1

4 GEOMETRY

TASK 4.1

Find the angles marked with letters.


1. 53°

2. d

3.
e
 4.
44°
a c 112° 67°
e f
82° 146°
b
g h


5.
k

6.
m 
7.
94°
109°
 8.
q q q
j l 72°
q
n 124° o 156°
76° i p


9. a
b
Write down the value of angle ADB.
Give a reason for your answer.
B

c Find the value of angle CBD.

d Give full reasons for your answer.
34°
A D C


10. a Find the value of angle QPR.
b Give full reasons for your answer. R
123°
S

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 Geometry 2

TASK 4.2

Find the angles marked with letters.


1. 2.
b

3. 
4.
110°
107° 47°
39° e
c f
a g
d


5. 124° 6.

l

7. s

8.

h k p 30°
i j 54°
86°
143° n r
m 115° u t
o q
86°
v


9. a Find the value of angle ABE.
b Give full reasons for your answer.
C

45° 73°
A E D

Q

10. a Find the value of angle SQR.
b Give full reasons for your answer. P
49°

68°
R

S
T

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 Geometry 3

TASK 4.3

1. Copy and complete below.

A pentagon can be split into _ _ _ _ triangles.
Sum of interior angles = _ _ _ _ · 180
= ____

2. Find the sum of the interior angles of an octagon.

3. Find the sum of the interior angles of a polygon with 15 sides.
4. Copy and complete below.
This polygon can be split into _ _ _ _ triangles. 143°
109°
Sum of interior angles = _ _ _ _ · 180 = _ _ _ _
Add up all the given angles: 126°
126 + 143 + 109 + 94 + 165 = _ _ _ _ 94°
x 165°
angle x = _ _ _ _

In the questions below, find the angles marked with letters.


5.
a 6.
b 7. 108°

120°
137°
3b 139°
142° 173°
2b 145°
167° c 146°
130° 130°
130° 130°

8. Nine of the ten interior angles of a decagon each equal 145. Find the size
of the other interior angle.

TASK 4.4

1. An octagon has 8 sides. Find the size of each exterior angle of a regular
octagon.
2. A decagon has 10 sides.
a Find the size of each exterior angle of a regular decagon.
b Find the size of each interior angle of a regular decagon.

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 Geometry 4

3. Find the size of angle a.

(9 sides)
4. Find the exterior angles of regular polygons with
a 18 sides b 24 sides c 45 sides
5. Find the interior angle of each polygon in Question 4.
6. The exterior angle of a regular polygon is 24.
 interior angle
How many sides has the polygon?
24°

7. The interior angle of a regular polygon is 162. How many sides has the
polygon?
8. In a regular polygon, each exterior angle is 140 less than each interior
angle. How many sides has the polygon?
9. Part of a regular dodecagon (12 sides) is
shown. O is the centre of the polygon.
Find the value of x. x

TASK 4.5

1. Prove that triangle QUT is isosceles. P

Give all your reasons clearly. S
116°
W Q
T
64°
R
U

X V

2. Prove that the sum of the angles in a quadrilateral add up to 360.

Give all your reasons clearly.

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 Geometry 5


In questions 3 to 8, find the angle marked with letters.


3. 106° b 
4.

c
49° 5.
f 64°
123° 83°
d g
58°

78° h
a e

148°


6. 58° 152° 
7. 8. B
AB = AC
k j i m
24°
48° A C
l

9. ABCD is a rectangle. Prove that triangle A B

ABM is isosceles.
Give all your reasons clearly.
2 cm 2 cm

D 2 cm M 2 cm C

10. Prove that angle ADC = angle BAC. B

Give all your reasons clearly.

A D

TASK 4.6

Remember Pythagoras says

a2 + b2 = c2
c
a

b
You will need a calculator. Give your answers correct to 2 d.p. where
necessary. The units are cm.

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 Geometry 6


1. Find the length AB.
B
2. Find the length KL.
K L

6 13
12

A 5 C
M
3. Find the length x.
a 4 b 5 c x
4
2 19
x
x 9

d x e f
14
3 4 9 x 10

x
6


4. Find the length QR.
Q

5. Find the length BC.
B C

9
6 16
A

P R
7

TASK 4.7

You may use a calculator. Give answers to 2 d.p.

1. A rectangle has length 9 cm and width 7 cm. Calculate the length of its
diagonal.

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 Geometry 7

2. Calculate the perimeter of this triangle.

20 m 12 m

3. A ladder of length 7.5 m reaches 5.5 m up a vertical wall. How far is the
foot of the ladder from the wall?
4. A plane flies 100 km due south and then a further 150 km due east. How
far is the plane from its starting point?
5. Calculate the area of this triangle.

39 cm

15 cm
6. A knight on a chessboard moves 2 cm to the right
then 4 cm forwards. If the knight moved directly
from its old position to its new position, how far 4 cm
would it move?

