Indian Ocean Seabird Group

Newsletter n°12
 IOSG NEWSLETTER n° 12 November 2023
Coordinators / Editors:
Sabine Orlowski sabine.orlowski@univ-reunion.fr
Matthieu Le Corre lecorre@univ-reunion.fr

EDITO 7th International Albatross and Petrel

Conference
Dear seabird lovers, here is the twelfth issue of
the Indian Ocean Seabird Group newsletter!

As usual, we have seabird news from all the region

including Madagascar, Seychelles, Australia,
Réunion and India.

Many thanks to all the contributors and please

continue to send us your articles.

Enjoy the reading and we look forward to

receiving your next contributions.

Sabine & Matthieu

IAPC7 will be hosted by the Mexican

ANNOUNCEMENTS environmental NGO Grupo de Ecología y
st
51 annual meeting of the Pacific Seabird Conservación de Islas (GECI) in collaboration with
Group Pacific Rim Conservation, the Seabird Ecology Lab,
University of Barcelona and The World Seabird
Union.

More information here:

https://acap.aq/fr/actualites/meetings-and-
events/iapc7-7th-international-albatross-and-
petrel-conference

MEMBERS CONTRIBUTIONS

1°) Massive poaching of Red-tailed

The annual meeting will be held in Seattle on 21 Tropicbirds (Phaethon rubricauda) at
to 23 February 2024 and the theme will be “Faces Nosy Ve, Toliara, Madagascar
of seabird conservation”.
Anasvaler Mbelomanana, Matthieu Le Corre,
Early bird registration is now open. Amelie Landy Soambola, Etienne Bemanaja
& Felirija Andrianatoavina
More information here:
https://psg.wildapricot.org/Annual-Meeting Nosy Ve (23°37 S; 43°34 E) is a small (30 ha)
tropical islet located 3.5 km off the village of
Anakao, 40 km south of Tulear, Madagascar. It is a
sacred islet (Fady) and the only known breeding
site of the Red-tailed Tropicbird in Madagascar. As
a sacred islet, no hunting or egg harvest is allowed
and people are not permitted to camp on the
islet.

Nosy Ve is managed by the local association

FIMIMANO (FIkambanana MIaro sy
MAmpandroso an’i Nosy Ve) since 1998. Since
2019, the islet is included in the PIC Project (Pôles
Intégrés de Croissance). The PIC conducts
numerous actions in the Country to improve the
quality of ecotourism offers (strengthening Pair of Red-tailed Tropicbirds in chick breeding at Nosy Ve
management structures, upgrading (© Anasvaler Mbelomanana).
infrastructures, capacity building of stakeholders
and operational management, more information However, this situation may change abruptly. On
here: https://www.pic.mg/). early January 2023 fishermen of Anakao found
evidences of a massive poaching event. According
Rats have been eradicated from the island in 2000 to members of FIMIMANO, local authorities and
by the NGO Frontiers, and since that time the to the Ministry of Fisheries and Blue Economy,
Red-tailed Tropicbird population has increased about 80 dead adult Red-tailed Tropicbirds were
from 20 pairs in the 80ies to more than 750 pairs found, most at an illegal camp place and others
in 2018. This great conservation success is scattered over the island. All birds showed
undoubtedly due to the community-based obvious signs of poaching (broken wings, body
protection of the islet (the Fady) and to the removed). Among these dead adults, at least five
eradication of rats. Nosy Ve is currently the only were banded. They have been banded by us on
seabird breeding place in Madagascar with such a the island between 2010 and 2019.
positive trend. It is also one of the very few
islands of the Indian Ocean where visitors can Local authorities and the police conducted an
admire this spectacular species. investigation and arrested nine fishermen from
another village suspected of having committed
this poaching. The suspects were temporarily
placed into custody, and then finally released
750 because of lack of sufficient charges against them.
669 Various measures have been taken to deal with
544
493
this situation. First of all, the local authorities set
452 up a police station in the village to strengthen the
334 339
247 security of the region, including Nosy Ve and its
2 40 40 45 40 68 85 176 97 137 128 biodiversity, in collaboration with the FIMIMANO.
The monitoring and control of visits and passages
to Nosy Ve are thus reinforced. A public
awareness campaign in favour of biodiversity and
tourism will be conducted locally.
Numeric evolution of Red-tailed Tropicbird population
at Nosy Ve.
The restructuration of FIMIMANO may be needed,
by involving the population of neighbouring
villages (Soalara-Sud, Saint Augustin, ...) in the
management of Nosy Ve. We all hope that this
massive poaching will never happen again!

