HOA 4 |Chapter 6

Conservation,
Preservation,
& Restoration
PRESENTED BY GROUP 6
OBJECTIVES:

Apply in architectural design the conservation, preservation, and restoration definition and
objectives, laws; issues and concerns

2.Inculcate the importance of natural and built heritage and its effects on architectural
profession
DISCUSSIONS:

Heritage is a public good, essential for national identity, national

cohesion, employment generation, education, and cultural and
religious values.

Conservation
Preservation
Restoration
Laws Affecting Philippine Cultural
Heritage Conservation,
Preservation, & Restorqtion
Republic Act. No. 4846: Cultural Heritage
Conservation, Preservation, & Restoration

An act to repeal act numbered three

hundred seventy four, and to provide for
the protection and preservation of
Philippine cultural properties, as
amended by Presidential Decree 374.
Laws Affecting Philippine Cultural
Heritage Conservation,
Preservation, & Restorqtion
Presidential Decree No. 374: Cultural Properties
Preservation and Protection Act
a. Cultural properties are old buildings, monuments, shrines, documents, and
objects which may be classified as antiques, relics, or, artifacts, landmarks,
anthropological and historical sites, and scientific value and significance to the
nation; such as physical, anthropological, archeological and ethnographical
materials.

b. Cultural properties which have been singled out from among the
innumerable cultural properties as having exceptional historical and cultural
significance to the Philippines, but are not sufficiently outstanding to merit the
classification of “ National Cultural Treasures” are important cultural properties.
Laws Affecting Philippine Cultural
Heritage Conservation,
Preservation, & Restorqtion
Republic Act No. 7356 Creation of the National
Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA)
The national Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) hereby promulgates
the Amended Rules and Regulations of 2007 to implement Republic act No.
7356, otherwise known as the “ Law Creating the National Commission for
Culture and the Arts”

Republic Act No. 10066 National Cultural Heritage Act of

2009
An act providing for the protection and conservation of the national cultural
heritage, strengthening the national commission for culture and the arts (NCCA)
and its affiliated cultural agencies, and for other purposes
 ARTICLE III
Cultural Property
"SECTION 4. Categories.- The cultural property of the country shall be categorised as follows:
a.) National Cultural Treasures
b.) Important Cultural Property
c.) World Heritage Sites
d.) National Historic shrine
e.) National Historical Monument; and,
f.) National Historical Landmark

SECTION 5. Cultural Property Considered Important Cultural Property For purposes of protecting a cultural property against
exportation, modification or demolition, the following works shall be considered Important Cultural Property, unless declared
otherwise by the pertinent cultural agency:

Unless declared by the Commission, Unless declared by the National Historical Institute
a.) Works by a Manlilikha ng Bayan d.) works of national heroes
b.) works by a National Artist e.) marked structure
f.) structures dating at least fifty yrs old

Unless declared by the NAtional Museum, Unless declared by the National Archives
c.) Archeological and traditional ethnographic materials g.) Archival material/document dating at least fifty years old
Republic Act. no. 10086 Strengthening People’s Nationalism through Philippine
History Act

An act of strengthening people’s nationalism through philippine history by changing the

nomenclature of the national historical institute into the national historical commission of the
philippines,strengthening its powers and functions, and for other purposes.

Sec.2. Declaration of policy.- It is hereby declared to be the policy of the state to conserve , promote,
and popularise the nation's historical and cultural heritage and resources. Pursuant to the Constitution,
all the country’s artistic and historic wealth constitutes the cultural treasure of the nation and shall be
under the protection of the state which may regulate its disposition.
 CHARTERS AFFECTING PHILIPPINE CULTURAL
HERITAGE CONDERVATION, PRESERVATION, &
RESTORATION

Venice Charter
officially known as the "International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites," is a
significant document in the field of cultural heritage preservation and restoration. It was adopted in 1964 during the 2nd
International Congress of Architects and Specialists of Historic Buildings, which took place in Venice, Italy.

The Venice Charter provides guidelines and principles for the conservation and restoration of historic buildings and sites.
Here are some of the main points and significance of the Venice Charter:

Principles of Conservation
Restoration vs. Reconstruction
Materials and Techniques
Integrity and Setting
Documentation
Professional Expertise
Public Awareness
Accordingly, the Ilnd International Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historic Monuments, which
met in Venice from May 25th to 31st 1964, approved the ff. text:

Definitions

Article 1. The concept of a historic monument embraces not only the single architectural work but also the
urban or rural setting in which is found the evidence of a particular civilization, a significant development or a
historic event. This applies not only to great works of art but also to more modest works of the past which
have acquired cultural significance with the passing of time.

