MIDAS Technical

Material

Tutorial
Single Span Prestressed Post-Tensioned
Box Girder Bridge
 Contents
 Step 1: Initial Setting Single Span PSC Box Girder Bridge
 Step 2: Material & Section Definition
In this tutorial we will learn the following things:
 Step 3: Geometric Modelling
- How to generate PSC box section.
 Step 4: Group Definition
- How to define construction stages for the given construction sequence of the bridge.
 Step 5: Boundary Definition
- How to simulate boundary conditions and assign static and prestress load in midas Civil.
 Step 6: Load Definition
- How to define moving load as per IRS Bridge Rules
 Step 7: CS Definition
- How to interpret the various results like stresses represented by midas Civil.
 Step 8: Analysis Control
- How to carry out design for PSC box girder as per IRS
 Step 9: Reinforcement

 Step 10: Analysis

 Step 11: Result

 Step 12: PSC Design

Program Version Civil 2023

Revision Date May 15, 2023

Step
Step

00 Overview

Specifications of Bridge:

 Bridge Type: Single Span PSC box girder

 Span Length: 40 m
 Width: 8.5m (7.5m clear carriageway)
 Design Code: IRS
 Time Dependent Material: IRC:112:2011

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 3

Step
Step

01 1 Initial Setting

Procedure
1 3
Invoke midas Civil

1 Open New File

2 Select the Unit System [ kN, m]

3 Save as ‘Single Span PSC Box Girder’

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 4

Step
Step

02 2-1 Material & Section Definition – Material Definition

Procedure 1 4

1 Go to “Properties” 2

2 Click on “Material Properties”

3 Click on “Add” to define materials

Define Material data:

3
4 Name> Tendon
Type of Design: Steel 6
Steel Standard: EN05(S)
DB: Y1860S7(15.2mm)
5 Click on Apply

6 Name > C40/50

Type of design> Concrete
Concrete Standard > EN04 (RC)
5
DB: C40/50
7 Click on OK

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 5

Step
Step

02

Mid Section

* All Dimensions are in

meters

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 6

Step
Step

02 2-5 Material & Section Definition – Mid Section Definition

1
Procedure 4
1 Change unit system [ KN, m ]
2 Go to “Properties” > Section 2 5
6
Properties”
3 Click on “Add..”
4 Click on tab “PSC”
3
5 Select: ‘PSC-1Cell, 2Cell’ type
6
Define Mid Section:
Name > Mid Section
Joint On/Off > Check JO1, JI1, JI3, JI5
See the PSC Viewer and enter the 7
section dimension parameters
Outer box dimensions
HO1: 0.2, BO1: 1.5, HO2: 0.3,
BO1-1: 0.5, HO2-1: 0, BO2: 0.5,
HO3: 2.5, BO3: 2.25
Inner box dimensions
HI1: 0.24, BI1: 2.2, HI2: 0.26,
BI1-1: 0.7, HI2-1: 0, BI2-1: 2.2
HI3: 2.05, BI3: 1.932, HI3-1: 0.71, 8
BI3-1: 0.7, HI4: 0.2, HI4-1: 0,
HI5: 0.25
8
7 Check all Auto options related to
Shear calculations 9 10
8 Click “Change Offset” 9 Click “Show Calculation Results”
Select Offset : Center- Top Note: The internal Process of section offset is explained in the help file .
Path: Help > Contents > Start > Model > Properties > Section, When Section
10 Click on “Apply”
& Click on “OK” tab is opened under offset, click on ‘Details’

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 7

Step
Step

02
1.3 1.4 1.3
1.3 1.4 1.3

4
1 6 0.4

0.44
0.7 0.2

0.71

0.26
0.268
0.268
4
0.9 5

0.94
0.2

0.2
0.4

0.45
1.032 1.4 1.032
1.032 1.4 1.032

End Section

* All Dimensions are in

meters

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 8

Step
Step

02 2-6 Material & Section Definition – Support Section Definition

Procedure
1 Define Sup Section:
Name > Sup Section
Joint On/Off > Check JO1, JI1, JI3 & JI5
1
See the PSC Viewer and enter the
section dimension parameters
Outer box dimensions
HO1: 0.2, BO1: 1.5, HO2: 0.3,
BO1-1: 0.5, HO2-1: 0, BO2: 0.5,
HO3: 2.5, BO3: 2.25
Inner box dimensions
HI1: 0.44, BI1: 2, HI2: 0.26,
BI1-1: 0.7, HI2-1: 0, BI2-1: 2,
HI3: 1.65, BI3: 1.732, HI3-1: 0.71,
BI3-1: 0.7, HI4: 0.2, HI4-1: 0, 2
HI5: 0.45

