DX DT 1 2 10: Oscillations

Oscillati ons
SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS
d2 x
1. The equation of motion of a particle of mass 1 g is + p2x = 0 where x is displacement(in m)from
dt2
mean position . The frequency of oscillation is (in Hz) :
1 1
(A) (B) 2 (C) 5 10 (D)
2 5 10
Ans. (A)
w p 1
Sol. w2 = p2 Þ w = p Þ f = = = Hz
2p 2 p 2
2. Two bodies performing S.H.M. have same amplitude and frequency. Their phases at a certain instant are
as shown in the figure. The phase difference between them is
11 5 3
(A) p (B) p (C) p (D) p
6 3 5
Ans. (C)
Sol. -A A
O
-A A
O
A cosq =A
q q
A/2 A/2
JPR\COMP.251\D\Allen(IIT-JEE Wing)\2022-23\Nurture\Physics\Unit-06\1-Oscillations
A/2 1 p
cos q = = Þq=
A 2 3
Total phase difference between them
1
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3. The figure shows the displacement time graph of a particle executing S.H.M.
If the time period of oscillation is 2 s the equation of motion of its SHM
is
(A) x = 10sin(pt+ p/3)
(B) x = 10sin pt
(C) x = 10sin(pt+ p/6)
(D) x = 10 sin (2pt+p/6)
Ans. (C)
Sol. 10
5
0
From figure
maximum amplitude A = 10
Position of particle at t = 0, x =5
let equation of SHM is
x = Asin(wt+f) At t = 0, x = 5
2p 2p
5 = 10 sinfÞ f = p/6 and w = = =p
T 2
æ pö
Thus, equation of SHM x = 10 sin çè pt + ÷ø
6
4. A particle executes S.H.M. along a straight line with mean position x = 0, period 20 s and amplitude 5 cm. The
shortest time taken by the particle to go from x = 4 cm to x = -3cm is
(A) 4 s (B) 7 s (C) 5 s (D) 6 s
Ans. (C)
Sol. Minimum phase difference between two position
4 5
= 53° + 37° = 90° 53° 4
37°
3
3
T 20
Þ Time taken = = = 5s
4 4
OR
-3 4
-5 5
2p 2 p p 3 4
w= = =
T 20 10
5 5
q 2 q1
p
from figure q1 + q2 = 53° + 37° = 90° or
2
p p
q =wt Þ = t Þ t = 5 sec
2 10
2
Oscillati ons
5. A particle is subjected to two mutually perpendicular simple harmonic motions such that its x and y coordinates
æ pö
are given by: x = 2 sin wt; y = 2 sin çè wt + ÷ø . The path of the particle will be
4
(A) an ellipse (B) a straight line (C) a parabola (D) a circle
Ans. (A)
Sol. x = 2sinwt &
æ pö
y = 2sin çè wt + ÷ø = 2 sin wt + 2 cos wt
4
Þ x2 + y2 - 2xy = 2
which represent oblique ellipse
6. The period of a particle is 8s. AT t = 0 it is at the mean position. The ratio of distance covered by the particle
in first second and second will be-
2 -1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) éë 2 - 1ùû
2 2 2 -1
Ans. (C)
Sol. Q x = A sin wt
\ x1 = A sin w & x1 + x2 = A sin(2w)
2p 2p p A
w= = = Þ x1 = & x1 + x2 = A
T 8 4 2
A x1 1
Þ x2 = A– . Therefore x =
2 2 2 -1
OR
Suppose amplitude be A and distance traveled in 1 sec be x1 and in 2 sec be x2.
2p p -A t=0 A
f=wt = 1= x1 x2
8 4 80
p
Therefore q = f
4 q
6 2
p x1
cos q = cos =
4 A
A
Þ x1 = & x1 + x2 =A
2 -A 4 A
æ 2 - 1ö x1 1
Þ x2 = A ç ÷ . Therefore x =
è 2 ø 2 2 -1
7. The displacement of a particle varies with time as x = 12 sin w t - 16 sin 3 w t (in cm). If its motion is S.H.M., then
its maximum acceleration is
(A) 12 w 2 (B) 36 w 2 (C) 144 w 2 (D) 192 w 2

Ans. (B)
Sol. x = 12 sin w t - 16 sin 3 w t = 4[3 sin w t - 4 sin 3 w t]
= 4[sin 3w t] (By using sin 3q = 3 sin q - 4 sin 3 q )
\ maximum acceleration Amax = (3w )2 ´ 4 = 36w 2
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8. The time taken by a particle performing S.H.M. to pass from point A to B where its velocities are
same is 2 seconds. After another 2 seconds it returns to B. The time period of oscillation is (in
seconds) :
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8
Ans. (D)
Sol. Time period = 4(1+1) = 8
v v
Mean
A Position B 2s
9. A pendulum is suspended in a lift and its period of oscillation when the lift is stationary is T0. What must
be the acceleration of the lift for the period of oscillation of the pendulum to be T0/2 ?
(A) 2g downward (B) 2g upward (C) 3g downward (D) 3g upward
Ans. (D)
l
Sol. T0 = 2p g eff ...(i)
a0
T
T0 l
Now = 2p ...(ii)
2 g+a
mg
g+a
Þ = 4 Þ a = 3g (upwards)
g
10. A system of two identical rods (L-shaped) of mass m and length l are resting
on a peg P as shown in the figure. If the system is displaced in its plane by a l P l
small angle q , find the period of oscillations
2l 2 2l
(A) 2p (B) 2p
3g 3g
2l l
(C) 2p (D) 3p
3g 3g
Ans. (B)
l
Sol. Center of mass 2m of a system is at a distance from peg P is and moment of inertia of the system is
2 2
2ml2 w
3 q
P
l
t = r ´ F = -mgsin q
l/ Ö 2
2 2 C.M. q
l
mgsinq
Þ Ia = -mg sin q ( sin q ; q for small q ) mg mgcosq
2 2
2ml2 l 3gq
Þ a = -mgq Þa=- = -w2 q

3 2 2 2 2l
3g 2p 2 2l
Þw= ÞT= = 2p
2 2l w 3g
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Oscillati ons
11. A man of mass 60 kg standing on a plateform executing S.H.M. in the vertical plane . The displacement
from the mean position varies as y = 0.5 sin (2p ft). The minimum value of f, for which the man will feel
weightlessness at the highest point is : (y is in metres)
g 2g
(A) 4 p (B) 4 pg (C) (D) 2p 2g
2p
Ans. (C)
Sol. For weightlessness
mg = mw2a Þ g = (2pf)2 (0.5)
2g
Þ 2pf = 2 g Þ f =
2p
12. A heavy brass-sphere is hung from a spiral spring and it executes vertical vibrations with period T. The ball is
now immersed in nonviscous liquid with a density one-tenth that of brass. When set into vertical vibrations with
the sphere remaining inside the liquid all the time, the period will be-
é9ù 10 æ 9ö
(A) ê ú T (B) T æç ö÷ (C) Unchanged (D) T çè ÷ø
ë 10 û è 9ø 10
Ans. (C)
Sol. T' 1 10
= Þ T' = T
T æ rL ö 9
çè 1 = r ø÷
13. A moving particle of mass m has one-dimensional potential energy U(x) = ax2 + bx4, where 'a' and 'b' are
positive constants. The angular frequency of small oscillations about the minima of the potential energy is equal to
a a 2a a
(A) p (B) 2 (C) (D)
2b m m 2m
Ans. (C)
Sol. U(x) = ax2 + bx4
¶U
F=– =–2ax – 4bx3 » –2ax for small x
¶x
2a
So mw2 = 2a Þ w =
m
14. A particle performs S.H.M. of amplitude A with angular frequency w along a straight line. When it is at
3 1
a distance A from mean position, its kinetic energy gets increased by an amout mw2A2 due to an
2 2
impulsive force. Then its new amplitude becomes-
5 3
(A) A (B) A (C) 2A (D) 5A
2 2
Ans. (C)
3
Sol. at x = A
2
1 æ 3 ö 1
KE = mw2 ç A 2 - A 2 ÷ = mw2 A2
2 è 4 ø 8
1 2 2
KE is increased by an amount of mw A . Let now amplitude be A1 then total KE
2
1 2 2 1 2 2
KE1= mw A + mw A
8 2
5 1 æ 3 ö
= mw2 A2 = mw2 ç A12 - A2 ÷ Þ A1 = 2A
8 2 è 4 ø
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15. A simple pendulum performs simple harmonic motion about X = 0 with an amplitude A and time period T.
A
The speed of the pendulum at X = will be :
2
pA 3 pA pA 3 3p 2 A
(A) (B) (C) (D)
T T 2T T
Ans. (A)
Sol. As we know,
V = w A2 – x 2
A2 3 Aw 3 Ap
V = w A2 – = = .
4 2 T
16. The graph shows the variation of displacement of a particle executing S.H.M. with time. We inference from this graph
that :–
3T T
(A) the force is zero at time (B) the velocity is maximum at time
4 2
T
(C) the acceleration is maximum at time T (D) the P.E. is equal to half of total energy at time
2
Ans. (B) 3T
Sol. For (A) : at t= , particle at extreme position
4
Q a = –w2x \ F ¹ 0
For (B) at t = T/2, particle at mean position

v = wA(maximum)
For (C) : at t=T, particle at mean position

Þa = –w2x =0
For (D) : at t =T/2, particle at mean position

1 2
so x = 0 Þ U = kx = 0
2
17. A block P of mass m is placed on a horizontal frictionless plane. A second

block of same mass m is placed on it and is connected to a spring of spring
constant k, the two blocks are pulled by distance A. Block Q oscillates k µs
Q
without slipping. What is the maximum value of frictional force between
the two blocks:– P
kA
(A) (B) kA (C) µSmg (D) zero
2
Ans. (A)
Sol. At maximum elongation in spring, acceleration of (P + Q) system will be maximum. Hence friction force
on P will be maximum at that instant.
kA
Acceleration ‘a (P+Q)’ =
2m
kA
Hence friction force on P ‘f’ = ma(P+Q) =
2
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Oscillati ons
18. The displacement equation of a particle is x = 3 sin 2t + 4 cos 2t. The amplitude and maximum velocity will be
respectively
(A) 5, 10 (B) 3, 2 (C) 4, 2 (D) 3, 4
Ans. (A)
19. Acceleration a and time period T of a body in S.H.M. is given by a curve shown below. Then corresponding
graph between kinetic energy KE and time t is correctly represented by
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Ans. (A)
Sol. From the graph, equation of acceleration can be written as
a = – amax cos wt
\ velocity can be written is
v = – vmax sin wt.
1 1
KE = mv2= mv2max sin2 wt
2 2
Hence the graph is as shown in A
20. Vertical displacement of a plank with a body of mass 'm' on it is varying according to law
y = sinwt + 3 coswt. The minimum value of w for which the mass just breaks off the plank and the moment
it occurs first after t = 0 are given by : (y is positive vertically upwards)
g p 2 g 2p g p p 2p
(A) , (B) , (C) , (D) 2g ,
2 6 g 2 3 g 2 3 g 2g
Ans. (A)
æ pö
Sol. y = sin wt + 3 cos wt = 2sin çè wt + ÷ø
3
To breaks off mg
2 g
mg = mw min A Þ g = 2w2min Þ w =
2
moment it occurs first after t = 0
æ pö p p p 2
2 = 2 sin ç wt1 + ÷ Þ wt1 = Þ t1 = =
è 3ø 6 6w 6 g
21. A solid cylinder of mass M attached to a massless spring of force constant k is placed on a horizontal surface
in such a way that cylinder can roll without slipping. If the system is released from the stretched position of
the spring, then the period will be-
M 3M M 2M
(A) 2p (B) 2p (C) 2p (D) 2p
k 2k 2k 3k
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JE E-Physics
Ans. (B)
1 1 1
Sol. Total energy mv 2 + I cm w 2 + kx 2
2 2 2
As this remain constant with time and w = V/R
d é1 2 1 v2 1 2 ù
ê mu + I cm 2 + kx ú = 0
dt ë 2 2 R 2 û
1 dv 1 é dv ù 1 é dx ù
= (2v)m + I cm ê 2v ú + k ê(2x) ú = 0
2 dt 2R 2 ë dt û 2 ë dt û
dv dx 1
Now = a, = v; Icm = mR 2
dt dt 2
m -2k
mva + va + kxv = 0 ; a= x
2 3m
2 2k
Comparing with a = -w x, w =
3m
2p 3m
T= = 2p
w 2k
Q
22. A ball is suspended by a thread of length L at the point O on the wall PQ which is
inclined to the vertical through an angle a. The thread with the ball is now displaced O
through a small angle b away from the vertical and the wall. If b < a, then the time
b
period of oscillation of the pendulum will be- a
C
L L é -1 æ a ö ù
(A) 2p (B) 2p ê p + 2sin çè b ø÷ ú A
g g ë û P B
L ép -1 æ a ö ù
(C) 2p g ê 2 + sin çè b ø÷ ú (D) None of the above
ë û
Ans. (A)
L
Sol. As b <a so T = 2p
g
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Oscillati ons
SECTION - 1 : MULTIPLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS

