13/01/2024, 18:27 Exam Automation

Oda class
oda class Indiqube Alpha Plot No.19/4 27 Outer Ring Rd, Kadubeesanahalli, Panathur, Kadubeesanahalli,
Marathahalli, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560103.

Worksheet Name: Light Standard: 10th Subject: Science

Q1. Write laws of refraction. Explain the same with the help of ray diagram, when a ray of light passes through a rectangular
glass slab.

Ans: Laws of refraction of light are:

The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal to the interface of two transparent media at the point of
incidence, all lie in the same plane.
The ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction is constant, for the light of a given
wavelength and for the given pair of media. This law is also known as Snell’s law of refraction. The constant is
also known as refractive index.

The ray diagram is as shown below:

In the glass slab, the emergent rays are parallel to the incident ray because the extant of bending of the ray of light at
the opposite parallel faced of rectangular glass slab are equal and opposite, so that emergent ray is parallel to incident
ray.

Q2. 1. State the laws of refraction of light. Explain the term absolute refractive index of a medium and write an expression
to relate it with the speed of light in vacuum.
2. The absolute refractive indices of two media 'A' and 'B' are 2.0 and 1.5 respectively. If the speed of light in medium
'B' is 2×108 m/s, calculate the speed of light in:
1. Vacuum,
2. Medium 'A'.

Ans: Laws of refraction states that:

1. The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal to the interface of two media at the point of incidence all lie in the
same plane.
2. For the light of a given color and for given pair of media, the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of
the angle of refraction is constant.
This is also known as Snell's Law.
1. Mathematically it can be written as:
Here, μ is the refractive index of medium B with respect to medium A.
Refractive index of a medium with respect to the vacuum is known as the absolute refractive index.
C
μ = B c is the speed of light in vacuum and c is the speed of light in medium B.
V

2. Absolute refractive of medium A, μ = 2 A

Absolute refractive index of medium B, μ B = 1.5

1. For medium B,
C
1.5 =
8
2×10

8
⇒ C = 2 × 1.5 × 10
8
⇒ C = 3 × 10

Speed of light in vaccum is 3 × 108.

2. For medium A,
C
μA =
V

odaclass.smartstudies.co.in/#/exam/pdf-preview/6bfabb00-f1e4-4755-9a4b-51a0c089ea10/1 1/11
13/01/2024, 18:27 Exam Automation
c
⇒ v =
μA
8
3×10
⇒ v =
2

8
= 1.5 × 10 is the required of light in medium A.

Q3. The image in a plane mirror is virtual and laterally inverted. What does this statement mean?

Ans: The image is virtual and laterally inverted means it cannot be obtained on a screen and is reversed sideways.

Q4. One-half of a convex lens is covered with a black paper. Will this lens produce a complete image of the object? Verify
your answer experimentally. Explain your observations.

Ans: The convex lens will form complete image of an object, even if its one half is covered with black paper It can be
understood by the following two cases.
Case I:

When the upper half of the lens is covered.

In this case, a ray of light coming from the object will be refracted by the lower half of the lens. These rays meet at the
other side of the lens to form the image of the given object, as shown in the above figure.
Case II:

When the lower half of the lens is covered.

In this case, a ray of light coming from the object is refracted by the upper half of the lens. These rays meet at the other
side of the lens to form the image of the given object, as shown in the above figure.

Q5. It is desired to obtain an erect image of an object, using concave mirror of focal length of 12 cm.
1. What should be the range of distance of an object placed in front of the mirror?
2. Will the image be smaller or larger than the object. Draw ray diagram to show the formation of image in this case.
3. Where will the image of this object be, if it is placed 24 cm in front of the mirror? Draw ray diagram for this
situation also to justify your answer.
Show the positions of pole, principal focus and the centre of curvature in the above ray diagrams.

Ans: 1. In concave mirror erect is formed only when the object is placed between pole and focus. So object distance should
be less than 12cm.
2. The image would be larger than the object,

3. If the object distance is 24cm which is the approx position of centre of curvature, then the image will be formed at
the same position.
​

Q6. An object is placed at a distance of 10cm from a concave mirror of focal length 20cm.
1. Draw a ray diagram for the formation of image.
2. Calculate the image distance.
3. State two characteristics of the image formed.

odaclass.smartstudies.co.in/#/exam/pdf-preview/6bfabb00-f1e4-4755-9a4b-51a0c089ea10/1 2/11
13/01/2024, 18:27 Exam Automation

Ans: 1.

