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Fundamentals of Data Visualization

This document provides an overview of data visualization in Python using Matplotlib. It discusses key plot types like line plots, bar plots, scatter plots, histograms, box plots, pie charts and area plots. Matplotlib is an open-source Python library for creating visualizations and exporting figures. It provides object-oriented API and integrates well with NumPy and Pandas. Various examples are given to demonstrate customizing plots by changing colors, styles, titles and labels. Data visualization helps understand patterns and relationships in data that may not be evident from raw numbers.

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ssakhare2001
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275 views

Fundamentals of Data Visualization

This document provides an overview of data visualization in Python using Matplotlib. It discusses key plot types like line plots, bar plots, scatter plots, histograms, box plots, pie charts and area plots. Matplotlib is an open-source Python library for creating visualizations and exporting figures. It provides object-oriented API and integrates well with NumPy and Pandas. Various examples are given to demonstrate customizing plots by changing colors, styles, titles and labels. Data visualization helps understand patterns and relationships in data that may not be evident from raw numbers.

Uploaded by

ssakhare2001
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fundamentals of Data

Visualization in python

Data Visualization is the representation of data graphically or


pictorially. Allows high-level Representatives to see analytics, grasp
difficult concepts and identify new patterns at ease.

Ex: Kmeans clustering, Its easier to understand the cluster labeling


done by an algorithm of data.Not possible to label clusters just by
checking raw data.

Famous Anscombe’s Quartet Example explains the importance of


Data Visualization. Python code is readily available.
Matplotlib in python

 open-source python lib for visualization

 creates graphs and plots using a python script. It allows for


saving plots in local systems. Provides Object-oriented API

plt.savefig(‘ScatterPlot.png’)

 It has a Module called Pyplot, which has simple functions used


for visualization. (line, images, text, labels, etc)

 Supports a wide range of graphs

Line plot, Bar plot, Scatter Plot, Histogram

Image Plot, Box plot, Violin Plot, Stream plot, Quiver plot, Area Plot,
Peter Plot, and Donut Plot
 Easy integration with Pandas and Numpy.

Line Plot

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# allows plot to be display below the notebook
%matplotlib inline
#defining the dataset
x=np.arange(0,10,0.1)
y=3*x+5#plotting the datapoints
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.show()

Customizing Line plots (Compare with basic line plot)

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# allows plot to be display below the notebook
%matplotlib inline
#defining the dataset
x=np.arange(0,10,1)
y=3*x+5
#plotting the datapoints
plt.plot(x,y,linewidth =2.0 , linestyle =":",color ='y',alpha
=0.7, marker ='o')
plt.title("Line Plot Demo")
plt.xlabel("X-Axis")
plt.ylabel("Y-Axis")
plt.legend(['line1'], loc='best')
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()

Figure Size

...
y=3*x+5
#changing the figure
fig=plt.figure(figsize=(10,5))
#plotting the datapoints
...

subplots

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plot
%matplotlib inlinex=np.arange(0,10,1)
y1=2*x+5
y2=3*x+10plt.subplot(2,1,1) #A
# B - plt.subplot(1,2,1)
#(height,width,column)
plt.plot(x,y1)
plt.title('Graph1')plt.subplot(2,1,2) #A
# B - plt.subplot(1,2,2)
plt.plot(x,y2)
plt.title('Graph2')
plt.show()

Bar plot

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inlinedata = {'apples':20,'Mangoes':15,
'lemon':30,'Oranges':10}
names =list(data.keys())
values =list(data.values())plt.subplot(3,1,1)
#fig =plt.figure(figsize =(10,5))
plt.bar(names,values,color ="orange")
plt.title("Bar Graph Demo")
plt.xlabel("Fruits")
plt.ylabel("Quantity")plt.subplot(3,1,3)
plt.barh(names,values,color ="orange")
plt.title("Bar Graph Demo")
plt.xlabel("Fruits")
plt.ylabel("Quantity")
plt.show()

Scatter Plots
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline
#dataset Note - a and y1,y2 should be of same size
a=[10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80]
y1=[2,3,5,6,1,4,5,3]
y2=[1,2,3,4,5,5,1,3]plt.scatter(a,y1)
plt.scatter(a,y2)
plt.show()

Customizing Scatter plots compare with the basic plot

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


%matplotlib inline
#dataset Note - a and y1,y2 should be of same size
a=[10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80]
y1=[2,3,5,6,1,4,5,3]
y2=[1,2,3,4,5,5,1,3]plt.scatter(a,y1,
c='g',s=300,edgecolors='y',marker='o',alpha=0.5)
plt.scatter(a,y2,
c='y',s=400,edgecolors='b',marker='3',alpha=1)
plt.legend(['y1','y2'],loc='best')
plt.xlabel("X-Axis")
plt.ylabel("Y-Axis")
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()