1. A cylindrical block of density r is partially immersed in a liquid of density 3r . The plane surface of the block
remains parallel to the surface of the liquid. The height of the block is 60 cm. The block performs SHM when
displaced from its mean position. [Use g = 9.8 m/s 2]
(A) the maximum amplitude is 20 cm. (B) the maximum amplitude is 40 cm
(C) the time period will be 2p/7 seconds (D) none
Ans. (A,C)
Sol. When cylindrical block is partially immersed
FB = mg Þ 3rAyg = rA(60× 10–2) g
y = 20 cm
Þ Maximum amplitude = 20 cm 40cm
Restoring force when it is slightly depressed by an amount of x.

20cm
F= – (DVsg) = – (Asg)x
m rAh h
Þ T = 2p = 2p = 2p
Asg A3rg 3g
60 ´ 10 -2 2p
= 2p = s
3 ´ 9.8 7
2. A mass of 0.2kg is attached to the lower end of a massless spring of force-constant 200 N/m, the upper end of
which is fixed to a rigid support. Which of the following statements is/are true?
(A) In equilibrium, the spring will be stretched by 1cm.
(B) If the mass is raised till the spring is unstretched state and then released, it will go down by 2cm before
moving upwards.
(C) The frequency of oscillation will be nearly 5 Hz.
(D) If the system is taken to the moon, the frequency of oscillation will be the same as on the earth.
Ans. (A,B,C,D)
Sol. At equilibrium mg = kx0
mg (0.2)(10)
Þ x0 = = = 0.01 m = 1 cm k
k 200
Amplitude of SHM = 1cm m
1 k 1 200
Frequency = = » 5Hz
2p m 2p 0.2
3. A horizontal plank has a rectangular block placed on it. The plank starts oscillating vertically and simple
harmonically with an amplitude of 40 cm. The block just loses contact with the plank when the latter is
at momentary rest. Then :
æ 2p ö
(A) the period of oscillation is ç ÷
è 5 ø
(B) the block weighs double of its weight, when the plank is at one of the positions of momentary rest
(C) the block weighs 0.5 times its weight on the plank halfway up
(D) the block weighs 1.5 times its weight on the plank halfway down
Ans. (A,B,C,D)
Sol. The position of momentary rest in S.H.M. is extreme position where velocity of particle is zero.
a=g N
A a = g/2
Motion A/2
a=0
Position
A/2
A a = g/2
a=g mg
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JE E-Physics
As the block loses contact with the plank at this position i.e. normal force becomes zero, it has to be the upper
extreme where acceleration of the block will be g downwards.
10
\ w2A = g Þ w2 = = 25 Þ w = 5 rad/s
0.4
2p 2p
Therefore period T = = s
w 5
Acceleration in S.H.M. is given by a = w2x
From the figure we can see that,At lower extreme, acceleration is g upwards
\ N – mg = ma Þ N = m (a +g) = 2mg
At halfway up, acceleration is g/2 downwards
g 1
\ mg – N = ma Þ N = m (g – ) = mg
2 2
At halfway down acceleration is g/2 upwards
g 3
\ N – mg = ma Þ N = m (g + ) = mg
2 2
4. A particle is subjected to two simple harmonic motions along x and y directions according to, x = 3sin100pt;
y = 4sin100pt.
(A) Motion of particle will be on ellipse traversing it in clockwise direction
(B) Motion of particle will be on a straight line with slope 4/3
(C) Motion will be simple harmonic motion with amplitude 5
(D) Phase difference between two motions is p/2
Ans. (B,C)
4
Sol. x =3 sin (100 pt), y = 4 sin(100pt) Þ y = x
3
Þ Motion of particle will be on a straight line with slope 4/3.
As r = x 2 + y 2 = 5 sin (100 pt)

so motion of particle will be SHM with amplitude 5.
5. Two block A and B each of mass m are connected by a massless spring of natural length L and spring constant
k. The blocks are initially resting on a smooth horizontal floor with the spring at its natural length as shown
in fig. A third identical block C, also of mass m, moving on the floor with a speed v along the line joining A
and B, and collides elastically with A. Then-
m v m m
L
C A B
(A) The kinetic energy of the A-B system, at maximum compression of the spring, is zero.
mv 2
(B) The kinetic energy of A-B system, at maximum compression of the spring is
4
m
(C) The maximum compression of the spring is v
k
m
(D) The maximum compression of the spring is v
2k
Ans. (B,D)
r r
Sol. At maximum compression v A = v B & kinetic energy of A–B system will be minimum
v 1
so vA = vB = Þ KAB = mv2
2 4
From energy conservation
2 2
1 1 æ vö 1 æ vö 1 2 m
mv2= m ç ÷ + m ç ÷ + kx m Þ x m = v
2 2 è 2ø 2 è 2ø 2 2k
10
Oscillati ons
6. A disc of mass 3 m and a disc of mass m are connected by massless spring of stiffness k. The heavier disc is
placed on the ground with the spring vertical and lighter disc on top. From its equilibrium position, the upper disc
is pushed down by a distance d and released. Then
(A) if d >3mg/k, the lower disc will bounce up
(B) if d =2 mg/k, maximum normal reaction from ground on lower disc = 6 mg
(C) if d =2 mg/k, maximum normal reaction from ground on lower disc = 4 mg
(D) if d >4mg/k, the lower disc will bounce up
Ans. (B,D)
Sol. From energy conservation
1 1
kd12 = mg (d1 + x1) + kx12
2 2
2mg 15m 2 g2
Þ d12 - d1 - =0
k k2
5mg 4mg
Þ d1 = Þd=
k k
4mg
Þ If d > the lower disk will bounce up.
k
2mg
Now If d = then maximum normal reaction from ground on lower disk
k
N = 3mg + k(x0 + d) = 6 mg
7. Two blocks of masses 3 kg and 6 kg rest on a horizontal smooth surface. The 3 kg block is attached to a spring
with a force constant k = 900 Nm -1 which is compressed 2 m from beyond the equilibrium position. The 6 kg
block is at rest at 1 m from mean position. 3 kg mass strikes the 6 kg mass and the two stick together.
1m
2m
3kg 6kg
equilibrium
position
(A) velocity of the combined masses immediately after the collision is 10 ms -1

(B) velocity of the combined masses immediately after the collision is 5 ms -1
(C) amplitude of the resulting oscillation is 2 m
(D) amplitude of the resulting oscillation is 5 /2m.
Ans. (A,C)
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JE E-Physics
Sol. Velocity of 3kg block just before collision
2 2 æ kö 2 2
= w a - x = ç ÷ (a - x )
è mø
æ 900 ö 2
= ç (2 - 12 ) = 30 m / s
è 3 ÷ø
Velocity of combined masses immediately after the collision
(3)(30)
= = 10 m/s
3+6
New angular frequency
k 900
w' = = = 10
m 9
Therefore v' = w' a '2 - x2
Þ 10 = 10 a '2 - 12 Þ a ¢ = 2m
8. The displacement-time graph of a particle executing SHM is shown.

Which of the following statements is/are true?
(A) The velocity is maximum at t = T/2
(B) The acceleration is maximum at t = T
(C) The force is zero at t = 3T/4
(D) The potential energy equals the oscillation energy at t = T/2.
Ans. (B,C,D)
Sol. Q a =–w2y and at t = T, y is maximum so acceleration is maximum at t = T.
3T 3T
Also y=0 at t = , so force is zero at t =
4 4
T
At t = ,v=0 Þ PE = oscillation energy
2
9. Velocity-time graph of a particle executing SHM is shown in figure. Select the

correct alternative(s) :
(A) At position 1 displacement of particle may be positive ornegative
(B) At position 2 displacement of particle is negative
(C) At position 3 acceleration of particle is positive
(D) At position 4 acceleration of particle is positive
Ans. (BC)
dV
Sol. At position 3 : >0
dt
10. Acceleration-time graph of aparticle executing SHM is as shown in figure. Select the
correct alternative(s):
(A) Displacement of particle at 1 is negative

(B) Velocity of particle at 2 is positive
(C) Potential energy of particle at 3 is maximum
(D) Speed of particle at 4 is decreasing
Ans. (ABCD)
Sol. Conceptual.
12
Oscillati ons
SECTION - 2 : COMPREHENSION BASED QUESTIONS
(SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTION)
Comprehension-1
A small block of mass m is fixed at upper end of a massless vertical spring of spring
4mg
constant K = and natural length '10 L'. The lower end of spring is free and is
L
at a height L from fixed horizontal floor as shown. the spring is initially unstressed and
the spring block system is released from rest in the shown position.
11. At the instant speed of block is maximum, the magnitude of force exerted by spring on the block is :
mg
(A) (B) mg (C) Zero (D) None of these
2
Ans. (B)
Sol. Speed of block will become maximum when net force on block is zero.
Hence spring force = mg in upward direction.
12. As the block is coming down the maximum speed attained by the block is :
3 3
(A) gL (B) 3gL (C) gL (D) gL
2 2
Ans. (C)
2
æ mg ö 1 æ mg ö 1 2
Sol. mg ç L + ÷ - kç ÷ = mv
è k ø 2 è k ø 2
3
gL = v
2
Comprehension-2
In case of pure rolling a = Ra, where a is the linear acceleration and a the angular acceleration. A disc of mass
m and radius R is attached with a spring of force constant k at its centre as shown in figure. At x = 0, spring
is unstretched. The disc is moved to x = A and then released. There is no slipping between disc and ground.
Let f be the force of friction on the disc from the ground.
A
k
+x
x=0 x=A
13. f versus t (time) graph will be as :
f f f f
t t t t
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Ans. (C)
a
a
Sol. kx a = aR
R
f
æ mR 2 ö 1
kx – f = ma, fR = ç a Þ f = kx
è 2 ÷ø 3
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JE E-Physics
But x = A cos wt
(\ the cylinder is starting from x=A)
kA
So f = cos wt
3
14. In the problem if k = 10 N/m, m = 2 kg, R = 1 m and A = 2 m. Find linear speed of the disc at mean position:
40 10 50
(A) m/s (B) 20 m/s (C) m/s (D) m/s
3 3 3
Ans. (A)
1 2 1 æ k2 ö 1 2æ 1ö 3 2
Sol. kA = mv2 çè 1 + R 2 ÷ø = 2 mv çè 1 + 2 ÷ø = 4 mv
2 2
2kA 2 2(10)(2)2 40 -1
Þv= = = ms
3m 3(2) 3
Comprehension-3
A horizontal spring block system executes SHM with amplitude A = 10 cm initial phase f = 0 and angular
frequency w. The mass of block is M = 13 kg and there is no friction between the block and the horizontal
surface. The spring constant being 2500 N/m.
m
k
M
Mean position
At t = t1 sec [for which wt1 = f1 = 30°]. A mass m = 12 kg is gently put on the block. [Assume that collision
between the block and the mass is perfectly inelastic and mass m remains stationary w.r.t. the block M always]
Read above passage carefully and answer the following questions.
15. The new angular frequency of the system will be

