AMBO UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY HACHALU HUNDESSA CAMPUS

SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

ADVANCED SEMINAR IN MSC. IT

Title of Seminar: 3D password

By: Gadisa Gemchu ID: Pgr/68878/15

Advisor: Bayisa Natea (Associate Professor)

17 January 2024

Ambo, Ethiopia
Contents
Abstract.......................................................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................................4
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................4
Background of the study.............................................................................................................................5
Motivation...................................................................................................................................................7
Problem of 3D password.............................................................................................................................8
Objectives....................................................................................................................................................8
General Objective....................................................................................................................................8
Specific Objectives...................................................................................................................................8
Scope...........................................................................................................................................................9
Significance of study....................................................................................................................................9
Limitations................................................................................................................................................10
CHAPTER TWO.........................................................................................................................................11
LITRATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................................11
Reference.................................................................................................................................................13
 Abstract
In today's digital era, the security of personal information and sensitive data is of utmost
importance. Traditional authentication systems, such as passwords and PINs, have proven to be
vulnerable to various attacks, including brute force, dictionary attacks, and social engineering.
To address these concerns, researchers have explored alternative authentication methods that
offer enhanced security while maintaining user convenience. One such innovative approach is
the 3D password. The 3D password is a multi-factor authentication scheme that utilizes three-
dimensional graphical environments as a means of authentication. Instead of relying solely on
alphanumeric passwords, the 3D password incorporates multiple factors, including gestures,
biometrics, and graphical objects, to create a more robust and secure authentication system. This
seminar aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the 3D password concept, including its
underlying principles, advantages, and potential applications. The session will delve into the
technical aspects of implementing a 3D password system, such as the design of 3D virtual
environments, the integration of different authentication factors, and the incorporation of
machine learning algorithms for user identification Additionally, the seminar will discuss the
security strengths and weaknesses of the 3D password approach, highlighting its potential to
thwart various attacks and protect against password guessing, shoulder surfing, and keylogging.
Furthermore, the session will explore the usability and user acceptance factors associated with
the 3D password, investigating user experiences and potential challenges in real-world
deployment.By attending this seminar, participants will gain a deeper understanding of the 3D
password concept and its potential to revolutionize the field of authentication. The insights
shared will be valuable for researchers, practitioners, and professionals working in the areas of
cybersecurity, information technology, and user authentication, enabling them to make informed
decisions regarding the implementation and adoption of the 3D password paradigm to enhance
security in various domains.
 CHAPTER ONE

Introduction
In recent years, the proliferation of digital systems and online services has led to an
unprecedented demand for robust and secure authentication methods. Traditional password-
based systems, while widely used, have demonstrated inherent vulnerabilities that can be
exploited by attackers. The need for stronger authentication mechanisms has prompted
researchers to explore innovative approaches, one of which is the 3D password. The concept of
the 3D password was introduced as a means to enhance the security of authentication systems by
incorporating multiple factors and leveraging three-dimensional graphical environments (Kolhe,
2013). Unlike conventional passwords that rely solely on alphanumeric characters, the 3D
password integrates various authentication factors, such as gestures, biometrics, and graphical
objects, to create a more complex and secure authentication process.

The primary objective of the 3D password is to provide an authentication system that is resistant
to attacks such as brute force, dictionary attacks, and social engineering. By utilizing multiple
factors and incorporating the spatial and visual aspects of a three-dimensional environment, the
3D password offers an additional layer of security that is difficult to replicate or compromise.
The design and implementation of a 3D password system involve several technical
considerations. Creating immersive and interactive 3D virtual environments requires expertise in
computer graphics, user interface design, and human-computer interaction. Additionally,
integrating various authentication factors, such as facial recognition, fingerprint scanning, and
voice recognition, necessitates the utilization of advanced machine learning algorithms and
biometric technologies. While the 3D password presents numerous advantages in terms of
security, it is essential to evaluate its effectiveness and usability. User acceptance and ease of use
are crucial factors that determine the practicality and adoption of any authentication scheme.
Therefore, understanding user experiences, preferences, and potential challenges associated with
the 3D password is paramount to ensure its successful implementation in real-world scenarios.