Article 2. The conservation and restoration of monuments must have recourse to all the sciences and techniques
which can contribute to the study and safeguarding of the architectural heritage.

Article 3. The intention in conserving and restoring monuments is to safeguard them no less as works of art
than as historical evidence.
CONSERVATION

Article 4. It is essential to the conservation of monuments that they be maintained on a permanent basis.

Article 5. The conservation of monuments is always facilitated by making use of them for some socially useful
purpose. Such use is therefore desirable but it must not change the lay-out or decoration of the building. It is within
these limits only that modifications demanded by a change of function should be envisaged and may be permitted.

Article 6. The conservation of a monument implies preserving a setting which is not out of scale. Wherever the
traditional setting exists, it must be kept. No new construction, demolition or modification which would alter the
relations of mass and colour must be allowed.

Article 7. A monument is inseparable from the history to which it bears witness and from the setting in which it
occurs. The moving of all or part of a monument cannot be allowed except where safeguarding of that monument
demands it or where it is justified by national or international interest of paramount importance.

Article 8. Items of sculpture, painting or decoration which form an integral part of a monument may only be
removed from it if this is the sole means of ensuring their preservation.
RESTORATION
Article 9. The process of restoration is a highly specialized operation. Its aim
is to preserve and reveal the aesthetic and historic value of the monument
and is based on respect for original material and authentic documents.

Article 10. Where traditional techniques prove inadequate, the consolidation

of a monument can be achieved using any modern technique for
conservation and construction, the efficacy of which has been shown by
scientific data and proved by experience.

Article 11. The valid contributions of all periods to the building of a

monument must be respected since unity of style is not the aim of a
restoration.

Article 12. Replacements of missing parts must integrate harmoniously with

the whole, but at the same time must be distinguishable from the original so
that restoration does not falsify the artistic or historic evidence.

Article 13. Additions cannot be allowed except in so far as they do not detract
from the interesting parts of the building, its traditional setting, the balance
of its composition and its relationship with its surroundings.
HISTORIC SITES
Article 14. The sites of monuments must be the object of special
care to safeguard their integrity and ensure that they are
cleared and presented in a seemly manner.

EXCAVATIONS
Article 15. Excavations should be carried out in accordance with scientific standards and the recommendation
defining international principles to be applied in the case of archaeological excavation adopted by UNESCO in
1956.

Nara Document on Authenticity

At the Nara Conference on Authenticity, held from 1-6
November 1994, forty-five participants from twenty-eight
countries discussed the many complex issues associated with
defining and assessing authenticity. It was noted that in some
languages of the world, therein no word to precisely express the
concept of authenticity.
PREAMBLE
1. We, the experts assembled in Nara (Japan), wish to acknowledge the generous spirit and intellectual
courage of the Japanese authorities in providing a timely forum in which we could challenge conventional
thinking in the conservation field, and debate ways and means of broadening our horizons to bring greater
respect for cultural and heritage diversity to conservation practice.

2. We also wish to acknowledge the value of the framework for discussion provided by the World Heritage
Committee's desire to apply the test of authenticity in ways which accord full respect to the social and
cultural values of all societies, in examining the outstanding universal value of cultural properties proposed
for the World Heritage List.

3. The Nara Document Authenticity is conceived in the spirit of the Charter of Venice, 1964, and builds on it
and extends it in response to the expanding scope of cultural heritage concerns and interests in our
contemporary world.

4. In a world that is increasingly subject to the forces of globalization and homogenization, and in a world
where the search for cultural identity is sometimes pursued through aggressive nationalism and the
suppression of the cultures of minorities, the essential contribution made by the consideration of
authenticity in conservation practice is to clarify and illuminate the collective memory of humanity.
CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND HERITAGE DIVERSITY
5. The diversity of cultures and heritage in our world an irreplaceable source of spiritual and intellectual
richness for all humankind. The protection and enhancement of cultural and heritage diversity in our world
should be actively promoted as an essential aspect of human development.

6. Cultural heritage diversity exists in time and space and demands respect for other cultures and all aspects
of their belief systems. In cases where cultural values appear to be in conflict, respect for cultural diversity
demands acknowledgement of the legitimacy of the cultural values of all parties.

7. All cultures and societies are rooted in the forms and means of tangible and intangible expression which
constitute their heritage, and these should be respected.

