Class: X Manufacturing Industries Sub: Geography. Date: 19.11.22 Ncert Based Exercises-Answer The Following

P.S.
SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, MYLAPORE

CLASS: X MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES SUB: GEOGRAPHY.
DATE: 19.11.22 NCERT BASED EXERCISES-
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING.
1. What is manufacturing?
Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable
products is called manufacturing. eg. Paper is manufactured from wood, sugar from
sugarcane, iron and steel from iron ore and aluminium from bauxite.
2. Explain the importance of manufacturing sector in countries like India.
The economic strength of a country lies in the development of manufacturing industries
because:
(a) Manufacturing industries help in modernising agriculture which forms the backbone
of our economy.
(b) It reduces the heavy dependence of people on agriculture sector and creates jobs in
secondary and tertiary sectors.
(c) It is necessary for the removal of unemployment and poverty.
(d) It brings down regional disparities.
(e) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and enhances prosperity.
(f) It brings much needed foreign exchange.
3. “Agriculture and industries are not exclusive of each other. They move hand in hand.”
Justify the statement.
(i) The industries in India have given a boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.It
supplies irrigation pumps, fertilizers, insecticides, machines and tools, and pipes to farmers,
thus increases its efficiency.
(ii) Agriculture provides raw materials to agro based industries. It provides jute for jute
industries, cotton for cotton textile industries and sugarcane for sugar industries.
4. Classify industries on the basis of: (a) raw materials, (b) According to their main role
(c ) Capital investment. (d) Owership, (e) Bulk and weight of raw material and finished
products.
(a) Raw materials * Agro based : Cotton, woollen, jute, silk textile, rubber and sugar, tea,
coffee, edible oil.
 Mineral based: iron and steel, cement, aluminium, machine tools, petrochemicals.
(b)According to their main role: *Basic or key industries: They supply their products or raw
materials to manufacture other goods. E.g. iron and steel, copper smelting. Aluminium
smelting.
* Consumer industries: They produce the goods for direct use of the consumers- paper,
sewing machines, tooth paste, fans, sugar etc.
(c )On the basis of capital investment: *Large scale industries make large capital
investment of more than one crore rupees. They employ large number of people and use a
large number of machineries. e.g. cotton textiles.
*Small scale industries involve capital outlay of less than one crore rupees, employ a smaller
number of labourers, and use few power driven machineries, e.g. cycle parts manufacturing.
(d) On the basis of ownership: * Public sector industries are owned and operated by
government agencies, e.g. Rourkela Steel Plant.
*Private industries are marked and operated by individuals, e.g. Bajaj Auto Ltd.
*Joint sector industries are jointly run by the state and individual enterprenurs e.g. Oil India
Ltd.
*Cooperative sector industries are owned and manged by the producers and suppliers of raw
materials or by workers. They pool in the resources and share the profit and losse . e.g. sugar
industry in Maharashtra.
(e) On the basis of bulk or weight of the raw material and finished products: *Heavy
industries use bulky raw materials and their finished products are also heavy, e.g. iron and
steel industry.
*Light industries use light raw materials and their finished goods are also light. e.g electrical
industries producing bubs.
5. What are automobile industries? Mention any two factors that have contributed to a
healthy growth of the automobile industry in India? Name a few centres where this industry
is located.
Automobile industries provide vehicles for quick transport of good services and passengers.
Trucks, buses, cars, motor cycles, scooters, three wheeler, and multi-utility vehicles are
manufactured in India.
(i) The introduction of new and contemporary models stimulated the demand for
vehicles in the market.
(ii) (ii) Foreign Direct investment (FDI) brought in new technology and aligned the
industry with global development.
The industry is located in Delhi, Kolkata, Lucknow, Indore, Hyderabad, Jamshedpur and
Bangalore.
6. Why is fertilizer industry almost widespread throughout the country? Give three reasons..
(i) Spread of fertilizer industry rests on raw materials i.e. coal, petroleum and natural gas and
hence it is localised near to it.
(ii) After Green Revolution it is expanded to many parts of the country where agricultural
prosperity is achieved.
(iii) Fertilizers can be transported through pipelines tofar off places which cause the
decentralization.
7.How has chemical industry gained important position in the Indian Economy?
i) Chemical industry is growing fast. Rapid growth has been recorded in both organic and inorganic
chemical industries.
(ii) Petrochemicals are heavy organic chemicals, which is used for manufacturing of articles like
synthetic fibres, synthetic rubber, plastics, dyestuff, drugs and pharmaceuticals.
(iii)Sulphuric acid is a heavy inorganic chemical, which is used for the manufacturing of fertilizers,
synthetic fibres, plastics, paints and dyestuffs.
(iv)Soda ash is used in the manufacture of glass, paper, soap and detergents. Other inorganic
chemicals are nitric acid and alkalis.
(v) Production of pesticides has contributed much to agriculture by controlling harmful insects and
weeds.
8.How do industries pollute the environment? Discuss.

