CBSE Tuts
CBSE Tuts
CBSE Tuts
1. Computer has many resources like processor, files, memory, devices etc.
Operating system acts as a resource manager.
2. Operating system provides an interface between the user and the machine.
3. Operating system boots the computer.
4. Operating system provides a platform for executing various application
programs.
5. Operating system secures the user programs.
6. Operating system helps in performing input/output operations.
7. When one process requires to communicate with another process, operating
system makes this communication possible.
8. Errors like printer offline, failed memory allocation are all detected by operating
system. For many errors, operating system itself takes appropriate action.
OPERATING SYSTEM AS RESOURCE MANAGER
Files, devices, peripherals, CPU, memory etc. are some of the major resources of a
computer. A computer has various processes running simultaneously at any point of
time. These processes require different resources at different times and for different
durations. The major work of operating system as a resource manager are:
Memory Management
The next most sought after resource is the memory. Operating system while acting
as the memory manager decides which memory, how much memory and for how
long the memory is to be allocated to a process. It then deallocates the memory too.
File Management
The file manager allocates files and directories to processes. The files may be the
hard disk or external storage devices. It also helps the computer and the user to
read/write data from/to the storage device.
Device Management
There are several devices attached to the computer such as keyboard, mouse,
speakers, microphone etc. Each device has driver software which is launched by the
operating system for the device to work. Most of the operating system have built-in
drivers for the commonly used devices.
GUI is an interface between user and computer which uses menus, icons, tabs and
buttons and all these can be selected using a pointing device like mouse.
Advantages of GUI
Limitation of GUI
Inspite of the attractive and convenient uses of GUI, people prefer Command Line
Interface because it is very powerful and gives more liberty and more advanced
features.
Limitation of CLI
The user needs to learn the syntax of numerous commands in order to use CLI.
3. These are generally embedded systems e.g., controllers 3. These are not embedded systems e.g., personel
1. Multiuser (many terminals are attached so that many users can use the
machine simultaneously).
2. Multitasking (more than one process can be run at a time).
3. Portable i.e., can be shifted from one computer to another without any change.
4. The directory structure is hierarchical.
5. Supports CLI as well as GUI.
6. UNIX has three-layered structure:
LINUX
LINUX as an operating system is fast becoming popular. Although it has not touched
the popularity of Windows operating system but still is providing a high competition to
Windows operating system. This can be said because of the following features of
LINUX:
Solaris
It is a Unix operating system developed by SUN Microsystems. But now it is
commonly known as Oracle Solaris after Oracle took over SUN in January 2010. It is
basically used on SUN’s hardware—SPARC.
The main features of Solaris are:
1. It is programmed in C language.
2. It belongs to the UNIX operating system cluster.
3. When executed on SPARC machine, its performance is excellent.
4. Solaris lacks good GUI as compared to Windows and MAC operating system.
5. Solaris is best suited with SPARC so buying Solaris means buying the specific
hardware too. Here LINUX has an upperhand as it is a free software and has
no restrictions of hardware.
1. GUI-based.
2. Programmed in C++ and Assembly language.
3. It is a closed source software.
4. Latest version released is Windows 8 which can be used on TABs also.
5. Supports many languages.
6. Windows versions like Windows NT can be used on computers connected in a
network.
7. It is because of its popularity, various worms, trojans and viruses are specially
written by people with malicious motives against Windows. So regular updates
are made available by Microsoft for the Windows users. The updates can be
downloaded by the user online.
MOBILE OPERATING SYSTEMS
Mobile phones have become a necessity of our lives. New types of phones are being
launched everyday with increased processor speed, new added features, compact
size, light in weight, facility of attaching more peripherals, Bluetooth, WiFi, GPS
navigation, improved camera, touchscreen etc.
Every mobile phone, TAB (tablet), PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) need an
operating system. These devices being mobile, their operating system are referred to
as mobile operating systems.
Some of the commonly used mobile operating systems are discussed here:
Android
It is a free and open source software developed by Google along with Open Handset
Alliance.
Android Symbian
1. Modifications in the phone can be made. 1. Nokia does not allow any modification with the
2. If you want to go for a new version of Android, you do 2. For using a new version of Symbian, you most o
not have to change your phone. need to buy a new Nokia phone.
3. New phone features can be downloaded and used as applications are downloaded, they cannot be used
default applications. The older versions can be removed default setting but as additional features. So the or
so that phone’s memory does not get wasted. version still stays in the memory thus unnecessaril
the memory.