2 Check all Auto options related to

Shear calculations
3 Click “Change Offset”
Select Offset : Center- Top
& Click on “OK”
3
4 Click on “Apply”
3

Note: Invoke the section data window by

following Steps 2 to 5 in Page 10.

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 9

Step
Step

02

Diaphragm Section

* All Dimensions are in

meters

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 10

Step
Step

02 2-7 Material & Section Definition – Diaphragm Section Definition

Procedure
Define Diaphragm Section:
Name > Diaphragm
1 Joint On/Off > Check JO1
See the PSC Viewer and enter the 1
section dimension parameters
Outer box dimensions
HO1: 0.2, BO1: 1.5, HO2: 0.3,
BO1-1: 0.5, HO2-1: 0, BO2: 0.5,
HO3: 2.5, BO3: 2.25
Inner box dimensions
HI1: 1, BI1: 0.5, HI2: 0,
HI3: 1, BI3: 0.5, HI4: 0,
HI5: 1
2
Check all Auto options related to
Shear calculations
2
Click “Change Offset”
Select Offset : Center- Top
3
& Click on “OK”
4 Click on “OK”
3

3
4

Note: Invoke the section data window by

following Steps 2 to 5 in Page 10.

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 11

Step
Step

02 2-8 Material & Section Definition – Tapered Section Definition

Procedure 1

Note: Invoke the section data window 2

by following Steps 2 to 3 in Page 10. Similarly Define Taper Right Section:

3
1 Click on tab “Tapered” Click on tab “Tapered”
2 Name > Mid- Sup Name > Sup- Mid
Section Type > PSC-1CELL Section Type > PSC-1CELL

3 Click on Size-I “Import” Click on Size-I “Import”

Select “Mid Section” Select “Sup Section”
Click on “Import” Click on “Import”
Click on Size-J “Import” Click on Size-J “Import”
Select “Sup Section” Select “Mid Section”
Click on “Import” Click on “Import”

Click “Change Offset”

4 Click “Change Offset” Select Offset : Center- Top
Select Offset : Center- Top & Click on “OK” 4
& Click on “OK”
5
Click on “OK”
5 Click on “Apply”

Note: The internal Process of calculation of sectional property as per dimensional

variation is explained in the help file. Path: Help > Contents > Start > Model >
Properties > Section > Tapered tab, under Note, click on ‘Details’

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 12

Step
Step

03 3-1 Geometric Modelling – Create Nodes

Procedure 1
1 Click on “Node/Element” of Main 2

Menu

2 Click on “Create Nodes”

3 Go to “Tree Menu” 3

4 Coordinates (x,y,z) > 0, 0, 0

Copy : Number of times > 0

Distances (dx, dy, dz) > 0, 0, 0

4
5 Click “Apply” and “Close”

1) To input the node co-ordinates

in table, go to Tree Menu> Tables>
Structure Tables> Node
5
2) To create User defined coordinate
. system go to Structure > UCS

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 13

Step
Step

03

40m

Construction
Direction

Longitudinal View

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 14

Step
Step

03

40m Span
Suppor Tapere Mid Mid Tapere Suppor
Diaphrag t d Sectio Sectio d t Diaphrag
mSectio Sectio Section n n Section Sectio mSectio
n n n n

3m 3 13.5 13.5 3m 3m
0.5 m m m 0.5
m m
Longitudinal Section

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 15

Step
Step

03 3-2 Geometric Modelling – Extrude Elements

Procedure 1
2 3
1 Click on “Node/Elements”
2 Click on “Extrude”
3 Go to “Tree Menu” 4
Select Extrude Type “Node -> Line
Element”

Select Element Type “Beam”

Generating Elements:
Select Material “M50”
Select Section “Mid Section”
Select Generation type “ Translate”
Select Translation “Unequal
Distance”
Select Axis “X”

Distances > 2@.25,39@1,2@0.25

4 Click on Select ALL

5 Click on “Apply”

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 16

Step
Step

03 3-3 Geometric Modelling – Translate Nodes

Procedure 1
2
1 Click on “Node/Element”
2 Click on “Translate Node”
3
3 Select node numbers 2 and 43 by
entering them in the node
selection box as shown.

