Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 725 views

    Lab 5 111

    Uploaded by

    planets1406
    The document provides instructions for analyzing experimental data from a lab involving lenses. It includes instructions to include photos of raw data, sample calculations of slope, intercepts and uncertainties, tables of data values for two lenses, graphs of the data with trend lines, focal length and uncertainty calculations from the trend lines, radius of curvature calculations and uncertainties for each lens, index of refraction calculations and uncertainties for each lens, and a statistical comparison of the indices of refraction. It also includes questions about assumptions, implications of using a quadratic fit, how far from the axis light could focus within 5% of the ideal focal length, and implications if the statistical comparison showed the indices of refraction were different.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lab 5 111

    Uploaded by

    planets1406
    725 views8 pages
    The document provides instructions for analyzing experimental data from a lab involving lenses. It includes instructions to include photos of raw data, sample calculations of slope, intercepts and uncertainties, tables of data values for two lenses, graphs of the data with trend lines, focal length and uncertainty calculations from the trend lines, radius of curvature calculations and uncertainties for each lens, index of refraction calculations and uncertainties for each lens, and a statistical comparison of the indices of refraction. It also includes questions about assumptions, implications of using a quadratic fit, how far from the axis light could focus within 5% of the ideal focal length, and implications if the statistical comparison showed the indices of refraction were different.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document provides instructions for analyzing experimental data from a lab involving lenses. It includes instructions to include photos of raw data, sample calculations of slope, intercepts and uncertainties, tables of data values for two lenses, graphs of the data with trend lines, focal length and uncertainty calculations from the trend lines, radius of curvature calculations and uncertainties for each lens, index of refraction calculations and uncertainties for each lens, and a statistical comparison of the indices of refraction. It also includes questions about assumptions, implications of using a quadratic fit, how far from the axis light could focus within 5% of the ideal focal length, and implications if the statistical comparison showed the indices of refraction were different.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    725 views8 pages

    Lab 5 111

    Uploaded by

    planets1406
    The document provides instructions for analyzing experimental data from a lab involving lenses. It includes instructions to include photos of raw data, sample calculations of slope, intercepts and uncertainties, tables of data values for two lenses, graphs of the data with trend lines, focal length and uncertainty calculations from the trend lines, radius of curvature calculations and uncertainties for each lens, index of refraction calculations and uncertainties for each lens, and a statistical comparison of the indices of refraction. It also includes questions about assumptions, implications of using a quadratic fit, how far from the axis light could focus within 5% of the ideal focal length, and implications if the statistical comparison showed the indices of refraction were different.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 8

    Lab 5 Analysis Worksheet

    1. Include a photo of your raw data, including your TA’s signature. Failure to include this
    data will result in a grade of zero for the entire lab report.
    2. Show a sample calculation for the slope, x-intercept and y-intercept for one of your
    labeled points from your data.

    Labelled point goes through (7.0, 0.3) and (13.0, 0.2)

    ∆𝑦 (0.2−0.3) −0.1
    y = mx+c, m = ∆𝑥, m= = = −0.0167
    13−7 6

    so:

    0.3 = −0.0167(7) + 𝑐

    So that 𝑐 = 0.4167 𝑐𝑚

    No uncertainties are required, as implied by the lab manual on page 55.

    So we have the equation y = -0.0167x+ 0.4167

    When y = 0, x = 0.4169/0.0167 = 24.964 cm -> 25.0 cm

    Y-Intercept = 0.4 cm

    X- Intercept = 25.0 cm

    Slope = -0.017
    3. Include both tables of values for your two different lenses. You do not need uncertainties
    for the values in these tables.

    Label x1/ cm y1/ cm x2/ cm y2/ cm Slope y-intercept/ cm x- intercept/ cm


    0.5 7 0.3 13 0.2 -0.01666666667 0.4166666667 25
    1 4 0.8 12 0.5 -0.0375 0.95 25.33333333
    1.5 7 1 15 0.5 -0.0625 1.4375 23
    2 5 1.5 10.5 1 -0.09090909091 1.954545455 21.5
    2.5 7 1.5 15 0.5 -0.125 2.375 19
    3 5.5 2 15 0.5 -0.1578947368 2.868421053 18.16666667
    3.5 7 2 17 0 -0.2 3.4 17
    4 3.5 3 8 2 -0.2222222222 3.777777778 17
    4.5 8 2 11.7 1 -0.2702702703 4.162162162 15.4
    5 5 3 8 2 -0.3333333333 4.666666667 14

    Label x1/ cm y1/ cm x2/ cm y2/ cm Slope y-intercept/ cm x- intercept/ cm


    0.5 9 0.2 14 0.1 -0.02 0.38 19
    1 5 0.7 13 0.2 -0.0625 1.0125 16.2
    1.5 6 1 12 0.5 -0.08333333333 1.5 18
    2 4 1.5 9 1 -0.1 1.9 19
    2.5 3 2 6 1.6 -0.1333333333 2.4 18
    3 8 1.5 15 0.2 -0.1857142857 2.985714286 16.07692308
    3.5 4 2.5 15 0 -0.2272727273 3.409090909 15
    4 6 2 13 0 -0.2857142857 3.714285714 13
    4.5 3 3 10 0.5 -0.3571428571 4.071428571 11.4
    5 0.5 4 8 0.4 -0.48 4.24 8.833333333
    4. Include both graphs of your values (two different images), along with the plotted second
    order polynomial trend line that is forecast backwards and includes the equation on the
    graph. You do not need uncertainties on your datapoints.
    5. Include a screenshot or table of the six cells of LINEST values produced from the second
    order polynomial fit for both graphs. Use this information to explicitly state the idealized
    focal length of your lenses, along with the uncertainty, with proper significant figures.

