Notes 2

Motivating
 Motivating is the management action of giving employees reasons or

incentives to work to achieve organizational objectives. Motivation is
the process of activating behavior, sustaining it, and directing it
towards a particular goal.
 The factors contributing to motivation consist of: (1) willingness to do
a job, (2) self-confidence in carrying out a task, and (3) needs
satisfaction.
 There are four theories of motivation that are crucial to management:
These are:
o Maslow's need hierarchy theory
o Herzberg's two-factor theory
o Expectancy theory
o Goal setting theory
 Various techniques of motivation consist of: a) motivation through job
design, 2) motivation through rewards, 3) motivation through
employee participation, and 4) other motivation techniques like flexible
work schedules, family support services, and sabbaticals.
Questions & Answers:
1. Why is motivation relevant to the job of the engineer manager?
Motivation is relevant to the job of the engineer manager because it

drives and inspires the engineering team, leading to improved
performance, increased job satisfaction, and better team dynamics.
2. Are motivation techniques applicable to engineers? Cite

examples.
Yes, motivation techniques are applicable to engineers. Examples include

providing challenging work assignments, recognizing achievements,
fostering a supportive work environment, promoting growth
opportunities, and offering autonomy.
3. When Maslow insinuated that needs are hierarchical, what does
he mean?
Maslow's insinuation of hierarchical needs means that human needs can

be arranged in a prioritized order, starting from basic physiological needs
to higher-level needs such as self-actualization.
4. What factors are associated with employee satisfaction and

dissatisfaction?
Factors associated with employee satisfaction include job security,

meaningful work, supportive management, recognition, and opportunities
for growth. Dissatisfaction may arise from poor work conditions, lack of
recognition, inadequate compensation, or limited career advancement.
5. What are expectancies and valences? How do they affect

performance?
Expectancies refer to an individual's belief in their ability to accomplish a

task, while valences represent the attractiveness or value they place on
the rewards associated with task performance. Both expectancies and
valences impact motivation and performance, as higher belief in ability
and perceived rewards lead to increased effort and performance.
6. What is meant by goal setting? What are the components of the

goal setting model?
Goal setting involves establishing specific objectives that an individual or

team aims to achieve within a defined timeframe. The components of the
goal setting model include setting challenging and specific goals,
providing feedback, promoting goal commitment, and creating an action
plan.
7. How may an individual be motivated through job design?
Motivation through job design can be achieved by incorporating elements

such as task variety, autonomy, opportunities for skill development,
feedback, and a sense of purpose in the job design process. These factors
can increase motivation and engagement.
8. How may rewards be classified?
Rewards can be classified into intrinsic and extrinsic categories. Intrinsic

rewards are internal and come from the satisfaction derived from the
work itself, such as a sense of accomplishment. Extrinsic rewards are
external and tangible, such as salary, bonuses, promotions, or
recognition.
9. In what specific activities may employees participate?
Employees can participate in a range of activities such as training and

development programs, team-building exercises, innovation initiatives,
decision-making processes, problem-solving sessions, and continuous
improvement efforts.
10. What benefits are made possible under flexible work

schedules?
Flexible work schedules offer benefits such as improved work-life balance,

increased employee satisfaction and morale, reduced commuting time
and expenses, enhanced productivity, and the ability to accommodate
individual preferences and personal commitments.

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Motivating

 Motivating is the management action of giving employees reasons or

Questions & Answers:

1. Why is motivation relevant to the job of the engineer manager?

Motivation is relevant to the job of the engineer manager because it

2. Are motivation techniques applicable to engineers? Cite

Yes, motivation techniques are applicable to engineers. Examples include

Maslow's insinuation of hierarchical needs means that human needs can

4. What factors are associated with employee satisfaction and

Factors associated with employee satisfaction include job security,

5. What are expectancies and valences? How do they affect

Expectancies refer to an individual's belief in their ability to accomplish a

6. What is meant by goal setting? What are the components of the

Goal setting involves establishing specific objectives that an individual or

Motivation through job design can be achieved by incorporating elements

8. How may rewards be classified?

Rewards can be classified into intrinsic and extrinsic categories. Intrinsic

9. In what specific activities may employees participate?

Employees can participate in a range of activities such as training and

10. What benefits are made possible under flexible work

Flexible work schedules offer benefits such as improved work-life balance,

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