Lesson 2

NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
LESSON 2
Heart Attack Warning Signs
 a non-communicable disease (NCD) is a
medical condition or disease that is non-  chest discomfort that can feel like
infechous and non-transmissible. uncomfortable pressure, squeezing or
pain that lasts for more than a few
 Estimated that 6-10 deaths in the world are minutes, or that goes away and returns
attmbuted to NCDs cardiovascular disease, later;
diabetes, cancer, and risk factors, which  Pain or discomfort in the shoulders,
include elevated blood sugar and neck, jaw, between the shoulder
overweight. blades, in one or both arms;
 Shortness of breath that accompanies
2010 WHO reported that main causes of NCDs the chest discomfort;
are known:  and Light-headedness, cold sweats,
nausea, and/or vomiting,
 UN HEALTHY DIET
 PHYSICAL INACTIVIT High Blood Pressure or Hypertension
 TOBACCO USE
Hypertension
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD)  refers to a chronic, persistent elevation
of blood pressure. Pressure is created
 A group of degenerative condition that when the heart contracts, pump blood
afflicts the heart and the vessel. Includes into the arteries, and blood is forced
coronary heart, strokes, hypertension or against the walls of the arteries as it
high blood pressure and heart failure. circulates throughout the body.
CORONARY HEART DISEASE Stroke
 Coronary heart diseases (CHDs) are It is a damage to part of the brain that is caused
caused by a lack of blood supply to the by an interruption of blood supply to the brain
heart muscle resulting from a due to either rupture and leakage (hemorrhage)
progressive, degenerative disorder or blockage (ischemic) of blood vessels. The
known atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis term stroke indicates the sudden onset.
involves a build-up and deposition of fat
and fibrous plaques in the inner lining of Stroke Warning Signs
arterial wall thereby narrowing it.
 Sudden weakness or numbness of the
 Atherosclerosis Plaque can face, arm, or leg particularly on one
accumulate in an artery which can side of the body.
eventually block the blood flow. This  Sudden confusion, dizziness, difficulty
can cause stroke, heart attack, and with speech and understanding.
even death. Sudden visual difficulty in one or both
eyes.
 sudden trouble walking, loss of
balance, or coordination.
 Sudden severe headache
Heart Failure
A life-threatening condition were sufficient blood

flow to the body because of the heart's weak
pumping action. Also called 'congestive heart
failure. It can be caused by diseases that:
Weaken the heart muscle, Cause stiffening of
the heart muscles, or Increase oxygen demand
by the body tissue beyond the capability of the
heart to deliver adequate oxygen-rich blood.
NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
LESSON 2
Risk Factor  Family History
A lifestyle behaverior, an environmental

exposure, or a hereditary characteristic that is
associated with an increase in the occurrence
of a particular disease, injury, or other health
condition.
Modifiable factors
Factors that are within one’s control and can be

changed to prevent disease and/or reduce
deaths
 Hypertension
 Obesity
 Hypercholesterolemia
 Diabetes
 Physical Inactivity
HYPERTENSION
 Hypertension increases the workload of the

heart, resulting in weakening over time.
When this is accompanied by other risk
factors such as obesity, smoking, high
blood cholesterol or diabetes, the risk of
heart attack or stroke increases several
times.
OBESITY
 It is a medical condition characterized by

storage of excess bodyfat. A BMI at or
above 85th percentile and lower than the
95th percentile for children of the same age
and sex.
DIABETES
 Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases

characterized by high levels of blood
glucose because the body does not
produce or properly use insulin. Insulin is a
hormone secreted by the pancreas and is
essential for the proper metabolism of
glucose and maintenance of glucose level
in the blood.
PHYSICAL INACTIVITY
 is a behavior that can be conceived as a

continuum from minimal to maximal
movements with its corresponding energy
expenditure.
Unmodified Risk factor
that cannot be changed such as:

 Age
 Sex

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NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND

CORONARY HEART DISEASE Stroke

A life-threatening condition were sufficient blood

A lifestyle behaverior, an environmental

Factors that are within one’s control and can be

 Hypertension increases the workload of the

 It is a medical condition characterized by

 Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases

 is a behavior that can be conceived as a

Unmodified Risk factor

that cannot be changed such as:

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