132/1-Mock Examination 2022

PRESIDENT’S OFFICE
REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
ADVANCED CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION
MOCK EXAMINATION SOUTHERN ZONE
(MTWARA AND LINDI)

132/1 CHEMISTRY 1
(For Both School and Private Candidates)

Time: 3 Hours Wednesday, 02nd February, 2022 a.m.

Instructions

1. This paper consists of sections A and B with a total of ten(10) questions.

2. Answer ALL questions in section A and two(2) questions from section B.
3. Mathematical tables and non-programable calculators may be used.
4. Cellular phones and any unauthorized materials are not allowed in the
examination room.
5. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).
6. The following information may be used.
(a) Universal gas constant, R=8.314JK−1 mol−1 or 0.0821atmdm3 mol−1 .
(b) Rydberg constant RH = 1.09678 × 107 m−1
(c) standard pressure =1 atm=760mmHg=1.0× 105 N/m2
(d) 1 Mass of electron= 9.11 × 10−31 kg
(e) Density of water= 1g/cm3
(f) Velocity of light, C= 3.0 × 108 m/s
(g) Avogadron’s constant =6.022×1023 mol−1
(h) 1Å= 1.0 × 10−10 m
(i) Planks constant, h= 6.63 × 10−34 Js
(e) Atomic masses
H=1, C=12, O=16, N=14, Cl=35.5, Br=80, Na=23.

This paper consists of six printed pages

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132/1-Mock Examination 2022

SECTION A (70 MARKS)

1. (a) Differentiate
(i) Emission spectra and absorption spectra
(ii) Line spectra and continuous spectra
(iii) Atomic orbital and degenerate orbital (03 marks)
(b) What is the wavelength of a photon (in nanometers) emitted during a
transition from the fifth to second energy levels in hydrogen atom? To what
region of the spectrum does this wavelength correspond? (04 marks)
(c) Suppose that the uncertainty in determining the position of an electron
circling an atom in an orbit is 0.4Å. What is the uncertainty in the velocity?
(03 marks)
2. (a) What do you understand by
(i) Octet rule
(ii) hybridization of atomic orbital
(iii) Orbital (03 marks)
(b) Using sketches, briefly explain three possible overlaps that can lead to
formation of a sigma bond
(c) Give two reasons for the observed difference in bond strength between sigma
and pi bonds in compounds.
(d) Predict the geometry of water, basing on the valence shell Electron pair
Repulsion (VSEPR) theory.
3. (a) What do you understand by lattice enthalpy? What is its significance?
(02 marks)
(b) Some values of lattice enthalpies/kJ/mol are NaCl-771, KCl-707, NaF-918,
CsF-747, NaI-699, MgO-3791, BaO-3054. Comment on differences of lattice
enthalpies of
(i) NaCl and KCl
(ii) NaCl and NaF
(iii) MgOand BaO
(iv) NaCl and MgO (04 marks)

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(c) Construct a Born-Haber cycle, and use it to calculate the standard lattice
energy of cadmium (II) iodide
Cd(s) −→ Cd(g) ∆H = +113kJ/mol
Cd(g) −→ Cd + 2e− ∆H = +2490kJ/mol
I2(s) −→ I2(g) ∆H = +19.4kJ/mol
I2(g) −→ 2I(g) ∆H = +151kJ/mol
I(g) + e− −→ I−
(g) ∆H = −314kJ/mol

Cd(s) + I2(s) −→ CdI(s) ∆H = −201kJ/mol

(04 marks)
4. (a) (i) What is an ideal gas?
(ii) The pressure exerted by 12g of an ideal gas at temperature t◦ C in a vessel
of volume V litres is one atmosphere. When the temperature is increases
by 10%. Calculate the temperature t and volume V. Molecular mass of
the gas = 120u (04 12 marks)
(b) Two flasks at the same temperature are joined by a glass tube with a stopcock.
Flask A is a 4.0L flask containing N2(g) at 2.0 atm, while flask B is a 10.0L
flask containing carbon monoxide gas at 1.4 atm. calculate the total pressure
when the stopcock is opened. (02 12 marks)
(c) A straight glass tube has two inlets X and Y at the two ends. The length of
the tube is 50cm. HCl gas through the inlet X and NH3 gas through the inlet
Y are allowed to enter the tube at the same time. White fumes first appear at
a point P inside the tube. Find the distance of P from X (03 marks)
5. (a) The Oxo-acids have acidity strength in the order HClO4 >H2 SO4 >H3 PO4 .
Explain the trend of acidity of these oxo-acids. (03 marks)
(b) With the aid of chemical equation (s) explain how you can prepare soluble
chlorides. (04 marks)
(c) by the aid of chemical equations describe the following
(i) Basic oxides
(ii) Amphoteric oxides
(iii) Acidic oxides (03 marks)
6. (a) Explain the following
(i) Homogeneous catalyst
(ii) Heterogeneous equilibrium
(iii) Dynamic equilibrium (03 marks)

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(b) Consider the following gas phase reaction equilibrium involving N2 O4 .