2
 canopies of tall trees, mainly Terminalia catappa,
which had shed leaves as is normal during the
south-east trade wind season.

Corpses of red-tailed tropicbird, at Nosy Ve

(© Anakao Municipality).

Lesser Noddies nesting densely in the crown of a tall

Terminalia tree, Denis Island, 30 July 2022 (© Chris Feare).

There have been no censuses of the White Tern

Visit of the FIMIMANO and local authorities investigating
the causes of the massacre of red-tailed tropicbirds, at population on Denis Island, but the subjective
Nosy Ve (© Anakao Municipality). impression during our visit was that numbers had
increased greatly since 2015, to the extent that
the White Tern is now the most abundant, most
2°) Have seabirds benefitted from the widespread and most conspicuous seabird on the
eradication of Common Mynas on Denis island.
Island, Seychelles?
We have no direct evidence that increases in both
Chris Feare & Christine Larose species resulted from the myna eradication.
However, mynas are known predators of seabird
The eradication of Common Mynas from Denis eggs and pairs of mynas work together to disturb
Island, Seychelles, completed in 2015, was aimed incubating birds, facilitating egg predation, as has
at securing populations of four Seychelles been frequently seen on neighbouring Bird Island.
endemic land bird species that had been Mynas might have prevented the initiation of
introduced to Denis Island to establish insurance successful breeding of Lesser Noddies, but they
populations. The eradication achieved this began breeding on Bird Island in the 1980s, in the
objective (Bird Conservation International pp. 1 – presence of mynas. Once established, Lesser
21.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959270921000 Noddies nest densely and exhibit communal
435), but in 2014, when few mynas were left, defense when mynas approach nests, and larger
there were some indications that Lesser Noddies colonies might thus be more resilient to myna
and White Terns might also be benefitting from presence. White Terns nest at lower densities;
the eradication. Two small (10-15 pairs) groups of furthermore, they do not nest colonially or
Lesser Noddies bred for the first time, and White synchronously. During our 2022 visit all stages of
Terns, formerly nesting mainly in tall Casuarina breeding were apparent, from courtship to chick
trees, had begun nesting in lower vegetation and fledging. They have less tendency to mount
appeared to be more abundant than previously. communal defense and it is easier to understand
We revisited Denis Island in July 2022 to see if how they might have benefitted from myna
there had been further changes in seabird removal.
populations.
We are grateful to the owners of Denis Island and the NGO
Green Islands Foundation for making our visit possible.
Both founder Lesser Noddy colonies had
increased substantially in nest numbers, with
estimates of 650 and 530 nests, and in the
number of trees occupied. All nests were in the
3
 3°) Indigenous-led expedition to remote
Salisbury Island, Western Australia in
search of burrowing seabirds

Jennifer L. Lavers, Terrence Yorkshire Jr., Malachi

Riley, Alaneo Gloor & David Guilfoyle

In Western Australia lies the Recherche

Archipelago, a chain of more than 100
uninhabited islands extending over 230 km of
pristine coastline. Most of the islands are difficult
to access due to the lack of safe landing and the
harsh conditions often offered up by the Southern
Ocean. Of the islands, Salisbury stands out as one Stunning vegetation along the southern ridgeline, Salisbury
Island, November 2022 (© Jennifer L. Lavers).
of the most remote and untouched, being 50 km
offshore and requiring around 12 hours sailing
At the top of the Salisbury’s cliffs the following
from the nearest town, Kepa Kurl/Esperance. The
morning we stood, scratched and bruised catching
remote location has meant Salisbury’s natural
our breath after pushing through dense, woody
history is relatively poorly documented.
scrub. In total, it took our team eight hours to
bush-bash our way across the island. After hours
Historical records suggest Salisbury is unlikely to
of searching for burrows large enough to fit a
be home to burrow-nesting seabirds. However,
shearwater, we’d almost given up hope when one
given the paucity of brief and often incomplete
of our Indigenous Rangers (Terrence) alerted to
surveys (most recent was 1982) and abundance of
the presence of three large burrows along the cliff
seabird breeding islands in the immediate vicinity,
edge. Anticipation was high, but alas, no
we felt another survey could be beneficial.
shearwaters were home (despite it being the
Furthermore, the dominant seabird species in the
breeding season) and no additional burrows were
Archipelago, the Yowli/Flesh-footed Shearwater
detected.
(Ardenna carneipes) is thought to be in decline,
thus identifying which islands the species breeds
on is essential to estimating total population size.