7. Find x. 2 cm

19 m
x

3m 8m

8. Calculate the length of the line joining (1, 3) to (5, 6).

9. Calculate the length of the line joining (22, 25) to (3, 7).
10. Find the height of each isosceles triangle below:
a b

9 cm h 9 cm 12 cm 12 cm

3 cm 3 cm 8 cm

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 Geometry 8


11. Find the area of this isosceles triangle.
10 cm

15 cm

10 cm

12. Find the perimeter of this trapezium. 6 cm

13 cm

10 cm

TASK 4.8

1. Copy the patterns below on squared paper. Shade in as many squares as

necessary to complete the symmetrical patterns. The dotted lines are lines
of symmetry.

2. Sketch these shapes in your book and draw on all the lines of symmetry.

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 Geometry 9

For each shape write the order of rotational symmetry (you may use tracing
paper).


3. 4. 5. 6.


7. 8. 9. 
10.

11. Draw your own shape which has an order of rotational symmetry of 3.
12. Draw a triangle which has no rotational symmetry.

TASK 4.9

1. How many planes of symmetry does this triangular prism have?

2. Draw each shape below and show one plane of symmetry.

a b

c d

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 Geometry 10

3. How may planes of symmetry does a cube have?

TASK 4.10


1. a Explain why these triangles are similar.
b Find x.
4 cm
50° 50°
x

55° 5 cm
20 cm

55°

2. Rectangles A and B are similar.

Find x. 3 cm A
x B
4 cm
14 cm
3. Shapes C and D are similar. 8 cm 20 cm
Find y and z.
C z
27.5 cm
D
5 cm
y
4. Use similar triangles to find x.
5 cm
x 2 cm

10 cm

5. Use similar triangles to find y.

12 cm

8 cm

6 cm y

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 Geometry 11

6. Use similar triangles to find x in each diagram below.

a x b

15 cm x
4 cm
4 cm 36 cm

10 cm 45 cm

TASK 4.11


In Questions 1 to 3, find x.


1.
3 cm 
2. 3 cm

3.
9 cm 7 cm
5 cm
1.5 cm 8 cm x
x 6 cm
x 14 cm

4. Find AB and AE.

1 cm
D E A

5 cm
6.25 cm

B
2 cm
C


5. a Explain why triangles PQR and STR
are similar.
P x

3 cm
Q

b Find the length of ST.

R
12 cm

T 2x + 5 S

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 Geometry 12


6. Find x and y. 7. Find x.  8. Find x and y.

17.5 cm 5 13 cm
3y 4x − 2
31.5 cm x
y
x+1 y y
4 cm x 25 cm
14 cm

6 cm 4 cm

TASK 4.12


1. Find the volume of the larger
of these 2 similar cylinders.
2. These prisms are similar.
The total surface area of the
smaller prism is 19 cm2.
volume = 32 cm3 Find the total surface area
9 cm of the larger prism.

3 cm
45 cm 21 cm

3. These cones are similar.

Find h.
21 cm

surface area surface area

= 576 cm2 = 16 cm2
4. A factory makes two footballs and they charge a fixed price per square metre of
leather that is used to cover the football. If they charge $12 for the football of radius
15 cm, how much do they charge for a football of radius 12 cm?
5. Two triangles are similar. The area of the larger triangle is 6 m2 and its base is
5 m. How long (to the nearest cm) is the base of the smaller triangle if its
area is 1 m2?
6. The cost of similar bottles of milk is proportional to the volume. A bottle which has a
radius of 36 mm costs 75c.
a What is the price (to the nearest cent) of the bottle with a radius of 45 mm?
b What is the radius (to 3 s.f.) of the bottle which costs $1?

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 Geometry 13

7. These two containers are similar. The ratio of

their diameters is 3 : 7. Find the capacity of the
smaller container if the larger container has a
capacity of 34 litres (give your answer to 3 s.f.)

8. A shop sells bars of soap in various sizes, all of which are similar to each other.
The shop charges the same amount per cm3 of soap in each bar. If the bar which is
5 cm long costs 80c then what is the price (to the nearest cent) of the bar which is
8 cm long?

TASK 4.13

1. These two shapes are similar. If the volume of A is 47 cm3, find:

a the area ratio
b the length ratio
c the volume ratio
d the volume of B A
surface area
= 13 cm2 B
surface area
2. These two hemispheres are similar. = 468 cm2
If the surface area of Q is 912 cm3, find P
a the volume ratio
b the length ratio Q
c the area ratio volume
d the surface area of P = 8 cm3
volume
= 512 cm3
3. Two hexagonal prisms are similar. One has a capacity of 5.4 l and the
other has a capacity of 6.9 l. If the surface area of the smaller one is
19 m2, what is the surface area (to 3 s.f.) of the larger one?
4. A bottle has a surface area of 480 cm2 and a volume of 700 cm3. What is
the surface area (to 3 s.f.) of a bottle whose volume is 500 cm3?
5. A towel has a volume of 6100 cm3. The towel shrinks in a tumble drier. It
remains a similar shape but its surface area is reduced by 12%. Find the
new volume of the towel (to 3 s.f.)
6. Two crystals are similar. Their surface areas are in the ratio 5 : 9. If the
volume of the smaller crystal is 8.7 mm3, find the volume of the larger
crystal (to 3 s.f.)