In this seminar, we will delve into the intricacies of the 3D password paradigm, exploring its
underlying principles, technical aspects, and security implications. We will discuss the design
considerations involved in creating 3D virtual environments and integrating various
authentication factors. Furthermore, we will examine the strengths and weaknesses of the 3D
password approach, addressing its potential to mitigate common security threats and protect user
credentials.

Fig 1.2 graphical representation of 3D

Fig 1.2 3D password state diagram

 Background of the study
Passwords have a long history, with origins in ancient times when secret passwords were used to
identify friend or foe. In the 1960s and 1970s, passwords gained prominence with the rise of
time-sharing systems. These early password systems relied on simple alphanumeric passwords.
As computer systems advanced, so did password cracking techniques, such as brute-force attacks
and dictionary attacks. To counter these threats, password complexity requirements were
implemented, including the use of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and special
characters.

Single-factor authentication based on text-based passwords became the norm for securing
computer systems. However, it had limitations, with users often choosing weak passwords and
passwords becoming compromised through phishing attacks or keyloggers. To address these
issues, multi-factor authentication (MFA) techniques were developed. MFA combines two or
more authentication factors, such as something the user knows, has, or is.

In 2007, the concept of 3D password was introduced as a novel approach to MFA. The 3D
password scheme aims to enhance security by incorporating additional dimensions beyond
traditional text-based passwords. In a 3D password system, users authenticate themselves using a
combination of multiple factors. This can include knowledge-based authentication (textual
passwords), biometrics (such as fingerprint or iris scan), and graphical passwords (using images
or shapes). The idea is to create a three-dimensional virtual environment where users interact
with objects or perform specific actions to authenticate themselves.

The 3D password scheme offers advantages such as a more intuitive and user-friendly
authentication experience compared to traditional methods. The inclusion of biometrics and
graphical passwords can also improve security. However, challenges exist, including ensuring
the usability of the system, addressing potential vulnerabilities in the virtual environment, and
developing efficient algorithms to handle the authentication process.

In conclusion, the concept of 3D password emerged as a response to the limitations of

traditional text-based passwords. By incorporating multiple factors and creating a three-
dimensional virtual environment, the 3D password scheme aims to enhance security and provide
a more user-friendly authentication experience. The 3D password builds upon the idea that
humans have a natural ability to remember and recognize spatial information more effectively
than traditional alphanumeric passwords. By leveraging this spatial cognition, the 3D password
introduces a new dimension to the authentication process. It allows users to define and interact
with a 3D virtual environment, where different authentication factors, such as gestures,
biometrics, and graphical objects, are associated with specific actions or locations. This approach
not only enhances the security of the authentication process but also introduces an intuitive and
user-friendly method that reduces the cognitive burden of remembering complex passwords.

Motivation
In today's digital landscape, the security of personal information and sensitive data is a
paramount concern. Organizing a seminar on the topic of 3D password authentication can serve
as a catalyst for driving awareness and understanding of this innovative approach to
authentication. By exploring the possibilities and benefits of 3D password systems,
participants will gain valuable insights into the potential of this emerging technology to enhance
security in various sectors. Firstly, the seminar will address the pressing need for stronger
authentication methods in today's digital landscape. With the increasing frequency and
sophistication of cyber-attacks, traditional password-based systems have proven to be
vulnerable to various forms of compromise. By highlighting the limitations of existing
authentication methods and showcasing the potential of the 3D password, the seminar will
motivate participants to explore alternative approaches that offer enhanced security and
protection for their sensitive data.

