SHIP CONSTRUCTION

THEORY (SECTION I & II)

DRY DOCK
Q1. A. Describe the preparation necessary before the application (in dry dock) of sophisticated or
approved long life coating to the underwater surface of the hull; (6)
B. State the significance of the roughness profile. (5)
C. List the different sophisticated costing which are available. (5)

Q2. With reference to dry docking, define the responsibilities of the Second Engineer and instructions
to Junior Engineers:
A. Prior to docking;
B. Whilst the vessel is in dry dock;
C. Prior to flooding and leaving the dock.

Q3. A. With reference to the underwater surface of a ship’s hull;

(i) Describe a hull plate roughness analyser system;
(ii) State the significance of the roughness profile and compare the typical roughness values for a new
ship and a ship eight years old;
B. Which reference to the application of self-polishing paint in dry dock –
(i) Describe the plate preparation necessary;
(ii) State the defects that may occur in the paint coating if it is not correctly applied.

Q4. With reference to Underwater Inspection in lieu of Dry docking (UWILD)

A. Explain in detail, how an underwater survey is carried out;
B. State the requirements to be fulfilled before an underwater survey is acceptable to the survey
authority.
C. Construct a list of the items in order of importance that the underwater survey authority should
include.

Q5. The Hull of a vessel in way of the purifier room requires extensive welding repairs and as a 2nd
Engineer officer you are required to supervise.
A. Suggest a suitable type of welding process.
B. State, with reasons, FOUR common welding defects.
C. State what tests may be carried out for the hull repair before returning the vessel to service.

Q6. A. Where on the hull plating would the following tests be carried out on the ship's hulls during
dry-dock. (i) Hammer; (ii) Hose; (8)
B. Briefly identify which part of the external plating of ship's bull requires the closest attention. (8)

STRESSES IN SHIP STRUCTURES

Q1. A. With reference to fatigue of engineering components explain the influence of stress level and
cyclical frequency on expected operating life.
B. Explain the influence of material defects on the safe operating life of an engineering component.
 SHIP CONSTRUCTION
THEORY (SECTION I & II)
C. State the factors which influence the possibility of fatigue cracking of a bed-plate transverse girder
and explain how the risk of such cracking can be minimized.

Q2. State how and why the following machinery items are affected when the maximum service speed
of a vessel is consistently maintained in heavy weather.
A. Intermediate shafting (4)
B. Propeller shafting (4)
C. Shafting coupling bolts (4)
D. Main thrust pads. (4)

Q3. A. The stresses acting on a ship during its lifetime can be divided into two categories, with respect
to still water stresses and dynamic stresses. State the different stresses in EACH category, explaining
how EACH stress is caused.
B. Explain how the structure is designed to combat longitudinal stresses.

CORROSION
Q1. With reference to the prevention of hull corrosion discuss:
A. Surface preparation and painting of new ship plates.
B. Design of the ships structure and its maintenance.
C. Cathodic protection by sacrificial anodes, of the internal and external areas of the ship.

FIRE & SAFETY

Q1. With regard to the carriage of crude oil and its associated products:
A. (i) Sketch and describe the operation of an explosimeter suitable for testing pump rooms or tanks.
(ii) State why false readings are likely to be given by the explosimeter.
B. State the publication that gives guidance on safety.

Q2. Regarding the carriage of crude oil and its associated products: (6)
A. (i) State the dangers involved.
(ii) State what publications give guidance on safety.
B. Sketch and describe the operation of an explosimeter suitable for testing pump rooms or tanks. (5)
C. Define the terms lower and upper flammable limits Illustrating your answer by means rough sketch
of a hydrocarbon vapour oxygen graph. (5)

BOTTOM & SIDE FRAMING

Q1. A. Describe the double bottom and framing arrangement used in the machinery space to cope up
with the concentrated loads and vibration, together with shaft and thrust block support.
B. Give reasons for the choice of thrust block position.

Q2. A. Describe the arrangement of tank top and double bottom in the machinery space making
particular reference to the structure and scantlings below the main engine.
 SHIP CONSTRUCTION
THEORY (SECTION I & II)
B. Show the method adopted in the arrangement of D.B. tanks to avoid contamination of fresh water,
fuel oil and lube oil stored in D.B. tanks.

Q3. A. List out the merits and demerits of longitudinal framing system. Explain which demerits of
longitudinal framing system are mitigated by use of mixed framing system without affecting the
merits?
B. List and explain with a sketch the type of loads and failure mechanism that would be of concerns for
the longitudinal strength of the hull girder of a bulk carrier.