4 Go to “Tree Menu”
4
Mode “Copy”

Translation “Equal Distance”

dx, dy, dz: “0,-1.9,-3”
Number of Times: “1”
5 Click “Apply”

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 17

Step
Step

03 3-4 Geometric Modelling – Translate Nodes

Procedure 1
1 Click on the Top button to switch to

top view 6

2 Click on “Node/Element” 2
3
3 Click on “Translate Node”

4 Click on Select Single button

4
5 Select nodes as shown

6 Go to “Tree Menu”

Mode “Copy”

Translation “Unequal Distance”

Axis: “y”
7
Distance: “3.8”

7 Click “Apply”

Note: Here, translational distance of 3.8m is the transverse distance between the two bearings.

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 18

Step
Step

03 3-5 Geometric Modelling – Translate Nodes

Procedure
1
1 Click on the Top button to switch to

top view 6

2 Click on “Node/Element” 2
3
3 Click on “Translate Node”

4 Click on Select Single button

4
5 Select encircled nodes as shown

6 Go to “Tree Menu”
Mode “Copy”
Translation “Unequal Distance”
Axis: “z”
Distance: “-0.1”
7 Click “Apply” 5 7

Note: Here, bearing thickness is considered as 0.1m.

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 19

Step
Step

03 3-6 Geometric Modelling – Assigning Diaphragm Section

Procedure 2

1 Click on the Front View button to 1

switch to front view

2 Go to “Tree Menu”

Click on “Works”

3 Select the elements as highlighted.

4
On selection the selected element

number list will be updated as “1 2

42 43”

4 Drag and Drop Diaphragm over the

model window
3 3

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 20

Step
Step

03 3-7 Geometric Modelling – Assigning Support Section

Procedure 2

1 Click on the Front View button to

1
switch to front view
Go to “Tree Menu”

2 Click on “Works”
3 Select the elements as highlighted.
On selection the selected element

number list will be updated as 4

“3to5 39to41”
4 Drag and Drop Sup Section over the
model window

3 3

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 21

Step
Step

03 3-8 Geometric Modelling – Assigning Tapered Section

Procedure 2

1 Click on the Front View button to

1
switch to front view

Go to “Tree Menu”
2 Click on “Works”
3 Select the elements as highlighted.
On selection the selected element
number list will be updated 4

as “36to38”

4 Drag and Drop Mid-Sup over the

model window

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 22

Step
Step

03 3-9 Geometric Modelling – Assigning Tapered Section

Procedure 2

1 Click on the Front View button to

1
switch to front view

Go to “Tree Menu”
2
Click on “Works”
3 Select the elements as highlighted.
On selection the selected element

number list will be updated as 4

“6to8”
4 Drag and Drop Sup-Mid over the
model window

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 23

Step
Step

03 3-10 Geometric Modelling – Tapered Section Group

Procedure
1 Right Click on the ribbon as shown
2 Check the “Tree Menu 2 “ Option
and another Tree menu will
appear on the right hand side. 1 5
3 Click on “Properties” 2
4 Click on “Tapered Group”
Go to “Tree Menu”
5 Generating Tapered Groups:
Set z-Axis as Linear 6
Set y-Axis as Linear

6 Set Group Name as “Mid-Sup”

Go to Tree Menu 2, Double Click on
Mid-Sup Section & the element list 3
will be updated as “36to38” 4
Click on “Add”

7 Set Group Name as “Sup-Mid”

Go to Tree Menu 2, Double Click on
Sup-Mid Section & the element list
will be updated as “6to8”
Click on “Add”

8 Click “Close”

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 24

Step
Step

03 3-11 Geometric Modelling – Change Property

Procedure 1
1 Click on “Properties” 2

2 Click on “Change Property” button

3 Click on > Select All
3
4 Go to Tree menu

Click “Apply”

Click “Close”
4
3

Note: Here, the elements are being divided to create the construction joint nodes
which are located at 8m to the right of centerlines of intermediate piers/supports.