Lastly, the seminar will foster collaboration and knowledge exchange among participants. By
bringing together professionals, researchers, and practitioners from various backgrounds, the
seminar will create a platform for networking and sharing experiences. Attendees will have the
opportunity to learn from one another's perspectives, challenges, and success stories, thereby
fostering a collaborative environment that can drive further innovation and advancements in the
field of authentication. Overall, organizing a seminar on the topic of 3D password authentication
will not only address the pressing need for stronger authentication methods in today's digital
landscape but also equip participants with the knowledge and insights necessary to evaluate and
implement innovative solutions. By fostering awareness, collaboration, and knowledge
exchange, the seminar will contribute to the collective effort of creating a more secure and
resilient digital ecosystem.

Problem of 3D password
The use of 3D passwords is a promising approach to enhance the security of authentication
systems. Unlike traditional alphanumeric passwords, 3D passwords incorporate additional
dimensions such as time, location, and motion to create a more robust authentication mechanism.
However, there are certain challenges and problems associated with 3D passwords.

One of the main issues with 3D passwords is the complexity of implementation. Designing and
implementing a reliable 3D password system requires substantial expertise in various fields such
as computer graphics, computer vision, and user behavior analysis. It can be a challenging task to
develop an accurate and efficient system that can capture and interpret user actions in three
dimensions reliably. Another problem is the usability aspect of 3D passwords. While they have
the potential to provide enhanced security, they may also introduce usability issues for users.
Remembering and performing complex actions in three-dimensional space can be cumbersome
and time-consuming. Users might find it difficult to remember the exact sequence of actions
required to authenticate themselves, especially if the system demands a high level of precision.

Objectives
General Objective
The general objective of the seminar is to explore the concept of the 3D password and its
potential to enhance authentication security and makes the audience to know deeply about this
advanced security

Specific Objectives
1. To provide an overview of the 3D password concept, including its underlying principles and
technologies.
2. To examine real-world case studies and examples demonstrating the effectiveness of 3D
passwords in enhancing authentication security.
3. To discuss the potential advantages and limitations of implementing 3D passwords in various
domains, such as banking, healthcare, and online services.
4. To engage the audience in interactive sessions and practical demonstrations to deepen their
understanding of the 3D password concept and its application in different scenarios.

Scope
The seminar on the topic of 3D password authentication will cover a wide range of aspects
related to the concept, design, implementation, and evaluation of the 3D password system. It will
delve into the underlying principles of the 3D password, exploring its potential applications in
various domains such as finance, healthcare, e-commerce, and government sectors. The seminar
will also focus on the technical aspects of designing and implementing 3D virtual environments
for authentication purposes, including the integration of different authentication factors and user
experiences. Additionally, the seminar will discuss the security strengths and potential
vulnerabilities of the 3D password approach, enabling participants to understand its effectiveness
in mitigating common security threats.

Significance of study
The significance of conducting a seminar on the topic of 3D passwords encompasses several key
aspects. Firstly, 3D passwords offer the potential for enhanced authentication security by
incorporating multiple factors such as biometrics, graphical passwords, and traditional
alphanumeric passwords. By exploring and understanding the concept of 3D passwords,
participants can gain valuable insights into how this advanced security mechanism can provide
stronger protection against unauthorized access to sensitive information.

Secondly, seminars serve as a platform for raising awareness and disseminating knowledge about
emerging technologies and their implications. By organizing a seminar on 3D passwords,
participants can learn about an innovative approach to authentication security that they may not
be familiar with. This increased awareness empowers individuals and organizations to make
informed decisions about adopting and implementing 3D passwords in their respective domains,
thereby enhancing their overall security posture. Furthermore, understanding the concept of 3D
passwords and their practical applications can prove valuable for professionals in fields such as
cybersecurity, network administration, software development, and system architecture. By
attending the seminar, participants can gain practical insights into how 3D passwords can be
integrated into existing authentication systems, thereby strengthening security measures. This
knowledge equips individuals with the necessary tools to evaluate and implement 3D passwords
effectively, ensuring robust security measures within their organizations.

Limitations
While the seminar aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the 3D password system, it
is important to acknowledge certain limitations. Firstly, due to the time constraints of a seminar,
it may not be possible to delve into every technical detail or cover all potential application
scenarios of the 3D password. However, the seminar will provide a strong foundation and
overview of the topic, enabling participants to further explore specific areas of interest.