Fig. Formation of image by the concave mirror when the object is palced between its pole and focus.
2. f = -20cm, u = -10cm, v = ?
We know that
1 1 1
+ =
v u f
1 1 1
⇒ + =
v (−10) (−20)

1 1 1 1
⇒ = + =
v 20 10 20

∴ v = 20cm

3. Characteristics of image formed

1. Image is virtual.
2. Image is erect.

Q7. Calculate the angle of incidence of light ray incident of surface of a plastic slab of refractive index √3, if the angle of
refraction is 30°.

Ans: Given;
Angle of refraction(r) = 300.
Angle of incidence = i.
Refractive index (μ) = √3.
sin i
Refractive index (μ) = sin r
sin i sin i
⇒ √3 = =
sin 30 1

⇒ √3 = 2 × sin i

√3
⇒ sin i =
2

∘
⇒ i = 60

Hence angle of incidence is 60°.

Q8. Two lenses have power of

1. +2D
2. –4D
What is the nature and focal length of each lens?

Ans: The relation between Focal length (f) and Power (P) of a lens is given by
1
f (in m) =
p

Sign convention for f and P:

Convex Lens: Positive (+)
Concave Lens: Negative (-)

Case 1: P = +2D
Nature: Converging lens (or Convex lens)
1
Focal length: f = = +0.5m 2

1m = 100cm
= 50cm. Hence the focal length is 50cm.
Case 2: P = -4D
Nature: Diverging lens (or Concave lens)
1
Focal length: f = = 0.25m
−4

1m = 100cm ⇒ 0.25m = 25cm.

Hence the focal length is -25cm

Q9. Two lenses of power -3.5D and + 1D are placed in contact. Find the total power of the combination of lens. Calculate the
focal length of this combination.

Ans: Power P1 = -3.5D; P2 = +1D

Total power = P1 + P2 = -3.5D + 1D

odaclass.smartstudies.co.in/#/exam/pdf-preview/6bfabb00-f1e4-4755-9a4b-51a0c089ea10/1 3/11
13/01/2024, 18:27 Exam Automation

⇒ Total power (P) = -2.5D.

Now;
1
P (in diopter) = f (in meters)

1
⇒ −2.5 =
f (in meters)

−1 −1
⇒ f (in meters) = =
2.5 5

2
⇒ f (in meters) = − = −0.4m
5

Now 1m = 100cm
⇒ -0.4m = -40cm
Hence the focal length of lens is -40cm.

Q10. What kind of image is formed on a cinema screen?

Ans: A real image can be obtained on the screen. The real image is always inverted. The common example of real image is
the image formed on the cinema screen. A virtual image is that image which is formed when the light rays coming from
an object do not actually meet, but appear to meet when produced backwards.

Q11. What do you mean by laterally inverted?

Ans: When the image of an object is erect but is inverted in the lateral side it is called lateral inversion ie the left side comes
to the right and the right comes to the left.
For example, the word AMBULANCE is painted left-right inverted on the ambulance so that when the driver of a
vehicle in front looks into his rear-view mirror, he can make out the word AMBULANCE quickly and give way. As
shown in the figure below.

Q12. State and define the SI unit of power of a lens.

Ans: The power of the lens is the reciprocal of the focal length of the lens. The SI unit of the power is diopter. it is denoted
by D.

Q13. Name the lens which always forms a virtual image of an object.

Ans: A concave lens always forms the virtual image of an object.

Q14. If a ray of light enters from alcohol to air. The refractive index of alcohol is 1.36. Calculate the speed of light in alcohol
with respect to air.

Ans: Speed of light in vacuum = 3 × 108m/s.

c (speed of light in vaccum)
Refractive index (μ) = v (speed of light in alcohol)
8
3×10
⇒ 1.36 =
speed of light in alcohol
8
3×10
⇒ speed of light in alcohol =
1.36

∴ speed of light in alcohol = 2.21 × 108m/s

speed of light in alcohol with respect to air is 2.21 x 108ms-1

Q15. What type of lens is an air bubble inside the water?

Ans: The air bubble acts as a DIVERGING LENS (concave lens) in water.

Q16. Which type of spherical mirror has a larger field of view?

Ans:

odaclass.smartstudies.co.in/#/exam/pdf-preview/6bfabb00-f1e4-4755-9a4b-51a0c089ea10/1 4/11
13/01/2024, 18:27 Exam Automation

Convex mirror is a spherical mirror has larger field of view in general (also depends upon the orientation). Otherwise
cylindrical mirror which can give a view of its surrounding in 360 degrees.

Q17. A lens is cut into two equal halves:

Perpendicular to principal axis. What will be the focal length of each half?

Ans: If lens is cut along Perpendicular to principal axis then focal length will be twice the original one.