(A) 10 rad/sec (B) 15 rad/sec (C) 20 rad/sec (D) none
Ans. (A)
16. The total energy of system after collision at any moment of time is
(A) 4 joule (B) 8 joule (C) 12 joule (D) none of these
Ans. (B)
17. The new amplitude of the system will be

(A) 5 cm (B) 8 cm (C) 10 cm (D) None of these
Ans. (B)
Sol.15 to 17.
k k 2500
w= , w¢ = = = 10 rad/sec
M M+m 25
M
w¢ = w
M+m
x1 = A sin f1
1 2 1
Potential energy stored in the spring at (t = t1) = kx1 = Mw2 sin2 f1
2 2
Let v and v¢ be the velocity of system just before collision and just after collision, so using COLM
14
Oscillati ons
Mv MAw cos q
v¢ = ( = (
M + m) M + m)
1 2 1
Total energy after collision = PE + KE = kx1 + (M + m ) v ¢2
2 2
1 é M + m sin2 q ù 1 2 é M + m sin 2 qù
= MA 2 w2 ê ú = kA ê ú =8J
2 ë M+m û 2 ë M+m û
1 é M + m sin2 qù
(M + m) A ¢2 w¢2 = 1 MA 2 w2 ê ú
2 2 ë M+m û
M + m sin2 q
A¢ = A = 8 cm
M+m
15
JE E-Physics
SECTION - 1 : NUMERICAL ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS

1. A particle of mass m is attached to three springs A, B and C of equal force constant k as shown in figure. If the
xm
particle is pushed slightly against the spring C and released, the time period of oscillations is 2p . Find x
k
Ans. (0.5) //////////////////
Sol. 2kx = –ma k kx+kx

kx
2k 2 90°
//////////////////
w=
m 45° k
k kx
/
x
/
////
m
/// /
T = 2p 2
////
2k
/// /
2. A block P of mass m is placed on a frictionless horizontal surface. Another block Q of same mass is kept
on P and connected to the wall with the help of a spring of spring constant k as shown in the figure, ms
is the coefficient of friction between P and Q. The block move together performing SHM of amplutude A.
kA
The maximum value of the friction force between P and Q is . Find the value of x
x
k
mS
Q
P smooth
Ans. (2)
Sol. At maximum elongation in spring, acceleration of (P + Q) system will be maximum. Hence friction force
on P will be maximum at that instant.
kA
Acceleration ‘a (P+Q)’ =
2m
kA
Hence friction force on P ‘f’ = ma(P+Q) =
2
3. In the figure shown, the block A collides with the block B and after collision they stick together. The amplitude
M
of resultant vibration is u. Find the value of x
xk
16
Oscillati ons
Ans. (2)
Sol. Common velocity after collision be v then by COLM
u
2Mv = Mu Þ v =
2
Hence, kinetic energy =

1
(2M)
FG IJ
u
2
1
= Mu 2
2 H K
2 4
It is also the total energy of vibration because the spring is unstretched at this moment, hence if A is the
amplitude, then
F M I
1
2
KA2 =
1
4
Mu2 Þ A = GH 2KJK
u
2a
4. The time period of a uniform square plate of side 'a' if it is suspended through a corner is 2p . Find
xg
the value of x.
Ans. (1.5)
ma 2 ma2
+
I 2 = 2p 2 2a
Sol. T = 2p = 2p 6
mgl æ a ö 3g
mg ç
è 2 ÷ø
a
a
Ö2
a
5. In the arrangement as shown in fig., pulleys are small and springs are ideal. k1, k2, k3 and k4 are force constants
é1 1 1 1 ù
of the springs. If the period of small vertical oscillations of block of mass m is 2p nm ê + + + ú.
ë K1 K 2 K 3 K 4 û
Find the value of n.
k2 k4
k1 k3
Ans. (4)
Sol. Let block be displaced by x then displacement in springs be x 1,x2,x3 and x4
Such that x = 2x1 + 2x2 + 2x3 + 2x4
Now let restoring force on m be F = kx then
2f = k1x1 = k2x2 = k3x3 = k4x4
17
JE E-Physics
F 4F 4F 4F 4F
Þ = + + +
k k1 k2 k3 k 4
1 æ1 1 1 1ö
Þ = 4ç + + + ÷
k è k1 k2 k 3 k 4 ø
m æ1 1 1 1ö
T = 2p = 2p 4m ç + + + ÷
k è k1 k 2 k 3 k 4 ø
6. An object of mass 0.2 kg executes simple harmonic oscillational along the x-axis with a frequency of
(25/p) Hz. At the position x = 0.04, the object has kinetic energy of 0.5 J and potential energy 0.4 J. The
amplitude of oscillations is_____ m.
Ans. (0.06)
1 1 1
Sol. mv2 = mw2(a2–x2) = 0.5 and mw2x2 = 0.4
2 2 2
a2 - x2 5 3
Þ = Þa= m = 0.06 m
x2 4 50
7. A second pendulum A (time period 2 second) and another simple pendulum B of slightly less length than A are
made to oscillate at t = 0 in same phase. If they are again in the same phase first time, after 18 seconds, then
the time period of B is____
Ans. (1.8 s)
18
Sol. nT1 = (n+1)T2 = 18 Þ n=9 Þ T2= =1.8s
10
25
8. An object of mass 0.2 kg executes simple harmonic along X-axis with frequency of Hz. At the position
p
x = 0.04 m, the object has kinetic energy of 0.5 J and potential energy of 0.4 J. The amplitude of oscillation in
meter is equal to (in cm.)
Ans. (6)
1 1
Sol. E= mw 2 A 2 Þ E = m (2pf )2 A 2 Þ A = 1 2E
2 2 2pf m
Putting E = K + U we obtain,
1 2 ´ (0.5 + 0.4)
A= Þ A = 0.06 m
æ 25 ö 0.2
2p ç ÷
èp ø
9. A block of mass 1kg hangs without vibrating at the end of a spring with a force constant 1 N/m attached to the
ceiling of an elevator. The elevator is rising with an upward acceleration of g/4. The acceleration of the elevator
suddenly ceases. What is the amplitude of the resulting oscillations?
Ans. (2.45 m)
Sol. Additional force
mg g
=kA Þ A= =2.45m
4 4
18
Oscillati ons
10. A massless rod rigidly fixed at O . A string carrying a mass m at one end is k
attached to point A on the rod so that OA = a. At another point B B
(OB = b) of the rod , a horizontal spring of force constant k is attached as

shown . The period of small vertical oscillations of mass m around its
a xm
equilibrium position is 2p . Find the value of x
b k A
m
O
Ans. (1)
Sol. From energy equation
2
1 1 æx ö
mv2 + k ç b ÷ = E x
//
//
2 2 èa ø /
kb2 a m
Þ ma + x = 0 Þ T = 2p
a2 b k x
SECTION - 2 : MATRIX - MATCH QUESTIONS

11. The speed (v) of a particle moving along a straight line, when it is at a distance (x) from a fixed point on the line,
is given by : v2 = 144 – 9x2.
Column I Column II
2p
(A) Motion is simple harmonic of period (P) units
3
(B) Maximum displacement from the fixed point is (Q) 12 units
(C) Maximum velocity of the particle (R) 27 units
(D) Magnitude of acceleration at a distance (S) 4 unit
3 units from the fixed point is (T) 16 units
Ans. (A) P, (B) S (C) Q (D) R
2 2 dv
Sol. For (A) : v = 144 - 9x Þ 2v = 0 - 18x Þ a = -9x Þ w 2 = 9 Þ w = 3
dx
2p 2p
Time period T = = units
w 3
For (B) : Q v 2 ³ 0 \ 144 - 9x2 ³ 0 Þ x2 £ 16 Þ x £ 4 ÞAmplitude = 4 units

For (C) : Maximum velocity = Aw = (4) (3) = 12 units
For (D) : At x = 3 units, a = – 9x = – 27 units
12. A particle of mass 2 kg is moving on a straight line under the action of force F = (8 – 2x) N. The particle
is released at rest from x = 6 m. For the subsequent motion (All the values in the right column are in
their S.I. units.)
Column- I Column-II
(A) Equilibrium position is at x = (p) p/4

(B) Amplitude of S.H.M is (q) p/2
(C) Time taken to go directly from (r) 4
x = 2 m to x = 4 m
(D) Energy of S.H.M. is (s) 6
(E) Phase constant of S.H.M. assuming (t) 2
equation of the form Asin(wt + f)
Ans. (A) r, (B) t (C) q, (D) r, (E) q
19
JE E-Physics
Sol. Extreme mean Extreme

x=2 x=4 x=6
F = 8–2x = –2(x–4)
(C) k = 2
m
T = 2p
k
2
= 2p
2
= 2p
time taken to go from x = 2 to x = 4
T p
= sec
4 2
1
(D) E = k A2
2
1
= × (2) × (2)2 = 4
2
p
(E) initial phase =
2
20
Oscillati ons
1. If x, v and a denote the displacement, the velocity and the acceleration of a particle executing simple harmonic
motion of time period T, then, which of the following does not change with time ? [AIEEE-2009]
aT aT
(1) aT + 2pv (2) (3) a2T2 + 4p2v2 (4)
v x
Ans. (3,4)
Sol. a = –w2x , v = w A 2 - x2
a2T2 + 4p2v2 = w4x2T2 + 4p2w2(A2 – x2)
4p2 2 2 2
= w x T + 4p2w2(A2 – x2)
T2
= 4p2w2A2 = constant
aT w2 xT
=- = –w2T = constant
x x
2. A mass M, attached to a horizontal spring, executes S.H.M. with amplitude A1. When the mass M passes through
its mean position then a smaller mass m is placed over it and both of them move together with amplitude A 2.
æA ö
The ratio of ç 1 ÷ is :- [AIEEE-2011]
è A2 ø
1/2 1/2
æ M ö æ M+ mö M M+m
(1) ç (2) çè ÷ (3) (4)
è M + m ÷ø M ø M+m M
Ans. (2)
1 k 1 k
Sol. n1 = ..... (i) and n2 = ..... (ii)
2p M 2p M + m
according to conservation of linear momentum
Mv1 = (M + m)v2 ÞM1A1w1 = (M + m)A2w2
From equation (i) & (ii)
A1 æ M + m ö w 2 æ M + m ö M M+m
= . = =
A2 çè M ÷ø w1 çè M ÷ø M + m M
3. Two particles are executing simple harmonic motion of the same amplitude A and frequency w along the x-
axis. Their mean position is separated by distance X0(X0 > A). If the maximum separation between them is
(X0 + A), the phase difference between their motion is :- [AIEEE-2011]
p p p p
(1) (2) (3) (4)
4 6 2 3
Ans. (4)
Sol. X1 = A sin wt
X2 = X0 + A sin (wt + f)
X2 – X1 = X0 + A sin (wt + f) – A sin wt
Become X 2 - X1 max = X0 + A
p
|A sin (wt + f) – A sin wt)|max = A Þ f =
3
4. A wooden cube (density of wood 'd') of side 'l' floats in a liquid of density 'r' with its upper and lower surfaces
horizontal. If the cube is pushed slightly down and released, it performs simple harmonic motion of period 'T'.
Then, 'T' is equal to :- [AIEEE-2011]
lr ld lr ld
(1) 2p (2) 2p (3) 2p (4) 2p
(r - d)g rg dg (r - d)g
21
JE E-Physics
Ans. (2)
m
Sol. By using T = 2p
Arg
Where m = l3d and A = l2
l3 d ld
T = 2p 2 ÞT = 2p
l rg rg
5. If a spring of stiffness 'k' is cut into two parts 'A' and 'B' of length lA : lB = 2 : 3, then the stiffness of spring
'A' is given by :- [AIEEE-2011]
5 3k 2k
(1) k (2) (3) (4) k
2 5 5
Ans. (1)
5k
Sol. k1l1 = k2l2 = kl. k1 =
2
6. If a simple pendulum has significant amplitude (up to a factor of 1/e of original) only in the period between
t = 0 s to t = ts, then t may be called the average life of the pendulum. When the spherical bob of the pendulum
suffers a retardation (due to viscous drag) proportional to its velocity, with 'b' as the constant of proportionality,
the average life time of the pendulum is (assuming damping is small) in seconds :- [AIEEE-2012]
2 0.693 1
(1) (2) (3) b (4)
b b b
Ans. (1)
Sol. For damped oscilletion
d2x
+ bv - w 2 x = 0
dt 2
bt
-
2m
and A = A0e
bt
A0 -
= A 0 e 2m
e
bt 2
if m = 1 kg Þ =1Þ t =
2 b
2p
7. The displacement y(t) = A sin(wt + f) of a pendulum for f = is represented correctly by
3
[AIEEE - 2012, Online]
y
y y y
t t t t
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Ans. (1)
Sol. y = A sin(wt + f)
2p
=
3
æ 2p ö
y = A sin ç wt + ÷
è 3ø
22
Oscillati ons
8. A ring is suspended from a point S on its rim as shown in the figure. When displaced from equilibrium, it
oscillates with time period of 1 second. The radius of the ring is (take g = p2):- [AIEEE - 2012, Online]
S
(1) 0.15 m (2) 0.5 m (3) 1.0 m (4) 1.5 m

