Mark scheme Pure Mathematics Year 1 (AS) Unit Test 8: Exponentials and Logarithms

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1a Substitutes (2, 400) into the equation. 400  ab 2 M1 1.1b 6th

Set up, use and
Substitutes (5, 50) into the equation. 50  ab5 M1 1.1b critique
exponential
Makes an attempt to solve the expressions by division. For M1 1.1b models of growth
1 and decay.
example, b3  (or equivalent) seen.
8

1 A1 1.1b
Solves for b. b = 0.5 or b 
2

Solves for a. a = 1600 A1 1.1b

(5)

1b Divides by ‘1600’ and takes logs of both sides. M1ft 1.1b 5th
x
1  k  Understand and
log    log  
2  1600  use the three laws
of logarithms.

x B1 2.1
1 1
Uses the third law of logarithms to write log    x log  
2  2
or log 2  x log 2 anywhere in solution.
x

1 B1 2.1
Uses the law(s) of logarithms to write log     log 2
2
anywhere in solution.

 1600  A1* 2.1

log  
Uses above to obtain x   k *
log 2

(4)

(9 marks)

Notes

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Mark scheme Pure Mathematics Year 1 (AS) Unit Test 8: Exponentials and Logarithms

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2 Uses appropriate law of logarithms to write M1 3.1a 5th

log11  2 x  1 x  4   1 Solve simple
logarithmic
Inverse log11 (or 11 to the) both sides.  2 x  1 x  4   11 M1 1.1b equations using
the laws of logs.
Derives a 3 term quadratic equation. 2 x 2  7 x  15  0 M1 1.1b

Correctly factorises  2 x  3 x  5   0 or uses appropriate M1 1.1b

technique to solve their quadratic.

3 A1 1.1b
Solves to find x 
2

Understands that x  5 stating that this solution would B1 3.2

require taking the log of a negative number, which is not
possible.

(6 marks)

Notes

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Mark scheme Pure Mathematics Year 1 (AS) Unit Test 8: Exponentials and Logarithms

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3a Figure 1 Graph has correct shape and M1 3.1a 3rd

does not touch x-axis.
Sketch the graph
of y = ax (for
The point (0, 1) is given or A1 3.1a
a > 1)
labelled.

(2)

3bi 1 B1 2.2a 5th

Translation 1 unit right (or positive x direction) or by  
0 Transform the
graphs of
ii 0 B1 2.2a exponential
Translation 5 units up (or positive y direction) or by   functions using
5 translations and
stretches.

(2)

(4 marks)

Notes

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Mark scheme Pure Mathematics Year 1 (AS) Unit Test 8: Exponentials and Logarithms

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4
 
Correctly factorises. 8x 1  2 8x 1  16  0  M1 1.1b 5th
Solve exponential
(or for example,  y  2  y  16   0 ) equations using
logarithms.
States that 8 x1  2 , 8 x1  16 (or y = 2, y = 16). A1 1.1b

Makes an attempt to solve either equation (e.g. uses laws of M1 2.2a

 8
1
4
indices. For example, 3
8  2 or 83  2 or 3
 16 or
4
8 3  16 (or correctly takes logs of both sides).

4 A1 1.1b
Solves to find x  o.e. or awrt 1.33
3

7 A1 1.1b
Solves to find x  o.e. or awrt 2.33
3

(5)

(5 marks)

Notes
4
1 4
2nd M mark can be implied by either x  1  or x  1 
3 3

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Mark scheme Pure Mathematics Year 1 (AS) Unit Test 8: Exponentials and Logarithms

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5a Figure 2 Attempt to find intersection M1 1.1b 4th

with x-axis. For example,
Sketch the graph
log9  x  a   0 y = log(x).

Solving log9  x  a   0 to A1 1.1b

find x = −a + 1, so coordinates
of x-intercept are (−a + 1, 0)
oe

Substituting x = 0 to derive B1 3.1a

y  log9  x  a  , so
coordinates of y-intercept are
 0,log9  x  a  
Asymptote shown at x = −a B1 3.1a
stated or shown on graph.

