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    L3 Statics

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    Daryll Tuazon
    The document discusses key concepts in engineering mechanics including moment of force, free body diagrams, and couples. It defines moment of force as a measure of a force's tendency to cause rotation and gives the formula for calculating moment. It also explains how to properly draw a free body diagram and defines a couple as a system of equal and opposite parallel forces that have no net force but a nonzero rotational effect. Several example problems are worked through demonstrating how to apply these concepts to solve static equilibrium problems.

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    L3 Statics

    Uploaded by

    Daryll Tuazon
    28 views20 pages
    The document discusses key concepts in engineering mechanics including moment of force, free body diagrams, and couples. It defines moment of force as a measure of a force's tendency to cause rotation and gives the formula for calculating moment. It also explains how to properly draw a free body diagram and defines a couple as a system of equal and opposite parallel forces that have no net force but a nonzero rotational effect. Several example problems are worked through demonstrating how to apply these concepts to solve static equilibrium problems.

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    The document discusses key concepts in engineering mechanics including moment of force, free body diagrams, and couples. It defines moment of force as a measure of a force's tendency to cause rotation and gives the formula for calculating moment. It also explains how to properly draw a free body diagram and defines a couple as a system of equal and opposite parallel forces that have no net force but a nonzero rotational effect. Several example problems are worked through demonstrating how to apply these concepts to solve static equilibrium problems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    28 views20 pages

    L3 Statics

    Uploaded by

    Daryll Tuazon
    The document discusses key concepts in engineering mechanics including moment of force, free body diagrams, and couples. It defines moment of force as a measure of a force's tendency to cause rotation and gives the formula for calculating moment. It also explains how to properly draw a free body diagram and defines a couple as a system of equal and opposite parallel forces that have no net force but a nonzero rotational effect. Several example problems are worked through demonstrating how to apply these concepts to solve static equilibrium problems.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Engineering Mechanics

    Moment of a Force About An


    axis, Free Body Diagram and
    Couples
    Module 3

    BES 025 - STATICS OF RIGID BODIES BY ENGR. KENMARK JEWEL V. BIAG


    Learning Objective
    • Define moment of a force.

    • Apply Varignon’s Theorem to simplify certain moment analyses.

    • Draw an accurate free body diagram locating each of the forces


    acting on an object or a system of objects.

    • Define what is a couple.


    Moment of a Force
    What is the Moment of a Force?
    The Moment of a force (Moment) is a measure of its tendency to cause a body to rotate about a specific
    point or axis

    M=Fxd (N-m)

    The intersection of the x&y plane and the z-axis, point O, is known as the moment center , while the
    perpendicular distance d is called as the moment arm ( line of action of F and the z-axis are both
    perpendicular to d. In the SI, the unit of measurement of the moment M is in newton-meter (N-m).
    Sign Convention
    𝑀𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 (+) 𝑀𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 (−)
    A PRINCIPLE OF MOMENT: VARIGNON THEOREM
    Pierre Varignon (1654- 1722), a French mathematician, developed the theorem on the moment of a
    force, thus, “ the moment of a force about a moment center is equal to the sum of moments of the
    components of the force about the same moment center”.

    Sample Problem
    Sample Problem
    Example Problems 2
    2. In the figure shown, assume clockwise moments as positive, compute the moment of force F= 450KN
    and of force P =361 KN about points A,B,C,and D
    For F: For P:
    450(4) 450(3) 361(3) 361(2)
    𝑀𝐷 = (3) − (1) 𝑀𝐴 = (2) − (3)
    5
    3 5 5 3.6056 3.6056
    4 𝑀𝐷 = 810 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚. 𝑀𝐴 = 0
    3.6056
    3 −450(3) −361(3)
    2
    𝑀𝐴 = (5) 𝑀𝐵 = (1)
    5 3.6056
    𝑀𝐴 = −1,350 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚. 𝑀𝐵 = −300.37 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚.

    450(3) 450(4) −361(3) 361(3)


    𝑀𝐶 = (5) 𝑀𝐵 = (6) 𝑀𝐶 = (4) 𝑀𝐷 = (4)
    5 5 3.6056 3.6056
    𝑀𝐶 = 1,350 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚. 𝑀𝐵 = 2,160 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚. 𝑀𝐶 = −1,201.46 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚. 𝑀𝐷 = 1,201.46 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚.
    FREE BODY DIAGRAM (F. B.D.)
    What is a Free Body Diagram?
    Is the simplified representation of all the forces acting upon the body/object, showing the magnitude,
    direction and point of application of the forces.

    Why do we use FBD?