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 25

Step
Step

04 4-1 Group Definition – Creating and Assigning Structure Group

Procedure 3

1 Click on the Front View button to

1
switch to front view.

2 Go to “Tree Menu” 2

Click “Group Tab”

Right Click on Structure Group 4

Give Name as : Structure

Assigning Structure Group

3 Click on Select ALL

4 Drag & drop in the Structure group Structure

“Structure” over the Model View

window

Note: Structure groups can be defined in Define Structure Group first. Next, the desired nodes and elements can be selected in the Group
tab of the Tree Menu and assigned to the groups by Drag & Drop.

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 26

Step

04 4-2 Group Definition – Creating Boundary & Load Groups

1
Procedure
1
Go to “Tree Menu”
3
2 Right click on “Boundary Group” 2

and Click on “New”

Give Name as: “SUB”
Click : Enter

3 Right click on “Load Group” and click

on “New…”
Name: “SW”
Click “Add”
Name : “SIDL”
Click “Add”
Name: “PS1-”
Suffix: “1to4”
Click “Add”

Note: 1) Structure groups are especially dedicated to Construction Stage analysis (of a sequential bridge construction) where each part of
the total structure erected in each stage needs to be identified as a different structure from those of other stages.
2) Boundary groups are especially dedicated to Construction Stage analysis (of a sequential bridge construction) where each part of
the total structure erected in each stage may retain different boundary conditions from those of other stages.
3) Load groups are especially dedicated to Construction Stage analysis (of a sequential bridge construction) where each part of the
total structure erected in each stage may be subjected to different loadings.

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 27

Step
Step

05 5-1 Boundary Definition – Defining & Assigning Rigid Links

2
Procedure 3
1
Click on the arrow as shown to switch 1

to the isometric view

5
4
2 Click “Boundary”

3 Click “Rigid Link…”

4 Go to “Tree Menu”

Go to “Boundary” tab
Select Boundary Group Name “SUB”
Click on “Rigid Body”
Check “Copy Rigid Link”
Select Axis “x” 2
Enter Distances: “39.50”
Click in “Master Node Number:”
Click Highlighted Node “2”
5 Select Node “45” & Node “47” using
Select Single
47
Click “Apply”

6 Click “ Close”

6 45

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 28

Step
Step

05

1.9m

40m

Fixed

Bearing Layout Longitudinal Direction

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 29

Step
Step

05 5-2 Boundary Definition – Defining & Assigning Elastic Links

2
Procedure
3
1
1 Click on the arrow as shown to
4
switch to the isometric view

2 Click “Boundary”

3 Click “Elastic Link…”

4 Go to “Tree Menu”

Select Boundary Group Name “Sub”

Enter “SDx”> 10e+6 kN/m
“SDy”> 10e+6 kN/m
“SDz”> 10e+6 kN/m
“SRx”> 10 KN.m/Rad

“SRy”> 10 KN.m/Rad
“SRz”> 10 KN.m/Rad 45
Click in input box “2 Nodes:”
Click Highlighted Node “45” and then
Click Highlighted Node “49”
5
5 Click “ Close”

49

Note: The elastic links stiffness in different directions are provided to simulate the layout of
bearings .
Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 30
Step
Step

05 5-3 Boundary Definition – Defining & Assigning Elastic Links

Procedure
1 2 3
Repeat Step 4 for the following data:
1 At nodes 47 and 51
Enter “SDx”> 10e+6 kN/m
“SDy”> 10 kN/m
“SDz”> 10e+6 kN/m
“SRx”> 10 KN.m/Rad
“SRy”> 10 KN.m/Rad
“SRz”> 10 KN.m/Rad
2 At nodes 48 and 52
Enter “SDx”> 10e+6 kN/m
“SDy”> 10 kN/m
“SDz”> 10 kN/m
“SRx”> 10 KN.m/Rad
“SRy”> 10 KN.m/Rad
“SRz”> 10 KN.m/Rad
3 At nodes 46 and 50
Enter “SDx”> 10e+6 kN/m
“SDy”> 10e+6 kN/m
“SDz”> 10 kN/m
“SRx”> 10 KN.m/Rad
“SRy”> 10 KN.m/Rad
“SRz”> 10 KN.m/Rad
Note: The elastic links stiffness in different directions are provided to simulate the layout of
bearings .
Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 31
Step
Step

