED

Table 3.1 : Sewage Generation in Alandi