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 Geometry 14

7. Two similar solid statues are made from the same material. The surface area
of the larger statue is 2749 cm2 and the smaller statue is 1364 cm2. The cost
of the material to make the larger statue is $490. What is the cost of the
material to make the smaller statue (to the nearest pence)?

TASK 4.14

1. Explain why these two triangles are 38°

congruent.
38°

2. Explain why these two triangles are

not congruent. 56°

56°

3. AB is parallel to DE. A B
BC = CD.
Prove that triangles ABC and CDE are congruent.
C

D E


4. a Prove that triangles ACX and ACY are congruent.
b Explain why AY = CX.
A
x
x X

xx
Y
C
5. ABCD is a parallelogram.
Prove that triangles ABD and CBD are congruent.
6. PR = RS. Q
Prove that triangles PQR and RTS are congruent.
P

S T

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 Geometry 15

B
7. Triangle BCE is isosceles as shown.
AB = ED.
a Prove that triangles ABC and CED are A C
congruent.
b Explain why angle BAC = angle CDE.

E
D

8. PQRS is a kite. Q
Use congruent triangles to prove that diagonal
PR bisects angle SPQ:
P R

S
9. Triangle ABC is isosceles with AB = BC. P
M and N are the midpoints of AB and BC Q
respectively.
PQBM and BRSN are both squares. A
a Prove that triangles BRM and BNQ are M
congruent.
b Explain why MR = NQ. B

N
C
R
S
TASK 4.15

Find the angles marked with letters. (O is the centre of each circle.)


1.
a 2.
b

3.
73° 
4.
58°
O O d
31° O
c
78° 42°


5.
e
6.
f
40° 
7. 
8.

32°
O j
O 106°
26° h 130°
75° i
g
k
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 Geometry 16

9. In this question, write down all the reasons F

for your answers.
Find E
72°
a angle OEG
b angle OGF O
c angle OFG
d angle FEO
e angle EFG 20°
G

10. Find angle BCD.

Write down the reasons for your answer. B

A D C


11. Find x.

12. Find y.

130°
3x − 20 y
x + 10

TASK 4.16

Find the angles marked with letters. (O is the centre of each circle)


1.
a 2. 
3.
d
132°
109°
4. f
49°
74°
78° c O g
b e

116°


5.
h  6.
126°
k 
7. 56° 
8.
82°
m

28°
O l O
i
j 148°

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 Geometry 17

9. In this question, write down all the Q

reasons for your answers.
P
Find 110°
a angle QRS
b angle QOS O
c angle SQO
R

10. In this question, write down all the B

reasons for your answers.
Find
a angle CDO C O
b angle COD 72°
c angle ABC 84° A
d angle AOC E D
e angle AOD


11. Find x.
76 − x

12. Find y.

2y − 20

4x − 9
110°
y

TASK 4.17

Find the angles marked with letters. (O is the centre of each circle.)


1. 2. 3. e 
4.

O O O h
O g
b c d f
a
23°
40°
62°

35°

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 Geometry 18

5. In this question, write down all the

reasons for your answers.
Find C
a angle BOC O
b angle BDC
c angle CAB 29° D
B

6. In this question, write down all the

reasons for your answers.
Find P
a angle POR
S O
b angle PQO
17° R Q

7. Find x

3x + 20 O

2x + 30

8. In each part of the question below, find x giving each answer to 1 d.p.

a b

O O

7 cm 5 cm
x
x
12 cm 14 cm

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 Geometry 19

TASK 4.18

1. Prove that angle PST = x (ie. the exterior angle P

of a cyclic quadrilateral equals the Q
opposite interior angle). x

T S R

2. O is the centre of the circle. Copy and complete Q

the statements below to prove that n
‘the angle at the centre of a circle is m
R
twice the angle at the circumference.’
O
angle OPQ = (triangle OPQ is isosceles)
angle POQ = (sum of angles in a triangle = 180)
angle ORQ = (triangle ORQ is isosceles)
P
angle ROQ = (sum of angles in a triangle = 180)
angle POR = 360 2 angle POQ 2 angle ROQ (sum of angles at a point
add up to 360)
—POR = 360 2 ( ) 2 ( )
= 360 2 + 2 +
= +
= 2( + )
This proves that angle POR is twice the angle PQR, ie. the angle at the
centre of the circle is twice the angle at the circumference.

TASK 4.19

Find the angle marked x in each of these diagrams.

C B
1. 2.
C
B
x x O
O

115°
65°
A A

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 Geometry 20

3. A 4. C
103° B

E 50° B D
x
x
D
39°
C
A
C
5. 6. B
B
x O
O
104°
74° 58° x
A A

TASK 4.20

1. Construct accurately the diagrams below:

a Measure angle x and side y. b Measure angle x and angle y.
6 cm
5 cm x 5 cm
55°
6.5 cm
y
5 cm 8 cm

6.5 cm 6.5 cm
x y
5.5 cm

2. Which of the following nets can be used to make a cube?

a  b c

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 Geometry 21

3. Draw a sketch of the net of the cuboid shown below.

4 cm

2 cm
10 cm

4. Sketch the net of a prism of length 8 cm with an equilateral triangle cross-

section of side length 6 cm.

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