05 5-4 Boundary Definition – Defining & Assigning Supports

Procedure 2
3
1 Click on the button as shown &

switch to the isometric view

5
2 Click “Boundary”

3 Click “Define Supports”

4
4 Go to “Tree Menu”
Select Boundary Group Name “SUB”
Click on D-ALL to simulate pinned
condition.
5 Select encircled nodes with Node
numbers “49 51” using select by
1
Window

6 Click “Apply”

Note: The elastic links stiffness in different directions are provided to simulate the layout of
bearings
Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 32
Step
Step

05 5-5 Boundary Definition – Defining & Assigning Supports

Procedure 2
3
1 Click on the button as shown &

switch to the isometric view 5

2 Click “Boundary”

3 Click “Define Supports” 4

4 Go to “Tree Menu”
Select Boundary Group Name “SUB”
Check “Dy” and “Dz” to simulate
roller

Support condition.
Select encircled nodes with Node
numbers “50” “52” using Select by
1
Window

5 Click “Apply”

Note: The elastic links stiffness in different directions are provided to simulate the layout of
bearings
Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 33
Step
Step

06 6-1 Load Definition – Defining Static Load Cases

Procedure 1
2
1 Go to “Load” tab

2 Click “Static Load Cases”

3 Define Static Load Cases

For Type: “Construction Stage Load(CS)”
Name : “Self Weight”
3
Click “Add”
Name : “SIDL-WC”
Click “Add”
Name : “SDL-CB”
Click “Add”
Name : “Prestress”
Click “Add”

For Type: “Temperature (T)”

Name : “Temperature Rise”
Type : Click “Add”
Name : “Temperature Fall”
Click “Add”

For Type: “Temperature Gradient (TPG)”

Name : “Positive Temp. Grad.”
. Click “Add”
Name : “Negative Temp. Grad.”
Click “Add”

4 Click on > Close

4

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 34

Step
Step

06 6-2 Load Definition – Assigning Self Weight

1
Procedure 2

Assigning Self Weight

1 Go to “Load” tab

2 Click “Self Weight…”

3
3 Go to “Tree Menu”
Select Load Case Name “Self Weight”
Select Load Group Name “SW”

Enter Self Weight Factor, Z : “-1”

4 Click “Add”

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 35

Step
Step

06 6-3 Load Definition – Assigning SIDL (Element Beam Loads)

1
Procedure 2

Assigning Wearing Course Dead Load

1 Go to “Load” tab
4
2 Click Beam Loads > “Element”
3
3 Go to “Tree Menu”
Select Load Case Name “SIDL-WC”
Select Load Group Name “SIDL”
Select Load Type “Uniform Loads” 4

Select Load Direction “Global Z”

Enter w “-16.5” KN/m

4 Click on Select single to select all

superstructure Elements

5 Click “Apply”

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 36

Step
Step

06 6-4 Load Definition – Assigning SIDL (Element Beam Loads)

1
Procedure 2

Assigning Crash Barrier Dead Load

1 Go to “Load” tab
4, 7

2 Go to Beam Loads > “Element” 3, 6

3 Go to “Tree Menu”
Select Load Case Name “SIDL-CB”
Select Load Group Name “SIDL”
Select Load Type “Uniform Loads”
Check “Eccentricity”
Check “offset” Option
Select Direction “Global Y”
Enter Distance I-End “-4.25”m
Select Load Direction “Global Z”
Enter w “-8” KN
4 Click on Select Previous
5 Click “Apply”
6 Enter Distance I-End “4.25”m
7 Click on Select Previous
8 Click “Apply”

5, 8

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 37

Step
Step

06 6-5 Load Definition – Defining Tendon Property

1
Procedure
1 Change unit system [N,mm] 2
2 Go to “Load” of Main Menu 4
3
3 Click “Temp/Prestress”
4 Click “Tendon Property”
5 Click “Add”
6 Enter Tendon Name “Tendon” 6
Select Tendon Type “Internal(Post-
5
Tension”
Select Material “Tendon”
Click “…” in the dialog box for Total
Tendon Area
Select Strand Diameter
“15.2mm(0.6”)”
Enter Number of Strands “19”
Click “OK” 7
Enter Duct Diameter “110”mm
Select Relaxation Coefficient
“European (Ordinary)”
Enter Ultimate Strength “1860”
Enter Yield Strength “1581”
Enter Curvature Friction Factor
“0.17”
Enter Wobble Friction Factor as
“2e-6”/mm
Enter Anchorage Slip Begin : “6”
Enter Anchorage Slip End : “6”
Select Bond Type “Bonded”
Click “OK”
7 Click “Close”