Secondly, the seminar may not address all possible challenges and limitations associated with the
implementation of the 3D password in real-world scenarios because it is not research at this
level. The practicality and feasibility of adopting the 3D password system may vary depending
on organizational requirements, infrastructure limitations, and user acceptance factors.
Nonetheless, the seminar will provide participants with insights and considerations to help them
assess the applicability of the 3D password in their respective contexts.
 CHAPTER TWO
LITRATURE REVIEW

Existing scholarly works relevant to the seminar topic of 3D password authentication

provide valuable insights into the principles, implementation, and evaluation of this
innovative authentication method. The literature review reveals a growing body of
research that explores the potential of the 3D password in enhancing security and user
experience in various domains. Also some scientific sources have contributed to the
understanding of the underlying principles and technical aspects of the 3D password. For
example, the work by (Monrose, 2000, February)introduced the concept of graphical
passwords, which laid the foundation for the development of the 3D password. This
research highlighted the advantages of graphical-based authentication methods and
sparked further investigation into incorporating spatial and visual elements into the
authentication process.
Academic articles have delved into the design considerations and implementation aspects
of the 3D password system. In their study, ( Gupta, S., Sahni, S., Sabbu, P., Varma, S., &
Gangashetty, S. V. Passblot., 2012.)proposed a framework for a 3D password system that
incorporated multiple authentication factors, including gestures, graphical objects, and
textual input. Their research explored the usability and security aspects of the 3D
password, providing insights into the effectiveness of different authentication factors and
their impact on user acceptance.

Books and scholarly publications have also contributed to the evaluation and analysis of
the 3D password system. For instance, the book "Advances in 3D Passwords" by (Ali, S.
S., Ganapathi, I. I., & Prakash, S. , (2019).)offers a comprehensive overview of the 3D
password approach, discussing its strengths, weaknesses, and potential applications. This
publication provides a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners seeking to
understand the current state of the art in 3D password authentication.
Furthermore, the literature review reveals a trend towards evaluating the security
strengths and vulnerabilities of the 3D password system. Studies such as the work by
(Izadeen, G. Y., & Ameen, S. Y. , 2021)have investigated the resilience of the 3D
password against various attacks, including shoulder surfing, dictionary attacks, and brute
force attacks. These research efforts highlight the need for continuous evaluation and
improvement of the 3D password to address potential security risks.

In conclusion, the existing scholarly works relevant to the seminar topic of 3D password
authentication provide a foundation for understanding and exploring this innovative
authentication method. Scientific sources, academic articles, and books have contributed
to the understanding of the underlying principles, design considerations, implementation
aspects, and security evaluation of the 3D password system. The literature review reveals
a growing body of research that showcases the potential of the 3D password to enhance
security and user experience, while also highlighting the need for further evaluation and
improvement in this field.
 Reference
Gupta, S., Sahni, S., Sabbu, P., Varma, S., & Gangashetty, S. V. Passblot. (2012.). A highly scalable
graphical one time password system. International Journal of Network Security & Its
Applications, 201.

Ali, S. S., Ganapathi, I. I., & Prakash, S. . ((2019).). Fingerprint shell with impregnable features. . Journal of
Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 4091-4104.

Davis, D., Monrose, F., & Reiter, M. K. . ( (2004, August)). On user choice in graphical password schemes.
In USENIX security symposium (Vol. 13, No. 2004, pp. 11-11).

Izadeen, G. Y., & Ameen, S. Y. . (2021). Smart android graphical password strategy: A review. Asian
Journal of Research in Computer Science, 59-69.

Kolhe, V. G. (2013). Secure authentication with 3D password. International Journal of Engineering

Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT) 2(2).

Monrose, F. &. (2000, February). Keystroke dynamics as a biometric for authentication. Future
Generation Computer Systems. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-739x(99)00059-x, 351–359.

Nikam, N. D. (2012, June 1.). Two Way Authentication System 3D Password-3 Levels of Security.
International Journal of Scientific Research, 3(1), 154–157.