Q18. When an object is placed 20cm from a concave mirror, a real image magnified three times is formed. Find:
1. The focal length of the mirror.
2. Where must the object be placed to give a virtual image three times the height of the object?

Ans: Given:
u = -20cm, m = -3cm, for the real image
1. We know that
m
m = −
u
v
∴ m = −3 = −
(−20)

⇒ v = −60cm

We have
1 1 1
+ =
v u f
1 1 1
⇒ + =
(−60) (−20) f

1 1 1 −1−3 1
= − − = =
f 60 20 60 15

f = −15cm

2. For virtual image m = 3 , and f = 15cm

v
m = −
u
v
∴ m = −3 = − ⇒ v = −3u
(−20)

We have
1 1 1
+ =
v u f
1 1 1
⇒ + =
(3u) u (−15)

−1+3 1
⇒ = −
3u 15

2×15
⇒ u = − = −10cm
3

So object should be placed 10cm from the concave mirror.

Q19. How far should an object be placed from the pole of a converging mirror of focal length 20cm to form a real image of the
1
size exactly th the size of the object?4

1
Ans: f = -20cm, m = − (real image) 4

v
m = −
u

1 v
− = −
4 u

u = 4v

so
1 1 1
+ =
v u f

1 1 1
+ =
v 4v (−20)

5 1
= −
4v 20

1 100
= = 25cm
v 4

∴ u = 4v

u = 4(−25)

= −100cm

The object should be palced 100cm to the left of the mirror.

odaclass.smartstudies.co.in/#/exam/pdf-preview/6bfabb00-f1e4-4755-9a4b-51a0c089ea10/1 5/11
13/01/2024, 18:27 Exam Automation

Q20. Give two circumstances in which a concave mirror can form a magnified image of an object placed in
front of it. Illustrate your answer by drawing labelled ray diagrams for both.

Ans: 1. When the object is placed between the pole and focus of a concave mirror a magnified image is formed.

Flg.formation of image by concave mirror whrn the object is palced between its pole and focus.
2. When the object is palced between the focus and the centre of curvature of a concave mirror a mangnified image is
formed.

Q21. What is the advantage of using a convex mirror as a rear-view mirror in vehicles as compared to a plane mirror? Illustrate
your answer with the help of labelled diagrams.

Ans: The advantage of using a converx mirror as a rear-view mirror in vechicles as compared to as compared to a plane
mirror is that convex mirror has a wider field of viwe as compared to plane mirror. this enbles driver to view much
larger area of the traffic behind him.

Q22. If an object of 10cm height is placed at a distance of 36cm from a concave mirror of focal length 12cm, find the position,
nature and height of the image.

Ans: h1 = 10cm, u = -36cm, f = -12cm

We know that
1 1 1
+ =
v u f
1 1 1
⇒ + =
v (−36) (−12)

1 1 1 1−3 2 1
⇒ = − = = − = −
v 36 12 36 36 18

v = −18cm

∴The position of the image is 18cm in front of the mirror.

h2 v
Magnification, m = = −
h1 u

h2 (−18)
⇒ = −
10 (−36)

⇒ h2 = −5cm

The image formed is real and inverted.

Q23. State where an object must be placed so that the image formed by a concave mirror is:
1. Erect and virtual.
2. At infinity.
3. The same size as the object.

Ans: 1. Between pole and focus of the mirror.

2. At the focus of the mirror.
3. At the centre of curvature of the mirror.

Q24. A converging mirror forms a real image of height 4cm of an object of height 1cm placed 20cm away from the mirror:
1. Calculate the image distance.
2. What is the focal length of the mirror?

Ans: h2 = -4cm (real image)

h1 = 1cm

odaclass.smartstudies.co.in/#/exam/pdf-preview/6bfabb00-f1e4-4755-9a4b-51a0c089ea10/1 6/11
13/01/2024, 18:27 Exam Automation

u = -20cm
1. v = ?
h2 v
m = = −
h1 u

−4 v
⇒ = −
1 −20

⇒ v = −80cm

Image forms in front of the concave mirror.

2. f = ?
1 1 1
+ =
v u f
1 1 1
+ =
−80 −20 f

1 1 1 1−4 5
= − − = = −
f 80 20 80 80

∴ f = −16cm

Q25. A concave mirror has a focal length of 4cm and an object 2cm tall is placed 9cm away from it. Find the nature, position
and size of the image formed.