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 38

Step
Step

06 6-6 Load Definition – Defining Tendon Profile

1
Procedure 3
Go to “Load” tab 2
1
Click “Temp/Prestress”
2
Click “Tendon Profile”
3 4, 5
Click “Add”
4 Enter Tendon Name “A1L”
Select Tendon Property as “Tendon”
Click in “Assigned Elements”
and select/type element no. 1to43
as shown in “Model View “
Select Input Type “3D”
Select Curve Type “Round” 7
Select Reference Axis “Element”
Open excel sheet “Cable Coordinates”
*From excel sheet copy Tendon
Coordinates for “A1L”
Paste on “Input Table”
Select Profile Insertion Point “End-I”
Enter x Axis Rotation as “-11.31”
Type “1”
Click “OK”
6
5 Generate A2L, A3L & A4L by
following Step 4
6 Generate A1R, A2R, A3R & A4R by
following Step 4 and using x Axis
Rotation as “11.31” instead of “-
11.31” Note: An insertion point is used as a point of reference for the tendon profile in the Global
Coordinate System (GCS). Only one profile is needed for a precast beam in spite of the
7 Click “Close” number of elements (four in this example) that we are using to model it.
*Select respective cable coordinates and paste it in input table.

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 39

Step
Step

06 6-7 Load Definition – Assigning Tendon Prestress Loads

1
Procedure 3
2
1 Go to “Load” tab

2 Click “Temp/Prestress”

3 Click “Tendon Prestress”

4
4 Go to “Tree Menu”
Select Load Case Name “Prestress”
Input by “Stress”

Select Jacking “Both”

Enter Begin “1395” N/mm2
Enter End “1395” N/mm2
Select Group Name “PS1-1”
Select all tendons in the left box
Tendons Click on “>” , All tendons
will now
move to the right box under the
head

Selected.
5 Click “Add”

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 40

Step
Step

06 6-8 Load Definition – Changing Prestress Groups

Procedure 1

1 Go to “Tree Menu”

2 Go to “Works” pane

Go to Static Loads  Prestress

Right Click on “Tendon Prestress

Loads” and click on “Tables”

3 Change Load Groups as shown by

2
clicking on each load group.

Right Click on Tendon Prestress

Loads and Click on Close Window

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 41

Step
Step

07
Construction Stage Overview
This function allows us to define necessary
construction stages to analyze a bridge
structure reflecting the effects of evolving Stage Days Details
structure configurations and elastic and
time dependent (creep and shrinkage)
displacements. CS 1 14 First Span is Launched with structure group age of 21
days.
Each construction stage is identified with
activated (or deactivated) element,
boundary and load groups. Each stage
CS 2 2 First Span is stressed sequentially
retains a unique element group, a
boundary group and a load group, forming
an interim independent structure. The
stage information that was difficult to
define in Wizard can now be added or
CS3 10000 Application of Crash Barrier and Wearing Course Load.
modified using this function.

Note:
The results of all prior construction stages are
accumulated and applied to the current stage. Once
activated elements, boundary conditions and loads
remain active until they are deactivated. When an
element is removed, the internal forces are internall y
imposed to the contiguous remaining elements in
the opposite directions.

Single Span Prestressed Box Girder Bridge 42

Step
Step

07 7-1 CS Definition – Stage ‘CS1’ Formulation (Element Tab)

Procedure 1
1 Go to “Load” of Main Menu 3
2 Click “Construction Stage Analysis 2

Data”
3
Click “Define Construction Stage…”
Define Stage 1:
4
4 Click “Add”
5 Enter Name “CS1”
6 Enter Duration “14” days
5
7 Click “Element” tab 6

8 Select “Structure” under Group List

9 Enter Age “21”
7
10 Click “Add”
8
9

Note: Age reflects the effects of creep and shri

nkage on the elements. The Age
represents the time elapsed from the time of concrete casting prior to the start of
the current construction stage being defined. Tha
t is, the Age is the maturity of the 10
element groups at the start of the current stagebeing defined. The Age typically
represents the time span from the time of concrete casting to the time of removal
of formwork for horizontal members such as slabs.

