Week 17 Module

Energy Transformation Week 17
Content Standards
The learners demonstrate an understanding of photosynthesis.
Most Essential Learning Competencies

● Explain coupled reaction processes and describe the role of ATP in energy coupling and transfer
● Explain the importance of chlorophyll and other pigments
● Describe the patterns of electron flow through light reaction events
Lesson Presentation/ Discussion

Energy Transformation
Lesson 1: Photosynthesis
Terminologies:
● Glucose- sugar produced during photosynthesis
● Chlorophyll- a pigment that absorbs light
● Cellular respiration- a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose and produces ATP
● Stomata- regulated openings located on the underside of the leaf, where gas exchange of carbon
dioxide and oxygen occurs
● Autotrophs- organisms that can produce their food
The processes in all organisms—from bacteria to humans—require energy. To get this energy, many
organisms access stored energy by eating other organisms. But where does the stored energy in food
originate? All of this energy can be traced back to photosynthesis.
Through photosynthesis, plants convert solar energy into chemical energy, which is then used to build
carbohydrate molecules. The energy used to hold these molecules together is released when an organism
breaks down food. Cells then use this energy to perform work such as cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis requires sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water as starting reactants. Then photosynthesis
releases oxygen and produces carbohydrate molecules – glucose. This sugar molecule contains the energy that
living things need to survive.
General Biology 1 Page 1 of 3

Autotrophs are the only organism that can perform photosynthesis; they require the presence of
chlorophyll, a specialized pigment that can absorb light and convert light energy into chemical energy.
Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and water to assemble glucose and releases oxygen into the air. Eukaryotic
autotrophs, such as plants and algae, have organelles called chloroplasts in which photosynthesis takes place.
Process in photosynthesis:
1. Chloroplasts in the leaf trap sunlight/ light energy.
2. Water and minerals absorbed by the roots from the soil, flow up through the stem and enter the leaf.
3. Carbon dioxide enters the leaf.
4. Light energy, water and minerals, and carbon dioxide are mixed to make sugar/ food for the plant.
5. Sugar leaves the leaf and moves to different parts of the plant
6. Oxygen leaves the leaf, through stomata.
Photosynthesis takes place in two sequential stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light
independent-reactions. In light-dependent reactions, energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and that
energy is converted into stored chemical energy. In light-independent reactions, the chemical energy
harvested during the light-dependent reactions drives
the assembly of sugar molecules from carbon dioxide.
Therefore, although the light-independent reactions do
not use light as a reactant, they require the products of
the light-dependent reactions to function. In addition,
several enzymes of the light-independent reactions are
activated by light. The light-dependent reactions utilize
certain molecules to temporarily store the energy:
These are referred to as energy carriers. The energy
carriers that move energy from light-dependent
reactions to light-independent reactions can be thought
of as “full” because they are rich in energy. After the
energy is released, the “empty” energy carriers return to
the light-dependent reaction to obtain more energy.

Conclusion/ Summary
● Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light
energy into chemical energy
● Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and water to assemble glucose and releases oxygen into the air
● Eukaryotic autotrophs, such as plants and algae, have organelles called chloroplasts in which
photosynthesis takes place
● Only autotrophs can perform photosynthesis; they require the presence of chlorophyll, a specialized
pigment that can absorb light and convert light energy into chemical energy
References and Supplementary Materials
Online Instructional Videos

1. Photosynthesis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQK3Yr4Sc_k
2. The Calvin Cycle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0UzMaoaXKaM
3. Photosynthesis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uixA8ZXx0KU

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Energy Transformation Week 17

Most Essential Learning Competencies

Lesson Presentation/ Discussion

General Biology 1 Page 1 of 3

General Biology 1 Page 2 of 3

References and Supplementary Materials

Online Instructional Videos

General Biology 1 Page 3 of 3

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