The survey team (center image) looking south-west over

Salisbury Island, November 2022 (© Alaneo Gloor). Terrence and Alaneo documenting a White-bellied Sea Eagle
nest in a cave high up on a cliff. Salisbury Island, November
In late-November 2022 we set sail for Salisbury 2022 (© Jennifer L. Lavers).
Island. We were hopeful the rough seas would be
at our tail, but the winds swung around and from Acknowledgements: Doc Reynolds (Senior Cultural
the moment we departed, it was clear getting to Advisor), Captain Andy Edwards (Keshi Mer), Dr Tim
Salisbury wasn’t going to be easy. As if to Langois (University of Western Australia), and Matt
reinforce this message, almost as soon as we’d Blyth (Millstream Productions). Funding provided by
ETNTAC, National Environmental Science Program, and
arrived at Salisbury we departed again, setting sail
Our Marine Parks Grant.
for Middle Island where we would meet a
helicopter to evacuate one of our team members.
Salisbury would have to wait another day.

4
4°) Not albino, an 'ino'. Farquhar Atoll of Farquhar Atoll since the conservation centre
Seychelles reports an 'ino' Sooty Tern opening in 2015. The survival rate is higher in
‘ino’ birds compared to albino birds, therefore the
team is hoping to see “Tidilé” return to Farquhar
Jake Letori, Aurelie Hector & Annie Gendron
someday.

There are over 232 thousand pairs of Sooty Terns

(Onychoprion fuscatus) on Farquhar Atoll, located
770 km southwest of Victoria, the capital of
Seychelles. The atoll is a hub for various seabird
and shorebirds that breed and roost throughout
the year.

With a team of three conservationists, the Island

Conservation Society (ICS) monitors the different
species on the atoll. It was during a fieldwork The white Sooty Tern spotted, expressing an “ino” color
mission for a PhD student on Ile aux Goëlettes mutation (© Annie Gendron).
that the team spotted something unusual, an all-
white Sooty Tern within the last cohort of
fledglings. 5°) A Barau's Petrel in an unsual place

Sarah Caceres, Jane Cozette, Frédéric Robert

& Jean-François Cornuaille

On 9 March of 2021, a Barau’s Petrel (Pterodroma

baraui) was recorded with a Browning Dark Ops
Pro XD trail camera at Piton Bleu, Plaine des
Cafres, Le Tampon in Reunion Island
(21°9’28.15’’S, 55°33’27.67’’E). The bird was
recorded by trail camera during the night,
between 00.43 and 1.03 hrs. The trail camera was
The white Sooty Tern spotted (© Annie Gendron). located at an altitude of 1 705 m, at the top of a
steep mound surrounded by a rivulet, in an
Sooty Terns are black on top and white below. upland tropical rainforest in which Alsophila
The team managed to get closer and photograph glaucifolia (Cyatheaceae) and Weinmannia
the bird. Images were sent to the Seychelles Bird tinctoria (Cunoniaceae) are the dominant plants.
Record Committee for identification, and to The trail camera was placed at c. 30 cm height,
experts at the Natural History Museum based in aiming at the ground, and deployed from August
the United Kingdom. On closer inspection the bird 2019 to July 2022, as part of a study on Tailless
had a creamy brown colour on its wings and tail tenrec (Tenrec ecaudatus).
feathers, resulting from a reduction in eumelanin
(which causes black, grey and brown feathers),
scientists from both countries agreed that the
juvenile Sooty Tern expressed an ‘ino’ colour
mutation, rather than an albino as originally
thought.