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Step
Step

07 7-2 CS Definition – Stage ‘CS1’ Formulation (Boundary Tab)

Procedure

1 Click “Boundary” tab

2 Select “SUB” under Group List

3
Select “Deformed”

4 Click “Add”

2
3

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Step
Step

07 7-3 CS Definition – Stage ‘CS1’ Formulation (Load Tab)

Procedure
1 Click “Load” tab

2 Select “SW” under Group List

3 Select Active Day “First”

4 Click “Add”

5
Click “OK”

2
3

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Step
Step

07 7-4 CS Definition – Stage ‘CS2’ Formulation (Load Tab)

Procedure
1
1 Click on > Add
2 Enter name > CS2; Duration > 2 (days)
3 Click “Load” tab
Add 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 in
4 Additional Days
4
5 Select “PS1-1” under Group List
6 Select Active Day as “0.02” 2

7 Click “Add”
8 Repeat Steps 6, 7 & 8 with following
details
2 Select “PS1-2” under Group List
3
3 Select Active Day as “0.04”
4 Click “Add”
6
5

2 Select “PS1-3” under Group List 8

3 Select Active Day as “0.06”

4 Click “Add”

2 Select “PS1-4” under Group List

3 Select Active Day as “0.08” 7

4 Click “Add”
9 Click “OK”
9

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Step
Step

07 7-5 CS Definition – Stage ‘CS3’ Formulation (Load Tab)

Procedure
1
1 Click on > Add

2 Enter Name “CS3”

Enter Duration “10000”days
3 Click “Load” tab
4 Select “SIDL” under Group List

5 Select Active Day “First”

2
6 Click “Add”
7 Click “OK”

4 5

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Step
Step

06 6-9 Load Definition – Assigning Temperature Rise (Element Temperature)

1
Procedure 3
2
1 Go to “Load” tab
2 Click “Temp/Prestress” 4

3 Click “Element Temp.”

4 Click on Select Single and select all 4

superstructure elements.
5 Go to “Tree menu”

Select Load Case name as

“Temperature Rise”
Input Final temperature: 25 degree C
Click “Apply”
5

Select all superstructure elements

again as done in Step 4
Select Load Case name as
“Temperature Fall”
Input Final temperature: -25 degree C
Click “Apply”

If temperature units are in degree

Fahrenheit, one can change to degree Note: An insertion point is used as a point of reference for the tendon profile in the Global Coordinate System
Celcius from Tools  Unit System (GCS). Only one profile is needed for a precast beam in spite of the number of elements (four in this example) that
we are using to model it.

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Step
Step

08 8-1 Analysis Control – Moving Load Analysis Control Data

Procedure 1
2
1 Go to “Analysis” tab
2 Click “Moving Load”
3 Enter Number/Line Elements: 3
4 Select Analysis Results Frame
3
“Normal + Concurrent Force/Stress”
Check “Combined Stress Calculation”
4

5 Select Bridge Type for Impact

Calculation “RC”
6 Click “OK”

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Step
Step

08 8-2 Analysis Control – CS Analysis Control Data

Procedure 1
1 2
Go to “Analysis” tab
2 Click “Construction Stage”
3 Click “Add”
4 Enter Load Case Name as “SIDL-WC”
Select Load Type for C.S as “Dead
Load of Wearing Surfaces and
Utilities”
From List of Load Case, Select “SIDL
WC” and Click “->”
Click “OK”

3
Repeat Steps 3 & 4 with Load for
load case SIDl-CB, Select Load Type 5
for C.S as “Dead Load of 4

Components and Attachments”

5 Change Beam Section Property

6
Changes to “Constant”
Check “Save Output of Current Stage”
6 Click “OK”

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Step
Step

09 9-2 Reinforcement – Assigning Reinforcement to Mid Section

1
Procedure
2

1 Change units to KN-m.

2 Go to “Properties” tab
3
3 Click “Section manager 
Reinforcements”
4 Select “Mid section”
5 Click on “Multi Add”
4
6 Enter Reinforcement data in the
tables as shown and click “OK”
7 Click “Apply”

Repeat the Steps 4 to 6 for all

sections.

