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    Ee 308

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    catdogsunmoon12
    This document contains 5 electrical power system problems related to factors associated with power generation and distribution, including load factor, plant capacity factor, plant use factor, and tariff structures. It also includes reactance diagrams and per-unit calculations for generator, transformer, and transmission line impedances for different power system configurations. The problems cover topics like daily energy production calculations, reserve capacity determination, load diversity, generation cost analysis, and impedance diagram drawing.

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    Ee 308

    Uploaded by

    catdogsunmoon12
    7 views15 pages
    This document contains 5 electrical power system problems related to factors associated with power generation and distribution, including load factor, plant capacity factor, plant use factor, and tariff structures. It also includes reactance diagrams and per-unit calculations for generator, transformer, and transmission line impedances for different power system configurations. The problems cover topics like daily energy production calculations, reserve capacity determination, load diversity, generation cost analysis, and impedance diagram drawing.

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    4. EE 308

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    This document contains 5 electrical power system problems related to factors associated with power generation and distribution, including load factor, plant capacity factor, plant use factor, and tariff structures. It also includes reactance diagrams and per-unit calculations for generator, transformer, and transmission line impedances for different power system configurations. The problems cover topics like daily energy production calculations, reserve capacity determination, load diversity, generation cost analysis, and impedance diagram drawing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views15 pages

    Ee 308

    Uploaded by

    catdogsunmoon12
    This document contains 5 electrical power system problems related to factors associated with power generation and distribution, including load factor, plant capacity factor, plant use factor, and tariff structures. It also includes reactance diagrams and per-unit calculations for generator, transformer, and transmission line impedances for different power system configurations. The problems cover topics like daily energy production calculations, reserve capacity determination, load diversity, generation cost analysis, and impedance diagram drawing.

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    You are on page 1of 15

    12-Jan-2024

    Power Systems
    Course Code: EE 308
    (2-1-0-3)

    Tutorial – 1

    Electrical Engineering, IIT Indore


    Factors associated with Power Generation and Its distribution

    Average Load
    Load Factor =
    Maximum Peak Load

    Sum of Individual maximum demands


    Distribution Factor =
    Maximum Load in the system

    Actual Energy Produced Average Demand


    Plant Capacity Factor = =
    Installed Capacity Installed Capacity

    Actual Energy Produced (kWh)


    Plant Use Factor =
    Plant capacity kW × Time in hours the plant has been in operation
    Tariffs

    Cost of electric power = a + b × kW + (c × kWh)

    where,

    a is the fixed charge for the utility


    b depends on maximum demand
    c depends on units consumed/ produced

    • Tariff structures should be such that it will influence to improve the load factor
    • Tariff structure should consider power factor of the load of the customer
    Problem-1
    A generating station has a maximum demand of 25 MW, a load factor of 60%, a plant capacity factor
    of 50%, and a plant use factor of 72%. Find

    (a) the daily energy produced


    (b) the reserve capacity of the plant
    (c) the maximum energy that could be produced daily if the plant, while running as per schedule,
    were fully loaded

    Ans: (a) 360 MWh, (b) 5 MW, (c) 500 MWh/day


    Problem-1: Solution
    Problem-2
    There are three consumers of electricity having different load requirements at different times.
    • Consumer 1 has a maximum demand of 5 kW at 6 pm, a demand of 3 kW at 7 pm and a daily load
    factor of 20%.
    • Consumer 2 has a maximum demand of 5 kW at 11 am, a demand of 2 kW at 7 pm and an average
    load of 1.2 kW.
    • Consumer 3 has a maximum demand of 3 kW at 7 pm and an average load of 1 kW.
    Determine
    (a) the diversity factor
    (b) the load factor and average load of each consumer
    (c) the average load and load factor of the combined load

    Ans: (a) 1.625


    (b) Consumer 1: LF = 20%, Avg. Load = 1 kW; Consumer 2: LF = 24%, Avg.
    Load = 1.2 kW; Consumer 3: LF = 33.3%, Avg. Load = 1 kW
    (c) Average Load: 3.2 kW, LF = 40%
    Problem-2: Solution
    Problem-3
    A region has a maximum demand of 500 MW at a load factor of 50%. The load duration curve can be
    assumed to be a triangle. The utility has to meet this load by setting up a generating system, which is
    partly hydro and partly thermal. The cost are as under:
    Hydro plant: Rs. 600 per kW per annum and operating expenses at 3p per kWh.
    Thermal plant: Rs. 300 per kW per annum and operating expenses at 13p per kWh.
    Determine the capacity of the hydro plant, the energy generated annually by each, and overall
    generation cost per kWh.

    Ans:
    capacity of the hydro plant = 330 MW
    the energy generated annually by hydro = 1935 X 106 kWh, the energy generated
    annually by thermal = 255 X 106 kWh
    overall generation cost = 15.53 p/ kWh
    Problem-3: Solution
    Problem - 4

    G1 : 200 MVA, 20 kV, xd = 15%


    G2 : 300 MVA, 18 kV, xd = 20%
    G3 : 300 MVA, 20 kV, xd = 20%
    T1 : 300 MVA, 220 Y/22 kV, x = 10%
    T2 : 3 single-phase units each rated 100 MVA, 130 Y/25 kV, x = 10%
    T3 : 300 MVA, 220/22 kV, x = 10%

    Draw the reactance diagram choosing generator 3 circuit as the base circuit

    Ans: Xg1 = 0.225 pu; Xg2 = 0.1312 pu; Xg3 = 0.20 pu; Xt1 = 0.121 pu;
    Xt2 = 0.1266 pu; Xt3 = 0.121 pu; XTL1 = 0.5625 pu; XTL2 = 0.5625 pu; XTL3 = 0.375 pu;
    Problem-4: Solution
    Problem-4: Solution
    Problem - 5
    The single line diagram of a three phase power system is shown in fig. Select a common
    base of 100MVA and 13.8KV on the generator side. Draw per unit impedance diagram.

    G: 90MVA, 13.8KV, X=18%; T1: 50MVA, 13.8/220KV, X=10%; T2: 50MVA, 220/11KV, X=10%; T3: 50MVA,
    13.8/132KV, X=10%; T4: 50MVA, 132/11KV, X=10%; M: 80MVA, 10.45KV, X=20%; LOAD: 57MVA, 0.8 p.f
    lagging at 10.45 KV; Line 1 = j 50Ω; Line 2 = j 70Ω

    Ans: Xg1 = 0.2 pu; Xt1 = 0.2 pu; Xt2 = 0.2 pu; Xt3 = 0.2 pu; Xt4 = 0.2 p; XTL1 = 0.103 pu; XTL2 = 0.4017 pu; Xm = 0.225
    pu; Zload = 1.266+j0.95 pu
    Problem-5: Hints

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