SHELL & DECKS

Q1. A. Describe a method of the attachment of bilge keels;
B. State THREE reasons for not extending bilge keels the entire length of the vessel;
C. Evaluate the effectiveness of bilge keels for large wall sided vessels;
D. Explain TWO principles of roll damping those bilge keels exploit.

Q2. Give a reasoned opinion as to the validity of the following assertions concerning ship structure:
A. Crack propagation in propeller shaft ‘A’ brackets or spectacles frames is indicative of inadequate
scantlings and strength; (8)
B. The adequate provision of freeing ports is as critical to seaworthiness as watertight integrity. (8)

BULKHEADS & DEEP TANKS

(SECTION I)
Q1. A. Describe the arrangement made in a main structural bulkhead for a watertight door aperture. (5)
B. Explain a procedure for ensuring that sliding watertight doors are operated safely. (5)
C. Differentiate between the categories of watertight door and state the regulation pertaining each
type. (6)

Q2. A. Explain what is meant by permissible length of compartments in passenger ships;

B. Describe how the position of bulkheads is determined.
C. Describe briefly the significance of the factor of subdivision.

Q3. With regard to ship construction details for transverse watertight bulkheads: -
A. State the purpose of this type of bulkhead;
B. State how the bulkheads are tested for water tightness;
C. If it is necessary to penetrate the bulkhead, precaution must be taken to ensure that the watertight
integrity and the strength of the bulkhead is maintained. In view of above, describe, using simple
sketches, how the following pass through bulkheads. (i) Main transmission shaft; (ii) Electrical cables;
(iii) Fuel oil transfer pipes; (iv) Air and sounding pipes.

Q4. What do you understand by margin line? With a neat diagram explain following terms:
A. Floodable length curve
 SHIP CONSTRUCTION
THEORY (SECTION I & II)
B. Permissible length curve
C. Factor of subdivision
(SECTION II)
1. Describe how bulkheads are tested.
2. Describe how water tightness is maintained where bulkheads are pierced by longitudinal beams or
pipes.
3. Describe briefly the significance of the factor of subdivision.
4. Explain the purpose of non-watertight longitudinal subdivision of tanks.
5. Explain what is meant by floodable length.

FORE END ARRANGEMENTS

Q1. Draw and describe the construction of a forepeak tank. Explain how the effects of panting and
pounding are taken care with help of neat sketches.

Q2. A. Explain the purposes of the collision bulkhead. Describe with the aid of sketches the
construction of a collision bulkhead paying particular attention to the strength and attachment to the
adjacent structure.
B. Define "Pounding". Describe with the aid of sketches the arrangement provided to resist pounding.

OIL TANKERS AND BULK CARRIERS

Q1. A. Draw the mid ship section of a double hull oil tanker & name each part.
B. What is Bow Flare? Why is it so important in Bulk Carriers?

Q2. A. Define the purpose of cofferdams,

B. State where cofferdams are most likely to be found on:
(i) Dry cargo ships; (ii) Oil tankers.
C. (i) State what information is available about danger of entering void spaces.
(ii) Identify, with reasons, the precaution to be observed before and during entry to cofferdams.

Q3. A. Sketch the cross-section of a bulk carrier with either deep or shallow double bottom showing
the type of framing used;
B. Describe the corrosion problems experienced with ballast tanks;
C. state how such tanks are protected against extensive corrosion.

Q4. With reference to Crude Oil Carriers

A. Explain Each of the following.
(i) Segregated Ballast Tanks (3)
(ii) Clean Ballast Tanks (2)
(iii) Protective Locations (3)
B. (i) Explain the Crude oil Washing System for cargo tank cleaning. (4)
(ii) State the advantages of Crude Oil Washing. (4)
 SHIP CONSTRUCTION
THEORY (SECTION I & II)
LPG & LNG CARRIERS
Q1. List SIX hazards that arise with the carriage of liquefied gas in bulk. Describe, with the aid of a
sketch, the details of construction of a prismatic cargo tank within a gas carrier designed to carry
liquefied gas (LPG). (16)

Q2. With reference to membrane tanks for the carriage of liquefied gas at very low temperatures;
A. Describe with a sketch one method of building up the insulation;
B. State which alloy is used for the membrane and the reason;
C. Explain why a secondary barrier is installed i) longitudinally; ii) transversely.

