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matplotlib

Matplotlib is a versatile plotting library for creating static, animated, and interactive visualizations, compatible with NumPy and Pandas. It provides various plotting options including line plots, scatter plots, bar charts, histograms, pie charts, and subplots, along with customization features for styles and saving plots. The document includes code examples for each type of plot, demonstrating how to create and customize visualizations effectively.

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Atif Firoz
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© © All Rights Reserved
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4 views

matplotlib

Matplotlib is a versatile plotting library for creating static, animated, and interactive visualizations, compatible with NumPy and Pandas. It provides various plotting options including line plots, scatter plots, bar charts, histograms, pie charts, and subplots, along with customization features for styles and saving plots. The document includes code examples for each type of plot, demonstrating how to create and customize visualizations effectively.

Uploaded by

Atif Firoz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Matplotlib

Matplotlib is a plotting library that allows you to create static, animated, and interactive visualizations. It
works well with NumPy and Pandas to plot data efficiently.

1. IMPORT MATPLOTLIB

Import matplotlib as plt.

2. Basic Plotting: Line Plot

A line plot is the simplest type of plot and is great for visualizing trends in data.

Example: Line Plot

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Data
x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

# Create a line plot


plt.plot(x, y)

# Add title and labels


plt.title('Basic Line Plot')
plt.xlabel('X-axis')
plt.ylabel('Y-axis')

# Show the plot


plt.show()

 plt.plot(x, y): Plots the x values on the x-axis and y values on the y-axis.
 plt.title(): Adds a title to the plot.
 plt.xlabel() and plt.ylabel(): Label the axes.

3. Plotting Multiple Lines

You can plot multiple lines on the same graph.

Example: Multiple Line Plot

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y1 = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
y2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

plt.plot(x, y1, label='y = x^2', color='blue')


plt.plot(x, y2, label='y = x', color='green')
plt.title('Multiple Lines')
plt.xlabel('X-axis')
plt.ylabel('Y-axis')
plt.legend() # Show legend

plt.show()

 plt.plot(): You can specify label for each line and use different colors.
 plt.legend(): Displays the legend to distinguish between multiple lines.

4. Scatter Plot

Scatter plots are useful for visualizing the relationship between two variables.

Example: Scatter Plot

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

plt.scatter(x, y, color='red', label='Data points')

plt.title('Scatter Plot')
plt.xlabel('X-axis')
plt.ylabel('Y-axis')
plt.legend()

plt.show()

 plt.scatter(x, y): Plots x and y as discrete points.


 You can also set the color of the points using the color argument.

5. Bar Chart

Bar charts are ideal for comparing quantities across different categories.

Example: Bar Chart

categories = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']


values = [10, 15, 7, 25]

plt.bar(categories, values, color='orange')

plt.title('Bar Chart')
plt.xlabel('Categories')
plt.ylabel('Values')

plt.show()
 plt.bar(categories, values): Creates a bar chart with the given categories and
values.

6. Histogram

Histograms are used to visualize the distribution of a dataset.

Example: Histogram

import numpy as np

data = np.random.randn(1000) # Generate 1000 random data points

plt.hist(data, bins=30, color='purple', edgecolor='black')

plt.title('Histogram')
plt.xlabel('Value')
plt.ylabel('Frequency')

plt.show()

 plt.hist(data, bins): Plots a histogram of the data with a specified number of bins
(intervals).
 You can also customize the color and edges of the bars.

7. Pie Chart

Pie charts are great for showing proportions of a whole.

Example: Pie Chart

labels = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']


sizes = [10, 20, 30, 40]
colors = ['red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow']

plt.pie(sizes, labels=labels, colors=colors, autopct='%1.1f%%', startangle=90)

plt.title('Pie Chart')

plt.show()

 plt.pie(): Creates a pie chart where you can specify the labels, colors, and other
parameters.
 autopct: Displays the percentage on each slice.
 startangle: Rotates the start angle for better visualization.
8. Subplots

You can create multiple plots in the same figure using subplots.

Example: Subplots

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 1) # Create 2 rows and 1 column of subplots

# Plot in first subplot


axs[0].plot(x, y)
axs[0].set_title('Line Plot')

# Plot in second subplot


axs[1].scatter(x, y)
axs[1].set_title('Scatter Plot')

plt.tight_layout() # Adjust layout to prevent overlapping

plt.show()

 plt.subplots(): Creates a grid of subplots. In this case, 2 rows and 1 column.


 axs[index]: Accesses each subplot to customize it individually.

9. Customization and Styles

You can customize your plots in various ways, like changing line styles, colors, and adding grid
lines.

Example: Customizing a Plot

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

plt.plot(x, y, linestyle='--', color='red', marker='o', markersize=8)

plt.title('Customized Line Plot')


plt.xlabel('X-axis')
plt.ylabel('Y-axis')

plt.grid(True) # Add gridlines

plt.show()

 linestyle: Specifies the line style (e.g., solid, dashed).


 color: Sets the color of the line.
 marker: Adds a marker for each data point (e.g., 'o' for circles).
 markersize: Adjusts the size of the markers.
 grid(True): Adds gridlines to the plot.

10. Saving Plots

Once you're happy with your plot, you can save it to a file.

Example: Save a Plot

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

plt.plot(x, y)
plt.title('Save this Plot')

# Save the plot as a PNG file


plt.savefig('my_plot.png')

plt.show()

 plt.savefig('filename.png'): Saves the plot to the specified file.

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