Reaction 1: N2 O4(g) 2NO2(g) k1 = 0.115
Reaction 2: 2N2 O4(g) 2N2 O(g) k2 = 1.37 × 10−1
Determine the equilibrium constant of the reaction.
4NO2(g) 2N2 O(g) +3O2(g) k3 =? (03 marks)
(c) At the start of a reaction, there are 0.249 mol N2 , 3.21 × 10−2 mol H2 , and
6.42 × 10−4 mol NH3 in a 3.50L reaction vessel at 375◦ C. If the equilibrium
constant (kc) for the reaction N2(g) +3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
is 1.2 at this temperature, decide whether the system is at equilibrium. If it is
not, predict which way the net reaction will proceed to achieve equilibrium.
(04 marks)
7. (a) Distinguish sigma bond from pi bond (03 marks)
(b) Predict the shapes of the following molecules using VSEPR theory
(i) AsF5
(ii) PCl3
(iii) SF6 (03 marks)
(c) (i) Although both CO2 and H2 O are triatomic molecules, the shape of H2 O
molecule is bent while that of CO2 is linear. Explain this on basis of
dipole moment.
(ii) Write two significance of dipole moment. (04 marks)

SECTION B (30 MARKS)

8. (a) Account for the following

(i) Benzene undergo addition reactions under harsh conditions.
(ii) Nucleophilicity of benzene is affected by the substituent attached to it
(iii) Halogens are deactivators but direct the coming electrophiles to ortho and
para positions. (03 marks)
(b) Compound A, C7 H14 is treated with bromine in presence dichloromethane to
give B, C7 H14 Br2 . Compound B is treated with NaOH in presence of ethanol
followed by NaNH2 resulting in the formation of C. Compound C react with
hydrogen in presence nickel catalyst to form 2-methlyhexane. Compound
C have no reaction with ammoniacal silver nitrate. Ozonolysis of A gives
aldehyde D and ethanal . Deduce the structure formula of A, B, C and D.
Write all the chemical reactions. (05 marks)

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(c) Three hydrocarbons, D, E and F, all have the molecular formula C6 H12 . D
decolourises an aqueous solution of bromine and shows geometric
isomerism. E also decolourises an aqueous solution of bromine but does not
show geometric isomerism. F does not decolourises an aqueous solution of
bromine. Draw the structural formula of D, E and F. Write all the chemical
reaction. (02 12 marks)
(d) How the following conversion can be achieved in not more than four steps.
(i) Butylchloride to But-1-yne (01 12 marks)
(ii) Ethene to benzene (01 12 marks)
(iii) But-1-ene to Butan-2-one. (01 12 marks)
9. (a) Explain the difference between the boiling temperatures of the following
compounds:
COMPOUND MOLAR MASS/gmol−1 BOILING POINT/◦ C
C5 H12 72 36
C3 H7 Cl 79 46
C3 H8 44 -42

(01 12 marks)
(b) Arrange the following products according to the percentage (%) yield
obtained from the nitration of ter-butylbenzene. Justify the order.
C̃(CH3 )3 C̃(CH3 )3 C̃(CH3 )3

NO2 NO2
NO2
A B C (03 marks)
(c) Write complete mechanisms for the following reactions.
O
O C CH3
AlCl3
(i) + C −−−−→ + HCl
C H3 Cl
CH2 CH3
AlCl3
(ii) + CH3 CH2 Cl −−−−→ + HCl (06 marks)
(d) Give one chemical test to distinguish the following
(i) But-2-ene and butane
(ii) Benzylchloride and chlorobenzene
(iii) 1-chloropropane, 2-chloropropane and 2-chloro-2methylpropane
(04 12 marks)

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10. (a) Define the following terms

(i) Liming
(ii) Cation exchange capacity
(iii) Percentage base saturation
(iv) macronutrients (04 marks)
(b) A soil sample was collected from certain farm for laboratory analysis. After
being analyzed the soil had the following exchangeable cations.
Ca2+ = 30meq/100g
Mg2+ = 16meq/100g
K+ = 39meq/100g
H+ = 4meq/100g
How many milligrams of these elements were in the soil and what is the
percentage base saturation of the soil sample (PBS). (07 marks)
(c) Mention four (4) factors which influence the soil acidity. (02 marks)
(d) (i) What are the benefits of liming? (mention any four) (02 marks)
(ii) Not all calcium and magnesium compounds are suitable for liming.
Explain (02 marks)

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