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Limits of A Function Using Graphs and TOV

The document discusses evaluating limits of functions through graphs and tables of values. It defines limits of functions and introduces one-sided limits. Examples are provided to illustrate evaluating limits from graphs and tables. Practice problems are given for students to estimate limits.

Uploaded by

Xyxa Klaire Sophia Reyes
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
150 views

Limits of A Function Using Graphs and TOV

The document discusses evaluating limits of functions through graphs and tables of values. It defines limits of functions and introduces one-sided limits. Examples are provided to illustrate evaluating limits from graphs and tables. Practice problems are given for students to estimate limits.

Uploaded by

Xyxa Klaire Sophia Reyes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 1

Evaluating Limits through


Graphs and Table of Values

Basic Calculus
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
Learning Competency
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following:

Illustrate the limit of a function using a table of


values (STEM_BC11LC-IIIa-1).

Illustrate the limit of a function using the


graph of the function (STEM_BC11LC-IIIa-1).

2
Definition of a Limit of a Function

The limit of a function is the value that


a function approaches as the input
approaches some value.

3
Limit of a Function

𝑥 2 −1
Consider the function 𝑓 𝑥 = .
𝑥−1
Solve for f(x) when x = 1.

4
𝑥 2 −1
Graph of 𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥−1

5
𝑥 2 −1
Graph of 𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥−1

6
Intuitive Definition of a Limit
Suppose the function 𝑓 𝑥 is defined when 𝑥 is near 𝑐. If 𝑓 𝑥 gets
closer to a real number 𝐿 as 𝑥 gets closer to 𝑐 (both from left and
right of 𝑐), then we say that “the limit of 𝑓(𝑥) as 𝑥 approaches 𝑐 is
equal to 𝐿.” This is written as

𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝑳 .
𝒙→𝒄

In this case, we say that the limit exists.


The number 𝑐 may or may not be in the domain of the function
𝑓 𝑥 . 7
One-Sided Limits

Left-hand Limit:

Suppose the function 𝑓 𝑥 is defined when 𝑥 is near 𝑐 from


the left. Then, the limit of 𝑓(𝑥) as 𝑥 approaches 𝑐 from the
left is equal to a number 𝑀. This can be written as
𝐥𝐢𝐦− 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝑴 .
𝒙→𝑐

8
One-Sided Limits

Right-hand Limit:

Suppose the function 𝑓 𝑥 is defined when 𝑥 is near 𝑐 from


the right. Then, the limit of 𝑓(𝑥) as 𝑥 approaches 𝑐 from
the right is equal to a number 𝑁. This can be written as
𝐥𝐢𝐦+ 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝑵.
𝒙→𝑐

9
𝑥 2 −1
Graph of 𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥−1

10
Limit of a Function

Investigate what happens to the values of the linear


function 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 4 as 𝑥 approaches 2.

In symbol:

lim (𝑥 + 4)
𝑥→2

11
Graph of 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝟒
Limit of a Function

from the left of 2: 𝒙<𝟐 1.900 1.950 1.990 1.995 1.999 𝟐


𝑓(𝑥)

from the right of 2: 𝒙>𝟐

𝒇(𝒙)

13
Limit of a Function

from the left of 2: 𝒙<𝟐 1.900 1.950 1.990 1.995 1.999 𝟐


𝑓(𝑥) 5.900 5.950 5.990 5.995 5.999

from the right of 2: 𝒙>𝟐 2.100 2.050 2.010 2.005 2.001 𝟐


𝒇(𝒙)

14
Limit of a Function

from the left of 2: 𝒙<𝟐 1.900 1.950 1.990 1.995 1.999 𝟐


𝑓(𝑥) 5.900 5.950 5.990 5.995 5.999

from the right of 2: 𝒙>𝟐 2.100 2.050 2.010 2.005 2.001 𝟐


𝒇(𝒙) 6.100 6.050 6.010 6.005 6.001

15
Limit of a Function

We say that “the limit of 𝑓(𝑥) as 𝑥 approaches 2 is 6.”

In symbols, lim (𝑥 + 4) = 6 .
𝑥→2

16
Let’s Practice!

Estimate 𝐥𝐢𝐦(𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑) using its graph below.


𝒙→𝟓

17
Let’s Practice!

Estimate 𝐥𝐢𝐦(𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑) using its graph below.


𝒙→𝟓

7
18
Let’s Practice!

Estimate 𝐥𝐢𝐦(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒)using its graph below.


𝒙→𝟏

19
Let’s Practice!

Estimate 𝐥𝐢𝐦(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒)using its graph below.


𝒙→𝟏

0
20
Let’s Practice!

Estimate 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒔(𝒙) using its graph below.


𝒙→𝟎

𝐥𝐢𝐦− 𝒔 𝒙 = −𝟏, 𝐥𝐢𝐦+ 𝒔 𝒙 = 𝟏, and 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒔 𝒙 does not exist.


𝒙→𝟎 𝒙→𝟎 𝒙→𝟎
21
Let’s Practice!
𝒙−𝟏
Estimate 𝐥𝐢𝐦 using its graph below.
𝒙→−𝟑 𝒙+𝟓

22
Let’s Practice!
𝒙−𝟏
Estimate 𝐥𝐢𝐦 using its graph below.
𝒙→−𝟑 𝒙+𝟓

−𝟐
23
Try It!

Estimate 𝐥𝐢𝐦(𝒙 + 𝟑) using its graph


𝒙→𝟐
below.

24
Try It!

Estimate 𝐥𝐢𝐦(−𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏)using its


𝟐
𝒙→𝟐
graph below.

25
Try It!
𝒙+𝟔
Estimate 𝐥𝐢𝐦 using its graph below.
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙−𝟑

26
Graph of 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟔

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