Ans. (1)
I
Sol. T = 2p
mg × d
mR 2 + mR 2
1 = 2p
mg × R
2p 2mR 2
1=
p mR
1 = 2 2R
1=R
1
R= = 0.125
8
Which is close to 0.15 m.
9. Two simple pendulums of length lm and 4m respectively are both given small displacement in the same direction
at the same instant. They will be again in phase after the shorter pendulum has completed number of oscillations
equal to : [JEE (Main) - 2013, Online]
(1) 3 (2) 7 (3) 5 (4) 2
Ans. (4)
Sol. lA = 4lB
TA = 2TB
Whan shortar pandulums completes 2 oscillations, longer pandulum will complete one oscillation.
10. An ideal gas enclosed in a vertical cylindrical container supports a freely moving piston of mass M. The piston
and the cylinder have equal cross sectional area A. When the piston is in equilibrium, the volume of the gas
is V0 and its pressure is P0. The piston is slightly displaced from the equilibrium position and released. Assuming
that the system is completely isolated from its surrounding, the piston executes a simple harmonic motion with
frequency. [JEE (Main) - 2013]

1 AgP0 1 V0 MP0 1 A 2 gP0 1 MV0
(1) 2p V M (2) (3) 2p (4) 2p AgP
0 2p A 2 g MV0 0
Ans. (3)
23
JE E-Physics
Sol. FBD of piston at equilibrium
Þ Patm A + mg = P0A ...(i)

FBD of piston when piston is pushed down a distance x
d2 x
Patm + mg – (P0 +dP) A = m ...(ii)
dt2
Process is adiabatic
gPdV
Þ PV g = C Þ - dP =
V
1 A 2 gP0
Using 1, 2, 3 we get f = 2p MV
0
11. Which of the following expressions corresponds to simple harmonic motion along a straight line, where x is the
displacement and a, b, c are positive constants ? :- [JEE (Main) - 2014, Online]
2 2
(1) – bx (2) a – bx + cx (3) a + bx – cx (4) bx2
Ans. (1)
Sol. For simple harmonic motion, acceleration or restoring force should be linierly releted to displacement as a a x
or f µ x
only (1) satisfies this conditions.
12. A body is in simple harmonic motion with time period half second (T = 0.5 s) and amplitude one cm
(A = 1 cm). Find the average velocity in the interval in which it moves from equilibrium position to half of its
amplitude. [JEE (Main) - 2014, Online]
(1) 6 cm/s (2) 4 cm/s (3) 12 cm/s (4) 16 cm/s
Ans. (3)
Sol. T = 0.5 sec
A = 1 cm
T /12
ò Aw cos wt
0
<v>=
T / 12
2p
Where = w =
T
on solving
<v> = 12 cm/s
13. A particle moves with simple harmonic motion in a straight line. In first t, s after starting from rest it travels a
distance a, and in next t s it travels 2a, in same direction, then : [JEE(Main) 2014]
(1) amplitude of motion is 3a (2) time period of oscillations is 8t
(3) amplitude of motion is 4a (4) time period of oscillations is 6t
Ans. (4)
24
Oscillati ons
Sol. x = A cos w t
A–a = A cos w t ....(1)
A – 3a = A cos 2w t ....(2)
Now, cos 2w t = 2 cos2 w t – 1
2
A - 3a æ A-aö
Þ = 2ç ÷ -1
A è A ø
A - 3a 2A2 + 2a2 - 4Aa

Þ = -1
A A2
Þ A2 – 3Aa = A2 + 2a2 – 4Aa
Þ 2a2 = Aa
Þ A = 2a put in ....(1)
\ a = 2a cos w t
1
cos w t =
2
p
wt =
3
2p p
×t =
T 3
T = 6t
14. A cylindrical block of wood (density = 650 kg m–3), of base area 30 cm2 and height 54 cm, floats in a liquid of
density 900 kg m–3 The block is depressed slightly and then released. The time period of the resulting oscillations
of the block would be equal to that of a simple pendulum of length (nearly) : [JEE (Main) - 2015, Online]
(1) 26 cm (2) 52 cm (3) 39 cm (4) 65 cm
Ans. (3)
m
Sol. T = 2p
k
fR = extra force
= rL A xg = kx
Þ k = rL . Ag
rw × A × h
T = 2p
rL A g
rw h l
= 2p = 2p
rL g g
rw h
Þ =l
rL
650 ´ 54
Þ l=
900
l = 39 cm
15. A pendulum with time period of 1s is losing energy due to damping. At certain time its energy is 45 J. If after
completing 15 oscillations, its energy has become 15 J, its damping constant (in s –1) is :-
[JEE (Main) - 2015, Online]
1 1 1
(1) 2 (2) l n3 (3) (4) ln3
15 2 30
25
JE E-Physics
Ans. (4)
Sol. In damped oscillation, total energy vanes as
T = T0 e- bt / m
15 = 45 e- bt / m
æ 1ö
ln ç ÷ = - b(15) (m = 1 kg)
è 3ø
1
b= ln 3
15
16. A pendulum made of a uniform wire of cross sectional area A has time period T. When an additional mass M is
1
added to its bob, the time period changes to TM. If the Young's modulus of the material of the wire is Y then
Y
is equal to (g = gravitational acceleration) [JEE(Main) 2015]
éæ TM ö 2 ù A éæ TM ö 2 ù Mg é æ TM ö 2 ù A é æ T ö2ù A
(1) êçè T ÷ø - 1ú Mg (2) êçè T ÷ø - 1ú A (3) ê1 - çè T ÷ø ú Mg (4) ê1 - çè T ÷ø ú Mg
êë úû êë úû êë úû êë M úû
Ans. (1)
l Mgl
Sol. T = 2p Dl =
g AY
l + Dl
TM = 2p
g
2
T2 TM
l= g Þ l + Dl = g
4p2 4p2
æ T 2 - T2 ö
Dl = ç M 2 ÷ g
è 4p ø
Mgl æ TM - T ö
2 2
=ç g
AY è 4 p ÷ø
2
1 æ TM - T ö A
2 2
æ TM2 - T 2 ö A 4 p 2 éæ TM ö 2 ù A
=ç =
Y è 4 p ÷ø Ml è 4 p 2 ÷ø MT 2 g
2 ç = ê ç ÷ - 1ú
êëè T ø úû Mg
17. For a simple pendulum, a graph is plotted between its kinetic energy (KE) and potential energy (PE) against its
displacement d. Which one of the following represents these correctly ? (graph are schematic and not drawn to
scale) [JEE(Main) 2015]
E E
KE PE
(1) (2)
PE KE
d d
E KE E
PE
d
(3) (4)
KE
PE
26
Oscillati ons
Ans. (2)
Sol. K.E. =
1
2
( ) 1
mw 2 A 2 - x 2 and P.E. = mw 2 x 2
2
18. Two particles are performing simple harmonic motion in a straight line about the same equilibrium point. The
amplitude and time period for both particles are same and equal to A and T, respectively. At time
-A
t = 0 one particle has displacement A while the other one has displacement and they are moving towards
2
each other. If they cross each other at time t, then t is :- [JEE (Main) - 2016, Online]
T 5T T T
(1) (2) (3) (4)
6 6 4 3
Ans. (1)
B B
wt
Sol. p/3 q
A
q =w t
q = wt
2p
wt + wt =
3
2p
2wt =
3
2p 2p
2. ×t =
T 3
T
t=
6
19. A particle performs simple harmonic motion with amplitude A. Its speed is tripled at the instant that it is at a
2A
distance from equilibrium position. The new amplitude of the motion is: [JEE(Main) 2016]
3
A 7A
(1) 41 (2) 3A (3) A 3 (4)
3 3
Ans. (4)
2
æ 2A ö 5
Sol. n = w A2 - ç ÷ = Aw
è 3 ø 3
now
2
é 5 ù 12 æ 2A ö
3ê Awú = w A - ç ÷
ë 3 û è 3 ø
4 2
5A = A12 - A
9
27
JE E-Physics
4 2
5A2 = A12 – A
9
49 2 7
A = A12 A1 = A
9 3
20. A 1 kg block attached to a spring vibrates with a frequency of 1 Hz on a frictionless horizontal table. Two springs
identical to the original spring are attached in parallel to an 8 kg block placed on the same table. So, the
frequency of vibration of the 8 kg block is : [JEE (Main) - 2017, Online]
1 1 1
(1) Hz (2) Hz (3) 2 Hz (4) Hz
4 2 2 2
Ans. (2)
Sol. f = 1H2 Þ T = 1sec
m
2p =1
k
8m
Tf = 2p =2×1=2
2k
1
f= Hz
2
21. The ratio of maximum acceleration to maximum velocity in a simple harmonic motion is 10 s –1. At, t = 0 the
p
displacement is 5 m. What is the maximum acceleration ? The initial phase is . [JEE (Main) - 2017, Online]
4
(1) 750 m/s2 (2) 500 2 m / s 2 (3) 750 2 m / s 2 (4) 500 m/s2
Ans. (2)
a max w 2 A
Sol. = = w = 10
v max wA
x = A sin(wt + f)
5 = A sin(p/4)
A=5 2
amax – w2A
2
= 100 ´ 5 2 = 500 2 m / s
22. A particle is executing simple harmonic motion with a time period T. At time t = 0, it is at its position of
equilibrium. The kinetic energy - time graph of the particle will look like : [JEE(Main) 2017]
KE KE
(1) 0 T t® (3) 0 T T t®
—
2
KE KE
(2) 0 T T T t® (4) 0 T T T t®
— — —
4 2 4
28
Oscillati ons
Ans. (3)
Sol. Conceptual.
23. A silver atom in a solid oscillates in simple harmonic motion in some direction with a frequency of 10 12/sec.
What is the force constant of the bonds connecting one atom with the other? (Mole wt. of silver = 108 and
Avagadro number = 6.02 × 1023 gm mole–1) [JEE (Main) - 2018]
(1) 6.4 N/m (2) 7.1 N/m (3) 2.2 N/m (4) 5.5 N/m
Ans. (2)
m
Sol. T = 2p
k
4 p 2 ´ 108 ´ 10 -3 ´ 10 24
k=
6.023 ´ 1023
k = 7.1 N/m
24. A simple harmonic motion is represented by:

y = 5(sin3pt+ 3 cos3pt) cm
The amplitude and time period of the motion are: [JEE (Main) - 2019, Online]
3 2 3 2
(1) 5cm, s (2) 5cm, s (3) 10cm, s (4) 10cm, s
2 3 2 3
Ans. (4)
3 2
Sol.
p/3
y = 5 éë sin(3 pt) + 3 cos(3pt)ùû
æ pö
= 10sin çè 3pt + ÷ø
3
Amplitude = 10 cm
2p 2p 2
T= = = sec
w 3p 3
pt
25. A particle undergoing simple harmonic motion has time dependent displacement given by x ( t ) = A sin
. The
90
ratio of kinetic to potential energy of this particle at t = 210 s will be : [JEE (Main) - 2019, Online]
(1) 2 (2) 1/9 (3) 1/3 (4) 1
Ans. (3)
1
Sol. k = mw 2 A 2 cos 2 wt
2
1
U= mw 2 A 2 sin 2 wt
2
k p 1
= cot 2 wt = cot 2 ( 210 ) =
U 90 3
Hence ratio is 1/3 (most appropriate)
29
JE E-Physics
26. A particle executes simple harmonic motion with an amplitude of 5 cm. When the particle is at 4 cm from the
mean position, the magnitude of its velocity in SI units is equal to that of its acceleration. Then, its periodic time
in seconds is : [JEE (Main) - 2019, Online]
7 3 4p 8p
(1) p (2) p (3) (4)
3 8 3 3
Ans. (4)
v = w A2 - x2 ___(1)
a = –w2x ___(2)
|v| = |a| ___(3)
w A 2 - x 2 = w2x
A2 – x2 = w2x2
52 – 42 = w2(42)
Þ 3= w×4
T = 2p/w
m
27. Two masses m and are connected at the two ends of a massless rigid rod of length l. The rod is suspended
2
by a thin wire of torsional constant k at the centre of mass of the rod-mass system(see figure). Because of
torsional constant k, the restoring torque is t=kq for angular displacement 0. If the rod is rota ted by q0 and
released, the tension in it when it passes through its mean position will be: [JEE (Main) - 2019, Online]
3kq02 kq02
(1) (2)
l 2l
2kq02 kq02 l
(3) (4)
l l
Ans. (4)
k
Sol. w=
I
m/2 T m
3k
w=
ml 2 l
W = wq0 = average velocity
T = mW2r1
l
T = mW 2
3
l
= mw2 q02
3
3k l
=m q02
ml 2 3
kq02
=
l
m2
I = ml 2 = 2 l 2
3m
2
30
Oscillati ons
ml 2 l
= m/2
3 m
CM
r1 1 l r2 r1
= Þ r1 =
r2 2 3
28. A particle is executing simple harmonic motion (SHM) of amplitude A, along the x-axis, about x = 0. When its
potential Energy (PE) equals kinetic energy (KE), the position of the particle will be :
A A A
(1) (2) (3) (4) A
2 2 2 2
Ans. (3)
1 2
Sol. Potential energy (U) = kx
2
1 2 1 2
Kinetic energy (K) = kA - kx
2 2
According to the question, U = k
1 2 1 2 1 2
\ kx = kA - kx
2 2 2
A
x= ±
2
\ Correct answer is (3)
29. A damped harmonic oscillator has a frequency of 5 oscillations per second. The amplitude drops to half its
1
value for every 10 oscillations. The time it will take to drop to of the original amplitude is close to:
1000
(1) 100 s (2) 20 s (3) 10 s (4) 50 s
Ans. (2)
Sol. A = A0e–gt
A0
A= after 10 oscillations
2
Q After 2 seconds
A0
= A0e–g(2)
2
2 = e2g
ln2 = 2g
ln2
g=
2
Q A = A0e–gt
A0
ln = gt
A
ln2
ln1000 = t
2
31
JE E-Physics
æ 3ln10 ö
2ç ÷ =t
è ln2 ø
6ln10
=t
ln2
t = 19.931 sec
t » 20 sec
30. A simple pendulum oscillating in air has period T. The bob of the pendulum is completely immersed in a non-
1
viscous liquid. The density of the liquid is th of the material of the bob. If the bob is inside liquid all the
16
time, its period of oscillation in this liquid is : [JEE (Main) - 2019, Online]
1 1 1 1
(1) 4T (2) 2T (3) 4T (4) 2T
15 10 14 14
Ans. (1)
L
Sol. For a simple pendulum T = 2p
g eff
situation 1 : when pendulum is in air ® geff = g
situation 2 : when pendulum is in liquid
æ rliquid ö æ 1 ö 15g
® geff = g ç 1 –
ç ÷÷ = g ç1 – ÷ =
è rbody ø è 16 ø 16
L
2p
15g /16
So, T ' = ÞT ' =
4T
T L 15
2p
g
Option (1)
31. A stationary horizontal disc is free to rotate about its axis. When a torque is applied on it, its kinetic energy
as a function of q, where q is the angle by which it has rotated, is given as kq2. If its moment of inertia is
I then the angular acceleration of the disc is : [JEE (Main) - 2019, Online]
k k k 2k
(1) q (2) q (3) q (4) q
2I I 4I I
Ans. (4)
1 2
Sol. Kinetic energy KE = Iw = kq2
2
2kq2 2k
Þw2 = Þw= q ....(1)
I I
Differentiate (1) wrt time ®
dw 2k æ dq ö
=a = ç ÷
dt I è dt ø
32
Oscillati ons
2k 2k
Þa= · q {by (1)}
I I
2k
Þa= q
I
Option (4)
32. The displacement of a damped harmonic oscillator is given by

x(t ) = e–01.1t cos (10pt + f). Here t is in seconds.
The time taken for its amplitude of vibration to drop to half of its initial value is close to :
(1) 13 s (2) 7 s (3) 27 s (4) 4 s
Ans. (2)
A0
Sol. A = A0e–0.1t =
2
ln2 = 0.1t
t = 10 ln2 = 6.93 » 7 sec
33. A block of mass m attached to massless spring is performing oscillatory motion of amplitude 'A' on a frictionless
horizontal plane. If half of the mass of the block breaks off when it is passing through its equilibrium point,
the amplitude of oscillation for the remaining system become fA. The value of f is:
1 1
(1) (2) 2 (3) 1 (4)
2 2
Ans. (4)
Sol. At equilibrium position
K
V0 = w0 A = A .....(i)
m
K 1
V = w A1 = A
m .....(ii)
2
A
\ A =
1
34. When a particle of mass m is attached to a vertical spring of spring constant k and released, its motion is described
by y(t) =y0sin2wt, where 'y' is measured from the lower end of unstretched spring. Then w is :
g g 1 g 2g
(1) (2) (3) 2 (4)
y0 2y 0 y0 y0
Ans. (2)
Sol. y = y0sin2wt
y0
y= (1 - cos 2wt)
2
y0 y
y- = - 0 cos 2wt
2 2
33
JE E-Physics
y0
Amplitude :
2 l0
y1= y0/2
y 0 mg
=
2 K
K 2g y1 equilibrium
2w = =
m y0
g
w=
2y 0
Ans. (2)
35. Two identical springs of spring constant '2k' are attached to a block of mass m and to fixed support (see figure).When
the mass is displaced from equilibrium position on either side, it executes simple harmonic motion. The time
period of oscillations of this sytem is :
2k m 2k
m m m m
(1) 2p (2)p (3) 2p (4) p
k 2k 2k k
Ans. (4)
Sol. (4) For parallel combination keq = k1+ k2
keq= 4k
m
T = 2p k eq
36. Y = A sin(wt + f0) is the time-displacement equation of a SHM. At t = 0 the displacement of the particle
A
is Y = and it is moving along negative x-direction. Then the initial phase angle f0 will be :
2
p p 5p 2p
(1) (2) (3) (4)
6 3 6 3
Ans. (3)
w
A/2
Sol.
–A 60° A
A
p p 5p
initial phase + =
2 3 6
34
Oscillati ons
37. For what value of displacement the kinetic energy and potential energy of a simple harmonic oscillation become
equal ?
A A
(1) x = 0 (2) x = ± A (3) x = ± (4) x =
2 2
Ans. (3)
Sol. KE = PE
1 1
mw2 (A2 – x2) = mw2 x2
2 2
A 2 – x2 = x2
2x2 = A2
A
x=±
2
38. A particle executes S.H.M., the graph of velocity as a function of displacement is :-

(1) A circle (2) A parabola (3) An ellipse (4) A helix
Ans. (3)
Sol. v2 = w2(A2 – x2)
v2
+ x2 = A 2
w2
v2 x2
+ =1
( wA )
2
A2
This is an equation of an ellipse.
39. Given below are two statements :

