Structured Query Language

SQL - Day 5

Agenda

 Difference between SQL and

MySQL.
 What is Query
 Different Commands used in SQL
queries
 Different Languages used in SQL
 Usage of SQL languages and SQL commands.
 Establishing connection with MySql Server
 Finding the database present within MYSQL server.
 How to use a particular database present within MYSQL server.
 How to know which database is currently is in Use.
 How to know which are the tables present inside particular
database.
 How to fetch all the data present inside particular table.

Case Study

 Creation of University database and its manipulation.

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Difference between SQL and MySQL.
SQL is a Structured Query Language. It is useful to manage relational databases.

MySQL is an RDBMS to store, retrieve, modify and administrate a database using

SQL.

What is Query?
A query is a question, often expressed in a formal way. A database query can be
either a select query or an action query. A select query is a data retrieval query,
while an action query asks for additional operations on the data, such as insertion,
updating or deletion.

Let Us understand what is query.

Examples for queries.

From the given STUDENT table write a Query to get the

all students details whose grade is greater than 70.

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Query:

SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE THE GRADE > 70;

OUTPUT:

NOTE: Query which we have written had fetched all the student details whose
grade is greater than 70% from STUDENT table and given a separate table as
shown (output) above.

Unlike SELECT command there are many different types of command available in
SQL.

Different Commands used in SQL queries.

Here is the list of different SQL commands:

SQL
Commands

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These commands are classified into different categories of sql languages.

Let us know the Different Languages and

its commands used in SQL.
There are 5 different languages in sql, they are:

1. DDL (DATA Definition Language)

2. DML (DATA Manipulation Language)
3. DCL (DATA control Language)
4. TCL (Transaction Control Language)
5. DQL (DATA Query Language)

Note: SQL statements are categorised into different languages and all the sql
commands are categorised into these different languages as shown below.

What is the usage of these SQL languages

and SQL Commands?

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Usage of SQL Languages and its Commands.

DDL (DATA Definition Language)

DDL(Data Definition Language) : DDL or Data Definition Language actually

consists of the SQL commands that can be used to define the database
schema. It simply deals with descriptions of the database and is used to create
and modify the structure of database objects in the database.

DDL commands:

CREATE – is used to create the database or its objects (like table, index,
function, views, store procedure and triggers).

DROP – is used to delete objects from the database.

ALTER-is used to alter the structure of the database.

TRUNCATE–is used to remove all records from a table, including all spaces
allocated for the records are removed.

DQL (DATA QUERY LANGUAGE):

DQL statements are used for performing queries on the data within database
table
DQL Commands:

SELECT – is used to retrieve data from the database.

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 DML (Data Manipulation Language):

DML (Data Manipulation Language): The SQL commands that deals with the
manipulation of data present in the database belong to DML or Data
Manipulation Language and this includes most of the SQL statements.

DML Commands:

INSERT – is used to insert data into a table.

UPDATE – is used to update existing data within a table.
DELETE – is used to delete records from a database table.

DCL (Data Control Language):

DCL (Data Control Language): DCL includes commands such as GRANT and
REVOKE which mainly deal with the rights, permissions and other controls of
the database system.

DCL commands:

GRANT - gives user’s access privileges to the database.

REVOKE - withdraw user’s access privileges given by using the GRANT
command.

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 TCL (transaction Control Language):

TCL (transaction Control Language): TCL commands deal with the transaction
within the database.

TCL commands:

COMMIT – commits a Transaction.

ROLLBACK – rollbacks a transaction in case of any error occurs.
SAVEPOINT –sets a save point within a transaction.

How to establish a
Connection with MYSQL
server.
Before establishing the connection first install the MYSQL in your system.

MySQL command:
Invokes the MYSQL
sever

-U: Specifies USER

NAME

-P: Specifies Password.

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 How to find the database
present within MYSQL
server.
Show database command:
Used to retrieve all the
database present inside
MYSQL server.

These are the 6 default

database present inside
MYSQL server

How to use a particular

database present within
MYSQL server.

To make use of SAKILA

database present inside
MYSQL server, make use
of USE command
followed with database
name.

USE command: use

command is used to
make use of any
database present inside
the MYSQL server

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 How to know which
database is currently in
Use.
Select database () Command
is used to know which is the
database id currently in use.

How to get to know

which are the tables present
inside particular database?

Select tables () Command is

used to know which are the
tables present inside the
database.

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How to fetch all the data
present inside particular table?

Select * FROM TABLE_NAME

Note: Using the above SQL query we can fetch all the data present inside the
database.

Hey!! I understood about establishing a database connection,

How to find the database present within MYSQL server, How to
know which database is currently is in use, How to get to know
which are the tables present inside particular database, How to
fetch all the data present inside particular table.

But!! How to create new

database and add data
into it??

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 Let’s understand how to create database
and how to add data into it.

Creating University database.

CREATE DATABASE is the

command used to create new
database.

Syntax:
CREATE database_name

Making University Database as current database.

USE University is the command
used to make university
database as the current
database.

Syntax: USE database_name

Finding the data present inside University Database.

SHOW TABLES
command is used to find
the data present inside
current database.

Note: We have created university database but no data has been added to it,
so it is displaying as EMPTY SET. Whenever data is not added into the
database then it displays EMPTY SET.

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Deleting the university database.
Drop DATABASE UNIVERSITY is
the command used to delete a
database from the server.

Syntax:
Drop DATABASE database_name

Note: Once the database is deleted/dropped from the server, then it cannot be
used. If we try to use the database which is not present inside the database
server then it will generate Error message.

How to create table in database and

add data inside table.?

To be continued…

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