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Module 1 - Chapter 3 Introduction To Object-Oriented Concepts & Java

This document introduces object-oriented concepts in Java. It discusses how Java programs are built from classes and objects, with classes acting as blueprints and objects as specific instances. It also covers key object-oriented principles like encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. The document provides an overview of Java as both a programming language and platform, and describes its history and capabilities. It outlines the Java programming environment, including the Java Virtual Machine and API.

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trinidad.eidriel
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36 views

Module 1 - Chapter 3 Introduction To Object-Oriented Concepts & Java

This document introduces object-oriented concepts in Java. It discusses how Java programs are built from classes and objects, with classes acting as blueprints and objects as specific instances. It also covers key object-oriented principles like encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. The document provides an overview of Java as both a programming language and platform, and describes its history and capabilities. It outlines the Java programming environment, including the Java Virtual Machine and API.

Uploaded by

trinidad.eidriel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 3:

Introduction to Object-Oriented Concepts & Java

What is Object-Oriented Technology?


 Object-oriented methodology models real- world objects
 Programs and software are built from these objects
 In contrast, structured approach focuses on tasks and procedures

Classes and Objects


 Java programs are built using classes and objects.
 The JDK itself has a rich set of classes that can be used and re-used.

Class
 Is a blueprint or template of an object?
 It represents broad groups of objects
 It contains elements common to a group of objects
 Example:
- Animal
- Vehicle

Object
 Is an instance of a class?
 It is a specific occurrence of a class
 Objects have state and behavior
 Example:
- Cat is an instance of the class Animal
- Car is an instance of the class Vehicle
 A cat has several states: asleep, alive, lost
 Its behavior could be: eating, jumping, etc.

Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism


Encapsulation
 Means that data and instructions are wrapped up together and treated as a unit

Inheritance
 Ability to “inherit”, use or modify existing or predefined classes
Polymorphism
 The ability of objects to respond or behave
differently
 Example: A cat “purrs”, a dog “barks”, and a cow “moos”

What is Java?
 Is an object-oriented programming language.
 Is both a programming language and a platform.
 Java is hardware-independent and can run on various operating systems
 As a programming language, it
- Contains specifications for writing or coding programs
- Has a compiler for checking syntax and converting programs to bytecodes
- Has a rich set of APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) that can be
reused and modified?
 As a platform, it
- Converts bytecodes into executable code
- Has a JVM (Java Virtual Machine) to run java programs on various
operating systems

History of Java
Java
 Was created in 1991 by James Gosling, et al. of Sun Microsystems
 It was originally designed for consumer electronic devices and was called Oak
 With the advent of the Internet, Sun developed a browser named HotJava using Oak
 In 1994, Sun renamed Oak to Java and released a free alpha version of the JDK
(Java Developer’s Kit) composed of Java and HotJava
 In 1996, Netscape Communications Corp announced support for Java applets which
was later included in version 2.0 of the Navigator browser

What can Java Technology Do?

 Development Tools
- Compiler, launcher and documentation tools are in the JDK

 Application Programming Interface


- Contains classes ready to be used in programs

 Deployment Technologies
- Contains software for deploying applications to end users
User Interface Tookits
- Swing and Java2D tookits are available for creating Graphical User
Interfaces (GUIs)

 Integration Libraries
- A suite of libraries for connecting to databases and manipulating remote
objects

Java Programming Environment


The Java Platform
 A platform is the hardware or software environment where a program runs
 This usually refers to the operating system and the underlying hardware
 The Java platform is different in that it is a software-only platform that runs on top of a
hardware platform
 It has 2 components:
- Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
- Java Application Programming Interface (API)

The Java Virtual Machine (JVM)


 The Java “interprets” bytecodes, and through its java launcher tool, runs the application
program
 It sits on top of the operating system. Each operating system has its own JVM.

Bytecodes is the machine language of the JVM. Source code is written on


a text file with a .java extension. This source code is compiled by the java compiler
and produces bytecodes with a .class extension.

There is a JVM for most operating systems (Windows, Linux, Unix,


MacOS). This makes Java “portable”, e.g., the same program (in bytecodes) can be
“ported” and run on other operating systems without need for recompilation.
Structure of Java Program

Features of Java Program

 Object-oriented
 Distributed
 Interpreted
 Robust
 Secure
 Architecture Neutral
 Portable
 High Performance
 Multi-threaded
 Dynamic

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