SIS1

Physical geology
SIS 1 – The internal structure of the Earth
Name of the Student:

Deadline: Wednesday, 31st of January 2024 Max. marks: 2
PURPOSE
In this SIS, you will examine some of the fundamental concepts and principles related to
the internal structure of the Earth. This task aims to deepen your understanding of fundamental
geological terms, fostering a comprehensive knowledge of Earth's structure and processes. Also
provides an introduction on how to use Google Earth Pro and will help familiarize you with
many of its features. Although we’ll touch on several more advanced software as the class moves
on, Google Earth Pro is a fast and useful arrow to have in your quiver and we’ll be back to use it
more than once. The steps and analyses we’ll do in this SIS are basic but foundational, and we’ll
build on these as we move forward. The goals for you to take away from this work are:
 Familiarize yourself with the Google Earth Pro (GEP) environment, basic functionality,
and navigation using the software.
 Use different GEP layers and features.
TASK 1: THE EARTH’S INTERNAL COMPOSITION

1. What are the 5 layers of the physical model of the Earth?
2. What are the 4 physical layers of the Earth?
3. What are the three major physical layers of the Earth?
4. Which is the thickest layer?
5. What is the largest physical layer in the Earth?
6. What are chemical layers?
7. Is the crust solid or liquid?
TASK 2: DEFINE EARTH'S COMPONENTS AND GEOLOGICAL TERMS
Objective: Provide clear and concise definitions for various geological terms related to Earth's
components (Fig.1).
1. Geology:
 Define the term "Geology" and briefly describe its scope and significance in Earth
sciences.
2. Atmosphere:
 Provide a definition for the "Atmosphere" and explain its role in supporting life
on Earth.
3. Geosphere:
 Define "Geosphere" and elaborate on the geological features and processes
encompassed by this term.
4. Hydrosphere:
 Offer a definition for the "Hydrosphere" and outline the various water bodies and
their importance on Earth.
5. Biosphere:
 Define the "Biosphere" and discuss the interconnected web of life on Earth,
including ecosystems and biodiversity.
6. Lithosphere:
 Provide a definition for the "Lithosphere" and explain its composition, including
the Earth's crust and upper mantle.
7. Asthenosphere:
 Define the "Asthenosphere" and describe its role in tectonic plate movements and
Earth's dynamic processes.
8. Crust:
 Offer a concise definition for the "Crust" and differentiate between the Earth's
continental and oceanic crust.
9. Mantle:
 Provide a definition for the "Mantle" and describe its composition and
significance in the Earth's structure.
10. Core:
 Define the "Core" and explain its distinction as the Earth's innermost layer.
11. Outer Core:
 Provide a clear definition for the "Outer Core" and discuss its properties and role
in Earth's magnetic field.
12. Inner Core:
 Define the "Inner Core" and describe its composition and state (solid/liquid)
within the Earth's core.
Submission:
 Compile the definitions in a document format.
 Ensure clarity and conciseness in each definition.
 Optionally, include relevant illustrations or diagrams to enhance understanding.
Figure 1 – The Earth Structure

TASK 3: INTRODUCTION TO GOOGLE EARTH: UNVEILING THE WORLD FROM
YOUR SCREEN
In the contemporary era of technology, exploration has transcended physical
boundaries, allowing us to discover the wonders of our planet without leaving the
comfort of our homes. Google Earth, a revolutionary mapping tool, has emerged as a
virtual gateway to the Earth's landscapes, offering an immersive and dynamic experience
like never before.
Developed by Google, Google Earth is a web-based application that provides users
with a captivating journey across the globe. It seamlessly combines satellite imagery,
aerial photography, and 3D terrain to create an interactive platform for exploration. This
tool not only allows us to navigate through cities and natural landmarks but also enables
us to dive into the intricate details of our planet's topography, geology, and cultural
richness.
In this exploration, we will delve into the functionalities of Google Earth,
unlocking the potential to discover geological features, historical sites, and hidden gems.
From the heights of majestic mountain ranges to the depths of ocean trenches, Google
Earth serves as a window to the world, fostering a deeper understanding of our planet's
diverse and interconnected ecosystems.
As we embark on this journey, we will learn how to select and mark geological
objects, uncover their coordinates, and capture the essence of our exploration through
screenshots. Google Earth not only facilitates virtual travel but also opens avenues for
research, education, and environmental awareness.
TASK INSTRUCTIONS:
a) Select 3 Geological Objects:
1. Open Google Earth in your web browser: Google Earth.
2. Use the search bar on the left-hand side to locate the first geological object you want to
select.
3. Once you find the object, click on it to place a marker. A box with information will
appear.
Repeat this process to select a total of 3 geological objects.
b) Write Down Coordinates:
1. For each selected object, note down the latitude, longitude, and altitude. You can find this
information in the box that appears when you click on the marker.
2. The coordinates should look like this:
 Latitude: XX.XXXXXX
 Longitude: YY.YYYYYY
 Altitude: ZZZ.ZZ meters above sea level
Repeat this step for all three geological objects.
c) Take a Screenshot:
1. Position the Google Earth view to show all three selected geological objects.
2. Capture a screenshot of the entire screen. You can use the Snipping Tool (Windows),
Shift + Command + 4 (Mac), or any other screen capture tool you prefer.
Submission:
1. Save the screenshot as an image file (e.g., PNG, JPEG).
2. Compile a document and list the coordinates of each geological object along with their
names or brief descriptions.
3. Attach the screenshot to the document.
This should complete the task. If you have any specific geological objects in mind or need
additional information, feel free to provide more details.

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Physical geology

SIS 1 – The internal structure of the Earth

Name of the Student:

TASK 1: THE EARTH’S INTERNAL COMPOSITION

TASK 2: DEFINE EARTH'S COMPONENTS AND GEOLOGICAL TERMS

Figure 1 – The Earth Structure

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