8. It is important to underline a fundamental principle of UNESCO, to the effect that the cultural heritage of
each is the cultural heritage of all. Responsibility for cultural heritage and the management of it belongs, in
the first place, to the cultural community that has generated it, and subsequently, to that which cares for it.
However, to these responsibilities, adherence to the international charters and conventions developed for
conservation of cultural heritage obliges consideration of the principles and responsibilities flowing from
them Balancing their own requirements with those of other cultural communities is for each community,
highly desirable, provided achieving this balance does not undermine their fundamental cultural values.
VALUES AND AUTHENTICITY
9. Conservation of cultural heritage in all forms and historical periods is rooted in the values attributed of
the heritage

10. Authenticity, considered in this way and affirmed in the Charter of Venice, appears as the essential
qualifying factor concerning values

11. All judgments about values attributed to cultural properties as well as the credibility of related
information sources may differ from culture to culture, and even within the same culture

12. Therefore, it is of the highest importance and urgency that, within each culture, recognition be
accorded to the specific nature of its heritage values and the credibility and truthfulness of related
information sources

13. Depending on the nature of the cultural heritage, and its cultural context, authenticity. judgments may
be linked to the worth of a great variety of sources of information
The Burra Charter
The Burra Charter provides guidance for the conservation and management of places of cultural significance (cultural
heritage places), and is based on the knowledge and experience of Australia ICOMOS members

The Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict
It is an international treaty that requires its signatories to protect cultural property in war or armed conflict

The States that are party to the Convention benefit from the mutual commitment of more than 115 States with a view to
sparing cultural heritage from consequences of possible armed conflicts through the implementation of the following
measures:

Adoption of peacetime safeguarding measures such as the preparation of inventories, the planning of emergency measures for
protection against fire or structural collapse, the preparation for the removal of movable cultural property or the provision for
adequate in situ protection of such property, and the designation of competent authorities responsible for the safeguarding of
cultural property;

Respect for cultural property situated within their own territory as well as within the territory of other States Parties by refraining from
any use of the property and its immediate surroundings or of the appliances in use for its protection for purposes likely to expose it to
destruction or damage in the event of armed conflict, and by refraining from any act of hostility directed against such property;

Consideration of the possibility of registering a limited number of refuges, monumental centres and other immovable cultural
property of very great importance in the International Register of Cultural Property under Special Protection in order to obtain special
protection for such property;

Consideration of the possibility of marking of certain important buildings and monuments with a distinctive emblem of the
Convention;
 Different Organizations for Heritage Conservation

01 02 03 04
United Nations ICOMOS Bakás Pilipinas - The Heritage
Educational, (International Council Historic Conservation Society
Scientific and or Monuments and Preservation (HCS)
Cultural Sites) Society (Philippine-
Organization based)
(UNESCO)
MISSION
The HCS will be the prime mover and advocate for
the preservation of Philippine built heritage Why conserve
resources in order to contribute towards the
establishment of a Society that preserves and values
its cultural heritage through advocacy and
heritage?
volunteerism, project implementation, education
and information.

Heritage conservation
maintains links with our past
by preserving significant
VISION structures, historical and
cultural sites and settings.
A Filipino society that values and preserves its
cultural heritage in order to instill pride of place and
strengthen Philippine national identity.
The National Historical Commission of the Philippines
(NHCP), established in 1972 as the National Historical
Institute, integrates various historical functions.
Governed by R.A. 10086, NHCP is dedicated to
conserving and preserving the Philippines' historical
legacies. Its focus includes cultural programs, historical
studies, curatorial works, architectural conservation,
and the protection of relics and memorabilia. NHCP
actively commemorates significant historical events,
personages, and ensures the proper representation of
the national government and its divisions.
Conservation Efforts in the Philippines: World Heritage
Sites and Baroque Churches The Philippines actively
participates in conservation efforts, particularly through
its World Heritage Sites, defined by the World Heritage
Convention. These sites encompass natural, cultural,
and mixed properties, showcasing intense beauty,
environmental balance, and human creativity.
Conservation Efforts in the Philippines: World Heritage
Sites and Baroque Churches

The Philippines actively participates in conservation

efforts, particularly through its World Heritage Sites,
defined by the World Heritage Convention. These sites
encompass natural, cultural, and mixed properties,
showcasing intense beauty, environmental balance, and
human creativity.
Among these, the Baroque Churches of the Philippines, built
by Spanish craftsmen in the late 16th century, are notable
examples of architectural reinterpretation. The San Agustin
Church in Intramuros, Manila, stands as a superb testament
to Spanish influence, featuring original Mexican-style wall
paintings and an extraordinary structural design supported
by a raft foundation for earthquake resilience.