Note:
In case the diameter of rebars is not in terms
of P(dia), then change the rebar material code
from Tools  Preferences Design  7
Concrete Rebar Material Code Select
IS(RC) & Click OK
6

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Step
Step

09 9-3 Reinforcement – Assigning Reinforcement to Mid Section

Procedure
2

1 Select “Mid section”

Click on “Shear Reinforcement” 1 3
2

3 Enter Shear Reinforcement data

under “Diagonal Reinforcement” as
Pitch: 0.15m

Angle: 90 [deg]
* Aw: 0.0012568 m^2 (4Legs of P20)
4 Enter Torsional Reinforcement data 4

under “Torsional Reinforcement” as

Pitch: 0.15m
* Awt: 0.0003142 m^2 (1Leg of P20)
* Alt: 0.008044 m^2(40 Nos. of P16)
5
Click “Apply”
6 Repeat the Steps 2 to 5 for all
sections.
5 7
7 Click “Close”

*Note: Diameter & number of rebars can be entered by clicking …

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Step
Step

09 9-1 Reinforcement – Conversion of Tapered Groups To Tapered sections

Procedure 1
2
1 Go to “Properties” tab
2 Click on “Tapered Group”
3
3 Go to Tree Menu
4 Select Mid-Sup & Sup-Mid tapered
groups
5 Click “Convert to Tapered Section…”
6 New Start Section Number > 6
7 Click “OK”

5
7

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Step
Step

10 10-1 Analysis – Perform Analysis

Procedure 1

2
1 Go to “Analysis” tab
2 Click “Perform Analysis”

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Step

10 Analysis & Load Combination

Load Combinations 1
2

Go to Analysis> Perform Analysis

1 Go to “Results” tab
2 Click “Load Combination”
3
3 Click “Concrete Design” tab
4 Click on “Auto-Generation”

5 Select Code as “Concrete”

Design Code: IRS

6 Click OK

5
We can use “copy” command in load comb
inations to create SLS-1 and SLS-2.
Just for an example, same SLS load
combination is used for frequent and Quasi
(SLS-1 and SLS-2 respectively).

5
6

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Step
Step

11 11-2 Results – Bending Moment Diagram

1
Procedure
1 Click on “Results” Tab 3

2 Select construction stage: CS2 to

view second construction stage 2

results.
3 Click on “Forces”  “Beam Diagrams”
4
Go to Tree Menu
4 Select Load Combination “CS:
Summation”
5 Select component My 5

6 Check on Contour and Legend

7 Click Apply

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Step
Step

11 11-2 Results – Beam Stresses Diagram

1
Procedure 2

1 Click on “Results” Tab

2 Click on “Stresses”  “Beam
Stresses Diagram”
3 Go to Tree Menu
Select Load Combination “CBCmax: 3
Service LL Leading”

4 Select location 1(-y,+z)

5 Click “Apply” and stress contour will
be displayed for the top left corner of
the girder for corresponding load
4
case.
6 Select location 4(-y,-z) & Click “Apply”
6
and stress contour will be displayed
for the bottom left corner of the
girder for corresponding load case.
8
7 Change the units to “N-mm”
8 Check the “Values” option and stress
values will be displayed.
5 7

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Step
Step

12 12-3 PSC Design – Design Position

Procedure
1
1 Go to “PSC” tab
2 Click “Design/Output Position”
2
Click “Design Position”

3 Enter Element Numbers “21 22” in 5

3
element selection box to

select elements 21 & 22

4 Click “Apply”
5 Click “Output Position” as shown in
Step2.
6 Repeat Steps 3 & 4

*Note: The element at which the maximum bending moment is

generated is chosen to perform design checks.

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Step
Step

12 12-4 PSC Design – Perform Design and Generating the Report

Procedure 1

1 Go to “PSC” tab
6 7
2 Select “Serviceability Load
2
Combination Type”
3 Select Serviceability load
combinations “Service LL
Loading” & “Service Temp
3
Loading”
4 Select -> button to move the selected
combinations under

Characteristic combinations.
4
5 Click “OK”
6 Click “Perform Design”
7 Click “Excel Report” to get the design
of elements 21 & 22 in excel
sheet format

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