'Ino' birds share similarities with albino birds,

having red eyes, pale skin, beaks, and legs, but,
due to a tiny amount of eumelanin in the eyes
their vision is not compromised unlike albinos. Barau’s Petrel photographed with a camera trap at Piton Bleu
Interestingly, due to the nature of this mutation, (© FDC 974 / OFB).
‘Ino’ birds are always female. The team on
Farquhar named her “Tidilé”, meaning small milk.
“Tidilé” was the first of its kind to be recorded on
5
Barau’s Petrels breed during austral summer, in harvesting (Mondreti et al. 2018) formed the
the colonies on the massifs of Piton des Neiges foundation of the present work.
and Grand Benare, between 2 200 and 3 000 m
altitude. They join the colony in September, chicks
hatch in December and fledge in April, and adults
leave the chicks in late March. During the chick-
rearing period, adults regularly travel from their
colony to the ocean for foraging (Pinet 2012;
Virion et al. 2021). Piton Bleu is located at 10 km
from the nearest known colony for the species.
This observation of Barau’s Petrel has been the
only one recorded at this site between August
2019 and July 2022 and no indication of nesting
petrels was found. Fig.1. Study area showing location of Pitti and Kavaratti
islands within the Lakshwadeep Archipelago (India).
This petrel may have been attracted by artificial
lights (Le Corre et al. 2002; Chevillon et al. 2022), Interviewees were asked the following questions
although the presence of a small unknown colony 1. Whether they favoured seabird egg collection?
nearby cannot be excluded. 2. Whether seabird conservation is important for
them? I used a structured questionnaire
References containing both closed and open-ended
Chevillon, L., Tourmetz, J., Dubos, J., Soulaimana-Mattoir, Y., questions. Participants were between the ages of
Hollinger, C., Pinet, P., Couzi, F.-X., Riethmuller, M. & Le
Corre, M. 2022. 25 years of light-induced petrel groundings in
14 and 80. Interviews were conducted in the
Reunion Island: Retrospective analysis and predicted trends. native language with the help of a local translator
Global Ecology and Conservation 38: e02232. and a field assistant.
Le Corre, M., Ollivier, A., Ribes, S. & Jouventin, P. 2002. Light-
induced mortality of petrels: a 4-year study from Réunion
During the survey, 576 (72%) participants
Island (Indian Ocean). Biological Conservation 105 (1): 93–
102. acknowledged their involvement either in
Pinet, P. 2012. Biologie, écologie et conservation d’un oiseau harvesting or trade of seabird eggs. 319 (40%)
marin endémique de La Réunion : le Pétrel de barau participants were either directly or indirectly
(Pterodroma baraui). Thèse de Doctorat de l’Université de La involved in egg harvesting. However, a significant
Réunion, 304p.
Virion, M.-C., Faulquier, L., Le Corre, M., Couzi, F.-X.,
proportion (n=264, 33%) of the respondents were
Salamolard, M., Lequette, B., Pinet, P., Dubos, J., Riethmuller, neutral in their support for seabird conservation.
M., Soulaimana Mattoir, Y., Verbeke, G., Lefeuvre, A., Payet, Most participants were in the age group of 25 and
C., Caceres, S., Caumes, C., Souharce, P., Humeau, L. & 64. 72% of middle-aged participants supported
Jaeger, A. 2021. Plan National d’Actions en faveur des pétrels
seabird conservation, while only 50% of young
endémiques de La Réunion 2021-2030. Université de La
Réunion / Société d’Études Ornithologiques de La Réunion / aged group participants did (Fig. 2). 39% of the
Parc national de La Réunion, 164 pp. middle-aged participants have supported egg
collection while 35% of young participants did
(Fig. 3).
6°) Knowledge and perceptions of local
people towards seabird conservation in
the Lakshadweep Islands, India

Ravichandra Mondreti

I interviewed 800 individuals (377 were females

and 423 were males) in the Kavaratti Island,
Lakshadweep archipelago, India (Fig. 1). Kavaratti
is the nearest inhabited island, located at a Fig.2(left). Participant age groups [Young (18-24) – 170,
distance of 24 km from the Pitti Island, a key Middle (25-64) - 590, Old (65 & above) - 28] and support for
seabird conservation.
pelagic seabird colony in the Eastern Indian Fig.3(right). Participant age groups [Young (18-24) – 170,
Ocean. A previous study on illegal seabird egg Middle (25-64) - 590, Old (65 & above) - 28] and seabird egg
collection.

6
84 % of male participants were supporting seabird 7°) A first-year White-tailed Tropicbird
conservation while only 47% of female travels 3000 km from Seychelles to
participants were doing so (Fig. 4). 20% of the
Malvan, India
total participants belong to fisherfolk community,
whose primary occupation was fishing. 97% of
them supported seabird conservation (Fig. 5) Mrugank Prabhu, Mark Brown & Hasan Khan
while only 63% of fisherfolk supported egg
collection (Fig. 6). The White-tailed Tropicbird (Phaethon lepturus) is
a majestic seabird known for its distinct white
plumage and elongated tail feathers. It is primarily
distributed across tropical and subtropical regions
of the world's oceans. In the Indian Ocean, its
range extends from the eastern coast of Africa to
the islands of the Indian Ocean, including the
Maldives, Seychelles, and the Chagos Archipelago.
Along the Indian coastline, the bird is commonly
sighted in the Lakshadweep Islands and
occasionally in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
(Fishpool et al. 2021).