The church also houses a significant collection of religious

art and historical artifacts. Similarly, Nuestra Señora dela
Asunción in Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur, deviates from traditional
Spanish town planning, standing alone on a freestanding hill
with a citadel appearance. Evoking a Mediterranean hill
town, it is a unique example in the Philippines, showcasing
the rich diversity of the country's cultural and architectural
heritage.
 Church of San Agustin, Paoay
-Began construction in 1604 and finally completed in 1710.
-Most outstanding ‘’ earthquake baroque’’
-Primary concern was to design the church for earthquake protection
-Coral stone bell tower standing at some distance from the church for
earthquake protection
-Most outstanding feature is the phalanx of buttresses that just out
perpendicularly from sides to strengthen that walls against earthquake damage
- Fourteen s- shaped buttresses rise in rhythmic cadence from the ground almost
reaching the roof line
 SANTO THOMAS DE VILLANUEVA
CHURCH IN MIAG AO, ILO- ILO
-Built of local yellow –orange sandstone, fortress church
-Completed In1797
-It withstood typhoons and earthquakes, and burned down
-During the revolution against Spain in 1898
-During the philippiens-american
-Best example of ‘’fortress baroque’’
-The façade of the church a Filipino master, unknown master carver inside its
entire surface in the relief
-The church of santo Thomas de Villanueva is one of the best examples of the
fusion of the western baroque style embellished with filipino folks motif
 HISTORIC CITY OF VIGAN ILOCOS SUR
-During the height of the Spanish colonial era in the 8th and 19th centuries,
Vigan or ‘’cuidad femandina de vigan was thethird most important city after
manila and cebu.
-It was the center of Spanish colonial power in northern Luzon
-Large and imposing buildings evoke political and religious power
-The architectural ensemble shows that vigan was the political, economic,
religious, and artistic center of the region
-The town is a living testament to the Spanish colonial era
NOTABLE VIGAN URBAN SPACES
The provincial capitol building
 Simbaan a bassit
(catholic cemetery chapel)
calle crisologo
 IFUGAO OR BANAUE RICE
TERRACES IN IFUGAO
-The rice terraces of the philippines cordilleras have such a powerful presence
that makes them one of the most ooutstanding places in the country
-High in the remote areas of the philippine cordillera mountain range, scholars
believe, slopes have been terraced and plantedwith rice as far as 2000 years
-Existance in the cordillera unites man with nature, and the unparalleled view
show how man shaped the landscape to allow him to grow rice.
-Most filipinos regard the terraces as their greatest national symbol
 PUERTO PRINCESA
SUBTERRANEAN RIVER
NATIONAL PARK PALAWAN
-Located in the saint paul mountain range, 81 kilometers from the center of
puerto pricesa city, but still within the city boundaries.
-Its geological features are unique and the subterranean river is said to be among
the longest in the worl measuaring up to 8.2 kilometers
-It is also one of the few in the worldd that flow into the sea from an inland
source.
 LIME STONES PLATEAUS
-The extensive rainforest of the park is the habitat of
various landforms and endangered species of flora and
fauna.
 TUBBATAHA REEF NATIONAL
MARINE PARK, SOUTH SULU
SEA, PALAWAN
-‘’Tubbataha’’ drives from two samal words meaning a long
reef exposed only to low tide ‘’ tubbayaha reef, the only
national marine park in the philippines, Is an underwater
site consissting of two coral atolls with 100- meter
perpendicular wall Covering an area of 10000 hectars
situated at the center of the sulu sea, about 150 kilometers
southeast of puerto pricesa city abd located in cagancilio

-Marine biologist believe that its underwatergarden

harboar a diversity of marine life that surpresses reef of
the same size in any other part of the world.
 TUBBATAHA REEF NATIONAL
MARINE PARK, SOUTH SULU
SEA, PALAWAN
-The country’s first inscription on the UNESCO world
heritage list in 1993 was the tubbataha reef national
marine park in palawan, a distinction so appropriate for an
island nation that traditionally looks toward to the sea as a
life giving force,the traditional center of people lives.

-Cited as one the most outsatnding coral reef’s In

southeast asia, nothing that in the 33,200 hectars of the
tubbataha reef lies an atll reef with a very high density of
marine species, a phenomenon unique in the world and a
site of irreplaceable universal values