Lab Report 2

EXPERIMENT NO 2
TITLE:
“To understand parallelogram law of forces for a concurrent force system”
OBJECTIVES;
 To capture a practical process/working regarding concept of parallelogram
law of forces in your mind.
 To experience the concept of concurrent force system (static equilibrium) in
reality.
APPARATUS:
 Diagram board
 Piece of paper
 Tape
 Screws for fitting dia boards
 Lead pencil
 Protector
 Thread
 Pulleys
 Set of weights
 Weight carrying hooks
 Ring with three cords
APPARATUS DIAGRAM:
THEORY:
A force is an influence that can change the motion of an object. It can also be
explained as push/pull of an object.
A force is a vector quantity as it has both magnitude and direction.
It’s unit is “newton”. While other units are dyne, poundal, pound, force, kilo
pound
Dimensions: “MLT-2”
One Newton: It is the force required to provide a mass of one kilogram with an
acceleration of one meter per Second Square
TYPES OF FORCES:
There are two different types of forces:
1. Contact Forces
2. Non-contact forces
1. Contact forces:
The forces that require being in contact with another object are called
contact forces.
These forces are listed as:
 Muscular forces: It is a force that is a

resulting force when the muscle
Functions.
 Frictional forces: The resisting force that exists when an object is moved or
tries to move a surface.
 Normal force: the normal force F_{n} is

the component of a contact force that is
perpendicular to the surface that an object
contacts.
 Spring force: the normal force

F_{n} is the component of a contact
force that is perpendicular to the
surface that an object contacts,
2. NON-CONTACT FORCES:
The forces that can be exerted without requiring any contact with any
object.

 Gravitational force: It is an attractive force that can be defined as a force
that attracts any two objects with mass.
 Magnetic force: The type of forces exerted by

a magnet on magnetic objects are magnetic
forces
 Electrostatic forces: The types of forces

exerted by all the electrically charged
bodies on another charged bodies of the
universe are called electrostatic forces.
EQUILIBRIUM OF CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM:
It is a state of body where all the forces are of same magnitude making net
resultant zero. When it comes to equilibrium of concurrent forces, the same
concept is applied where “the sum of all forces in the x-direction and y-
direction is zero. In mathematical form, we can write it as ∑fx=0 and ∑f=0
respectively.
PARALLELOGRAM LAW OF FORCES:
The law of parallelogram of forces states that:

“If two vectors acting on a particle at the same time be represented in magnitude
and direction by the two adjacent sides of a parallelogram drawn from a point their
resultant vector is represented in magnitude and direction by the diagonal of the
parallelogram drawn from the same point”
Fig. Parallelogram law of forces
EXPERIMENT NO 2
TITLE:
“To understand parallelogram law of forces for a concurrent force system”
OBJECTIVES;
 To capture a practical process/working regarding concept of parallelogram
law of forces in your mind.
 To experience the concept of concurrent force system (static equilibrium) in
reality.
APPARATUS:
 Diagram board
 Piece of paper
 Tape
 Screws for fitting dia boards
 Lead pencil
 Protector
 Thread
 Pulleys
 Set of weights
 Ring with three cords
APPARATUS DIAGRAM:
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND:
A force is an influence that can change the motion of an object. It can also be
explained as push/pull of an object.
A force is a vector quantity as it has both magnitude and direction.
It’s unit is “newton”. While other units are dyne, poundal, pound, force, kilo
pound
Dimensions: “MLT-2”
One Newton: It is the force required to provide a mass of one kilogram with an
acceleration of one meter per Second Square
TYPES OF FORCES:
There are two different types of forces:
3. Contact Forces
4. Non-contact forces
1. CONTACT FORCES:
The forces that require being in contact with another object are called
contact forces.
 Muscular forces: It is a force that is a

resulting force when the muscle
Functions.
 Frictional forces: The resisting force
that exists when an object is moved or
tries to move a surface.
 Normal force: the normal force F_{n} is

the component of a contact force that is
perpendicular to the surface that an object
contacts.
 Spring force: the normal force

F_{n} is the component of a contact
force that is perpendicular to the
surface that an object contacts,
2. NON-CONTACT FORCES:
The forces that can be exerted without requiring any contact with any
object.

 Gravitational force: It is an attractive force that can be defined as a force
that attracts any two objects with mass.
 Magnetic force: The type of forces exerted by

a magnet on magnetic objects are magnetic
forces
 Electrostatic forces: The types of forces

exerted by all the electrically charged
bodies on another charged bodies of the
universe are called electrostatic forces.
EQUILIBRIUM OF CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM:
It is a state of body where all the forces are of same magnitude making net
resultant zero. When it comes to equilibrium of concurrent forces, the same
concept is applied where “the sum of all forces in the x-direction and y-
direction is zero. In mathematical form, we can write it as ∑fx=0 and ∑f=0
respectively.
PARALLELOGRAM LAW OF FORCES:
The law of parallelogram of forces states that:

“If two vectors acting on a particle at the same time be represented in magnitude
and direction by the two adjacent sides of a parallelogram drawn from a point their
resultant vector is represented in magnitude and direction by the diagonal of the
parallelogram drawn from the same point”
Fig. Parallelogram law of forces

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EXPERIMENT NO 2

There are two different types of forces:

These forces are listed as:

 Muscular forces: It is a force that is a

 Normal force: the normal force F_{n} is

 Spring force: the normal force

These forces are listed as:

 Magnetic force: The type of forces exerted by

 Electrostatic forces: The types of forces

EQUILIBRIUM OF CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM:

PARALLELOGRAM LAW OF FORCES:

The law of parallelogram of forces states that:

Fig. Parallelogram law of forces

A force is a vector quantity as it has both magnitude and direction.

There are two different types of forces:

These forces are listed as:

 Muscular forces: It is a force that is a

 Normal force: the normal force F_{n} is

 Spring force: the normal force

These forces are listed as:

 Magnetic force: The type of forces exerted by

 Electrostatic forces: The types of forces

EQUILIBRIUM OF CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM:

PARALLELOGRAM LAW OF FORCES:

The law of parallelogram of forces states that:

Fig. Parallelogram law of forces

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