There have been sporadic sightings of the White-

tailed Tropicbird along the Indian coast over the
Fig.4. Gender-wise support for seabird conservation. years. These sightings often occur during the
bird’s migratory period or when individuals are
pushed closer to the coast by strong winds or
storms.

Published records of sightings include a pair of

birds in flight at Rameshwaram, Tamilnadu on the
south-eastern coast of India on 1 April 1989
(Balachandran 1992); an exhausted immature bird
found and rehabilitated 50km inland at Palavayal,
about 84 km NE of Kannur town in northern
Kerala, in January 2010 (Palot 2011); two sightings
Fig.5(left). Relation between occupation and seabird of an adult bird in February 2012 in pelagic waters
conservation (fisherfolk 153, Non fisherfolk 635). off the north-western coast of India, in the
Fig.6(right). Relation between occupation and seabird egg
northern Arabian Sea 121 km west of the coast of
collection.
Maharashtra (Jamalabad 2013); specimens
collected from Ross Island, Andamans, and far
This study is a preliminary effort to understand inland from Cachar, Assam (Rasmussen &
peoples’ perception towards seabird Anderton 2005); a single bird seen by Lindsay J.
conservation. It indicates both the dependency of McDougall, flying close to the beach at Kovalam,
local people on seabird eggs while supporting Kerala on 2 March 2006 (Sashikumar et al. 2011).
seabird conservation.
In one such similar incidence along the west coast
The author has presented the study results in the of India following the biparjoy storm, a ringed
3rd World Seabird Conference (2021) and is White-tailed Tropicbird was recovered in
currently working towards a peer reviewed Dhuriwada area, Malvan taluka of Sindhudurg
manuscript. district on 25th of June 2023. The bird was ringed
as a chick by Mark Brown at Cousine Island in
Seychelles on 20th May 2022, under the SAFRING
programme. This was the first resighting of this
bird since it was tagged in 2022. The approximate
straight-line distance from ringing site to site of

7
capture in India is 3000km, the minimum distance Rasmussen, P. C., & Anderton, J. C., (2012). Birds of South
travelled by the bird within its 1st year of age. Asia: the Ripley guide. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C. and
Barcelona: Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions. 2 vols.
Pp. 1–378; 1–683.
Sashikumar, C., Praveen J., Palot, M. J., & Nameer, P. O.,
(2011). Birds of Kerala: status and distribution. 1st ed.
Kottayam, Kerala: DC Books. Pp. 1–835

8°) Cosmoledo seabirds on the rebound?

Aurelie Hector & Jake Letori

The 2023 southeast monsoon season on

Cosmoledo Atoll, Seychelles has revealed
encouraging seabird news, with interesting
sightings and updated population estimates, a
first in 10-20 years. This was possible through
Island Conservation Society (ICS) staff; Aurelie
Hector, Ricky Adeline and Jake Letori being
stationed on Grande Ile.

The White-tailed Tropicbird was initially ringed at Cousine

Island (Seychelles) and recovered in Malvan (India)
(© Chandravadan Kudalkar).

This is the first time that a banded White-tailed

Tropicbird has been found along the Indian coast.
The Sooty Tern team (© ICS).
The record also highlights the extent of the spatial
need these birds can have between their breeding With the help of Joel Bonne from Blue Safari
site and the non-breeding foraging movements. Seychelles, ICS successfully completed a Sooty
Systematic pelagic bird studies along the west Tern (Onychoprion fuscatus) census, estimating
coast of India would further aid in their 262 195 breeding pairs within a colony size of
conservation needs with respect to their 13.72 hectares. Far from the estimated 1 million
wintering or foraging areas. nesting pairs in the early 2000’s, however being
References similar to the 2021 census results. For Masked
Ali, S. (1996). The Book of Indian Birds. Bombay Natural Boobies (Sula dactylatra melanops), 4 326
History Society. breeding pairs were counted, with great inter-
Balachandran, S. (1992). Occurrence of White or Longtailed
island differences in breeding across the atoll. In
Tropic-bird Phaethon lepturus on the South-East coast of
India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 88: 441– 2013, only seven nests were found on Grande Ile
442. (a first since 1964) and now 10 years later in 2023
Fishpool, L. D., Tobias, J. A., & Kirwan, G. M. (2021). White- there were 304 active nests. The Brown Booby
tailed Tropicbird (Phaethon lepturus). In J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, (Sula leucogaster plotus) nests in lower numbers
J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, & E. de Juana (Eds.), Handbook of
the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Editions.
with 23 nests being counted, though a breeding
Hume, A. O. (1877). Notes. Stray Feathers 5: 495–502. pair on Grande Ile was a “premiere” for the
Hume, A. O. (1879). The Game Birds of India, Burmah, and species and also with a range of life stages
Ceylon. R. H. Porter. observed over the past 6 months.
Jamalabad, A. (2013). White-tailed Tropicbird Phaethon
lepturus off the north-western coast of India. Indian Birds 8:
128.
Palot, M. J. (2011). White-tailed Tropicbird Phaethon lepturus
from Kerala, South India. Indian Birds 7: 75.

