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    Demographic Transition Theory

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    marzuqj8
    Demographic transition theory proposes that a society's population growth rates are linked to its level of technological development. According to the theory, societies progress through four stages: [1] Pre-industrial societies have high birth and death rates; [2] Industrialization causes death rates to fall but birth rates remain high, leading to rapid population growth; [3] Increased affluence causes birth rates to decline, slowing growth; [4] Post-industrial societies have low birth and death rates, resulting in slow or no population growth. The theory suggests that technology is the key to controlling population by facilitating the transition to lower growth stages.

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    Demographic Transition Theory

    Uploaded by

    marzuqj8
    10 views33 pages
    Demographic transition theory proposes that a society's population growth rates are linked to its level of technological development. According to the theory, societies progress through four stages: [1] Pre-industrial societies have high birth and death rates; [2] Industrialization causes death rates to fall but birth rates remain high, leading to rapid population growth; [3] Increased affluence causes birth rates to decline, slowing growth; [4] Post-industrial societies have low birth and death rates, resulting in slow or no population growth. The theory suggests that technology is the key to controlling population by facilitating the transition to lower growth stages.

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    Demographic transition theory proposes that a society's population growth rates are linked to its level of technological development. According to the theory, societies progress through four stages: [1] Pre-industrial societies have high birth and death rates; [2] Industrialization causes death rates to fall but birth rates remain high, leading to rapid population growth; [3] Increased affluence causes birth rates to decline, slowing growth; [4] Post-industrial societies have low birth and death rates, resulting in slow or no population growth. The theory suggests that technology is the key to controlling population by facilitating the transition to lower growth stages.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    10 views33 pages

    Demographic Transition Theory

    Uploaded by

    marzuqj8
    Demographic transition theory proposes that a society's population growth rates are linked to its level of technological development. According to the theory, societies progress through four stages: [1] Pre-industrial societies have high birth and death rates; [2] Industrialization causes death rates to fall but birth rates remain high, leading to rapid population growth; [3] Increased affluence causes birth rates to decline, slowing growth; [4] Post-industrial societies have low birth and death rates, resulting in slow or no population growth. The theory suggests that technology is the key to controlling population by facilitating the transition to lower growth stages.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 33

    Demographic Transition

    Theory

    • A more complex analysis of population change is demographic


    transition theory, a thesis that links population patterns to a
    society’s level of technological development.
    Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4

    Level of technology Pre industrial Early industrial Mature industrial Post industrial

    Population growth Very slow Rapid Slowing Very slow

    Demographic Transition Theory


    Stage 1
    • Preindustrial, agrarian societies have high birth rates because of the
    economic value of children and the absence of birth control. Death
    rates are also high because of low living standards and limited
    medical technology. Deaths from outbreaks of disease cancel out
    births, so population rises and falls only slightly over time. This was
    the case for thousands of years in Europe before the Industrial
    Revolution.
    • Stage 2, the onset of industrialization, brings a demographic
    transition as death rates fall due to greater food supplies and
    scientific medicine. But birth rates remain high, resulting in rapid
    population growth. It was during Europe’s Stage 2 that Malthus
    formulated his ideas, which accounts for his pessimistic view of the
    future. The world’s poorest countries today are in this high growth
    stage.
    • In Stage 3:
    A mature industrial economy, the birth rate drops, curbing population
    growth once again. Fertility falls because most children survive to
    adulthood and because high living standards make raising children
    expensive. In short, affluence transforms children from economic
    assets into economic liabilities. Smaller families, made possible by
    effective birth control, are also favored by women working outside the
    home. As birth rates follow death rates downward, population growth
    slows further.
    • Stage 4:
    Corresponds to a postindustrial economy in which the demographic
    transition is complete. The birth rate keeps falling, partly because
    dual-income couples gradually become the norm and partly because
    the cost of raising children continues to increase. This trend, linked to
    steady death rates, means that population grows only very slowly or
    even decreases. This is the case today in Japan, Europe, and the United
    States.
    • Evaluation: Demographic transition theory suggests that the key to
    population control lies in technology. Instead of the runaway
    population increase feared by Malthus, this theory sees technology
    slowing growth and spreading material plenty.
    Technology and the Environmental Deficit

    • Sociologists point a simple formula:


    I= PAT,
    Where I =reflects environmental impact
    P= Society’s Level of Population
    A= Society’s Level of Affluence
    T= Society’s Level of Technology
    • Sustainable Development:
    • According to Brundtland Commission (World Commission on
    environment and Development 1987): “Sustainable development is
    development that meets the needs of the present without
    compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
    needs.”
    What is new and different
    about the 17 SDGs?
    First, and most important, these Goals apply to every nation … and
    every sector. Cities, businesses, schools, organizations, all are
    challenged to act. This is called

    Universality
    Second, it is recognized that the Goals are all inter-connected, in a
    system. We cannot aim to achieve just one Goal. We must achieve
    them all. This is called

    Integration
    And finally, it is widely recognized that achieving these Goals involves
    making very big, fundamental changes in how we live on Earth. This is
    called

    Transformation
    Let’s take a tour …
    #1: End
    poverty in all
    its forms
    everywhere
    #2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition
    and promote sustainable agriculture
    #2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition
    and promote sustainable agriculture

    #3: Ensure
    healthy lives and
    promote
    well-being for all
    at all ages
    #4: Ensure
    inclusive and
    quality education
    for all and
    promote lifelong
    learning
    #5: Achieve
    gender equality
    and empower
    women and girls
    #6: Ensure access to
    water and sanitation for
    all
    #7: Ensure access to
    affordable, reliable,
    sustainable and
    modern energy for
    all
    #8: Promote inclusive
    and sustainable
    economic growth,
    employment and decent
    work for all
    #9: Build resilient
    infrastructure,
    promote sustainable
    industrialization and
    foster innovation
    #10: Reduce
    inequality within and
    among countries
    #11: Make cities
    inclusive, safe,
    resilient and
    sustainable
    #12: Ensure
    sustainable
    consumption and
    #13: Take urgent action
    to combat climate
    change and its impacts*
    #14: Conserve
    and sustainably
    use the oceans,
    seas and marine
    resources
    #15: Sustainably manage forests,
    combat desertification, halt and
    reverse land degradation,
    halt biodiversity loss
    #16: Promote just, peaceful
    and inclusive
    societies
    #17: Revitalize the
    global partnership
    for sustainable
    development
    Each goal
    is
    important
    in itself …
    Each goal And they
    is are all
    important connected
    in itself …
    To find out more, go to

    17Goals.org

    And read the real documents for yourself, at


    https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topic
    s

    These slides are provided as a free public service by 17Goals, a multi-stakeholder partnership.
    Images have been licensed from iStock/Getty or from Unsplash.com (an open source image bank)

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