Ans: Given: h1 = 2cm, u = -9cm, f = -4cm

We know that
1 1 1
+ =
v u f
1 1 1 1 1
= − = −
v f u (−4) (−9)

1 1 −9+4 5
+ = =
4 9 36 36

v = −7.2cm

The image is formed at a distance of 7.2cm in front of the mirror.

v (−7.2)
Again m = − u
= −
−9
= −0.8

h2 h2
⇒ m = = −0.8 ⇒ = h2 = −1.6cm
h1 2

So, Image is 1.6cm in size, real and inverted.

Q26. A mirror forms an image which is 30cm from an object and twice its height.
1. Where must the mirror be situated?
2. What is the radius of curvature?
3. Is the mirror convex or concave?

Ans: Let the image formed is virtual and erect.

v - u = 30cm
m=2
v
1. m = − u

v
2 = −
u

⇒ v = 2u

2u − u = 30cm

u = −10cm

2. v = −2u = 20cm
1 1 1
+ =
v u f
1 −1
=
f 20

f = −20cm

R = 2f = −40cm

3. Concave mirror.

Q27. Give two uses of concave mirrors. Explain why you would choose concave mirrors for these uses.

Ans: Uses of concave mirror.

1. Concave mirrors are used as shaving mirrors. This is because when the face is placed close to a concave mirror (so
that the face is within its focus) the concave mirror produces a magnified and erect image of the face. Since a large
image of the face is seen in the concave mirror, it becomes easier to make a smooth shave.
2. Concave mirrors are used by dentists to see the large images of the teeth of patients. This is because when a tooth is
within the focus of a concave mirror, then an enlarged image of the tooth is seen in the mirror. Due to this, it
becomes easier to locate the defect in the tooth.

Q28. Write down a formula for the magnification produced by a concave mirror.
1. In terms of height of object and height of image.
odaclass.smartstudies.co.in/#/exam/pdf-preview/6bfabb00-f1e4-4755-9a4b-51a0c089ea10/1 7/11
13/01/2024, 18:27 Exam Automation

2. In terms of object distance and image distance.

Ans: The formula for the magnification (m) produced by a concave mirror,
1. In terms of the height of an object (h) and the height of an image (h') is as follows:
′
height of image h
Magnification (m) = =
height of object h

2. In terms of the object distance (u) and the image distance (v) is as follows:
image distance v
Magnification (m) = − =
object distance u

Q29. Name the type of mirror used by dentists. How does it help?

Ans: Concave mirror is used by dentists. The dentist holds a small concave mirror in such a way that the tooth lies within its
focus. A magnified image of the tooth is then seen by the dentist in the concave mirror. Since the tooth looks much
bigger, it becomes easy to examine the defect in the tooth.

Q30. How will you distinguish between a plane mirror, a concave mirror and a convex mirror without touching them?

Ans: We can distinguish between a plane mirror, a concave mirror and a convex mirror by bringing our face close to each
mirror, turn by turn. If the image is of the same size as our face, it is a plane mirror. If the image is magnified, it is a
concave mirror. If the image is diminished, it is a convex mirror.

Q31. Why can you not use a concave mirror as a rear-view mirror in vehicles?

Ans: We cannot use a concave mirror as a rear-view mirror in vehicles because a concave mirror produces inverted images
of distant objects. So, all the vehicles will be seen running upside down in the mirror.

Q32. What is meant by:

1. Principal focus of a convex mirror.
2. Focal length of a convex mirror?

Ans: 1. Principal focus of a convex mirror: The principal focus of a convex mirror is a point on its principal axis from
which a beam of light rays, initially parallel to the axis, appears to diverge after being reflected from the convex
mirror.
2. Focal length of a concave mirror: The focal length of a convex mirror is the distance from the pole (P) to its
principal focus (F).

Q33. Name the two types of spherical mirrors. What type of mirror is represented by the:
1. Back side of a shining steel spoon?
2. Front side of a shining steel spoon?

Ans: Two types of spherical mirrors are:

1. Concave mirror.
2. Convex mirror.
Type of mirror represented by the:
1. Back side of a shining steel spoon – convex mirror.
2. Front side of a shining steel spoon – concave mirror.

Q34. State three characteristics of the image formed by a convex mirror.

Ans:

Q35. Which type of mirror is used in a solar furnace? Support your answer with reason.

Ans: Concave mirror is used in a solar furnace. The solar furnace is placed at the focus of a large concave reflector. When
parallel rays of light from the sun fall on the surface of the concave mirror, rays gets reflected and meet at the focus of
the mirror due to the converging nature of concave mirror. Thus, the furnace kept at the focus becomes very hot. Even
steel can be melted in this furnace.