Statement I : A second's pendulum has a time period of 1 second.
Statement II : It takes precisely one second to move between the two extreme positions.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :
(1) Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
(2) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
(3) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
(4) Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
Ans. (2)
Sol. Second pendulum has a time period of 2 sec so statement 1 is false but from one extreme to other it takes
only half the time period so statement 2 is true.
40. If the time period of a two meter long simple pendulum is 2s, the acceleration due to gravity at the place where
pendulum is executing S.H.M. is :
(1) p ms2 –2
(2) 9.8 ms –2
(3) 2p ms
2 –2
(4) 16 m/s2
Ans. (3)
l
Sol. T = 2p
g
2
2 = 2p Þ g = 2p2
g
35
JE E-Physics
41. If two similar springs each of spring constant K1 are joined in series, the new spring constant and time period
would be changed by a factor:
1 1 1 1
(1) , 2 (2) , 2 (3) ,2 2 (4) ,2 2
2 4 4 2
Ans. (1)
1 1 1
Sol. = +
k eq k1 k 2
1 1 1
= + Þk = k
k eq k k eq
2
k
k' =
2
M M
T = 2p T' = 2 p
k k'
M
Þ T' = 2p ´ 2
k
T' = 2T
p
42. The function of time representing a simple harmonic motion with a period of is :
w
(1) sin(wt) + cos (wt) (2) cos(wt) + cos (2wt) + cos (3wt)
æp ö
(3) sin2(wt) (4) 3cos ç - 2 wt ÷
è4 ø
Ans. (4)
2p
Sol. Time period T =
w'
p 2p
=
w w'
w' = 2w ® Angular frequency of SHM
Option (3)
1 1
sin 2 wt =
2
( 2
)
2sin 2 wt = (1 - cos2wt )
æ1 1 ö
Angular frequency of ç - cos2wt ÷ is 2w
è2 2 ø
Option (4)
Angular frequency of SHM
æp ö
3cos ç - 2wt ÷ is 2w.
è4 ø
So option (3) & (4) both have angular frequency 2w but option (4) is direct answer.
36
Oscillati ons
43. When a particle executes SHM, the nature of graphical representation of velocity as a function of displacement
is :
(1) circular (2) elliptical (3) parabolic (4) straight line
Ans. (2)
Sol. For a particle executing SHM,
x = Asin(wt + f)
v = wA cos(wt + f)
v2 x2
Þ + = 1 Þ equation of ellipse between v and x
w 2 A2 A2
Hence option (2)
44. In the given figure, a body of mass M is held between two massless springs, on a smooth inclined plane. The
free ends of the springs are attached to firm supports. If each spring has spring constant k, the frequency of
oscillation of given body is :
k M
1 k 1 2k 1 2k 1 k
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2p 2M 2p Mg sin a 2p M 2p Mg sin a
Ans. (3)
k
M
Sol. k
a
Keq = K1 + K2 = K + K = 2K
m m
T = 2p = 2p
K eq 2K
1 1 2K
f= = (Option 3) is correct
T 2p m
45. Amplitude of a mass-spring system, which is executing simple harmonic motion decreases with time. If mass
= 500g, Decay constant = 20 g/s then how much time is required for the amplitude of the system to drop to
half of its initial value ? (ln 2 = 0.693)
(1) 34.65 s (2) 17.32 s (3) 0.034 s (4) 15.01 s
Ans. (1)
bt
-
Sol. A = A0e–gt = A e 2m
0
bt
A0 -
= A0e 2 m
2
37
JE E-Physics
bt
= ln 2
2m
2m 2 ´ 500 ´ 0.693
t= ln 2 =
b 20
t = 34.65 second.
46. Time period of a simple pendulum is T inside a lift when the lift is stationary. If the lift moves upwards with
an acceleration g/2, the time period of pendulum will be :
T 3 2
(1) 3T (2) (3) T (4) T
3 2 3
Ans. (4)
Sol. When lift is stationary
L
T = 2p
g
When lift is moving upwards
Þ Pseudo force acts downwards
g 3g
Þ geff = g + =
2 2
Þ New time period
L 2L
T' = 2 p = 2p
geff 3g
2
T' = T
3
47. Two particles A and B of equal masses are suspended from two massless springs of spring constants K1 and
K2 respectively.If the maximum velocities during oscillations are equal, the ratio of the amplitude of A and B
is :
K2 K1 K1 K2
(1) (2) (3) (4)
K1 K2 K2 K1
Ans. (4)
Sol. (4) A1w1 = A2w2
k1 k2
A1 A2
=
m m
A1 k2
=
A2 k1
38
Oscillati ons
1
48. T0 is the time period of a simple pendulum at a place. If the length of the pendulum is reduced to times of
16
its initial value, the modified time period is :
1
(1) T0 (2) 8pT0 (3) 4T0 (4) T
4 0
Ans. (4)
l
Sol. T0 = 2 p
g
l / 16 2p l
New time period T = = 2 p =
g 4 g
T0
T=
4
49. A particle is making simple harmonic motion along the X-axis. If at a distances x1 and x2 from the mean
position the velocities of the particle are n1 and n2 respectively. The time period of its oscillation is given as :
x 22 + x12 x 22 + x12 x 22 - x12 x 22 - x12

(1) T = 2 p (2) T = 2 p (3) T = 2 p (4) T = 2 p
v12 – v22 v12 + v22 v12 + v22 v12 - v22
Ans. (4)
Sol. v2 = w2 (A 2 - x 2 )
v12 v 22
A 2 = x12 + = x 2
2 +
w2 w2
v 22 - v12
w2 =
x12 - x 22
x12 - x 22
T = 2p
v22 - v12
50. A mass of 5 kg is connected to a spring. The potential energy curve of the simple harmonic motion executed by
the system is shown in the figure. A simple pendulum of length 4 m has the same period of oscillation as the
spring system. What is the value of acceleration due to gravity on the planet where these experiments are
performed?
10
U(J
0 2 4
x(m)
(1) 10 m/s2 (2) 5 m/s2 (3) 4 m/s2 (4) 9.8 m/s2

Ans. (3)
39
JE E-Physics
Sol. From potential energy curve
1 2 1
kA Þ 10 = k ( 2)
2
Umax =
2 2
Þk=5
Now Tspring = T pendulum
5 4
2p = 2p
5 g
4
Þ 1= Þ g = 4 on planet
g
Option (3)
51. In a simple harmonic oscillation, what fraction of total mechanical energy is in the form of kinetic energy, when
the particle is midway between mean and extreme position.
1 3 1 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 4 3 4
Ans. (2)
Sol. K=
1
2
(
mw 2 A 2 - x 2 )
1 æ A2 ö
= mw2 ç A2 - ÷
2 è 4 ø
1 æ 3A 2 ö
= mw2 ç ÷
2 è 4 ø
3æ1 ö
K = ç mw2 A 2 ÷
4è 2 ø
52. A particle starts executing simple harmonic motion (SHM) of amplitude ‘a’ and total energy E. At any instant,
3E
its kinetic energy is then its displacement ‘y’ is given by :
4
a a 3 a
(1) y = a (2) y = (3) y = (4) y =
2 2 2
Ans. (4)
1 2
Sol. E = Ka
2
3E 1
= K(a 2 - y 2 )
4 2
3 1 2 1
´ Ka = K(a 2 - y 2 )
4 2 2
3a 2
y2 = a2 –
4
a
y=
2
40
Oscillati ons
53. For a body executing S.H.M. :

(a) Potential energy is always equal to its K.E.
(b) Average potential and kinetic energy over any given time interval are always equal.
(c) Sum of the kinetic and potential energy at any point of time is constant.
(d) Average K.E. in one time period is equal to average potential energy in one time period.
Choose the most appropriate option from the options given below : [JEE (Main) - 2021, Online]
(1) (c) and (d)
(2) only (c)
(3) (b) and (c)
(4) only (b)
Ans. (1)
1 2
Sol. In S.H.M. total mechanical energy remains constant and also <K.E.> = <P.E> = KA
A
4
(for 1 time period)
54. A bob of mass ‘m’ suspended by a thread of length l undergoes simple harmonic oscillations with time period T.
1
If the bob is immersed in a liquid that has density times that of the bob and the length of the thread is
4
increased by 1/3rd of the original length, then the time period of the simple harmonic oscillations will be :
3 3 4
(1) T (2) T (3) T (4) T
2 4 3
Ans. (4)
Sol. T = 2p l / g
When bob is immersed in liquid
mgeff = mg – Buoyant force
mgeff = mg – vsg (s = density of liquid)
r
= mg – v g
4
mg 3mg
= mg – =
4 4
3g
\ geff =
4
l1 l 4l 3g
T1 = 2p ll = l + = , l eff =
geff 3 3 4
By solving
4
T1 = 2p l / g
3
4T
T1 =
41
JE E-Physics
SECTION-1 : SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS

1. A uniform cylinder of length L and mass M having cross-sectional area A is suspended, with its length vertical, from
a fixed point by a massless spring, such that it is half submerged in a liquid of density s at equilibrium position.
When the cylinder is given a downward push and released, it starts oscillating vertically with a small amplitude.
The time period T of the oscillations of the cylinder will be: [JEE (Main) - 2013, Online]
1 1
é M ù 2 é M ù 2
(1) Larger than 2p ê (2) smaller than 2p ê
ë( k + As g ) úû ë( k + As g ) úû
1
é M ù 2
M
(3) 2p ê ú (4) 2p
ë ( k + Asg ) û k
Ans. (3)
Sol. If it is displaced by x amount downward, than
fR = extra force
= kx + s A x . g
= (k + s A g)x
M
T = 2p
k + sAg
2. The amplitude of a simple pendulum, oscillating in air with a small spherical bob, decreases from 10 cm to 8 cm
in 40 seconds. Assuming that Stokes law is valid, and ratio of the coefficient of viscosity of air to that of carbon
dioxide is 1.3, the time in which amplitude of this pendulum will reduce from 10 cm to 5 cm in carbondioxide
will be close to (ln 5 = 1.601, ln 2 = 0.693). [JEE (Main) - 2014, Online]
(1) 161 s (2) 208 s (3) 231 s (4) 142 s
Ans. (1)
Sol. for damped oscillation
bt
-
A = A0 e 2m
in air,
b(40)
-
8 = 10 e 2m
æ 10 ö 20b
- ln ç ÷ = -
è 8ø m
20 b
ln(10) - ln(8) =
m
20b
ln(5) + ln(2) - 3ln(2) =
m
20b
= 0.215
m
b/m = 0.01
in CO2 :-
42
Oscillati ons
bt
-
A = A0 e 2m
bt
-
5 = 10 e 2m
b' t
ln(2) =
2m
b
for CO2, b' = as b a m
1.3
bt t ´ 0.01
ln2 = =
(1.3 ´ 2m) 2.6
2.6 ln2
t= = 180 sec
0.01
so nearest option is 161 sec.
3. A particle which is simultaneously subjected to two perpendicular simple harmonic motions represented by ;
x=a1 cos wt and y = a2 cos 2wt traces a curve given by : [JEE (Main) - 2014, Online]
y y y y
a2
(1)
a1
x (2)
a2
x (3) a1 a2 x (4) a1 a2 x
o o a o o
1
Ans. (4)
y
Sol. x = a1 cos wt
y = a2 cos 2wt
= a2(2 cos2wt – 1)
y = 2a2 cos2 wt – a2
æ x2 ö –a1 +a1
y = 2a 2 ç 2 ÷ - a 2
è a1 ø
2a2 x2 – ya12 = a12 a2
graph will be parabola (–a2, 0)
4. Two bodies of masses 1 kg and 4 kg are connected to a vertical spring, as shown in the figure. The smaller mass
executes simple harmonic motion of angular frequency 25 rad/s, and amplitude 1.6 cm
1 kg
while the bigger mass remains stationary on the ground.
The maximum force exerted by the system on the floor is
(take g = 10 ms–2). [JEE (Main) - 2014, Online]
(1) 20 N (2) 10 N
(3) 40 N (4) 60 N 4 kg
Ans. (4)
Sol. Maximum force will be exerted when smaller block is at lower most position
a = w2A fs=kx = 20
= 625 × 1.6 × 10–2
= 10 m/s2 N
kx – mg = 10
kx = mg + 10 = 10 + 10 = 20
N = 60 N
40
43
JE E-Physics
5. x and y displacements of a particle are given as x(t) = a sinwt and y(t) = a sin2wt. Its trajectory will look like :-
y y y y
x x x x
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Ans. (1)
x2
Sol. x = a sin wt cos wt = 1 -
a2
y = a sin2 wt
x 1 1
= =
y 2cos wt x2
2 1-
a2
x2 1
=
y2 æ x2 ö
4 ç1 - 2 ÷
è a ø
æ x2 ö
4x 2 ç 1 - 2 ÷ = y 2
è a ø
4x 4
4x 2 - = y2
a2
for a particular value of y, there will be four value of x and for a particular value of x, there will be 2 value of y.
at x = 0, y = 0
correct option is (1)
6. A simple harmonic oscillator of angular frequency 2 rad s –1 is acted upon by an external force F = sint N. If the
oscillator is at rest in its equilibrium position at t = 0, its position at later times is proportional to :-
1 1 1 1
(1) sin t - sin 2t (2) sin t + cos 2t (3) sin t + sin 2t (4) cos t - sin 2t
2 2 2 2
Ans. (1)
Sol. w = 2 rad/s
f = sin t N,
at t = 0; x = 0; v = 0
option (1) :
é sin 2t ù
x = C ê sin t -
ë 2 úû
x(t = 0) =0
44
Oscillati ons
dx
v= = C[cos t - cos 2t]
dt
v(t = 0) = 0
Only option (1) satisfies the given condition.
7. In an experiment to determine the period of a simple pendulum of length 1 m, it is attached to different spherical
bobs of radii r1 and r2. The two spherical bobs have uniform mass distribution. If the relative difference in the
periods, is found to be 5 × 10–4, the difference in radii, |r1–r2| is best given by :-
(1) 1 cm (2) 0.01 cm (3) 0.1 cm (4) 0.5 cm
Ans. (3)
l
Sol. T = 2p
g
dT 1 dl
= ×
T 2 l
1 | r2 - r1 |
5 ´ 10 -4 = ×
2 1
|r2 – r1| = 2 × 5 × 10–4
= 10–3 m
= 0.1 cm.
8. Two light identical springs of spring constant k are attached horizontally at the two ends of a uniform horizontal
rod AB of length l and mass m. The rod is pivoted at its centre 'O' and can rotate freely in horizontal plane. The
other ends of the two springs are fixed to rigid supports as shown in figure. The rod is gently pushed through a
small angle and released. The frequency of resulting oscillation is: [JEE (Main) - 2019, Online]
1 6k 1 2k A
(1) (2) y
2p m 2p m
O
1 k 1 3k x
(3) (4)
2p m 2p m B
Ans. (1)
l
x=
Sol. 2
q
Kx
l
t = -2Kx cos q
2
æ Kl 2 ö
Þ t = ç 2 ÷ q = - Cq
è ø
45
JE E-Physics
Kl 2
1 C 1 2
f= =
Þ 2p I 2p Ml 2
12
1 6K
Þ f=
2p M
9. A pendulum is executing simple harmonic motion and its maximum kinetic energy is K1. If the length of the
pendulum is doubled and it performs simple harmonic motion with the same amplitude as in the first case, its
maximum kinetic energy is K2. Then :- [JEE (Main) - 2019, Online]
K1 K1
(1) K 2 = (2) K 2 = (3) K2 = 2K1 (4) K2 = K1
4 2
Ans. (3)
Sol. Maximum kinetic energy at lowest point B is given by
K = mgl (1 – cos q)
where q = angular amp.
///////////////////////////
m
A
B
K1 = mg l (1 – cos q)
K2 = mg(2 l ) (1 – cos q)
K2 = 2K1.
10. A rod of mass 'M' and length '2L' is suspended at its middle by a wire. It exhibits torsional oscillations; If two
masses each of 'm' are attached at distance 'L/2' from its centre on both sides, it reduces the oscillation frequency
by 20%. The value of ratio m/M is close to : [JEE (Main) - 2019, Online]
(1) 0.17 (2) 0.37 (3) 0.57 (4) 0.77
Ans. (2)
k
Sol. Frequency of torsonal oscillations is given by f =
I
k k
f1 = f2 =
M ( 2L )
2
M ( 2L )
2 2
æ Lö
+ 2m ç ÷
12 12 è 2ø
f2 = 0.8 f1
m
= 0.375
M
11. A particle of mass m is fixed to one end of a light spring having force constant k and unstretched length l.
The other end is fixed. The system is given an angular speed w about the fixed end of the spring such that it
rotates in a circle in gravity free space. Then the stretch in the spring is : [JEE (Main) - 2020, Online]
mlw2 mlw2 mlw2 mlw2