Histogr.am

 A histogram is a graphical display of data using bars of


different heights. In a histogram, each bar group numbers
into ranges. Taller bars show that more data falls in that
range. A histogram displays the shape and spread of
continuous sample data.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


%matplotlib inline
numbers =
[10,90,12,16,19,12,20,26,28,30,38,35,34,45,60,68,64,62,70,78,75,
79,85,94,95]
plt.hist(numbers,bins=[0,20,40,60,80,100],
color='#FFF233',edgecolor='#000000')
plt.title("Histogram Demo")
plt.grid(True)
plt.xlabel("Range of values")
plt.ylabel("Freq of values")
plt.show()

Box Plot and Violin Plot

 box plot helps to Analyse data efficiently and does the outer
analysis of data such as outlier, Quartile, etc
 a violin plot is used for large amounts of data, where the
individual representation of data is not possible.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


%matplotlib inline#data
total = [20,4,1,30,20,12,20,70,32,10]
order =[10,3,2,15,17,2,30,44,2,1]
discount = [30,10,20,5,10,20,50,60,20,45]
data = list([total, order, discount])
print(data)plt.boxplot(data,showmeans =True)
plt.title("Box plot Demo")
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


%matplotlib inline#data
total = [20,4,1,30,20,12,20,70,32,10]
order =[10,3,2,15,17,2,30,44,2,1]
discount = [30,10,20,5,10,20,50,60,20,45]
data = list([total, order, discount])
print(data)plt.violinplot(data,showmeans =True,
showmedians=True)
plt.title("Violin plot Demo")
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()

Pie Chart, Donut Chart

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


%matplotlib inline#prepare the dataset
label=['Dog','Cat','Wolf','Lion']
sizes=[50,45,60,80]plt.pie(sizes,labels =label)
plt.title("Pie Chart DEmo")
plt.show()

Customization

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


%matplotlib inline#prepare the dataset
label=['Dog','Cat','Wolf','Lion']
sizes=[50,45,60,80]#add colors
colors =
['#ff9999','#66b3ff','#99ff99','#ffcc99']plt.pie(sizes,labels
=label, colors =colors,autopct='%1.1f%
%' ,shadow=True ,startangle = 90, explode=(0,0.1,0,0))
plt.title("Pie Chart Demo")
plt.show()

#Donut plot
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline
group_names = ["GroupA","GroupB","GroupC"]
group_size=[20,30,50]
size_centre = [5]#colors
colors = ['#ff9999','#66b3ff','#99ff99','#ffcc99']pie1
=plt.pie(group_size, labels = group_names,radius =1.5,colors
=colors)
pie2 = plt.pie(size_centre,radius =1.0,colors ='w')
plt.show()

Area Plots

 similar to Line plot, only difference Area under the slope is


colored
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline#dataset
x=range(1,17)
y=[1,4,6,8,4,5,3,8,8,8,4,1,5,6,8,7]plt.stackplot(x,y)
plt.show()

few customizations

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


%matplotlib inline#dataset
x=range(1,17)
y=[1,4,6,8,4,5,3,8,8,8,4,1,5,6,8,7]plt.stackplot(x,y, colors
='green', alpha =0.5)
plt.plot(x,y, color='g')
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()

More Examples using pandas

DataSet: https://www.dropbox.com/s/v3ux6vy7ajvltz0/
Customerdata.csv?dl=0
1. Build a box-plot for the dataset. x-axis — Contract type, y-axis-
count

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline
customer= pd.read_csv(r'Customerdata.csv')
grp=customer.Contract.value_counts()
x=grp.keys()
y=grp.valuesprint(type(grp.values))plt.bar(x,y,color ="orange")
plt.title("Distribution of Contract in dataset")
plt.xlabel("Contract Type of Customer")
plt.ylabel("count")
plt.show()

2. Build a Histogram. x-axis: Monthly Charges Incurred, y-axis:


count
3. Build scatter plot between TotalCharges(x-axis)vs Tenture(y-
axis).

NOTE: Kernel keeps hanging for scatter plot visualization, restart


and ensure too much data not used.
4. Build Box-plot .x-axis: Payment Method of Customer and y-axis:
Monthly Charges incurred. There are 3 ways of Payment: Electronic
Check, Mailed check and Bank transfer

Try it out yourself :)

Hint :
a=Customer[Customer['PaymentMethod']=='Electronic Check']
b=Customer[Customer['PaymentMethod']=='Mailed Check']
c=Customer[Customer['PaymentMethod']=='Bank transfer']

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