Q36. Give two uses of a convex mirror. Explain why you would choose convex mirror for these uses.

odaclass.smartstudies.co.in/#/exam/pdf-preview/6bfabb00-f1e4-4755-9a4b-51a0c089ea10/1 8/11
13/01/2024, 18:27 Exam Automation

Ans: Two uses of convex mirror:

1. A convex mirror is used as a rear-view mirror in vehicles because it forms erect and dimished images of the objects
and has a wider field of view.
2. Big convex mirrors are used as security mirror in shops so that a large number of goods displayed in the shop can be
seen in the convex mirror.

Q37. Construct ray diagrams to illustrate the formation of a virtual image using:
1. A converging lens, and.
2. A diverging lens.

Ans: 1.

2.

Q38. A person got his eyes tested by an optician. The prescription for the spectacle lenses to be made reads:
Left eye: +2.50D, Right eye: +2.00D
1. State whether these lenses are thicker in the middle or at the edges.
2. Which lens bends the light rays more strongly?
3. State whether these spectacle lenses will converge light rays or diverge light rays.

Ans: 1. These lenses are thicker in the middle because they are convex lens.
2. Power is inversely proportional to focal length; therefore, shorter focal length will mean strong bending. Hence, lens
for left eye will bend light rays more strongly.
3. These spectacles will converge light rays because convex lens has positive power.

Q39. Determine how far an object must be placed in front of a converging lens of focal length 10cm in order to produce an
erect (upright) image of linear magnification 4.

Ans: f = 10cm
m = +4 (upright image)
v
m = = 4
u

v = 4u

Lens formula, 1

v
−
1

u
=
1

1 1 1
− =
4u u 10
−3 1
=
4u 10

u = −7.5cm

The object must be placed 7.5cm in front of the converging lens.

Q40. An object is placed at a distance of 100cm from each of the above lenses A and Calculate:
1. Image distance, and
2. Magnification, in each of the two cases.

Ans: Case 1: For lens A

fA = +50cm

uA = −100cm
1 1 1
= −
fA vA uA

1 1 1
= +
vA fA uA

1 1
= +
50 −100

1
=
100

odaclass.smartstudies.co.in/#/exam/pdf-preview/6bfabb00-f1e4-4755-9a4b-51a0c089ea10/1 9/11
13/01/2024, 18:27 Exam Automation

Image distance, vA = 100cm

vA 100
Magnification, m = = A uA −100
= −1

Case 1: For lens B

fB = −25cm

uB = −100cm
1 1 1
= −
fB vB uB

1 1 1
= +
vB fB uB

1 1
= +
−25 −100

−5
=
100

Image distance, vB = -20cm

vB −20
Magnification, m = = B
uB −100
= +0.2

Q41. Define Snell’s law of refraction. A ray of light is incident on a glass slab at an angle of incidence of 60°. If the angle of
refraction be 32.7°, calculate the refractive index of glass.
∘ ∘
(Given: sin 60 = 0.866, and sin 32.7 = 540)

Ans: Snell's law: According to the Snell's law of refraction, the ratio of sine of angle of angle of refraction is constant for a
given pair of media.
Since of the angle of incidence
Refractive index =
Sine of the angle of refraction

Given: Angle of incidence = 60°

Angle of refraction = 32.4°
Since of the angle of incidence
Refractive index =
Sine of the angle of refraction
∘
sin 60
Refractive index = ∘
sin 32.4

0.866
Refractive index =
0.540

Refractive index = 1.603

Q42. The power of a combination of two lenses X and Y is 5D. If the focal length of lens X be 15cm:
1. Calculate the focal length of lens Y.
2. State the nature of lens Y.

Ans: 1. P = P x + Py
1 1
P = +
fx fy

100 1
5 = +
15 fy

1 100
= 5 −
fy 15

−25
=
15

fy = −0.6m = −60cm

2. Lens Y is a concave lens since it has negative focal length.

Q43. Explain with the help of a diagram, why the concave lens is also called a diverging lens.

Ans: A concave lens is known as diverging lens because it diverges the parallel rays of light passing through it.

Q44. What kind of lens can form:

1. An inverted magnified image?
2. An erect magnified image?
3. An inverted diminished image?
4. An erect diminished image?

Ans: 1. A convex lens can form an inverted magnified image.

2. A convex lens can form an erect magnified image.
3. A convex lens can form an inverted diminished image.

odaclass.smartstudies.co.in/#/exam/pdf-preview/6bfabb00-f1e4-4755-9a4b-51a0c089ea10/1 10/11
13/01/2024, 18:27 Exam Automation

4. A concave lens can form an erect diminished image.

odaclass.smartstudies.co.in/#/exam/pdf-preview/6bfabb00-f1e4-4755-9a4b-51a0c089ea10/1 11/11