8
 The circular plots deployed during the Sooty Tern census
(© ICS).
A Red-tailed Tropicbird of Cosmoledo (© Aurélie Hector).

With continued ICS presence on Cosmoledo,

knowledge of its seabird populations will continue
to strengthen in the future.

Brown Boobies (© Aurélie Hector).

The positive news for species re-colonising

Grande Ile is an outcome of the successful rat/cat
eradication in 2007, showcasing the importance
of invasive species removal. The ground nesting
Red-tailed Tropicbird (Phaethon rubricauda) has
also benefited from predator removal. Since May,
breeding success monitoring has been ongoing on
102 nests along a stretch of coastline (ca 700
metres) on Grande Ile. At the end of September,
78 reached juvenile stage and had fledged,
resulting in a 76.5% success rate. Tropicbird
numbers were low in the past, however it is
evident that the breeding population at
Cosmoledo has rebounded.

The Red-tailed Tropicbird protocol map.

9
A special thanks to the contributors:
8°) Aurelie Hector & Jake Letori
ICS Conservation Center of Farquhar Island, Seychelles
Cover page photo: Contact: communications@ics.sc
Sabine Orlowski

Call for contributions: You can send your articles for

Articles:
the next issue of the newsletter to Sabine or Matthieu
1°) Anasvaler Mbelomananaac, Matthieu Le Correb, from now! ☺
Amelie Landy Soambolac, Etienne Bemanajad &
Felirija Andrianatoavinae Guidelines: articles sent should be around 300-400
aLaboratoire Mixte International LMI-Mikaroka (IHSM, words, written in English, with at least one photo or
CNRO, IRD, ENTROPIE) figure (with credits and legend) to illustrate. Please
bUMR ENTROPIE, Université de La Réunion, France indicate the author(s) and affiliation(s), and the e-mail
cUniversité d’Antsiranana, Madagascar
address of the contact author. If your article is linked
to a scientific publication, you can also include a
dCentre National de Recherche Océanographique
reference of the paper at the end of the article.
(CNRO), Madagascar
ePôles Intégrés de Croissance (PIC), Madagascar

Contact: mb2anasvaler@gmail.com

2°) Chris Feare & Christine Larose

Wildwings Bird Management, UK
Contact: feare_wildwings@msn.com

3°) Jennifer L. Laversa, Terrence Yorkshire Jr.a,

Malachi Rileya, Alaneo Gloorb & David Guilfoylea
aEsperance Tjaltjraak Native Title Aboriginal
Corporation, Australia
bMillstream Productions, Australia

Contact: jlavers@etntac.com.au

4°) Jake Letori, Aurelie Hector & Annie Gendron

ICS Conservation Center of Farquhar Island, Seychelles
Contact: communications@ics.sc

5°) Sarah Caceresa, Jane Cozetteb, Frédéric Robertb &

Jean-François Cornuaillea
aOffice français de la biodiversité (OFB), Reunion

Island, France
bFédération Départementale des Chasseurs de La

Réunion (FDC974), Reunion Island, France

Contact: sarah.caceres@ofb.gouv.fr

6°) Ravichandra Mondreti

Wildlife Conservation and Research Foundation, India
Contact: ravichandra.mondreti@gmail.com

7°) Mrugank Prabhua, Mark Brownb & Hasan Khanc

aReference and Collection department, Bombay

Natural History Society, India

bCentre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life

Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal,

Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
cS.K.Patil Sindhudurg Mahavidyalay, Malvan, India

Contact: m.prabhu@bnhs.org

10