(1) (2) (3) (4)
k + mw2 k - mw2 k - wm k + mw
Ans. (2)
46
Oscillati ons
w kx m
m(l + x)w
2
Sol.
l x
kx = mlw2 + mxw2
mlw2
x=
k - mw2
12. The displacement time graph of a particle executing S.H.M. is given in figure :
(sketch is schematic and not to scale)
displacement
2T
4
O time (s)
T 3T T 5T
4 4 4
Which of the following statements is/are true for this motion ? [JEE (Main) - 2020, Online]
3T
(A) The force is zero t =
4
(B) The acceleration is maximum at t = T
T
(C) The speed is maximum at t =
4
T
(D) The P.E. is equal to K.E. of the oscillation at t =
2
(1) (A), (B) and (D) (2) (B), (C) and (D)
(3) (A) and (D) (4) (A), (B) and (C)
Ans. (4)
Sol. (A) F = ma a = –w2x
3T
at displacement zero (x = 0), so a = 0
4
F=0
(B) at t = T displacement (x) = A
x maximum, So acceleration is maximum.
(C) V = w A 2 – x 2
Vmax at x = 0
Vmax = Aw
T
at t = , x = 0, So Vmax.
4
(D) KE = PE
A
\ at x = .
2
T
at t = x = -A (So not possible)
2
47
JE E-Physics
13. A ring is hung on a nail. It can oscillate, without slipping or sliding (i) in its plane with a time period T1 and,
T1
(ii) back and forth in a direction perpendicular to its plane, with a period T2. the ratio
T2 will be :
2 2 2 3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 3 3 2
Ans. (1)
Axis of rotation
×
Sol.
R R
(i) (ii)
Moment of inertia in case (i) is I1

Moment of inertia in case (ii) is I2
I1 = 2MR2
3
I2 = MR 2
2
I1 I2
T1 = 2p ; T2 = 2p
Mgd Mgd
T1 I 2MR 2 2
= 1 = =
T2 I2 3 3
MR 2
2
14. The point A moves with a uniform speed along the circumference of a circle of radius 0.36 m and covers 30°
in 0.1 s. The perpendicular projection 'P' from 'A' on the diameter MN represents the simple harmonic motion
of 'P'. The restoration force per unit mass when P touches M will be :
A
0.1s
0.36°m 30°
M N
O P
(1) 100 N (2) 0.49 N (3) 50 N (4) 9.87 N

Ans. (4)
0.1 s
30°
X
A=0.36
Sol.
48
Oscillati ons
30°® 0.1 s
360°®1.2 s = T
2p 5p
w= =
T 3
F
At M, F = mw2A Þ = w2A
m
15. In the given figure, a mass M is attached to a horizontal spring which is fixed on one side to a rigid support.
The spring constant of the spring is k. The mass oscillates on a frictionless surface with time period T and amplitude
A. When the mass is in equilibrium position, as shown in the figure, another mass m is gently fixed upon it.
The new amplitude of oscillation will be :
M k
M-m M M+m M
(1) A (2) A (3) A (4) A
M M+m M M-m
Ans. (2)
Sol. M
Momentum of system remains conserved.

pi = pf
MAw = (m + M) A'w'
k k
MA = (m + M) A'
M m+M
M
A' = A
M+m
16. If the angular velocity of earth's spin is increased such that the bodies at the equator start floating, the duration
of the day would be approximately :

(Take : g = 10 ms–2, the radius of earth, R = 6400 × 103 m, Take p = 3.14)
(1) 60 minutes (2) does not change (3) 1200 minutes (4) 84 minutes
Ans. (4)
Sol. For objects to float
mg = mw2R
w = angular velocity of earth.
R = Radius of earth
49
JE E-Physics
g
w= ... (1)
R
Duration of day = T
2p
T= ... (2)
w
R
Þ T = 2p
g
6400 ´ 103
= 2p
10
T
Þ = 83.775 minutes
60
; 84 minutes
17. The motion of a mass on a spring, with spring constant K is as shown in figure.
K
The equation of motion is given by x(t) = Asinwt + Bcoswt with w =
m
Suppose that at time t = 0, the position of mass is x(0) and velocity v (0), then its displacement can also be
represented as x(t) = Ccos(wt – f), where C and f are :
2v ( 0 ) æ v (0) ö 2v ( 0 ) æ x ( 0) w ö
2 2
+ x ( 0 ) , f = tan -1 ç + x ( 0 ) , f = tan -1 ç
2 2
(1) C= ÷ (2) C = ÷
w 2
è x ( 0) w ø w 2
è 2v ( 0 ) ø
v ( 0) x (0) w ö v ( 0) æ v ( 0) ö
2 2
-1 æ
+ x ( 0 ) , f = tan + x ( 0 ) , f = tan -1 ç
2 2
(3) C = ç v 0 ÷ (4) C = ÷
w 2
è ( ) ø w 2
è x (0) w ø
Ans. (4)
Sol. x = A sin wt + Bcos wt
dx
v= = Aw coswt – Bw sinwt
dt
At t = 0, x (0) = B
v (0) = Aw
x = A sin wt + B sin (wt + 90°)
B
Anet
a
A wt
50
Oscillati ons
Anet = A 2 + B2
B A
tana = Þ cot a =
A B
Þ x= A2 + B2 sin ( wt + a )
Þ x = A 2 + B2 cos ( wt - ( 90 - a ) )
x = C cos(wt – f)
Þ C = A 2 + B2
éë v ( 0 ) ùû
2
+ éë x ( 0 ) ùû
2
C= 2
w
f = 90 - a
A
tan a = cos a =
B
v (0)
Þ tan f = x ( 0 ) .w
æ v (0) ö
f = tan -1 ç
ç x ( 0) w ÷÷
è ø
SECTION-2 : NUMERICAL ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS

18. A particle performs simple harmonic motion with a period of 2 second. The time taken by the particle to
1
cover a displacement equal to half of its amplitude from the mean position is s . The value of 'a' to the
a
nearest integer is _______ .
Ans. (6)
T = 2sec. A/2
Sol.
O
t = T/12
2 1
t= =
12 6
\ Correct answer = 6.00
19. Consider two identical springs each of spring constant k and negligible mass compared to the mass M as shown.
Fig.1 shows one of them and Fig.2 shows their series combination. The ratios of time period of oscillation of
Tb
the two SHM is = x , where value of x is ______. (Round off to the Nearest Integer)
Ta
51
JE E-Physics
/////////////////// ///////////////////
Ta Tb
M
Fig.1
M
Fig.2
Ans. (2)
M
Sol. Ta = 2p
K
M
Tb = 2p
K/2
Tb
= 2 = x
Ta
Þx=2
20. A particle executes S.H.M. with amplitude 'a' and time period V. The displacement of the particle when its speed
xa
is half of maximum speed is . The value of x is ............
2
Ans. (3)
Sol. V = w A 2 - x2 Vmax = Aw
Aw
= w A2 - x2
2
A2
= A 2 - x2
4
3A 2
x2 =
4
3
x= A
21. A particle of mass 1 kg is hanging from a spring of force constant 100 Nm–1. The mass is pulled slightly
downward and released so that it executes free simple harmonic motion with time period T. The time when the
T
kinetic energy and potential energy of the system will become equal, is .The value of x is ________.
x
Ans. (8)
52
Oscillati ons
k=100N/m
Sol.
1kg
KE = PE
A
y= = A sin w t
2
45°
A°
T T
t= =
8 x
x=8
22. Time period of a simple pendulum is T. The time taken to complete 5/8 oscillations starting from mean
a
position is T . The value of a is ..........
b
Ans. (7)
th
5 æ1 1ö
Sol. th of oscillation = ç + ÷ of oscillation
8 è2 8ø
p + q = wt
p æ 2p ö
p+ = t
6 çè T ÷ø q
A A/2
7p æ 2p ö
= t
6 çè T ÷ø
q
7T
t=
12
23. In the reported figure, two bodies A and B of masses 200 g and 800 g are attached with the system of springs.
Springs are kept in a stretched position with some extension when the system is released. The horizontal surface
is assumed to be frictionless. The angular frequency will be _______ rad/s when k = 20 N/m.
53
JE E-Physics
k 4k
A B
S1 S2
Ans. (10)
k eq
Sol. w=
m
m = reduced mass
springs are in series connection
k1 k 2
k eq =
k1 + k 2
k ´ 4k 4k
k eq = =
5k 5
4 ´ 20
k eq = N / m = 16 N / m
5
m 1m 2 0.2 ´ 0.8
µ= = = 0.16 kg
m 1 + m 2 0.2 + 0.8
16
w= = 100 = 10
0.16
54
Oscillati ons
1. A block (B) is attached to two unstretched springs S 1 and S2 with spring constants k and 4k, respectively (see
figure I). The other ends are attached to identical supports M1 and M2 not attached to the walls. The springs
and supports have negligible mass. .There is no friction anywhere. The block B is displaced towards wall 1
by a small distance x (figure II) and released. [IIT-JEE 2008]
2 1
M2 S2 S1 M1
I
2 x 1
M2 S2 S1 M1
II
x
The block returns and moves a maximum distance y towards wall 2. displacements x and y are measured with
y
respect to the equilibrium position of the block B. The ratio is
x
1 1
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) (D)
2 4
Ans. (C)
1 2 1
Sol. kx = 4ky 2
2 2
1 y
=
2 x
2. Column I gives a list of possible set of parameters measured in some experiments. The variations of the parameters
in the form of graphs are shown in Column II. Match the set of parameters given Column I with the graphs given
in Column II. Indicate your answer by darkening the appropriate bubbles of the 4 × 4 matrix given in the ORS.
[IIT-JEE 2008]
Column I Column II
y
(A) Potential energy of a simple pendulum (y axis) as a (p)
function of displacement (x axis)
o x
(B) Displacement (y axis) as a function of time (x axis) (q)

for a one dimensional motion at zero or constant
acceleration when the body is moving along the
o x
positive x-direction.
(C) Range of a projectile (y axis) as a function of (r)

its velocity (x axis) when projected at a fixed angle.
o x
(D) The square of the time period (y axis) of a simple (s)

pendulum as a function of its length (x axis)
o x
55
JE E-Physics
Ans. (A) p,(B) q,r,s (C) s, (D) q