    The focal length for the first lens is 28 ± 1 cm.

    The focal length for the second lens is 17 ± 1 cm.

    6. Show a sample calculation of determining the radius of curvature and its uncertainty for
    one of the lenses, and then include statements of both radii and their uncertainties.

    For first lens:

    𝐿2 + ℎ2 (12.3 ± 0.1 𝑐𝑚)2 + (1.8 ± 0.1 𝑐𝑚)2


    𝑅= = = 42.925 𝑐𝑚
    2ℎ 2(1.8 ± 0.1 𝑐𝑚)

    0.1 0.1 0.1


    𝛿𝑅 = (2 ( ) + 2 ( ) + ( )) (42.925) = (0.1829)(42.925) = 7.85 𝑐𝑚
    12.3 1.8 1.8

    So, for the first lens, R = (43 ± 8) cm

    For the second lens:

    𝐿2 + ℎ2 (12.0 ± 0.1 𝑐𝑚)2 + (3.0 ± 0.1 𝑐𝑚)2


    𝑅= = = 25.500 𝑐𝑚
    2ℎ 2(3.0 ± 0.1 𝑐𝑚)

    0.1 0.1 0.1


    𝛿𝑅 = (2 ( ) + 2 ( ) + ( )) (25.500) = (0.1167)(25.500) = 2.975 𝑐𝑚
    12.0 3.0 3.0

    So, for the second lens, R = (26 ± 3) cm

    The values of L and h were measured utilizing a ruler, so the uncertainty will be one
    of the smallest divisions, so 0.1 cm.
    7. Show a sample calculation of determining the index of refraction of the lens from the
    radii and the focal length for one of the lenses, and then include statements of both
    indices of refraction and their uncertainties.

    We know that:

    𝑅
    𝑓=
    𝑛−1

    Where R is the radius of curvature, f is the focal length, and n is the index of refraction. So:

    𝑅
    𝑛= +1
    𝑓

    This allows us to calculate the index of refraction of the lenses.

    For the first lens:

    𝑅 (43 ± 8)cm
    𝑛= +1= + 1 = 2.535
    𝑓 (28 ± 1) cm

    8 1
    𝛿𝑛 = ( + ) (2.535) = (0.222)(2.535) = 0.562
    43 28

    So, n = 2.5 ± 0.6

    For the second lens:

    𝑅 (26 ± 3)cm
    𝑛= +1= + 1 = 2.529
    𝑓 (17 ± 1) cm

    3 1
    𝛿𝑛 = ( + ) (2.529) = (0.174)(2.529) = 0.440
    26 17

    So, n = 2.5 ± 0.4


    8. Perform a statistical comparison of the two indices of refraction that you calculated and
    state your interpretation of the results of the comparison.

    Utilizing
    𝑥1 − 𝑥2
    𝑡=
    √𝛿𝑥21 + 𝛿𝑥22
    We get:
    2.5 − 2.5
    𝑡= =0 <2
    √0.62 + 0.42

    So, the results agree statistically.

    9. Respond to the following questions/instructions:

    a) What are some of the assumptions and/or approximations that you used in
    performing your analysis? Discuss their implications.

    The index of refraction of the air at the temperature of the lab is 1. Should this be a
    vastly different value, the value for the index of refraction of the lenses would be
    different, as the index of refraction of the air in the lab would have to be accounted
    for in the equation used in question 7.

    The lenses were a perfect segment of a circle. – Otherwise, the location of the
    idealized focal point would be different, and the rays would refract in different ways
    at different angles.

    The surfaces of the lenses were smooth, and the flat surface of the lenses were
    perfectly flat.

    The equations in the lab manual are correct.


    b) Given that the theoretical relationship between the data points is not a quadratic
    function, why do you think a second order polynomial fit used? Why isn’t a higher
    order polynomial used? Discuss. (It may be useful to play around with the Trendline
    feature in Excel to explore what the other fitting functions look like as compared to
    your data.)

    Because the practical relationship between the points IS quadratic, and the
    polynomial fit allows for the IDEALIZED focal point to be located. This is the location
    where a wide image would project clearly.

    c) Using your polynomial fit equation, how far from the optical axis could light enter
    the lens and focus no more than 5% from the ideal focal length? In other words, for
    what value of x (the distance from the optical axis) would your laser light focus on
    the optical axis no more than 0.05f away from f? (You do not need to calculate
    uncertainties for this.)

    0.17 cm

    d) Given that the two lenses are made of the exact same material (cut from a single
    piece), what would be the scientific implication if your statistical comparison of the
    indices of refraction showed that they were not statistically the same (regardless of
    the values you got)? In other words, discuss the implication of such a result in terms
    of the analysis you performed.

    The surfaces of the lenses were not smooth or badly cut, or that there is something
    else refracting the light elsewhere, perhaps a bubble in the acrylic, or something
    else. Basically, that the lenses were not the shape we assumed them to be.
    Otherwise, it could mean that measurements were poorly made and that the
    experiment would have to be repeated.

    You might also like