    The construction of FBD is the key step that translate a physical problem into a simplified form that can be
    analyzed mathematically.
    FREE BODY DIAGRAM (F. B.D.)
    How to draw the FBD?
    1. Be neat, Because the equilibrium equations will be derived directly from the free-body diagram, it is essential that the
    diagram be readable.
    2. Clearly label all forces, angles,and distances with values (if known) or symbols( if the values are not known).
    3. The support reaction must be consistent with the information presented in the table below.
    4. Show only the forces that are external to the body (this includes support reactions and the weight).Internal forces occur
    in equal and opposite pairs and thus will not appear on free body diagram.

    COMMONLY USED FREE- BODY DIAGRAM


    Practice Solving
    Example Problems 1
    1. The homogeneous 6m bar AB in the figure, (a) is supported in the vertical plane by rollers at A and
    B and by a cable at C. The mass of the bar is 50 kg. Draw the FBD of the bar AB.
    Determine the number of unknowns on the FBD.

    𝑤 = 490.5 𝑁 𝐵 𝑁𝐵 Unknowns
    Normal Reaction @ A
    𝐺 𝑇
    𝐶 20°
    Normal Reaction @ B
    Tension of the Rope
    𝐴 40°

    𝑁𝐴
    𝑤 = 𝑚𝑔 = 50 9.81 = 490.5 𝑁
    Couples And Force
    (Couple Systems)
    Module 3

    BES 025 - STATICS OF RIGID BODIES BY ENGR. KENMARK JEWEL V. BIAG


    COUPLES
    A couple is a system of forces whose resultant has a zero magnitude, and yet has a momentum sum. A
    couple is composed of two equal forces that are parallel to each other and acting in opposite direction.

    𝐹1

    𝐹2

    The magnitude of a couple is:


    C=Fxd
    Where d is the perpendicular distance from one force to another.
    In the SI, the unit of F is Newton (N) and of d, meter (m).
    COUPLES
    NOTE:
    (1) A couple is independent of the moment center, thus the effect is unchanged in the following conditions:

    a. the couple is rotated through any angle in its plane.


    b. the couple is shifted to any other position in its plane.
    c. the couple is shifted to a parallel plane.

    (2) In cases where a system is composed entirely of couples in the same plane, or parallel planes, the
    resultant is a couple whose magnitude is the algebraic sum of the original couples.
    COUPLES
    RESOLUTION; FORCE INTO A FORCE AND A COUPLE

    The replacement of a force through a known point of application by a another force through a different
    point is sometimes a necessary to simplify the given conditions in a particular problem. In the figure below,
    F is a given force acting through point A. Force F remains unchanged through the addition of the two
    equal forces F1 and F2 acting at point B and parallel to F.

    Note that F1 and F2 and a couple, C=Fd or F2d. This is presented by the
    clockwise couple shown, with F and F2 correspondingly taken out of
    figure.
    Practice Solving
    Example Problems 2
    2. A vertical shaft AB is 5m long and is bolted to the rigid support at its lower end A. At its
    upper end B is attached a horizontal bar BC which is 2m long. At the end of C is applied a
    force P= 180 N. Force P is perpendicular to the plane containing points A, B, C. Determine
    the twisting effect of P on the shaft AB and the bending effect at point A.

    𝑇𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 180 2 = 360 𝑁. 𝑚.


    𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 180 5 = 900 𝑁. 𝑚.
    Practice Solving

    Example Problems 3
    3. The three step pulley in the figure is subjected to the given couples. Compute the value of the resultant
    couple. Also determine the forces acting at the rim of the middle pulley that are required to balanced the
    given system.

    𝐶= 𝐶𝑛 - +

    𝐶 = −60(8) +30(12) −40 16


    𝐹
    𝐶 = −760 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚.
    𝐶 = 760 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚.

    𝐶 = 𝐶𝑏
    𝐹
    760 = 𝐹(12)

    𝐹 = 63.33 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
    RECAP
    We learned:
    What is a moment of a force?
    • THE VARIGNON THEOREM

    What is a Free Body Diagram?


    • How to draw the FBD and Analyze a simplified Physical Problem.

    What is a couple?
    • Difference between a couple and moment.
    • Moment
    • No Pair
    • With Moment Sum
    • With Resultant Force
    • Couple
    • With Pair
    • With Moment Sum
    • Zero Resultant Force
    BES 025 - STATICS OF RIGID BODIES BY ENGR. KENMARK JEWEL V. BIAG
    END
    BES 025 - STATICS OF RIGID BODIES BY ENGR. KENMARK JEWEL V. BIAG
    ACTIVITY

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