Sol. (A) From nature of SHM, the graph of potential energy as function of displacement will be parabolic
graph as given in option p
Hence (A) ® (p)
(B) a = 0 or a = constant. (as per given condition)
V > 0 moving along positive x-axis
y – displacement
1 2
y = ut ± at for a = constant
2
y = vt for a=0
These two conditions are satisfied by (q) and (s).
(B) ® (q, s)
(p) Is rejected because at t = 0 the displacement is not zero and velocity has negative values.
u 2 sin(2q)
(C) R= and R µ u2 for a fixed angle of projection.
g
at u = 0, R = 0
(C) ® (s)
l 2 l 4 p2
(D) T = 2p Þ T2 = 4 p Þ y= x
g g g
(D) ® (q)
Comprehension based
Paragraph Q. No. 3 to 5
A uniform thin cylindrical disk of mass M and radius R is attached to two identical massless springs of spring
constant k which are fixed to the wall as shown in the figure. The springs are attached to the axle of the disk
symmetrically on either side at a distance d from its centre. The axle is massless and both the springs and
the axle are in a horizontal plane. The unstrethced length of each spring is L. The disk is initially at its equilibrium
position with its centre of mass (CM) at a distance L from the wall. The disk rolls without slipping with velocity
r
V = V ˆi . The coefficient of friction is µ.
0 0
[IIT-JEE 2008]
d
2d
V0
R
3. The net external force acting on the disk when its centre of mass is at displacement x with respect to its equilibrium
position is
2kx 4kx
(A) – kx (B) – 2kx (C) - (D) -
3 3
Ans. (D)
Sol. 2kx – f = Ma
M R2 a kx
f´R=
2 R
Ma
2kx - = Ma kx
2 R
4
kx = Ma
3 f
56
Oscillati ons
-4
Net external force = kx
3
4. The centre of mass of the disk undergoes simple harmonic motion with angular frequency w equal to
k 2k 2k 4k
(A) (B) (C) (D)
M M 3M 3M
Ans. (D)
4
Sol. kx + Ma = 0
3
4 k d 2x
x+ =0
3M d+2
4 k
w=
3M
5. The maximum value of V0 for which the disk will roll without slipping is
M M 3M 5M
(A) µg (B) µg (C) µg (D) µg
k 2k k 2k
Ans. (C)
Sol. f = mMg
3mMg = 2kx
1 2 1 1 æ M R 2 ö v 02
kx = Mv 02 + ç ÷
2 2 2 è 2 ø R2
3M
v 0 = mg
k
6. The x-t graph of a particle undergoing simple harmonic motion is

shown below. The acceleration of the particle at t = 4 / 3 s is 1
x(cm)
[IIT-JEE 2009]
0
4 8 12 t(s)
3 2 –p 2 2
(A) p cm / s2 (B) cm/s –1
32 32
2
p 3 2
(C) cm/s2 (D) – p cm/s2
32 32
Ans. (D)
Sol. From graph
T = 8 second., A = 1 cm,
2p
x = A sinwt. = 1sin t.
8
2
æ 2p ö æ 2p ö
a = – w x = – çè ÷ø sin çè ÷ø t cm/s2
2
8 8
4
At, t = second
3
2
æ 2p ö p 3p 2
a = – ç ÷ sin = – cm/s2.
è 8ø 3 32
7. The mass M shown in the figure oscillates in simple harmonic motion with amplitude A. The amplitude
of the point P is : [IIT-JEE 2009]
57
JE E-Physics
k1 k2
P M
k1 A k2A k1 A k2A
(A) (B) (C) (D)
k2 k1 k1 + k 2 k1 + k 2
Ans. (D)
Sol.
Extensions in springs are x1 and x2 then

k1x1 = k2x2
x1 + x2 = A
k1x1 k2A
Þ x1 + = A Þ x1 =
k2 k1 + k 2
8. A uniform rod of length L and mass M is pivoted at the centre. Its two ends
are attached to two springs of equal spring constant k. The springs are fixed
to rigid supports as shown in the figure, and the rod is free to oscillate in the
horizontal plane. The rod is gently pushed through a small angle q in one direction
and released. The frequency of oscillation is :- [IIT-JEE 2009]
1 2k 1 k
(A) (B)
2p M 2p M
1 6k 1 24k
(C) (D)
2p M 2p M
Ans. (C)
Sol.
L L L2 L L
Torque about P = (kx) + (kx) = kxL = k q (Q x = sinq ~– q )
2 2 2 2 2
t=Ia
KL2 ML2 -6Kq 6K
Þ – q= a Þ =a Þ a=– q = -w2q
2 12 M M
6K w 1 6K
Þ w= and f = =
M 2p 2p M
58
Oscillati ons
9. A particle of mass m is attached to one end of a mass-less spring of force constant k, lying on a frictionless
horizontal plane. The other end of the spring is fixed. The particle starts moving horizontally from its equilibrium
position at time t = 0 with an initial velocity u 0. When the speed of the particle is 0.5 u 0, it collides elastically
with a rigid wall. After this collision :- [IIT-JEE 2013]
(A) the speed of the particle when it returns to its equilibrium position is u0
m
(B) the time at which the particle passes through the equilibrium position for the first time is t= p
k
4p m
(C) the time at which the maximum compression of the spring occurs is t =
3 k
5p m
(D) the time at which the particle passes through the equilibrium position for the second time is t =
3 k
Ans. (AD)
Sol. Collision is elastic so energy is conserve in given question so when it return to equilibrium, its speed is u0
by v = w A 2 - x 2
u0
Aw 3A
= w A2 - x2 Þ x =
2 2
x
m
Time period if collision not occurs T = 2p
k
q 60°
Now time to return for the first time at equilibrium =
w
60°
2p m
=
3 k
x=0 3A
time for option (C) x=
2
æ 2p p ö m 7p
=ç + =
è 3 2 ÷ø k 6
æ 2p ö m 5p
time for option (D) = ç + p÷ =
è 3 ø k 3
10. A block with mass M is connected by a massless spring with stiffness constant k to a rigid wall and moves
without friction on a horizontal surface. The block oscillates with small amplitude A about an equilibrium
position x0. Consider two cases : (i) when the block is at x 0; and (ii) when the block is at x = x0 + A. In both the
cases, a particle with mass m(<M) is softly placed on the block after which they stick to each other. Which of the
following statements(s) is (are) true about the motion after the mass m is placed on the mass M ?
[JEE(Adv.) 2016]
M
(A) The amplitude of oscillation in the first case changes by a factor of , whereas in the second case it
m+M
remains unchanged.
(B) The final time period of oscillation in both the cases is same
(C) The total energy decreases in both the cases
(D) The instantaneous speed at x0 of the combined masses decreases in both the cases
Ans. (ABD)
A
Sol. For case I
Mv0 = (m + M)v
M
Mv 02 = kA 2
x0
59
JE E-Physics
(M + m)v2 = kA'2
A' æ M + mö v æ M ö
= ç ÷ø ´ = ç
A è M v0 è M + m ÷ø
For case II
Energy remain uncharge
æ M + mö
In both case T ' = 2p ç
è k ÷ø
Final time period
60

DX DT 1 2 10: Oscillations

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Oscillati ons

SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS

(A) 12 w 2 (B) 36 w 2 (C) 144 w 2 (D) 192 w 2

\ maximum acceleration Amax = (3w )2 ´ 4 = 36w 2

Þ a = -mgq Þa=- = -w2 q

For (B) at t = T/2, particle at mean position

For (C) : at t=T, particle at mean position

For (D) : at t =T/2, particle at mean position

17. A block P of mass m is placed on a horizontal frictionless plane. A second

(A) (B) (C) (D)

SECTION - 1 : MULTIPLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS

Restoring force when it is slightly depressed by an amount of x.

As r = x 2 + y 2 = 5 sin (100 pt)

(A) velocity of the combined masses immediately after the collision is 10 ms -1

Sol. Velocity of 3kg block just before collision

8. The displacement-time graph of a particle executing SHM is shown.

9. Velocity-time graph of a particle executing SHM is shown in figure. Select the

(A) Displacement of particle at 1 is negative

13. f versus t (time) graph will be as :

15. The new angular frequency of the system will be

17. The new amplitude of the system will be

SECTION - 1 : NUMERICAL ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS

Ans. (0.5) //////////////////

Sol. 2kx = –ma k kx+kx

Hence, kinetic energy =

(OB = b) of the rod , a horizontal spring of force constant k is attached as

SECTION - 2 : MATRIX - MATCH QUESTIONS

For (B) : Q v 2 ³ 0 \ 144 - 9x2 ³ 0 Þ x2 £ 16 Þ x £ 4 ÞAmplitude = 4 units

(A) Equilibrium position is at x = (p) p/4

Sol. Extreme mean Extreme

(1) 0.15 m (2) 0.5 m (3) 1.0 m (4) 1.5 m

frequency. [JEE (Main) - 2013]

Þ Patm A + mg = P0A ...(i)

A - 3a 2A2 + 2a2 - 4Aa

24. A simple harmonic motion is represented by:

y = 5 éë sin(3 pt) + 3 cos(3pt)ùû

32. The displacement of a damped harmonic oscillator is given by

38. A particle executes S.H.M., the graph of velocity as a function of displacement is :-

39. Given below are two statements :

x 22 + x12 x 22 + x12 x 22 - x12 x 22 - x12

(1) 10 m/s2 (2) 5 m/s2 (3) 4 m/s2 (4) 9.8 m/s2

53. For a body executing S.H.M. :

SECTION-1 : SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS

mlw2 mlw2 mlw2 mlw2

Moment of inertia in case (i) is I1

(1) 100 N (2) 0.49 N (3) 50 N (4) 9.87 N

Momentum of system remains conserved.

of the day would be approximately :

SECTION-2 : NUMERICAL ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS

(B) Displacement (y axis) as a function of time (x axis) (q)

(C) Range of a projectile (y axis) as a function of (r)

(D) The square of the time period (y axis) of a simple (s)

Ans. (A) p,(B) q,r,s (C) s, (D) q

6. The x-t graph of a particle undergoing simple harmonic motion is

Extensions in springs are x1 and x2 then

Final time period

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