Increasing log graph shown M1 3.1a

with asymptotic behaviour and
single x-intercept.

Fully correct graph with A1 2.2a

correct asymptote, all points
labelled and correct shape.

(6)

log9  x  a   2log9  x  a  seen.

5b 2 M1 2.1 5th
Understand and
The graph of y  log9  x  a  is a stretch, parallel to the y- use the three laws
2 A1 2.2a
of logarithms.
axis, scale factor 2, of the graph of y  log9  x  a  .

(2)

(8 marks)

Notes
5a
Award all 5 points for a fully correct graph with asymptote and all points labelled, even if all working is not
present

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Mark scheme Pure Mathematics Year 1 (AS) Unit Test 8: Exponentials and Logarithms

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6a Makes an attempt to subsitute 7 into the equation, for example, M1 1.1b 4th
P  100e0.47 seen. Understand the
properties of
1644 or 1640 only (do not accept non-integeric final answer). A1 3.4 functions of the
form ax.

(2)

6b It is the initial bacteria population. B1 2.2a 4th

Understand the
properties of
functions of the
form ax.

(1)

6c States that 100e0.4t  1000000 or that e0.4t  10000 M1 3.4 6th

Set up, use and
ln 10000  M1 1.1b critique
Solves to find t  exponential
0.4
models of growth
24 (hours) cao (do not accept e.g. 24.0). A1 3.5 and decay.

(3)

(6 marks)

Notes

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Mark scheme Pure Mathematics Year 1 (AS) Unit Test 8: Exponentials and Logarithms

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Progression Step
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7a Uses the equation of a straight line in the form M1 1.1b 6th

log 4 V  mt  c or log 4 V  k  m(t  t0 ) o.e. Set up, use and
critique
1 A1 1.1b exponential
Makes correct substitution. log 4 V   t  log 4 40000 o.e. models of growth
10 and decay.

(2)

7b Either correctly rearranges their equation by exponentiation M1 1.1b 6th


1
t log4 40000 Set up, use and
For example, V  4 10
or takes the log of both sides critique
of the equation V  ab . For example, log 4 V  log 4 (abt ) .
t
exponential
models of growth
Completes rearrangement so that both equations are in directly M1 1.1b and decay.
t
 1 
comparable form V  40000  4 10   and V  ab or
t
 
 
1
log 4 V   t  log 4 40000 and log 4 V  log 4 a  t log 4 b .
10

States that a = 40 000 A1 1.1b


1 A1 1.1b
States that b  4 10

(4)

7c a is the initial value of the car o.e. B1 2.2a 6th

Set up, use and
b is the annual proportional decrease in the value of the car B1 2.2a
critique
o.e. (allow if explained in figures using their b. For example,
exponential
(since b is 0.87) the car loses 13% of its value each year.) models of growth
and decay.

(2)

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Mark scheme Pure Mathematics Year 1 (AS) Unit Test 8: Exponentials and Logarithms

7d Substitutes 7 into their formula from part b. Correct answer is B1ft 3.4 4th
£15 157, accept awrt £15 000
Understand the
properties of
functions of the
form ax.

(1)

7e Uses 10000  abt with their values of a and b or writes M1 3.4 5th
1 Solve exponential
log 4 10000   t  log 4 40000 (could be inequality). equations using
10
logarithms.
Solves to find t = 10 years. A1ft 1.1b

(2)

7f Acceptable answers include. B1 3.5b 6th

The model is not necessarily valid for larger values of t. Set up, use and
critique
Value of the car is not necessarily just related to age.
exponential
Mileage (or other factors) will affect the value of the car. models of growth
and decay.

(1)

(12 marks)

Notes
7b
2nd M mark can be implied by correct values of a and b.
7c
Accept answers that are the equivalent mathematically. For example, for b. the value of the car in 87% of the value
the previous year.

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