Industrial pollution of the environment is of four types: air, water, land and noise.
(i) Air pollution is caused by smoke released by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries
and smoking plants, and burning of fossil fuels in factories ignoring pollution norms.
(ii) Water pollution is caused by the discharging of organic and inorganic industrial wastes
and effluents into rivers. This form of pollution is caused by paper, pulp, chemical, textile,
dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries. The major solid wastes
released into rivers in India are fly ash, phosphor-gypsum and iron and steel slags.
(iv) Thermal pollution of water is another form of water pollution, caused by the emission of
hot water from factories and thermal plants into rivers and ponds. Dumping of solid wastes
renders the soil infertile and useless too.
(v)Lastly, noise pollution results from industrial and construction activities, machinery,
generators, and saws, pneumatic and electric drills.
9. Discuss the steps taken to minimize environmental degradation by industries.
The steps to be taken to minimize environmental degradation by industries are:
(a) There should be proper planning in the selection of industrial sites. It should not be in
a congested area.
(b) Equipments used in industries should be designed better to prevent smoke.
(c) Avoid using coal in industries and use of all fuel to prevent smoke.
(d) Equipments like inertial seperators, fabric filters, smoke stags, electrostatic
precipitators and scrubbers should be used to control particulate matter in the air.
(e) Discharge the industrial effluents after proper treatment.
(f) Equipments or generators should be fitted with silencers.
10.Explain in detail information technology and electronic industry.
* The electronics industry covers a wide range of products from transistor sets to television,
telephone cellular telecom, pagers, telephone exchange, radars, computers and many other
equipments required.
*Bengaluru has emerged as the electronic capital of India.
*Other important centres from electronic goods are Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Pune,
Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow and Coimbatore.
*By 2010-11 (STPI) Software Technology Parks of India have come up across 45 locations at
different centres. However the major concentration of industries are at Bengaluru, Noida,
Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad and Pune.
*A major impact of this industry has been on employment generation.
*It is encouraging to know that 30% of the people employed in this sector are women.
*This industry has been a major foreign exchange earner in the last two or three years
because of its fast growing Business Process outsourcing sector. The continuing growth in
hardware and software is the key to success of IT industry in India.
11. Write a note on NTPC.
*NTPC is a major power providing corporation in India.
*It has ISO certification for EMS (environment management system) 14001.
*The corporation has a proactive approach for preserving the natural environment and
resources like water, oil, gas, and fuels in places where it is setting up power plants.
*This has been possible through:
(a) Optimum utilisation of equipments adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing
equipment.
(b) Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilisation.
( c ) Providing green bells for nurturing ecological balance and addressing the question of
special purpose vechicles for afforestation.
(d)Reducing environment pollution through ash pond management, ash water recycling
system and liquid waste management.
(e ) Ecological monitoring, reviews and online database management for all its power
stations.
12.Explain the two prime factors that are responsible for the location of Aluminium Industry.
The two factors that determine the location of industries are as follows:
(a) Assured source of raw material, bauxite at minimum cost as it is a bulky material as 4
to 6 tonnes of bauxite are required to manufacture one tonne of aluminium.
(b) 18600kwh of electricity is needed for 1 tonne of smelting aluminium. Hence, regular
supply of power is another important factor for location of the industry.
13.How is the treatment of industrial liquids done? Name the three phases of treatment of
industrial wastes.
(a) Primary treatment: It is a mechanical process. It includes screening,grinding, flocculation
and sedimentation.
(b) Secondary treatment: It is a biological process. It involves use of biological methods.
(c ) Tertiary treatment: It is combination of biological, chemical and physical processes. It
includes recycling of waste water.
14.” Industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand” Validate the statement.
(i) After an industrial activity starts, the urbanisation follows. Industry provides employment
to the people of the area. Population migrates from rural hinterlands to seek jobs, Housing
and transport facilities are developed to accomadate these people. Other infrastructural
development takes place leading to growth and development of the town into a city.
(ii)Sometimes industries are located in or near the cities.
(iii)Cities provide markets for manufacturing goods.
(iv)Cities provide various services like banking and insurance etc.
al

Class: X Manufacturing Industries Sub: Geography. Date: 19.11.22 Ncert Based Exercises-Answer The Following

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Class: X Manufacturing Industries Sub: Geography. Date: 19.11.22 Ncert Based Exercises-Answer The Following

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Class: X Manufacturing Industries Sub: Geography. Date: 19.11.22 Ncert Based Exercises-Answer The Following

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

P.S.

SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, MYLAPORE

8.How do industries pollute the environment? Discuss.

You might also like