Q3. A. Define critical temperature and boiling point and hence show how some liquefied gases may be
transported fully pressurized, whilst others need to be carried fully refrigerated.
B. State the basic differences in construction of fully pressurized and fully refrigerated systems for the
carriage of liquefied gas at sea.
C. Compare the membrane tank and independent tank systems of construction.

Q4. Describe with the aid of diagrammatic sketches the following systems used for transporting
liquefied gas in bulk:
A. Free-standing prismatic tanks
B. Membrane tanks.
C. Free-standing spherical tanks.

CONTAINER SHIPS
Q1. Container ships have very large cargo hatch openings.
A. Describe how this ship type is susceptible to torsion and how the structure is designed to combat
torsional stress.
B. Describe the problem created by discontinuities in longitudinal structure.
C. State THREE points of discontinuity, in any ship type, describing how the problems are overcome.

Q2. With reference to cargo hatch covers on large container ships;

A. Describe how they are tested for water tightness
B. Explain how the weight of the hatch and containers is transferred to the ship's structure whilst
allowing for deflections of the hull in a seaway
C. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the type and location of damage that can occur due to wear of the
hatch supporting arrangements.

Q3. A. Sketch a transverse section through the hold space of a container ship hull;
B. Referring to the sketch in (A) describe how adequate structural strength is built into the hull.

ROLL ON & ROLL OFF VESSELS

Q1. With reference to Roll-on Roll-off ferries.
 SHIP CONSTRUCTION
THEORY (SECTION I & II)
A. Describe the problem of free surface effect;
B. Explain how it is intended that water should be cleared from car or cargo decks;
C. Describe possible methods for improving the stability and survivability of these vessels.

FREEBOARD, TONNAGE & CLASS

Q1. With reference to statutory certification;
A. State the reasons for the freeboard requirements. (6)
B. (i) Explain the term conditions of assignments; (5)
(ii) List the items that may be examined during a related survey. (5)

Q2. Foreign going vessels are required to possess a valid safety equipment certificate renewed at
intervals after survey of the safety equipment.
A. Compile a list of items that are contained in the safety equipment survey. (8)
B. From the list compiled in (A) select TWO ship systems, explain now they would be examined and
identify possible defects. (8)

Q3. A. State the reasons for the freeboard requirement,

B. Explain the term condition of assignment and explain how these are maintained for a ship.
C. Using a diagram indicate the freeboard of type A, type B, type B60 and type B100 vessels giving an
example of each type.

Q4. With reference to the classification of ships, explain each of the following:
A. Why ships are built to classification society rules?
B. The meaning of the notation 100A1.
C. How a ship remains in class throughout the life of the vessel?

VIBRATION
Q1. With respect to Induced Vibrations in a ship’s hull:
A. State FOUR sources of excitation that may induce vibration into the main hull girder;
B. Suggest methods for reducing the vibration levels induced by EACH of the exciting forces in A.

SHIPYARD PRACTICE
(SECTION I)
Q1. Discuss the importance of the following to be examined for meeting EEDI limitations: A. Slimmer
vessels with lower block coefficients; B. Long-Stroke engines; C. Low revolution large diameter
propellers.

Q2. With the help of sketches explain the different types of strakes used in ship construction. What
material is generally used for hull plating and what are the tests carried out on hull steel plating for
certification as per class rules?
 SHIP CONSTRUCTION
THEORY (SECTION I & II)

(SECTION II)
1. With the aid of sketches, explain various lines plan.

UMS
Q1. With reference to a periodically unattended machinery space of a dry cargo vessel discusses the
requirements for;
A. Protection against flooding;
B. Control of propulsion machinery from the navigating bridge.

SHIP OPERATION
Q1. Vessel has gone through very heavy weather. On arrival at safe anchorage, chief engineer
instructed you to carryout inspection to determine damages to hull. As a 2nd engineer of this vessel,
A. List the areas you will inspect.
B. List your findings of any significance.
C. Write a report to company suggesting repairs if any.

MISCELLANEOUS
Q1. Discuss the need for adequate support of engine room gantry cranes, detailing the following
A. Sketch section through the engine room casing showing how the crane is supported by the ship
structure;
B. State what restricts the forward and aft limits of the crane and what is fitted to prevent the crane
damaging the forward and aft bulkheads or casing.
C. State the Second Engineer’s responsibilities for the engine room gantry crane.

Q2. Describe a forced ventilation system for the machinery spaces and a natural ventilation system for
a lower hold. Why hold ventilation is considered necessary?