CSE 341 Section Handout #9

JavaScript Cheat Sheet

Types
Number String Boolean null undefined Object Function
typeof(expr) // returns a lowercase type string, e.g. "number", "object"

Variables
var name = expression;
name = expression; // assign new value, or create global variable

Comments
// comment /* comment */

Converting between types

parseInt(expression) // integer
parseFloat(expression) // real number
!!expression // boolean
"" + expression // anything -> string
string.split(delimiter) // string -> array
array.join(delimiter) // array -> string

Statements (very similar to Java)

if (test) { // any type can be while (test) {
statements; // used as a test; statements;
} else if (test) { // falsey: 0, 0.0, "", }
statements; // NaN, null, undefined
} else { do {
statements; statements;
} } while (test);

for (initialization; test; update) { for (var name in obj) {

statements; statements; // sucks; don't use
} }

Functions
function name(paramName, paramName, ..., paramName) {
statements;
}

Math object
Method Description Method Description
Math.abs(value) absolute value Math.min(value1, ...) smaller of n values
Math.ceil(value) rounds up Math.pow(base, exponent) base to the exponent power
Math.cos(value) cosine, in radians Math.random() random real k in 0 ≤ k < 1
Math.floor(value) rounds down Math.round(value) nearest whole number
Math.log(value) logarithm, base e Math.sin(value) sine, in radians
Math.max(value1,...) larger of n values Math.sqrt(value) square root

Constant Description
Math.E 2.7182818...
Math.PI 3.1415926...

Input/output
print(expression)
print(expression, expression, ..., expression)
 CSE 341 Section Handout #9
Relational/Logical Operators
Operator Description Operator Description
< less than === equal (strict about types)
<= less than or equal !== not equal (strict about types)
> greater than && and
>= greater or equal || or
== equal (loose about types) ! not
!= not equal (loose about types)

Strings
String Method/Property Description
contains(str) true if this string contains the other's characters inside it
charAt(index) character at a given index, as a 1-letter string
charCodeAt(index) ASCII value at a given index, as an integer
String.fromCharCode(expr) converts an ASCII code into its character equivalent
indexOf(str), lastIndexOf(str) first/last index where given string begins (or -1 if not found)
length number of characters in this string
match(regexp) whether this string matches the given regular expression
replace(str1, str2) replace all occurrences in this string of str1 with str2
slice(i, j), substring(i, j) characters in this string from index i (inclusive) to j (exclusive)
split(delimiter) break apart string into an array of smaller strings
toLowerCase(), toUpperCase() a new string with all lowercase or uppercase letters

Arrays
var name = [expression, expression, ..., expression];
name[index] = expression;

Array Method Description

concat(expr...) returns new array with appended elements/arrays
filter(function) * returns new array of elements for which function returns true
indexOf(expr), lastIndexOf(expr) index of first/last occurrence of a value; -1 if not found
join(separator) glue elements together into a string
map(function) * returns new array from calling the function on each element
pop() remove and return last element
push(expr...) append value(s) to end of array
reduce(function [, initialValue]), left/right reduce of array using function to combine pairs
reduceRight(function [, initVal])
reverse() reverse order of elements, in place
shift() remove and return first element
slice(start, end) sub-array from start (inclusive) to end (exclusive)
sort() sort array in place, using optional compare function that takes
sort(compareFunction) 2 values and returns < 0, 0, or > 0 (a la compareTo)
splice(index, count, expr...) remove count elements from index, then add each of the given
values there
toString() string representation of array, e.g. "10,20,30,40"
unshift(expr...) insert value(s) at front of array

Objects
var name = {name: expression, ..., name: expression};
name.property
name["property"]
delete name.property;
 CSE 341 Section Handout #9
JavaScript Problems
1. What is the result of each expression? Write a value of the proper type (strings in quotes, etc.).
a. 3 / 2 + 1 / 2 h. "6" < 10
b. 1.0 * 42 i. 3 === "3"
c. 3 + "2" + 2 j. 0 || 4 || 5
d. 3 * "2" + 3 / "2" k. "a" && null && "b"
e. parseInt("3 stooges") l. typeof("hi")
f. parseInt("Fantastic 4") m. typeof([1, 2, 3])
g. 1 + 1 == "2" n. typeof(undefined)

2. Define a function named countChar that takes a string and a character as parameters and returns the
number of occurrences of that character in the string, case-insensitively. For example, the call of
countChar("MiSsisSiPpI", "s") should return 4.

