Project No. 4

To study the factor on which the self-inductance of a coil
depends by observing the effect of this coil, when put in

series with a resistor/(bulb) in a circuit fed up by an A.C.
source of adjustable frequency.
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my special thanks

of to my Physics teacher ___________for
there able guidance and support in
completing my project.
I would also like to extend my gratitude to

the principal sir _________________for
providing me with all the facilities
that was required.
………………………………
……...…………..
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that _________________ of

Class XII, Session 2023-24 has successfully
completed his/her Physics project work under
the guidance of _______________
DATE : …………….
Signature
(Principal)
Signature Signature
(Internal Examiner) (External Examiner)
INDEX
S.NO CONTENTS
1. AIM
2. APPARATUS
3. THEORY & CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
4. PROCEDURE
5. OBSERVATION
6. RESULT
7. PRECAUTIONS
8. SOURCES OF ERRORS
AIM:-
To study the factor on which the self

inductance of a coil depends by observing
the effect of this coil, when put in series with
a resistor (bulb) in a circuit fed up by an A.C.
source of adjustable frequency.
APPARATUS:-
A coil of large turns, a.c. source of adjustable

frequency, an electrical bulb, (6V) a.c.
ammeter of suitable range rheostat, a soft
iron rod, one way key, connecting wires etc.
THEORY:-
Self inductance is the property of a coil
which opposes the change in current through
it. The self inductance of a coil (long
solenoid) is
µ0 µ𝑟 𝑁2 𝐴
L=
𝑙
where µ𝑟 = Relative magnetic permeability of

magnetic material,
µ
µ𝑟 =
µ0
N = Total number of turns in solenoid
A = Area of cross-section of solenoid
l = length of solenoid.
Hence, the self inductance depends upon:
1. No. of turns (N) , L α N²

𝟏
2. Geometry of coil, L α A, L α
𝒍
3. Nature of core material, L α µ
When an inductor is connected in series with

a resistor (bulb) with a variable source of
frequency, then current flowing in the bulb is
𝐸𝑟𝑚𝑠
𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 =
𝑍
Where Z = √𝑅2 + 𝜔2 𝐿2 = Impedance of the a.c.

circuit. Here
R = Resistance of the bulb
L = Self inductance of coil
𝜔 = 2πf = Angular frequency of a.c. source.

The brightness of bulb i.e., Heat generated in
the bulb is
H = 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠
2
Zt
𝐻
P= = 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠
2
Z
𝑡
P = 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠
2
√𝑅2 + 𝜔2 𝐿2
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-
PROCEDURE:-
1. Make all connections as shown in the
circuit diagram.
2. Switch on the a.c. supply & adjust the

current in the circuit by using the variable
resistor ( 𝑅ℎ ).
3. Record the current in a.c. ammeter & see

the brightness of bulb.
4. Now, put the soft iron rod inside the

conductor core & record the current in a.c.
ammeter & again check the brightness of
bulb. The current & brightness both
decreases.
5. Now, switch off the supply & decrease the

frequency of a.c. source (say 50 Hz).
6. Again switch on the supply & adjust the
current in circuit at same constant voltage 6V
by using the rheostat. Note the current in
ammeter & brightness of bulb. The current &
brightness both will increase.
7. Again insert the iron rod in the core of coil

& note the current & brightness. The current
& brightness both decreases.
8. Repeat the steps 5, 6 and 7 for different

frequency of a.c. source.
OBSERVATIONS:-
1. Least count of ammeter = 0.05 A.
2. Zero error of ammeter = 0 A.
3. Range of ammeter = 0 – 5 A.
S.NO Frequency Current in Current in
of applied ammeter ammeter with
voltage without iron iron rod in
(Hz) rod in coil (A) coil (A)
1. 60 2 1.8
2. 50 2.5 2.3
3. 40 2.9 2.6
4. 30 3.4 3.25
5. 20 4.1 4
RESULT:-
1. The current in the circuit decrease on
inserting the iron rod in the core of coil at
constant frequency of applied voltage &
brightness of bulb decreases & vice-versa.
2. The current in the circuit increases on
decreasing the frequency of applied voltage
& vice-versa. Therefore, the brightness of
bulb increases.
PRECAUTIONS:-
1. The coil should have large number of
turns.
2. Current should be passed for a small time

to avoid the heating effect.
SOURCES OF ERRORS:-
1. The resistance of circuit may increase
slightly due to heating effect of current.
2. There may be eddy current in soft iron

coil.
Bibliography
• www.google.com
• www.documents.mx
• www.wikipedia.org
• www.docfoc.com
• www.slideshare.net

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To study the factor on which the self-inductance of a coil

depends by observing the effect of this coil, when put in

I would like to express my special thanks

I would also like to extend my gratitude to

This is to certify that _________________ of

3. THEORY & CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

To study the factor on which the self

A coil of large turns, a.c. source of adjustable

where µ𝑟 = Relative magnetic permeability of

A = Area of cross-section of solenoid

1. No. of turns (N) , L α N²

When an inductor is connected in series with

Where Z = √𝑅2 + 𝜔2 𝐿2 = Impedance of the a.c.

R = Resistance of the bulb

L = Self inductance of coil

𝜔 = 2πf = Angular frequency of a.c. source.

2. Switch on the a.c. supply & adjust the

3. Record the current in a.c. ammeter & see

4. Now, put the soft iron rod inside the

5. Now, switch off the supply & decrease the

7. Again insert the iron rod in the core of coil

8. Repeat the steps 5, 6 and 7 for different

2. Zero error of ammeter = 0 A.

2. Current should be passed for a small time

2. There may be eddy current in soft iron

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