4b. Cyclone Separator

Experiment No.
- 4B
CYCLONE SEPARATOR
Aim:
● To calculate the collection efficiency of a given cyclone separator.
● To study the effect of inlet gas velocity on collection efficiency.
Introduction:
Cyclones are the principle type of gas-solids separator employing centrifugal force,
and are widely used. They are basically simple constructions; can be made from a
wide range of materials and designed for high temperature and pressure operation.
Cyclones are also extensively used for separating solids from liquids, especially for
purpose of classification.
Theory:
Cyclone is the most widely used centrifugal separation equipment for separating dust
or mist from gases. It consists of a vertical cylinder with a conical bottom, a tangential
inlet near the top, and an outlet for dust at the bottom of the cone. The incoming dust
laden air travels in a spiral path around and down the cylindrical body of the cyclone.
The centrifugal force developed in the vortex tends to move the particles radially
toward the wall, and the particles that reach the wall slide down into the cone and are
collected. The cyclone is basically a settling device in which a strong centrifugal
force, acting radially, is used in place of a relatively weak gravitational force acting
vertically.
Experimental setup:
The setup consists of I.D. blower connected to discharge side of cyclone separator. A
flow meter with manometer is provided to measure flow of air. Collector is provided to
collect solid particles. Flow control valve and by pass valve are provided for control
the flow.
CGFGFGFGFGF
Requirements:
Electricity Supply: Single phase, 220 V AC, 50 Hz, 5-15 Amp combined socket with earth
connection. Earth voltage should be less than 5 volts, Floor Area Required: 2 m x 1.0 m,
Electronics Weighing Balance: Capacity 2 kg (least count 1 gm), Raw material for feed
(Cement dust, fine dust, fly ash – 0.5 kg)
Experimental procedure:
Starting procedure:
● Prepare feedstock of cement dust or fine sand or fly ash with constant average particle
size.
● Note down the weight and size of particle of the feed.
● Switch ON the power supply.
● Start the cyclone separator.
● Fix the flow rate of air by adjusting the flow control valve V1 and by pass valve V2.
● Note down the manometer reading.
● Feed the dust particles by opening the valve.

CGFGFGFGFGF
● Collect the particles from bottom.
● Measure the weight of particles collected from the bottom of cyclone.
● Repeat the experiment for different particle size.
● Repeat the experiment for different flow rate of air.
Closing procedure:
● When the experiment is over switch OFF the power supply.
Precautions:
● Never run the apparatus if power supply is less than 180 volts and more than 230 volts
● Always use the dry particles.
● If the motor shaft is not moving but electric power is showing ON then switch OFF the
power supply and move the motor shaft manually. When it moves freely, then start it
again.
Observations:
Data:
Acceleration due to gravity g = 9.81 m/s2
Diameter of pipe for pitot tube d = 0.042 m
Density of manometric fluid ρm = 1000 kg/m3
Density of air ρa = 1.21 kg/m3
Coefficient of pitot tube Cv = 0.98
Observation table:
Sno. S h1 (cm) h2 (cm) W (kg) Wc (kg) R1 (cm) R2 (cm)

(mm)
Calculations:
CGFGFGFGFGF
∆𝐻 = ( )(
ℎ1−ℎ2
100
ρ𝑚
ρ𝑎 )( )
− 1 𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝐻2𝑂 𝐴 =
π
4
2
( 2) 𝑉 = 𝐶𝑉
𝑑 𝑚 ( 3
)
2𝑔∆𝐻(𝑚/𝑠) 𝑄 = 𝑉𝐴 𝑚 /𝑠 η =
𝑊𝑐
𝑊
×100(%)
Where,
A-cross sectional area of pipe
Cv-coefficient of pitot tube
d- Diameter of pipe of pitot tube
g- Acceleration due to gravity
Q-flowrate of air
V-inlet velocity of air
⧍H-head loss
Wc-weight of particles collected at bottom of cyclone
W-weight of particles fed to the cyclone
h1,h2-reading of manometer for flowrate
R1,R2-reading of manometer for pressure drop
Results:
Report the collection efficiency of given cyclone separator.
Discussion:
● Discuss the various forces which should be taken into account in cyclone.
● Study the effect of inlet gas velocity on collection efficiency.
● What is the separation factor of cyclone and how it can be increased?
● Differentiate between the terms classification and clarification.
References:
McCabe, Warren L. Smith, Julian C. Harriott, Peter (2005). Unit Operations of Chemical
Engineering. 7th Ed. NY: McGraw-Hill. pp 1066-1069.

4b. Cyclone Separator

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Experiment No.

● To calculate the collection efficiency of a given cyclone separator.

● To study the effect of inlet gas velocity on collection efficiency.

● Note down the weight and size of particle of the feed.

● Switch ON the power supply.

● Start the cyclone separator.

● Note down the manometer reading.

● Feed the dust particles by opening the valve.

● Collect the particles from bottom.

● Measure the weight of particles collected from the bottom of cyclone.

● Repeat the experiment for different particle size.

● Repeat the experiment for different flow rate of air.

● When the experiment is over switch OFF the power supply.

● Always use the dry particles.

Sno. S h1 (cm) h2 (cm) W (kg) Wc (kg) R1 (cm) R2 (cm)

Report the collection efficiency of given cyclone separator.

● Study the effect of inlet gas velocity on collection efficiency.

● What is the separation factor of cyclone and how it can be increased?

● Differentiate between the terms classification and clarification.

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