3. Define a function named stutter that takes an array parameter and returns the array obtained by
replacing every value in the list with two of that value. For example, the call of stutter([1, 2, 3])
should return [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3].
4. Define a function named sortByLength that takes an array of strings and rearranges the strings in the
array to be sorted in ascending order by length. For example, the call of sortByLength(["bye",
"hi", "goodbye", "hello", "x"]) should change the array to store ["x", "hi", "bye",
"hello", "goodbye"]. Do not define any other global symbols, but you can define local ones.

5. Define a function named cycle that takes array and an integer n and rearranges its elements by moving
the first n values to the end of the array. For example, cycle(4, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) should change
the array to store [5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4]. If n is negative or 0, do not modify the array. (Bonus points if
you can do it without using a loop!)
6. Define a function named capitalizeAll that takes array of strings and returns a new array containing
all of the strings from the original array in upper case. Solve this problem using higher-order functions
such as map/filter/reduce. For example, capitalizeAll(["how", "are", "you?"]) should return
["HOW", "ARE", "YOU?"].

7. Define a variadic (var-args) function named longest that takes any number of strings as parameters
and returns the longest string that had the largest length. For example, longest("bye", "hi",
"goodbye", "hello", "x") should return "goodbye". Break ties by choosing the string that occurred
earlier. The call of longest("Jen", "Tom") should return "Jen". If no arguments are passed, return
the empty string, "". Notice that the arguments were not passed as an array. Also note that the var-args
arguments "array" is (unfortunately) a duck-typed object and is therefore missing the array methods
shown on this document's cheat sheet.
8. Define a function named transfer that takes two bank account objects and a real number as parameters
and transfers an amount of money from the first account to the second. A bank account in this case is an
object that has a numeric balance property. Transferring the money consists of withdrawing it from the
first account's balance and depositing it in the second account's balance. Only complete the transaction
if both account objects have a numeric balance property and the first account has at least the given
amount of money to be withdrawn. If the transaction was successful, return true, otherwise false.
 CSE 341 Section Handout #9
Solutions
1.

Expression Result
a. 3 / 2 + 1 / 2 2
b. 1.0 * 42 42
c. 3 + "2" + 2 "322"
d. 3 * "2" + 3 / "2" 7.5
e. parseInt("3 stooges") 3
f. parseInt("Fantastic 4") NaN
g. 1 + 1 == "2" true
h. "6" < 10 true
i. 3 === "3" false
j. 0 || 4 || 5 4
k. "a" && null && "b" null
l. typeof("hi") "string"
m. typeof([1, 2, 3]) "object"
n. typeof(undefined) "undefined"

2.
function countChar(s, character) {
s = s.toLowerCase();
character = character.toLowerCase();
var count = 0;
for (var i = 0; i < s.length; i++) {
if (s[i] == character) {
count++;
}
}
return count;
}

3.
function stutter(a) {
var result = [];
for (var i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
result.push(a[i]);
result.push(a[i]);
}
return result;
}

4.
function sortByLength(strings) {
function compareLength(s1, s2) {
return s1.length - s2.length;
};
strings.sort(compareLength);
}
 CSE 341 Section Handout #9
Solutions (continued)
5.
function cycle(a, n) {
for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {
a.unshift(a.pop());
}
}

function cycle(a, n) { // UB3R-1337 solution

a.concat(a.slice(n), a.slice(0, n));
}

6.
function capitalizeAll(strings) {
return strings.map(function(s) { return s.toUpperCase(); });
}

7.
function longest() {
var result = "";
for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
if (arguments[i].length > result.length) {
result = arguments[i];
}
}
return result;
}

8.
function transfer(acct1, acct2, money) {
if (typeof(acct1.balance) === "number" &&
typeof(acct2.balance) === "number" &&
acct1.balance >= money) {
acct1.balance -= money;
acct2.balance += money;
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}